WO2017152292A1 - Handheld uci hardness-testing device with force sensor - Google Patents
Handheld uci hardness-testing device with force sensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017152292A1 WO2017152292A1 PCT/CH2016/000042 CH2016000042W WO2017152292A1 WO 2017152292 A1 WO2017152292 A1 WO 2017152292A1 CH 2016000042 W CH2016000042 W CH 2016000042W WO 2017152292 A1 WO2017152292 A1 WO 2017152292A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- force
- rod
- control unit
- hardness
- sample
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0048—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying mechanical forces or stimuli
- A61B5/0051—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying mechanical forces or stimuli by applying vibrations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/225—Supports, positioning or alignment in moving situation
- G01N29/226—Handheld or portable devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4436—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a reference signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/405—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by determining the vibration frequency of a sensing element in contact with the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
Abstract
A handheld UCI hardness-testing device comprises a rod (3) with a sampling tip (12), a frequency sensor (23) measuring the resonance frequency of the rod (3), a force sensor (6) measuring the force applied to the sampling tip (12) over time and a control unit (20). The control unit (20) displays the time evolution of the force versus time or of the hardness versus time or force on a display (22) of the device.
Description
Handheld UCI hardness-testing device with force sensor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a handheld UCI hard¬ ness-testing device.
In this context, UCI (Ultrasonic Contact Im¬ pedance) hardness testing relates to a method where the hardness of a sample is tested by pressing a hard tip, in particular a Vickers diamond, against the sample. The tip is mounted on the end of a rod. The rod is excited to ul¬ trasonic oscillation, in particular longitudinal oscillation, by transducers, such as piezoelectric transducers. Resonant frequencies of the rod with and without contact to the sample are measured, and the frequency shift Δί between these resonant frequencies is calculated. This frequency shift Af depends, in known manner, on the hardness of the sample as well as its Young's modulus. Hence, by measuring Δί of a sample having a known Young' s modulus, the hardness of the sample can be measured.
Advantageously, the term "UCI hardness testing" as used herein refers to hardness testing according to at least one of the standards ASTM A1038, DIN 50159-1 and DIN 50159-2.
Background Art
An UCI hardness-testing device is described in WO 88/10416. It comprises a rod with a Vickers diamond at its tip. First piezoelectric transducers at a rear end of the rod excite the rod with ultrasonic frequencies, and second piezoelectric transducers towards the center of the rod measure its resonance frequency.
The tip of the rod can be pressed, by hand, against a sample, whereupon the rod is displaced into the device against the force of a spring. Once a trigger load
(i.e. the force at which the measurement is triggered) has been reached, the displacement of the rod actuates a trigger, which triggers the measurement of the frequency shift Af and the calculation of the hardness.
Disclosure of the Invention
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a UCI hardness-testing device and method that allows to carry out hardness testing in more versatile manner.
This problem is solved by the UCI hardness- testing device of claim 1.
Accordingly, the device comprises:
- A housing: This housing forms a grip region for pushing a forward end of the device against the sample .
- A rod: The rod forms a resonator. It is held, displaceably along its longitudinal direction, in said housing.
- At least one transducer mounted to the rod: The transducer, which is advantageously a piezoelectric transducer, even though it can e.g. also be an electromagnetic transducer, is adapted and structured for excit¬ ing mechanical oscillations in the rod and for measuring a resonance frequency of the rod.
- A sampling tip: This sampling tip forms the forward end of the device, and it is mounted to the rod. It is advantageously formed by a Vickers diamond, even though other diamond shapes might be used as well.
- A multi-value force sensor. This force sensor measures the force by means of which said sampling tip (12) is pressed against said sample. A "multi-value" force sensor is a force sensor adapted to distinguish between a plurality of different force values and to generate an individual digital or analogue signal for each of these force values, in contrast to a trigger-type sensor
that basically generates a binary signal indicative if the force is below or above a threshold.
- A frequency sensor: This sensor measures the change of the resonance frequency of the rod during a measurement .
- A control unit : The control unit is adapted and structured to determine a hardness value of said sample using the values measured by the force sensor and the frequency sensor.
This type of device allows to monitor the force applied to the sample during the measurement in a resolved manner.
The invention is based on the understanding that, for a handheld device where the force for pushing the sampling tip against the sample is generated by hand, monitoring the force in resolved manner, i.e. by means of a multi-value force sensor, provides a number of important advantages. In particular, it provides a better control of the measurement process, more accurate results, and/or an improved ease of use of the device.
Advantageously, the device comprises a spring. The spring is mounted to urge the rod forwards along its longitudinal direction. It is deformed by pushing the sampling tip against the sample. Advantageously, the spring is a compression spring (i.e. a spring being compressed while pressing the sampling tip against the sample, even though it might also be an extension spring) .
Instead of using a spring for accelerating the rod forwards, some other means may be used, e.g. the gravity acting on the rod, or an electromagnetic force generator acting on the rod.
Advantageously, the device can comprise a display. In that case, the control unit can be adapted and structured, on said display, at least one of the following plots:
- A plot of the force measured by said force sensor versus time: This plot provides valuable information helping the user to control his/her force while carrying out the measurement. Advantageously, in this case, the control unit can add at least one guide to the plot, e.g. in the form of lines or a shaded area, indicative of a desired evolution of the force versus time. Advantageously, this plot is a real-time plot, thereby allowing the user to correct the applied force in the course of a measurement.
- A plot of the hardness value and/or of the change of the frequency versus the force measured by said force sensor: This type of display allows the user e.g. to see how the hardness changes with increasing force, i.e. with increasing tip penetration depth into the sample, which can provide important insights for non-homogeneous samples, such as surface-hardened samples.
- A plot of the hardness value and/or of the change of the frequency versus time: This type of display allows the user e.g. to see how much the hardness value fluctuates during a measurement and e.g. to gain an understanding of its reliability.
In another advantageous aspect of the invention, the hardness-testing device can comprise an input device for entering a trigger force (trigger load) . In that case, the control unit is adapted to carry out a hardness measurement upon reaching this trigger force, i.e. the force sensor acts as a switch triggering the measurement. This allows the user to easily reconfigure the device for measuring hardness at different forces.
In another advantageous embodiment, the control unit is adapted to determine the hardness, during a single measurement procedure, for a plurality of different forces measured by said force sensor. This allows e.g. to obtain a better understanding of the structure of the sample.
The invention also relates to a method for measuring the UCI hardness of a sample using the device above. The method comprises the following steps:
- Bringing the sampling tip of the device into contact with the sample.
- Manually exerting a force along said longi¬ tudinal direction for pressing said sampling tip into said sample.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become ap¬ parent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. This description makes refer¬ ence to the annexed drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of the housing of a device,
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the device, Fig. 3 is an example of a plot shown on the device' s display, and
Fig. 4 qualitatively shows the relationship between frequency deviation df and hardness value HV for a number of different tip forces and a sample with a given Young's modulus.
Modes for Carrying Out the Invention Definitions :
Some definitions of important terms, in par¬ ticular "UCI hardness testing" and "multi-value force sensor", are provided above. Some more are given in the following .
The terms "forward", "forwards" and "back¬ ward", "rear" and "backwards" are to be understood in relation to the sampling tip of the device. The sampling tip forms the forward end of the resonator rod and of the
device, while the end opposite to the sampling tip forms the backward end or rear end of the rod and the device, respectively. The direction "forwards" extends along the longitudinal axis of the rod towards the forward end of the rod, and the direction "backwards " extends opposite to the forwards direction.
The term "real-time" in the present context is to be understood as a process having a delay much smaller than the duration of a typical measurement, in particular smaller than 1 second, advantageously smaller than 0.5 seconds. For example, the display of a plot of the force versus time is understood to be real-time when the plot is regularly updated with a delay much smaller than the duration of the measurement, in particular with a delay smaller than 1 second, advantageously smaller than 0.5 seconds.
Basic device design and operation:
Fig. 1 shows a sectional view along the axis of a handheld UCI hardness-testing device.
As can be seen, the device comprises a housing 1 having an e.g. cylindrical outer wall forming a grip region 2.
A guide member 3 of e.g. tubular and cylindrical design is held by a bearing 4 within housing 1. Bearing 4 allows guide member 3 to be displaced in re¬ spect to housing 1 along an axis A of the device.
A rear end of guide member 3 abuts against a forward end of a spring member 5, which is advantageously a compression spring. A rear end of spring member 5 rests against housing 1, with a force sensor 6 arranged between spring member 5 and housing 1. Force sensor 6 is a multi- value force sensor as defined above, such as a capacitive force sensor, a piezoresistive force sensor, an optical force sensor, a hall-effect force sensor, etc. A piezoresistive force sensor is the presently preferred embodiment .
A rod 7 is held within guide member 3, with the rod's longitudinal axis coinciding with axis A of the device .
The connection between rod 7 and guide member 3 is formed by a disk or individual arms 8 extending radially between rod 7 and guide member 3. The disk or arms 8 connect to rod 7 at only one location, at a distance of about 25% of the total length of rod 7 from its rear end. This suspension encourages the formation of a vibration in rod 7 with a node of the standing wave at the location of the disk or arms 8.
A first group of piezoelectric transducers 10 is located at the rearmost section of rod 7, namely in a section extending over the rearmost 25% of rod 7 behind disk or arms 8. A second group of piezoelectric transducers 11 is located in a section extending over the second but rearmost section of rod 7, namely between the disk or arms 8 and the center of rod 7.
The forward end of rod 12 extends through an opening 13 in housing 1. A sampling tip 12 formed advantageously by a Vickers diamond is located at the forward end .
At rest, i.e. when not measuring the hardness of a sample, spring member 5 is in its most relaxed state, where it pushes the forward end of guide member 3 against a ledge 14 of housing 1.
To start a measurement, the user holds housing 1 at grip region 2 and pushes sampling tip 12 manually against a sample to be measured. During the measurement, the force by means of which sample 12 is pressed against the sample is measured repetitively by means of force sensor 6, and the resonant frequency of rod 7 is measured by means of the piezoelectric transducers 10 and/or 11.
It will be apparent to the skilled person that the hardware design shown in Fig. 1 is only one of
various possible examples for implementing the techniques described herein.
Device control:
Fig. 2 shows some components of the device of Fig. 1 in a block circuit diagram.
In particular, the device comprises a control unit 20, such as a microprocessor or microcontroller with associated memory 20a, which controls the operation of the device.
Control unit 20 is connected to an input device 21 as well as a display 22. Input device 21 and display 22 may be separate units as shown, or they may at least in part be a common unit, such as a touchscreen.
Control unit 20 further communicates with a resonance detector 23. Resonance detector 23 may be implemented as part of control unit 20, e.g. using at least part of the same hardware and suitable software, or it may be implemented as a unit separate from control unit 20.
Resonance detector 23 is structured and designed to measure a resonance frequency of rod 7, e.g. the resonance frequency for a longitudinal vibration with a node at the location of the disk or arms 8.
In the presently shown embodiment, resonance detector 23 sends pulses to the first piezoelectric transducer ( s ) 10 in order to generate vibrations in rod 7, and measures the mechanical response of rod 7 by means of the second piezoelectric t ansducer ( s ) 11.
For example, resonance detector 23 can send a short pulse to the first piezoelectric transducer ( s ) 10, which will give rise to resonant vibrations within rod 7, whose frequency can be measured. The signal, of the resonance of interest can be isolated by means of suitable filters .
Alternatively, resonance detector 23 can e.g. form a feedback loop amplifying the signal measured by
the second piezoelectric transducer ( s ) 11 and feeding it back to the first piezoelectric transducer ( s ) 10, thereby actively maintaining a vibration in rod 7 at the desired resonance .
Also, control unit 20 is connected to force sensor 6 by means of a suitable interface circuitry 24.
Measurement procedure:
Advantageously, resonance detector 23 is operating continuously when the device is switched on. This allows to measure the free resonance frequency fO of rod 7 when sampling tip 12 is not in contact with the sample.
A measurement is initiated by the user pushing gripping housing 1 and pushing sampling tip 12 against the surface of a sample. The time of contact can be detected by control unit 20 from a sudden increase of the detected resonance frequency.
Alternatively, or in addition thereto, the start of the measurement can be detected from the signal generated by force sensor 6.
Once the start of the measurement is detected, control unit 20 performs repetitive measurements of the force F detected by force sensor 6 and the deviation Af of the resonance frequency of rod 7 from the free resonance frequency f0. These values F and Δί can be stored in memory 20a, together with the time t at which they are measured.
Advantageously, control unit 20 also displays a real-time plot of the measured force F as a function of time t on display 22, such as shown in Fig. 3 (solid curve ) .
This plot is shown in real-time during the measurement. It allows the user to visually see the build-up of the force F(t) and to control it more accurately.
The user should continuously increase the force with which he pushes sampling tip 12 against the sample .
Once the force F reaches a threshold force F^ (time tO in Fig. 3), control unit 23 will use the corresponding frequency deviation Af and force F(t0) in order to determine a hardness value HV therefrom using a function G
HV = G (Af , F, E) , (1) with E being the sample's Young's modulus.
Function G can be obtained using calibration measurements (see e.g. ASTM A1038) . Fig. 4 qualitatively illustrates a typical relation between the hardness value HV and the frequency deviation Af for a number of different forces F.
Typical values of the frequency deviation Af are in the range of several 100 Hz or a few kHz, and typical hardness value HV vary between 100 and 1000.
Once the threshold force F^ has been reached, the measurement ends, and control unit 20 can generate a signal to the user, thereby indicating that the measurement is complete and he can release the force.
As shown in Fig. 3, control unit 20 can display, in the plot of the force F versus time t, at least one guide 30, 31 indicative of a desired time evolution of said force, i.e. of the desired curve of F(t) .
In the example of Fig. 3, control unit 20 the guide is formed by two guidelines (shown in dotted lines 30, 31) bordering a region where the curve of F(t) should lie until the time tO of measurement.
This makes it easier for the user to cor¬ rectly increase the force he applies up to the threshold force F-p .
The guide 30, 31 is advantageously updated dynamically in real-time during the measurement.
Control unit 20 can also monitor other crite- rions that the time evolution of the force F(t) should meet. For example, the force F(t) should increase monotonously in time until the threshold force F-p is reached. If control unit 20 detects that this criterion is not met, it can notify the user accordingly, e.g. by suitably coloring certain parts of the plot in Fig. 3.
Hence, in more general terms, control unit 20 is advantageously adapted to measure the time evolution F(t) of the force F during a measurement and to generate user feedback indicating if the time evolution F ( t ) vio¬ lates at least one criterion.
The criterion can e.g. be at least one of the following :
- The minimum and/or maximum speed of force increase, i.e. the time derivative dF(t)/dt, must never be below or above a given minimum or maximum speed, i.e. a minimum and/or maximum of the slope of the curve F(t) must never be below or above a given limit, until the threshold force F^ is reached. For example, typical minimum and/or maximum speeds of force increase are 2.5 and 100 N/s, but they may vary with the trigger load (trigger force) .
- The threshold force F<j must be reached within a certain time interval, e.g. a time interval between 0.5 seconds and 4 seconds.
- The time derivative 9F ( t ) /dt must never be negative until the threshold force F-p is reached.
- The force should always remain below a maximum threshold Fmax, advantageously with Fmax > F^, thereby avoiding unnecessary damage to the sample. The maximum threshold Fmax can e.g. entered by the user, or it can be calculated from control unit 20 as a function of the threshold force .
The threshold force F>p can be selected by the user, by means of input device 21, e.g. to be at 9.81 N,
19.62 , 29.43 N, etc., in order to carry out the measurement at a certain, standardized force level.
In a further, advantageous embodiment, control unit 20 is adapted to determine the hardness HV during a measurement for a plurality of different forces F, thereby obtaining a series of hardness values HV-j_, with i = 1 ... N, with N > 1.
In one embodiment, control unit 20 can be adapted to calculate an average of the hardness values HV_, thereby obtaining a more accurate measurement that shows reduced sensitivity to the surface structure of the sample and/or to fluctuations in the measurement conditions .
In another embodiment, control unit 20 can be adapted to plot the hardness value HVj_ and/or the frequency shift Af as a function of force F and/or of time t. From such a plot, the user can e.g. derive information about the surface structure of the sample. For example, if the topmost layer of the surface is hardened, a higher hardness value can be observed for a low force than for higher forces.
Notes :
In the example of Fig. 1, force sensor 6 is a load cell located e.g. between spring member 5 and hous¬ ing 1. Even though this is believed to be an advantageous embodiment, the force sensor can e.g. also be formed by a sensor adapted to measure the position of guide member 3 or rod 7 in respect to housing 1, such as an optical sensor or a hall-type sensor. Since that position is a function of the force by means of which sampling tip 12 is pressed against the sample, its measurement allows to determine this force.
While there are shown and described presently preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited
thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims.
Claims
1. A handheld UCI hardness-testing device comprising
a housing (1) forming a grip region (2) for manually pushing a forward end of the device against a sample,
a rod (3) forming a resonator, wherein said rod (3) is held in said housing (1) displaceably along a longitudinal direction (A) of said rod (3),
at least one transducer (10, 11) mounted to the rod (3) adapted and structured for exciting oscillations in the rod (3) and for measuring a resonance frequency of the rod (3),
a sampling tip (12) forming the forward end of the device and being mounted to said rod (3),
a multi-value force sensor (6) measuring a force (F) by means of which said sampling tip (12) is pressed against said sample,
a frequency sensor (23) adapted and structured to measure a change (Af) of said resonance frequency during a measurement,
a control unit (20) adapted and structured to determine a hardness value of said sample using values measured by said force sensor (6) and said frequency sensor (23 ) .
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said control unit (20) is adapted to display, on a display (22) of said device, a plot of the force (F) measured by said force sensor (6) versus time.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein said control unit (20) is further adapted to display, in said plot, at least one guide (30, 31) indicative of a desired time evolution of said force (F) .
. The device of any of the claims 2 or 3 wherein said plot is a real-time plot.
5. The device of any of the preceding claims wherein said control unit (20) is adapted to display, on a display (22) of said device, a plot of the hardness value and/or of the change of said frequency versus the
5 force (F) measured by said force sensor (6) .
6. The device of any of the preceding claims wherein said control unit (20) is adapted to display, on a display (22) of said device, a plot of the hardness value and/or of the change of said frequency versus time.o 7. The device of any of the preceding claims comprising an input device (21) for entering a threshold force (Fip) , wherein said control unit (20) is adapted to carry out a hardness measurement upon reaching said threshold force ( F<p ) .
s
8. The device of any of the preceding claims wherein said control unit (20) is adapted to determine, during a measurement, said hardness for a plurality of different forces measured by said force sensor (6) .
9. The device of any of the preceding claims0 wherein said control unit (20) is adapted to measure a time evolution (F(t)) of said force during a measurement and to generate user feedback indicating if the time evolution (F(t)) violates at least one criterion, and in particular wherein said criterion is at least one of the5 following:
- a minimum and/or maximum time derivative dF(t)/dt of said force (F) must never be below or above a given minimum and/or maximum speed,
- a threshold force (F^) must be reachedo within a certain time interval,
- a time derivative <9F ( t ) /dt of said force (F) must never be negative until a threshold force (F^) is reached,
- the force (F) should always remain below a5 maximum threshold ( Fmax) .
10. The device of any of the preceding claims further comprising a spring (5) urging said rod (3) forwards along said longitudinal direction (A) , wherein said spring (5) is deformable by pushing said sampling tip (12) against the sample,
11. A method for measuring a UCI hardness using the device of any of the preceding claims comprising the steps of
bringing said sampling tip (12) into contact with said sample,
manually exerting a force (F) along said lon¬ gitudinal direction (A) for pressing said sampling tip (12) into said sample.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH2016/000042 WO2017152292A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | Handheld uci hardness-testing device with force sensor |
| DE112016006551.5T DE112016006551T5 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | Handheld UCI hardness tester with a force sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH2016/000042 WO2017152292A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | Handheld uci hardness-testing device with force sensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2017152292A1 true WO2017152292A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH2016/000042 WO2017152292A1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | Handheld uci hardness-testing device with force sensor |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE112016006551T5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017152292A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109883862B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2024-04-05 | 巨石集团有限公司 | Yarn ball hardness measuring instrument and measuring method thereof |
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2016
- 2016-03-07 DE DE112016006551.5T patent/DE112016006551T5/en active Pending
- 2016-03-07 WO PCT/CH2016/000042 patent/WO2017152292A1/en active Application Filing
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| DE112016006551T5 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
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