WO2017163126A1 - A power generation system and a cell site incorporating the same - Google Patents
A power generation system and a cell site incorporating the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017163126A1 WO2017163126A1 PCT/IB2017/000369 IB2017000369W WO2017163126A1 WO 2017163126 A1 WO2017163126 A1 WO 2017163126A1 IB 2017000369 W IB2017000369 W IB 2017000369W WO 2017163126 A1 WO2017163126 A1 WO 2017163126A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- side converter
- link
- electrical power
- generation system
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
- F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the present application relates generally to generation of electrical power and more particularly relates to a power generation system employing a variable speed engine and a photovoltaic (PV) power source.
- PV photovoltaic
- power generation systems such as generators use fuels such as diesel, petrol, and the like to generate an electrical power that can be supplied to local electrical loads. Reducing consumption of the fuels is an ongoing effort in achieving low cost and environment friendly power generation systems.
- various hybrid power generation systems are available that use a generator operated by a constant speed engine as primary source of electricity and some form of renewable energy source such as a wind turbine as a secondary source of electricity.
- the constant speed engine In such hybrid power generation systems, as an amount of power generated by the renewable energy source increases, the power generated by the generators operated by the constant speed engine needs to be reduced. In order to do so, the constant speed engine needs to be operated at low loads. Typically, the constant speed engine has low efficiencies at loads lower than certain threshold limit (e.g., 25%). Moreover, the operation of the constant speed engine at such low loads adversely impacts health of the constant speed engine and overall maintenance cycle.
- certain threshold limit e.g. 25%
- such power generation systems may be coupled to various types of loads, for example, electrical devices that are operable using an alternating current (AC) power and electrical devices that are operable using direct current (AC) power at a point of common coupling.
- AC alternating current
- AC direct current
- power generation systems supply the AC power at the point of common coupling. Therefore, to supply appropriate DC power to the electrical devices that are operable using the DC power, additional power converters are required. Use of such additional power converters further increases overall cost of the power generation systems.
- a power generation system includes a variable speed engine.
- the power generation system further includes a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) mechanically coupled to the variable speed engine.
- the DFIG includes a generator having a rotor winding disposed on a rotor and a stator winding disposed on a stator, wherein the generator is configured to generate a first electrical power.
- the DFIG further includes a rotor side converter electrically coupled to the rotor winding.
- the DFIG includes a line side converter electrically coupled to the stator winding at a point of common coupling (PCC), wherein the rotor side converter and the line side converter are electrically coupled to each other via a Direct Current (DC) link, and wherein the PCC is configured to be coupled to an electric grid.
- the power generation system also includes at least one of a photo voltaic (PV) power source and an energy storage device electrically coupled to the DC-link, wherein the PV power source is configured to generate a second electrical power and the energy storage device is configured to supply a third electrical power.
- PV photo voltaic
- the DC-link is configured to be coupled to at least one DC local load to enable supply of a DC power to the DC local load, wherein the DC power at the DC-link is based on at least one of the first electrical power, the second electrical power, the third electrical power, and a grid power.
- a cell site includes a base station operable using a DC power.
- the cellular tower station further includes a power generation system electrically coupled to the base station.
- the power generation system includes a variable speed engine.
- the power generation system further includes a DFIG mechanically coupled to the variable speed engine.
- the DFIG includes a generator includes a rotor winding disposed on a rotor and a stator winding disposed on a stator, wherein the generator is configured to generate a first electrical power.
- the DFIG further includes a rotor side converter electrically coupled to the rotor winding.
- the DFIG includes a line side converter electrically coupled to the stator winding at a PCC, wherein the rotor side converter and the line side converter are electrically coupled to each other via a DC- link, and wherein the PCC is configured to be coupled to an electric grid.
- the power generation system also includes at least one of a PV power source and an energy storage device electrically coupled to the DC-link, wherein the PV power source is configured to generate a second electrical power and the energy storage device is configured to supply a third electrical power.
- the DC-link is configured to be coupled to at least one DC local load to enable supply of a DC power to the DC local load.
- a method for operating a power generation system employing a DFIG wherein the DFIG includes a generator electrically coupled to a rotor side converter and a point of common coupling (PCC), the PCC is electrically coupled to a line side converter and an electric grid.
- the method includes determining a desired operating speed of a variable speed engine based on an amount of one or more of a second electrical power supplied by a PV power source and a third electrical power supplied by an energy storage device to a DC-link between the rotor side converter and the line side converter, wherein the variable speed engine is mechanically coupled to the generator.
- the method further includes operating the variable speed engine at the determined operating speed to generate a first electrical power by the generator.
- the method includes supplying a DC power to a DC local load from the DC-link, wherein the DC power at the DC-link is based on at least one of the first electrical power, the second electrical power, the third electrical power, and a grid power.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrical power distribution system, in accordance with aspects of the present specification
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example method for operating a power generation system, in accordance with aspects of the present specification.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of cellular tower system coupled to the electrical power distribution system of FIG. 1, in accordance with aspects of the present specification.
- the terms “may” and “may be” indicate a possibility of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability, or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly, usage of "may” and “may be” indicates that a modified term is apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in some circumstances, the modified term may sometimes not be appropriate, capable, or suitable.
- a power generation system includes a variable speed engine.
- the power generation system further includes a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) mechanically coupled to the variable speed engine.
- the DFIG includes a generator includes a rotor winding disposed on a rotor and a stator winding disposed on a stator, where the generator is configured to generate a first electrical power.
- the DFIG further includes a rotor side converter electrically coupled to the rotor winding.
- the DFIG includes a line side converter electrically coupled to the stator winding at a point of common coupling (PCC), where the rotor side converter and the line side converter are electrically coupled to each other via a Direct Current (DC) link, and where the PCC is configured to be coupled to an electric grid.
- the power generation system also includes at least one of a photo voltaic (PV) power source and an energy storage device electrically coupled to the DC-link, where the PV power source is configured to generate a second electrical power and the energy storage device is configured to supply a third electrical power.
- PV photo voltaic
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrical power distribution system 100, in accordance with aspects of the present specification.
- the electrical power distribution system 100 may include a power generation system 101.
- the power generation system 101 may be configured to be coupled to a direct current (DC) local load 104 to enable supply of a DC power to the DC local load 104.
- DC direct current
- the power generation system lOl may be coupled to an electric grid 102 at a point of common coupling (PCC) 103. In some embodiments, the power generation system lOlmay be coupled to both the electric grid 102 and the DC local load 104. In certain embodiments, the power generation system 101 may be coupled to the PCC 103 via a transformer (not shown in FIG. 1). In some embodiments, the PCC 103 may also be configured to be coupled to an alternating current (AC) local load 105 to enable supply of an AC power to the AC local load 105.
- AC alternating current
- the electric grid 102 may be representative of an interconnected network for delivering electricity from one or more power generation stations (different from the power generation system 101) to consumers (e.g., the AC local load 105) through high/medium voltage transmission lines.
- the AC local load 105 may include electrical devices that are operable using the AC power either from the electric grid 102 or from the power generation system 101.
- the power generation system 101 may include one or more variable speed engines such as a variable speed engine 106, a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) 108, and at least one of a photo-voltaic (PV) power source 110 and an energy storage device 122.
- the DC local load 104 coupled to the power generation system 101 may include electrical devices that are operable using the DC power supplied via the power generation system 101.
- the power generation system 101 may be disposed at cell site (not shown in FIG. 1, see FIG. 3) where the DC local load 104 may include a base station disposed at the cell site.
- the power generation system 101 may include a central controller 124.
- central controller 124 may be coupled to the variable speed engine 106 and the DFIG 108 via respective control buses (shown using solid connectors).
- the central controller 124 may be configured to control the operations of the variable speed engine 106 and the DFIG 108.
- the variable speed engine 106 may refer to any system that may aid in imparting a controlled rotational motion to rotary element(s).
- the variable speed engine 106 may be an internal combustion engine, an operating speed of which may be varied under the control of the central controller 124.
- the variable speed engine 106 may be a variable speed reciprocating engine where the reciprocating motion of a piston is translated into a rotational speed of a crank shaft connected thereto.
- the variable speed engine 106 may be operated by combustion of various fuels including, but not limited to, diesel, natural gas, petrol, LPG, biogas, producer gas, and the like.
- the variable speed engine 106 may also be operated using waste heat cycle. It is to be noted that the scope of the present specification is not limited with respect to the types of fuel and the variable speed engine 106 employed in the power generation system 101.
- the DFIG 108 may include a generator 1 12.
- the generator 1 12 may be a wound rotor induction generator.
- the generator 1 12 may include a stator 126 and a rotor 128.
- the generator 1 12 may further include a stator winding 130 disposed on the stator 126.
- the generator 1 12 may also include a rotor winding 132 disposed on the rotor 128.
- the generator 1 12 may be electrically coupled to the PCC 103 to provide a first electrical power (voltage and current) at the PCC 103.
- the stator winding 130 may be coupled (directly or indirectly) to the PCC 103.
- the DFIG 108 may be mechanically coupled to the variable speed engine 106.
- the rotor 128 of the generator 1 12 may be mechanically coupled to the crank shaft of the variable speed engine 106, such that rotations of the crank shaft may cause a rotary motion of the rotor 128 of the generator 1 12.
- the crank shaft of the variable speed engine 106 may be coupled to the rotor of the generator 1 12 through one or more gears.
- a rotational speed of the rotor of the generator 1 12 may be also be varied depending on the operating speed of the variable speed engine 106.
- the generator 1 12 may generate the first electrical power at the stator winding 130 depending on at least one of the operating speed of the variable speed engine 106 and an electrical excitation provided to the rotor winding 132.
- a slip of the generator 1 12 may be defined as represented by Equation (1):
- N r represents operating speed of the rotor 128 in revolution per minute (rpm) and N s represents a synchronous speed of the generator 1 12. Further, N s is represented by Equation (2): Equation (2) where, / represents frequency of current flowing through the stator winding 130, and p represents number of stator poles.
- the generator 1 12 may operate in different modes depending on the operating speed (rpm) of the rotor 128. For example, the generator 1 12 may operate in sub-synchronous mode if N r is lower than N s . The generator 1 12 may operate in synchronous mode if N r is same as N s . The generator 1 12 may operate in super-synchronous mode if N r is greater than N s . In some embodiments, when the generator 1 12 operates in super-synchronous mode, the generator 1 12 may be configured to generate additional electrical power (hereinafter referred to as a fourth electrical power) at the rotor winding 132.
- a fourth electrical power additional electrical power
- the DFIG 108 may further include a rotor side converter 1 14 and a line side converter 1 16.
- Each of the rotor side converter 1 14 and the line side converter 1 16 may act as either an AC -DC converter or a DC- AC converter under the control of the central controller 124.
- the rotor side converter 1 14 may be electrically coupled to the rotor winding 132.
- the line side converter 1 16 may be electrically coupled to the stator winding 130 at the PCC 103.
- the line side converter 1 16 may further be coupled to the PCC 103, directly or via a transformer (not shown in FIG. 1).
- the rotor side converter 1 14 and line side converter 1 16 are also coupled to each other.
- the rotor side converter 1 14 and the line side converter 1 16 are electrically coupled to each other via a DC-link 1 18.
- the power generation system 101 may include at least one of the PV power source 1 10 and the energy storage device 122 electrically coupled to the DFIG 108 at the DC- link 1 18.
- the PV power source 1 10 may include one or more PV arrays (not shown in FIG. 1), where each PV array may include at least one PV module (not shown in FIG. 1).
- a PV module may include a suitable arrangement of a plurality of PV cells (diodes and/or transistors).
- the PV power source 1 10 may generate a DC voltage constituting a second electrical power depending on solar insolation, weather conditions, and/or time of day. Accordingly, the PV power source 1 10 may be configured to supply the second electrical power to the DC-link 1 18.
- the energy storage device 122 may include arrangements of one or more batteries, capacitors, and the like. In some embodiments, the energy storage device 122 may be electrically coupled to the DFIG 108 at the DC-link 118 to supply to supply a third electrical power to the DC-link 118. A maximum amount of the third electrical power the can be supplied by the energy storage device 122 may be referred to as "energy storage device rating.”
- the PV power source 110 and/or the energy storage device 122 may be electrically coupled to the DC-link 118 to supply the second electrical power
- appropriate selection of the power ratings of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may aid in operating the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 at their respective maximum efficiencies under the control of the central controller 124.
- the power ratings of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may be referred to as a maximum amount of power that may be handled by each of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116.
- the power ratings of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may be selected based on the PV rating. In some embodiments, the value of the power rating of each of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may be selected equal to half of the PV rating. In some embodiments, the power rating of each of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may be equal to the PV rating.
- the power ratings of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may be selected based on the PV rating and the energy storage device rating. In some embodiments, the power ratings of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may be may be equal to half of a sum of PV rating and the energy storage device rating. In some embodiments, the power rating of each of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may be equal to the sum of PV rating and the energy storage device rating.
- the power generation system 101 may optionally include one or more DC-DC converters.
- the power generation system 101 may include a first DC-DC converter 134.
- the first DC-DC converter 134 may be electrically coupled between the PV power source 110 and the DC-link 118.
- the second electrical power may be supplied from the PV power source 110 to the DC-link 118 via the first DC-DC converter 134.
- the first DC-DC converter 134 may be operated as a buck converter, a boost converter, or buck-boost converter under the control of the central controller 124.
- the power generation system 101 may include a second DC- DC converter 136.
- the second DC-DC converter 136 may be electrically coupled between the energy storage device 122 and the DC-link 118.
- the third electrical power may be supplied from the energy storage device 122 to the DC-link 118 via the first DC-DC converter 134.
- the energy storage device 122 may receive a charging current via the second DC-DC converter 136.
- the second DC-DC converter 136 may be operated as a buck converter, a boost converter, or buck-boost converter under the control of the central controller 124.
- the power generation system 101 may include a third DC-DC converter 138.
- the third DC-DC converter 138 may be electrically coupled between the energy storage device 122 and the PV power source 110.
- the third DC-DC converter 138 may be configured to charge the energy storage device 122 via the PV power source 110.
- the energy storage device 122 may receive a charging current via the third DC-DC converter 138 from the PV power source 110.
- the third DC-DC converter 138 may be operated as a buck converter, a boost converter, or buck-boost converter under the control of the central controller 124.
- the DC-link 118 may be configured to be coupled to at least one DC local load, such as, the DC local load 104.
- the DC-link 118 may be configured to be coupled to the DC local load 104 to enable supply of the DC power from the DC-link 118 to the DC local load 104.
- the DC-link 118 may be configured to be directly coupled to the DC local load 104.
- the DC-link 118 may be configured to be coupled to the DC local load 104 via a fourth DC-DC converter 140.
- the fourth DC-DC converter 140 may be electrically coupled between the DC local load 104 and the DC-link 118.
- the fourth DC-DC converter 140 may be operated as a buck converter, a boost converter, or buck-boost converter under the control of the central controller 124. While in some embodiments, the fourth DC-DC converter 140 may form a part of the power generation system 101, in some other embodiments, the fourth DC-DC converter 140 may be disposed outside the power generation system 101. [0034] In some embodiments, the DC power at the DC-link 118 may be based on at least one of the first electrical power, the second electrical power, the third electrical power, the fourth electrical power, and the grid power.
- the DC-link 118 may carry the DC power based on sources including, but not limited to, the first electrical power (via the line side converter 116), the fourth electrical power (via the rotor side converter 114 in super- synchronous mode), the second electrical power (directly or via the first DC-DC converter 134) and the third electrical power (directly or via the second DC-DC converter 136), and the grid power (via the line side converter 116 if the grid power is available at the PCC 103).
- sources including, but not limited to, the first electrical power (via the line side converter 116), the fourth electrical power (via the rotor side converter 114 in super- synchronous mode), the second electrical power (directly or via the first DC-DC converter 134) and the third electrical power (directly or via the second DC-DC converter 136), and the grid power (via the line side converter 116 if the grid power is available at the PCC 103).
- the power generation system 101 may include some or all of the first DC-DC converter 134, the second DC-DC converter 136, the third DC-DC converter 138, or the fourth DC-DC converter 140.
- some or all of the first DC-DC converter 134, the second DC-DC converter 136, the third DC-DC converter 138, or the fourth DC-DC converter 140 may include a DC- AC converter (not shown in FIG. 1) coupled to an AC- DC converter (not shown in FIG. 1).
- the DC-AC converter is electrically isolated from the AC-DC converter.
- the DC-AC converter may be coupled to the AC -DC converter via a high frequency AC transformer.
- the power generation system 101 may optionally include a common mode filter 142 coupled between the DC-link 118 and at least one of the PV power source 110, the energy storage device 122, and the DC local load 104.
- the common mode filter 142 is shown as coupled on a common DC line that couples the PV power source 110, the energy storage device 122, and the DC local load 104 with the DC-link 118.
- the common mode filter 142 may be configured to minimize a flow of common mode current between the DC-link 118 and the at least one of the PV power source 110, the energy storage device 122, and the DC local load 104.
- the common mode current may be constituted by a current flowing in a same direction on both positive bus (not shown in FIG. 1) and negative bus (not shown in FIG. 1) of the DC-link 118.
- the common mode filter 142 may minimize the flow of the common mode current by grounding the currents flowing in the same direction on both the positive bus and the negative bus of the DC-link 118.
- the AC power available at the PCC 103 may be based on sources including, but not limited to, the grid power (via the line side converter 116 if the grid power is available at the PCC 103), the first electrical power from the stator winding 130, the DC power from the DC-link 118 (via the line side converter 116).
- the AC local load 105 may be electrically coupled at the PCC 103.
- the PCC 103 may be configured to enable supply of the AC power to the AC local load 105.
- the central controller 124 may be operatively coupled to at least one of the first DC-DC converter 134, the second DC-DC converter 136, the third DC-DC converter 138, and the fourth DC-DC converter 140 to control their respective operations. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the central controller 124 may be operatively coupled the DC local load 104 and the AC local load 105 to selectively connect and disconnect the respective electrical device to manage load.
- the power generation system 101 may be operated in various operating conditions under the control of the central controller 124.
- the operating conditions may include grid connected mode of operation, an islanded mode of operation, and a transition mode of operation.
- the grid connected mode of operation may be defined as a situation when a grid power is supplied / available at the PCC 103 from the electric grid 102.
- the islanded mode of operation may be defined as a situation when the power generation system 101 is not connected to the electric grid 102.
- the transition mode of operation may be defined as a mode of operation when the power generation system 101 is to be transitioned from the grid connected mode of operation to the islanded mode of operation. Such situation may arise when the grid power cuts-off and the power generation system 101 needs to be controlled to generate sufficient electrical power to meet a load requirement of the DC and/or AC local loads 104, 105.
- the central controller 124 may include a specially programmed general purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, and/or a microcontroller.
- the central controller 124 may also include input/output ports, and a storage medium, such as, an electronic memory.
- Various examples of the microprocessor include, but are not limited to, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture type microprocessor or a complex instruction set computing (CISC) architecture type microprocessor.
- RISC reduced instruction set computing
- CISC complex instruction set computing
- the microprocessor may be of a single-core type or multi-core type.
- the central controller 124 may be implemented as hardware elements such as circuit boards with processors or as software running on a processor such as a commercial, off-the-shelf personal computer (PC), or a microcontroller.
- the variable speed engine 106, the rotor side converter 114, the line side converter 116, the first DC-DC converter 134, the second DC-DC converter 136, the third DC- DC converter 138, and/or the fourth DC-DC converter 140 may include controllers / control units / electronics to control their respective operations under a supervisory control of the central controller 124.
- the central controller 124 may be capable of executing program instructions for controlling operations of the power generation system, the electrical devices constituting the DC local load 104, and/or the electrical devices constituting the AC local load 105. In some embodiments, the central controller 124 may aid in executing a method for operating a power generation system (see FIG. 2) by controlling operations of the variable speed engine 106, the DFIG 108, the first DC-DC converter 134, the second DC-DC converter 136, the third DC-DC converter 138, and/or the fourth DC-DC converter 140, the electrical devices constituting the DC local load 104, and/or the electrical devices constituting the AC local load 105.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example method for operating the power generation system 101, in accordance with aspects of the present specification.
- a desired operating speed of the variable speed engine 106 may be determined based on an amount of one or more of the second electrical power supplied by the PV power source 110 and the third electrical power supplied by the energy storage device 122 (if the energy storage device 122 is present) to the DC-link 118 between the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116.
- the central controller 124 may be configured to determine the desired operating speed of the variable speed engine 106.
- the central controller 124 may be configured to determine the desired operating speed of the variable speed engine 106 additionally on at least one of a total load requirement (i.e., load requirement of one or both of the DC local load 104 and the AC local load 105), an availability of the grid power, the power ratings of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116, an efficiency of the variable speed engine 106, and efficiencies of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116.
- the efficiency of the variable speed engine 106 may be defined as a percentage of a chemical energy (e.g., an energy generated due to burning of fuels) that is translated in to mechanical power output of the variable speed engine 106.
- efficiencies of the rotor side converter 114 and the line side converter 116 may refer to a ratio of a respective output power and an input power.
- the DC-link 118 may carry the DC power based on sources including, but not limited to, the first electrical power (via the line side converter 116), the second electrical power (directly or via the first DC-DC converter 134) and the third electrical power (directly or via the second DC- DC converter 136), the fourth electrical power (via the rotor side converter 114 in super- synchronous mode), and the grid power (via the line side converter 116 if the grid power is available at the PCC 103).
- the DC power may be supplied to the DC local load 104 from the DC-link 118.
- the AC power may be supplied to the AC local load 105 via the PCC 103.
- the AC power available at the PCC 103 may be based on sources including, but not limited to, the grid power (via the line side converter 116 if the grid power is available at the PCC 103), the first electrical power from the stator winding 130, the DC power from the DC-link 118 (via the line side converter 116).
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a cell site 300 coupled to the electrical power distribution system 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance with aspects of the present specification. It is to be noted that description of the electrical power distribution system 100 is not repeated herein for the sake of brevity.
- the cell site 300 may represent a cellular telephone site that may host infrastructure and equipment facilitating cellular communication.
- cell site 300 may include a tower 302, sometimes also referred to as a radio mast, and a shelter 304.
- the cell site 300 may also include one or more antennas such as the antenna 306 disposed on the tower 302.
- the antenna 306 may aid in transmission and reception of cellular communication.
- the cell site 300 may also include one or more base stations, such as, a base station 308 and one or more devices housed in the shelter 304.
- the devices may include, but are not limited to, an air-conditioner 312, a fan 314, lighting system 316, etc. It is to be noted that certain equipment of the cell site 300 may be operable using a DC power.
- the base station 308 may be operable using the DC power.
- the equipment such as the air-conditioner 312, the fan 314, and the lighting systems 316 may be operated using AC power.
- the cell site 300 may be powered, partially or fully, via the power generation system 101.
- the cell site 300 may be electrically coupled to the power generation system 101, as depicted in FIG. 3.
- all equipment of the cell site 300 which are operable using DC power may be electrically coupled to the DC-link 118.
- the base station 308 may be electrically coupled to the DC-link 118 to receive the DC power from the DC-link 118.
- the base station 308 may be electrically coupled to the DC-link 118 via a DC-DC converter 318 (similar to the fourth DC-DC converter 140). While in some embodiments, the DC-DC converter 318 may form a part of the power generation system 101, in some other embodiments, the DC-DC converter 318 may be disposed outside the power generation system 101. As previously noted, the DC power at the DC-link 118 may be based on at least one of the first electrical power, the second electrical power, the third electrical power, the fourth electrical power, and the grid power.
- the equipment of the cell site 300 which are operable using AC power may be electrically coupled to the PCC 103 to receive the AC power from the PCC 103.
- the AC power at the PCC 103 is based on at least on one or more of the first electrical power, the grid power, and the DC power at the DC-link 118.
- any of the foregoing steps and/or system elements may be suitably replaced, reordered, or removed, and additional steps and/or system elements may be inserted, depending on the needs of a particular application, and that the systems of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented using a wide variety of suitable processes and system elements and are not limited to any particular computer hardware, software, middleware, firmware, microcode, etc.
- the foregoing examples, demonstrations, and method steps such as those that may be performed by the central controller 124 may be implemented by suitable code on a processor-based system, such as a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. Different implementations of the systems and methods may perform some or all of the steps described herein in different orders, parallel, or substantially concurrently.
- the functions may be implemented in a variety of programming languages, including but not limited to C++ or Java.
- Such code may be stored or adapted for storage on one or more tangible or non-transitory computer readable media, such as on data repository chips, local or remote hard disks, optical disks (that is, CDs or DVDs), memory or other media, which may be accessed by a processor- based system to execute the stored code.
- tangible media may comprise paper or another suitable medium upon which the instructions are printed.
- the instructions may be electronically captured via optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in the data repository or memory.
- the power generation system may be operated at higher efficiencies by ensuring that converters (the rotor side converter and the line side converter) and the variable speed engine are operated at the best efficiency for a given load requirement. Moreover, wear and tear of the variable speed engine may also be reduced, since lower speed of operation increases the life of internal mechanical components of the variable speed engine. Moreover, the PV power source may be utilized as primary power source leading to more environmental friendly and cost effective power generation system. Also, overall fuel consumption by the variable speed engine may be reduced as the PV power source may be utilized as primary power source. Additionally, as the DC local load is coupled at the DC-link, use of additional converters may be greatly avoided or minimized, resulting in additional cost savings.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BR112018069319A BR112018069319A2 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-03-21 | power generation system, base station and method for operating a power generation system employing a double-fed induction generator (dfig) |
PH12018501925A PH12018501925A1 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2018-09-10 | A power generation system and a cell site incorporating the same |
ZA2018/06266A ZA201806266B (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2018-09-18 | A power generation system and a cell site incorporating the same |
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IN201641009987 | 2016-03-22 | ||
IN201641009987 | 2016-03-22 |
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WO2017163126A1 true WO2017163126A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
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PCT/IB2017/000369 WO2017163126A1 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-03-21 | A power generation system and a cell site incorporating the same |
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BR (1) | BR112018069319A2 (en) |
PH (1) | PH12018501925A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017163126A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201806266B (en) |
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US20180048157A1 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-15 | General Electric Company | Power generation system and related method of operating the power generation system |
WO2020101677A1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | General Electric Company | Power generation system and an associated method thereof |
US20200359572A1 (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-11-19 | Lancium Llc | Method and system for dynamic power delivery to a flexible growcenter using unutilized energy sources |
US11581734B2 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2023-02-14 | Lancium Llc | Methods and systems for adjusting power consumption based on a dynamic power option agreement |
US11611219B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2023-03-21 | Lancium Llc | System of critical datacenters and behind-the-meter flexible datacenters |
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- 2017-03-21 BR BR112018069319A patent/BR112018069319A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-03-21 WO PCT/IB2017/000369 patent/WO2017163126A1/en active Application Filing
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Cited By (15)
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US20180048157A1 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-15 | General Electric Company | Power generation system and related method of operating the power generation system |
US20200359572A1 (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-11-19 | Lancium Llc | Method and system for dynamic power delivery to a flexible growcenter using unutilized energy sources |
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US11949232B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2024-04-02 | Lancium Llc | System of critical datacenters and behind-the-meter flexible datacenters |
US11611219B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2023-03-21 | Lancium Llc | System of critical datacenters and behind-the-meter flexible datacenters |
US11669144B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2023-06-06 | Lancium Llc | Methods and systems for distributed power control of flexible datacenters |
US11682902B2 (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2023-06-20 | Lancium Llc | Managing queue distribution between critical datacenter and flexible datacenter |
WO2020101677A1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | General Electric Company | Power generation system and an associated method thereof |
US11650639B2 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2023-05-16 | Lancium Llc | Redundant flexible datacenter workload scheduling |
US11907029B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2024-02-20 | Upstream Data Inc. | Portable blockchain mining system and methods of use |
US11868106B2 (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2024-01-09 | Lancium Llc | Granular power ramping |
US11961151B2 (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2024-04-16 | Lancium Llc | Modifying computing system operations based on cost and power conditions |
US11594888B2 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2023-02-28 | Lancium Llc | Methods and systems for adjusting power consumption based on a fixed-duration power option agreement |
US11581734B2 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2023-02-14 | Lancium Llc | Methods and systems for adjusting power consumption based on a dynamic power option agreement |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PH12018501925A1 (en) | 2019-07-01 |
BR112018069319A2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
ZA201806266B (en) | 2020-02-26 |
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