WO2017101881A1 - 银杏内酯b衍生物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

银杏内酯b衍生物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2017101881A1
WO2017101881A1 PCT/CN2016/110802 CN2016110802W WO2017101881A1 WO 2017101881 A1 WO2017101881 A1 WO 2017101881A1 CN 2016110802 W CN2016110802 W CN 2016110802W WO 2017101881 A1 WO2017101881 A1 WO 2017101881A1
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compound
formula
group
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
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PCT/CN2016/110802
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李大雄
李慧琴
柯鸿
樊小波
孙毅
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成都百裕金阁莱药业有限公司
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Priority to US16/063,615 priority Critical patent/US10875874B2/en
Priority to JP2018550641A priority patent/JP6767498B2/ja
Priority to KR1020187020564A priority patent/KR102105451B1/ko
Priority to CA3008698A priority patent/CA3008698C/en
Priority to EP16874938.0A priority patent/EP3381921B1/en
Publication of WO2017101881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101881A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/22Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/365Lactones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ginkgolide B derivative and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Ginkgolide B (GB) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves. It is also the strongest platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist discovered so far, which can inhibit platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, It is an effective drug for the treatment of acute and chronic cerebral ischemic diseases, such as protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and treating acute pancreatitis.
  • PAF platelet activating factor
  • ginkgolide B is a six-ring cage-like diterpene compound with a rigid structure, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability, which limits the full effect of the drug and affects its clinical application.
  • Patent CN1837212A also reported structural modification of the 10-O position of ginkgolides B, and obtained a series of carboxylic acids and nitrogen-containing derivatives, but the lack of detection data on the improvement of water solubility and pharmacodynamic activity. Therefore, it is necessary to further structurally modify the ginkgolides B lead compound based on previous studies, in order to find a higher activity, better water solubility, and novel structure of the ginkgolide B drug candidate for use in application. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel structure of medicinal ginkgolides B derivative, a preparation method and application thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the ginkgolides B derivative for prevention, treatment and treatment And / or reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases provide more options for drug selection.
  • R 1 is selected from pyrazinyl or substituted pyrazinyl
  • R 2 is selected from pyrazinyl or substituted pyrazinyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, alkyl or substituted alkyl.
  • R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are respectively or simultaneously selected from H, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, an ester group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group.
  • R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are each independently or simultaneously selected from a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group or a halogen-substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
  • R 21 , R 22 , R 23 are respectively or simultaneously selected from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, ester, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, phenyl or substituted phenyl;
  • R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 are respectively or simultaneously selected from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, ester, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, phenyl or substituted Phenyl group;
  • R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 are respectively or simultaneously selected from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, ester, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, phenyl or substituted Phenyl.
  • R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are each independently or simultaneously selected from a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group or a halogen-substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
  • R 31 is selected from an ester group or an ester group-substituted alkyl group, and R 32 , R 33 , R 34 and R 35 are both H.
  • R 31 is selected from a C 2 -C 6 ester group or an ester group-substituted alkyl group as shown in the formula A:
  • R 311 and R 312 are each independently or simultaneously selected from a C 2 -C 6 ester group or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, and R 311 and R 312 are not simultaneously a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
  • R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 and R 45 are respectively or simultaneously selected from H or halogen.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of an organic acid salt or a mineral acid salt.
  • the organic acid salt is selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, besylate, lactate, citrate (citrate), succinate, oxalate, malate, Fumarate, maleate, tartrate, acetate, propionate or succinate;
  • the mineral acid salt is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, sulfate, hydrobromide or phosphate.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the compound represented by the above formula Ia, comprising the following steps:
  • the ginkgolide B is dissolved in an organic solvent, added The inorganic base and the catalyst are reacted at 50 ° C to 60 ° C to obtain a reaction liquid; wherein X is a halogen;
  • step a
  • the ginkgolides B and The molar ratio is 1:2 to 1:3; the molar ratio of the ginkgolides B to the inorganic base is 1:10 to 1:20.
  • the organic solvent is selected from acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide
  • the inorganic base is selected from potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or cesium carbonate
  • the catalyst is potassium iodide.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the compound of the above formula IIa, IIb or IIc, comprising the following steps:
  • the ginkgolide B and the compound represented by the formula V are dissolved in an organic solvent, a catalyst and a condensing agent are added, and the reaction is carried out at 20 ° C to 30 ° C for 4 h to 6 h to obtain a reaction liquid;
  • the reaction solution obtained in the step 1 is separated and purified to obtain a compound of the formula IIa, the formula IIb or the formula IIc.
  • the molar ratio of the ginkgolide B and the compound represented by the formula V is 1:1 to 1:5; the molar ratio of the ginkgolide B to the catalyst is 1:0.1 to 1:0.3; the ginkgolide The molar ratio of B to the condensing agent is from 1:1.2 to 1:1.6.
  • the organic solvent is selected from acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide
  • the catalyst is selected from 4-dimethylaminopyridine or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
  • the condensing agent is selected from 1-(3- Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition prepared by using the compound of the above formula I or formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant or auxiliary ingredient. Preparation.
  • the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula I or formula II above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases include hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, dyslipidemia, pulmonary vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, peripheral vascular disease, etc., such as myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, Atherosclerosis, left main disease, bifurcation lesions, angina pectoris, thrombosis, pulmonary heart disease, endocrine heart disease, anemia heart disease, cardiac neurosis, nutritional metabolic heart disease, aortic aneurysm, lower extremity arteries Sclerosing disease, peripheral arteries Disease, intracranial aneurysm, arteriosclerotic aneurysm, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, sudden cardiac death, stroke, vascular embolism, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, myocardial disease, pericardium Disease, valvular disease, hypertensive encephalopathy, hypertension combined with stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral
  • the myocardial infarction is acute myocardial infarction
  • the coronary artery disease is acute coronary syndrome or coronary revascularization
  • the hypertension is essential hypertension
  • the stroke is Brain stroke
  • the arrhythmia is ventricular arrhythmia, complex arrhythmia, hereditary arrhythmia or malignant arrhythmia.
  • substitution means that a hydrogen atom in a molecule is replaced by a different atom or molecule.
  • the minimum and maximum values of the carbon atom content in the hydrocarbon group are represented by a prefix, for example, the prefix (C a - C b ) alkyl group indicates any alkyl group having "a" to "b" carbon atoms.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkyl means an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable means that a carrier, carrier, diluent, adjuvant, and/or salt formed is generally chemically or physically compatible with the other ingredients that constitute a pharmaceutical dosage form, and is physiologically Compatible with the receptor.
  • salts and “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refer to the above-mentioned compounds or stereoisomers thereof, acid and/or basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids and bases, and also includes zwitterionic salts (within Salts) also include quaternary ammonium salts such as alkylammonium salts. These salts can be obtained directly in the final isolation and purification of the compounds. It can also be obtained by mixing the above compound, or a stereoisomer thereof, with a certain amount of an acid or a base as appropriate (for example, an equivalent amount).
  • the salt in the present invention may be a hydrochloride, a sulfate, a citrate, a methanesulfonate or a benzenesulfonate of the compound.
  • the raw materials and equipment used in the specific embodiments of the present invention are known products and are obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
  • Acetylsalicylic acid Chengdu Kelon Chemical Reagent Factory, batch number 2013101601
  • Ligustrazine (20.0 g, 0.147 mol), NBS (26.8 g, 0.151 mol), catalyst benzoyl peroxide (0.058 g, 0.232 mmol) and solvent CCl 4 (75.0 mL) were added in a 250 ml three-necked flask. The lamp was irradiated, and the oil bath was heated to 75 ° C for 10 hours. Filtration and removal of the solvent in the filtrate gave a concentrate. Purification by column chromatography gave a pale yellow solid, 2-bromomethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, 15.8 g, yield 50%.
  • Essential hypertension is a genetically heterogeneous disease in which several genes with weak effects combine to produce high blood pressure and are affected by a range of environmental factors.
  • the pathological process of hypertension often involves thickening of the arterial wall, myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular hypertrophy and renal vascular sclerosis, which causes damage to target organs of hypertension, and significantly increases the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and kidney disease. It is extremely harmful to human beings. Therefore, reasonable control of blood pressure has very important clinical significance.
  • Spontaneously hypertensive rats have many similarities with human essential hypertension, including their genetic characteristics, pathogenesis and the occurrence of hypertension complications, so SHR is considered to be a human study.
  • the best animal model of essential hypertension has been widely used in the experimental study of the pathogenesis of hypertension and the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, SHR rats were selected as test animals in this experiment.
  • Test drugs BZ, BA, BL, BM, BD, GB, purity > 98%.
  • 1.2 positive control drugs Captopril Tablets, 25mg / tablet, Shanghai Pu Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. products, batch number: 101003.
  • Test equipment BP-6 non-invasive animal blood pressure measurement system (Chengdu Taimeng Technology Co., Ltd.); FA1004 electronic analysis balance (Shanghai Precision Science Instrument Co., Ltd.).
  • Test animals 112 SHR rats of 14 weeks old, male and female, body weight (200 ⁇ 250) g, provided by Beijing Weitong Lihua Experimental Animal Technology Co., Ltd., experimental animal production license number: SCXK (Beijing) 2007-001; 8 healthy Wistar rats of the same age, male and female, body weight (200-250) g, raised by the Animal Center of Nanjing Medical University Supply, experimental animal production license number: SCXK (Su) 2008-0004.
  • the rats in each drug group were intragastrically administered according to the above dosages, and the administration volume was 1 mL/100 g body weight.
  • the rats in the normal control group and the SHR rat model control group were intragastrically aliquoted with distilled water for 8 weeks.
  • the systolic blood pressure of the rat tail artery was measured using a Bp-6 non-invasive blood pressure measurement system. In the rat state, the systolic blood pressure was continuously measured 3 times, and the average value was taken as the pressure measurement result. Observed indicators: 1 single-dose hypotensive effect, blood pressure of the rats before administration, blood pressure at 30, 60, 90, 120 min after the first dose; 2 continuous administration of blood pressure, 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 35, 49, 56d blood pressure 30 minutes after the drug, repeated measurements 3 times a day, the average value was taken as the final blood pressure value.
  • Each drug group was compared with the model control group, ⁇ P ⁇ 0.05, ⁇ ⁇ P ⁇ 0.01.
  • Each drug group was compared with the model control group, ⁇ P ⁇ 0.05, ⁇ ⁇ P ⁇ 0.01.
  • the ginkgolides B derivatives and salts thereof provided by the present invention have significantly improved water solubility compared with ginkgolides B, and the latter have a good solution to poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and insufficient efficacy. Defects.
  • the pharmacodynamic experiments show that the compound of the present invention has significant therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and can be used for preventing and/or treating hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, dyslipidemia, pulmonary vascular disease, chronic kidney Disease, peripheral vascular disease, etc., such as myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, left main disease, bifurcation lesion, angina pectoris, thrombosis, pulmonary heart disease, endocrine heart disease, anemia heart disease, Cardiac neurosis, nutritional metabolic heart disease, aortic aneurysm, lower extremity arteriosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, intracranial aneurysm, arteriosclerotic aneurysm, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis Sudden death, sudden cardiac death, stroke, hypotension, vascular embolism, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, hypertensive encephalopathy

Abstract

本发明公开了式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,R1选自吡嗪基或取代的吡嗪基;R2选自吡嗪基或取代的吡嗪基、苯基或取代的苯基、烷基或取代的烷基。

Description

银杏内酯B衍生物及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及银杏内酯B衍生物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
银杏内酯B(Ginkgolide B,GB)是从银杏叶中提取的主要活性成分之一,也是迄今发现的最强的血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂,可以抑制血小板聚集、抗炎、抗休克、保护心脑血管及治疗急性胰腺炎等,是治疗急慢性脑缺血疾病的有效药物。但银杏内酯B是一种六环笼状结构的二萜化合物,刚性结构,水溶性差,生物利用率低,致使药效的充分发挥受到限制,影响其临床应用的效果。
近年来对银杏内酯B结构修饰的相关研究已成为一个热点课题。文献WO9306107出于分离纯化的目的对银杏内酯B的结构进行了改造,但仅仅局限于分子内部手性的改变,对其水溶性并无改善且抗PAF活性却大大减弱。文献CN1139435A报道了对银杏内酯B进行结构修饰,部分衍生化合物的水溶性和抗P AF活性均得到了改善,但合成工艺苛刻复杂、产量较低,给实际生产操作带来了很大困难。专利CN1837212A亦报道了对银杏内酯B的10-O位进行的结构修饰,得到了系列羧酸类和含氮类衍生化合物,但水溶性和药效活性的改善与否缺乏检测数据。为此,我们有必要在前人的研究基础上对银杏内酯B先导化合物进一步进行结构修饰,以期发现活性更高、水溶性更好、结构新颖的银杏内酯B类候选药物,以便运用于心脑血管疾病的防治。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新结构的具有药用价值的银杏内酯B衍生物及其制备方法与应用,以及包含该银杏内酯B衍生物的药物组合物,以便为预防、处理、治疗和/或减轻心脑血管疾病提供更多的药物选择途径。
本发明提供的式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000001
其中,R1选自吡嗪基或取代的吡嗪基;
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000002
其中,R2选自吡嗪基或取代的吡嗪基、苯基或取代的苯基、烷基或取代的烷基。
进一步的,所述的化合物如式Ⅰa所示:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000003
其中,R11、R12、R13分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基。
进一步的,式Ⅰa所示的化合物中,R11、R12、R13分别或同时选自C1~C6烷基或卤素取代的C1~C6烷基。
进一步的,式Ⅰa所示的化合物为:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000004
进一步的,所述的化合物如式Ⅱa、式Ⅱb或式Ⅱc所示:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000005
其中,R21、R22、R23分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基;
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000006
其中,R31、R32、R33、R34、R35分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基;
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000007
其中,R41、R42、R43、R44、R45分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基。
进一步的,式Ⅱa所示的化合物中,R21、R22、R23分别或同时选自C1~C6烷基或卤素取代的C1~C6烷基。
进一步的,式Ⅱa所示的化合物为:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000008
进一步的,式Ⅱb所示的化合物中,R31选自酯基或酯基取代的烷基,R32、R33、R34、R35同时为H。
进一步的,式Ⅱb所示的化合物中,R31选自C2~C6酯基或如式A所示的酯基取代的烷基:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000009
其中,R311、R312分别或同时选自C2~C6酯基或C1~C6烷基,R311、R312不同时为C1~C6烷基。
进一步的,式Ⅱb所示的化合物为:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000010
进一步的,式Ⅱc所示的化合物中,R41、R42、R43、R44、R45分别或同时选自H或卤素。
进一步的,式Ⅱc所示的化合物为:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000011
进一步的,所述药学上可接受的盐选自有机酸盐或无机酸盐。
进一步的,有机酸盐选自甲磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、乳酸盐、枸橼酸盐(柠檬酸盐)、琥珀酸盐、草酸盐、苹果酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐或丁二酸盐;无机酸盐选自盐酸盐、硫酸盐、氢溴酸盐或磷酸盐。
本发明还提供了上述式Ⅰa所示化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、将银杏内酯B溶于有机溶剂中,加入
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000012
无机碱和催化剂,于50℃~60℃反应,得到反应液;其中,X为卤素;
b、对步骤a所得反应液进行分离、纯化,即得式Ⅰa所示化合物。
进一步的,步骤a中,
所述银杏内酯B与
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000013
的摩尔比为1:1~1:5;所述银杏内酯B与无机碱的摩尔比为1:5~1:20;
优选的,所述银杏内酯B与
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000014
的摩尔比为1:2~1:3;所述银杏内酯B与无机碱的摩尔比为1:10~1:20。
进一步的,步骤a中,有机溶剂选自乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;无机碱选自碳酸钾、碳酸钠或碳酸铯;催化剂为碘化钾。
本发明还提供了上述式Ⅱa、式Ⅱb或式Ⅱc所示化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①、将银杏内酯B和式Ⅴ所示化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂和缩合剂,于20℃~30℃反应4h~6h,得到反应液;
其中,制备式Ⅱa所示化合物的式Ⅴ所示化合物为:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000015
制备式Ⅱb所示化合物的式Ⅴ所示化合物为:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000016
制备式Ⅱc所示化合物的式Ⅴ所示化合物为:
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000017
②、对步骤①所得反应液进行分离、纯化,即得式Ⅱa、式Ⅱb或式Ⅱc所示化合物。
进一步的,步骤①中,银杏内酯B和式Ⅴ所示化合物的摩尔比为1:1~1:5;银杏内酯B和催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.1~1:0.3;银杏内酯B和缩合剂的摩尔比为1:1.2~1:1.6。
进一步的,步骤①中,有机溶剂选自乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;催化剂选自4-二甲氨基吡啶或1-羟基苯并三唑;缩合剂选自1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、二环己基碳二亚胺或二异丙基碳二亚胺。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,它是以上述的式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备得到的制剂。
本发明还提供了上述的式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗和/或预防心脑血管疾病的药物中的用途。
进一步的,所述的心脑血管疾病包括高血压、脑卒中、冠心病、心律失常、心力衰竭、血脂异常、肺血管病、慢性肾脏病、外周血管病等,如心肌梗死、冠状动脉疾病、动脉粥样硬化、左主干病变、分叉病变、心绞痛、血栓、肺源性心脏病、内分泌病性心脏病、贫血性心脏病、心脏神经症、营养代谢性心脏病、主动脉瘤、下肢动脉硬化疾病、周围动脉 疾病、颅内动脉瘤、动脉硬化性动脉瘤、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中、高血脂、动脉硬化、心源性猝死、中风、血管栓塞、肺栓塞、房颤、心肌疾病、心包疾病、瓣膜病、高血压性脑病、高血压合并脑卒中、脑出血、脑血栓、脑栓塞、脑梗塞、脑动脉炎、脑动脉硬化、腔隙性梗塞、血管性痴呆、慢性肾脏病、慢性心功能不全、痛风性肾病、糖尿病肾病和/或肾功能异常。
进一步的,所述的心肌梗死为急性心肌梗死;所述的冠状动脉疾病为急性冠状动脉综合征或冠状动脉血管再通术;所述的高血压为原发性高血压;所述的中风为脑中风;所述的心律失常为室性心律失常、复杂性心律失常、遗传性心律失常或恶性心律失常。
本发明提供的式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,特别是,化合物BZ、BA、BL、BM、BD或其盐,对于预防和/或治疗高血压、脑卒中、冠心病、心律失常、心力衰竭、血脂异常、肺血管病、慢性肾脏病、外周血管病等,如心肌梗死、冠状动脉疾病、动脉粥样硬化、左主干病变、分叉病变、心绞痛、血栓、肺源性心脏病、内分泌病性心脏病、贫血性心脏病、心脏神经症、营养代谢性心脏病、主动脉瘤、下肢动脉硬化疾病、周围动脉疾病、颅内动脉瘤、动脉硬化性动脉瘤、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中、高血脂、动脉硬化、心源性猝死、中风、血管栓塞、肺栓塞、房颤、高血压性脑病、高血压合并脑卒中、脑出血、脑血栓、脑栓塞、脑梗塞、脑动脉炎、脑动脉硬化、腔隙性梗塞、血管性痴呆、慢性肾脏病、慢性心功能不全、痛风性肾病、糖尿病肾病和/或肾功能异常等心脑血管疾病具有良好的药效,为临床上预防和/或治疗心脑血管疾病提供了一种新的选择。
关于本发明的使用术语的定义:除非另有说明,本文中基团或者术语提供的初始定义适用于整篇说明书的该基团或者术语;对于本文没有具体定义的术语,应该根据公开内容和上下文,给出本领域技术人员能够给予它们的含义。
“取代”是指分子中的氢原子被其它不同的原子或分子所替换。
碳氢基团中碳原子含量的最小值和最大值通过前缀表示,例如,前缀(Ca~Cb)烷基表明任何含“a”至“b”个碳原子的烷基。因此,例如,C1~C6烷基是指包含1~6个碳原子的烷基。
术语“药学上可接受的”是指某载体、运载物、稀释剂、辅料,和/或所形成的盐通常在化学上或物理上与构成某药物剂型的其它成分相兼容,并在生理上与受体相兼容。
术语“盐”和“可药用的盐”是指上述化合物或其立体异构体,与无机和/或有机酸和碱形成的酸式和/或碱式盐,也包括两性离子盐(内盐),还包括季铵盐,例如烷基铵盐。这些盐可以是在化合物的最后分离和纯化中直接得到。也可以是通过将上述化合物,或其立体异构体,与一定数量的酸或碱适当(例如等当量)进行混合而得到。这些盐可能在溶液中形成沉淀而以过滤方法收集,或在溶剂蒸发后回收而得到,或在水介质中反应后冷冻干燥制得。本发明中所述盐可以是化合物的盐酸盐、硫酸盐、枸橼酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯磺 酸盐、乳酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢氟酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁二酸盐、草酸盐、苹果酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、三氟乙酸盐或水杨酸盐。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
1.乙酰水杨酸:成都市科龙化工试剂厂,批号2013101601
2. 3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪-2-甲酸的制备
称取10g(73.42mmol)四甲基吡嗪于250ml三颈瓶中,加入100ml水,升温至35~40℃,搅拌条件下加入11.6gKMnO4,保温反应10h。乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥后除去溶剂得浅黄色固体6.2g,收率50.82%。
3. S(+)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩[3,2-c]并吡啶-5)乙酸的制备
称取20g氯吡格雷于500ml三颈瓶中,加入150ml甲醇和100ml的2mol/L氢氧化钠搅拌溶解后加热至50℃反应1h,减压除去甲醇后加水100ml稀释,降温至0-10℃,用盐酸调至酸性后加入150ml乙酸乙酯,萃取,干燥后除去溶剂得类白色固体13.2g,收率69%
4. 2-溴甲基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪的制备
在250ml三颈瓶中依次加入川芎嗪(20.0g,0.147mol)、NBS(26.8g,0.151mol),催化剂过氧化苯甲酰(0.058g,0.232mmol)和溶剂CCl4(75.0mL),白炽灯照射,油浴升温至75℃反应10小时。过滤,除去滤液中的溶剂得浓缩物。经柱层析纯化后得淡黄色固体2-溴甲基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪15.8g,收率50%。
5. 2-(1-乙酰氧基戊基)苯甲酸的制备
将丁苯酞12.4g(65mmol)溶于盛有甲醇100mL的500mL单颈烧瓶中,加入2mol/LNaOH溶液100mL,50℃下搅拌1h,减压蒸除甲醇后加蒸馏水100mL稀释,冷却至-5℃,搅拌下用5%盐酸酸化至pH 2~3,乙醚萃取,干燥后低温除去乙醚得白色固体。向白色固体中分别加入三乙胺20mL、DMAP 2.5g和二氯甲烷200mL投入500mL三颈瓶中,-10~0℃下搅拌溶解后滴加乙酰氯11mL,保温搅拌5h。加水100mL室温搅拌0.5h,分出有机层,干燥后除去溶剂,经纯化后得白色固体6.35g,收率38.96%。
同样,3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪-2-甲酸、2-溴甲基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪、2-(1-乙酰氧 基戊基)苯甲酸也都可以通过市售购得。
实施例1、化合物BZ的制备
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000018
称取5.0g(11.78mmol)GB和2.55g(15.32mmol)3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪-2-甲酸溶于乙腈中,于冰浴中搅拌混合。然后加入0.29g(2.36mmol)4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)和3.17g(16.49mmol)1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl),冰浴条件下搅拌1小时后,混合物于20℃反应6h,旋蒸除去溶剂,用乙酸乙酯溶解粗产物,并用5%NaHCO3清洗两次,饱和氯化钠溶液清洗一次。收集有机相,干燥,过滤并浓缩,分离纯化后得白色固体BZ共2.80g,收率41.48%,HPLC纯度为99.80%。
LC-MS:573.2[M+H+],595.2[M+Na+]。
1H-NMR(DMSO,400MHz):1.02(s,9H,t-Bu),1.13-1.19(d,3H,14-Me)1.75-1.79(dd,1H,8-H),1.84-1.89(d,1H,7a-H),2.16-2.21(q,1H;7β-H),2.49-2.58(dd,6H,2CH3-pyrazine),2.76(s,3H,CH3-pyrazine),2.86-2.91(q,1H,14-H),4.15-4.18(q,1H,1-H),4.72-4.74(d,1H,2-H),5.46-5.47(d,1H,1-OH),6.33(s,1H,10-H),6.50(s,1H,6-H),6.57(s,1H,12-H),6.89-6.90(d,1H,3-OH)。
实施例2、化合物BA的制备
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000019
称取5.0g(11.78mmol)GB和2.76g(15.32mmol)乙酰水杨酸溶于乙腈中,于冰浴中搅拌混合。然后加入0.29g(2.36mmol)4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)和3.17g(16.49mmol) 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl),冰浴条件下搅拌1小时后,混合物于30℃反应4h,旋蒸除去溶剂,用乙酸乙酯溶解粗产物,并用5%NaHCO3洗涤两次,饱和氯化钠洗涤一次。收集有机相,干燥,过滤并浓缩,分离纯化后得白色固体BA共2.52g,收率36.52%,HPLC纯度为99.13%。
MS:609.16[M+Na+],C29H30NaO13
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):1.08(s,9H,t-Bu),1.24-1.26(d,3H,14-Me)1.99-2.03(dd,1H,8-H),2.16(s,3H,-CH3CO-),2.24(d,1H,7a-H),2.30-2.37(q,1H,7β-H),3.01-3.09(q,1H,14-H),4.08-4.13(q,1H,1-H),4.20-4.22(d,1H,2-H),4.63-4.67(d,1H,1-OH),5.64-5.65(s,1H,10-H),6.14(s,1H,6-H),6.21(s,1H,12-H),6.91-7.99(ddd,4H,Ar),10.03(s,1H,3-OH)。
实施例3、化合物BL的制备
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000020
称取5.0g(11.78mmol)GB和4.70g(15.32mmol)S(+)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩[3,2-c]并吡啶-5)乙酸溶于乙腈中,于冰浴中搅拌混合。然后加入0.29g(2.36mmol)4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)和3.17g(16.49mmol)1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl),冰浴条件下搅拌1小时后,混合物于25℃反应5h。旋蒸除去溶剂,用乙酸乙酯溶解粗产物,并用5%NaHCO3洗涤两次,饱和氯化钠洗涤一次。收集有机相,干燥,过滤并浓缩,分离纯化后得白色固体BL共3.46g,收率41.09%,HPLC纯度为99.58%。
LC-MS:714.3[M+H+],736.0[M+Na+]。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):1.05(s,9H,t-Bu),1.25-1.36(d,3H,14-Me)1.78-1.83(dd,1H,8-H),2.00-2.04(m,4H,-CH2CH2-),2.28-2.35(d,1H,7a-H),2.82(q,1H,7β-H),2.94-3.01(q,1H,14-H),3.86-3.87(d,2H,-CH2-),4.09(s,1H,-CHCO-),4.11-4.14(q,1H,1-H),4.17-4.18(d,1H,2-H),4.51-4.53(d,1H,1-OH),5.41-5.43(s,1H,10-H),5.43-5.45(d,1H,6-H),6.08(s,1H,12-H),6.23(s,1H,3-OH),6.67-6.69(dd,1H,-CHS-),7.15-7.18(dd,1H,-CHCHS-),7.36-7.68(m,4H,Ar)。
实施例4、化合物BM的制备
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000021
将2.0g银杏内酯B溶于50ml乙腈中,依次加入0.96g 2-溴甲基-3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪(1.2eq)、6.81g碳酸钾(10eq)及少量KI催化剂,在60℃下反应,直至原料银杏内酯B反应完毕。冷却至室温,过滤后将滤液旋蒸除去得淡黄色油状物。柱层析纯化(V石油醚:V乙酸乙酯=2:1)后得白色固体1.05g BM,收率39.92%;HPLC纯度为98.25%。
LC-MS:559.3[M+H+],581.3[M+Na+]。
1H-NMR(DMSO,400MHz):1.14(s,9H,t-Bu),1.16-1.1.20(d,3H,14-Me)1.80-1.85(dd,2H,7-H),2.15-2.8(t,1H,8-H),2.42(s,3H,-CH3),2.49-2.53(d,6H,-CH3),2.82-2.88(q,1H,14-H),4.17-4.19(d,1H,1-H),4.71-4.73(d,1H,2-H),4.94-4.98(d,1H,1-OH),5.41(s,1H,-CH2-)5.42(s,1H,10-H),5.43-5.45(d,1H,6-H),5.54(s,1H,12-H),6.23(s,1H,3-OH).
实施例5、化合物BD的制备
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000022
称取5.0g(11.78mmol)GB和3.83g(15.32mmol)2-(1-乙酰氧基戊基)苯甲酸溶于乙腈中,于冰浴中搅拌混合。然后加入0.29g(2.36mmol)4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)和3.17g(16.49mmol)1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl),冰浴条件下搅拌1小时后,混合物于25℃反应5h,旋蒸除去溶剂,用乙酸乙酯溶解粗产物,并用5%NaHCO3洗涤两次,饱和氯化钠洗涤一次。收集有机相,干燥,过滤并浓缩,分离纯化后得白色固体BD共2.90g,收率37.46%,HPLC纯度为98.14%。
LC-MS:679.2[M+Na+]。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):0.87-0.91(t,3H,-CH3),1.12(s,9H,t-Bu),1.27-1.1.29(d,3H,14-Me),1.32-1.36(dd,2H,7-H),1.45-1.49(t,1H,8-H),1.75-1.92(m,4H,-CH2CH2-),1.98(s,5H,-COCH3,-CH2CH3),2.37-2.39(q,1H,14-H),3.03-3.09(q,2H,1-H,2-H),4.37-4.39(d,1H,1-OH),4.54-4.56(d,1H,10-H),5.50-5.51(d,1H,6-H),5.89-5.94(m,1H,-CHCH2-),6.13(s,1H,12-H),6.23(s,1H,3-OH),7.32-7.38(m,2H,ArH),7.46-7.48(d,1H,ArH),7.50-7.54(d,1H,ArH).
实施例6、BZ甲磺酸盐的制备
将2.0g BZ加入50mL丙酮中,搅拌加热至40-50℃,溶清后向其慢慢滴加0.44g甲磺酸,滴加完毕后降温搅拌30min,过滤,干燥,即得BZ甲磺酸盐1.85g,收率79.06%。
实施例7、BM甲磺酸盐的制备
将0.9g BM加入30mL丙酮中,搅拌加热至40-50℃,溶清后向其慢慢滴加0.19g甲磺酸,滴加完毕后降温搅拌30min,过滤,干燥,即得BM甲磺酸盐0.82g,收率81.56%。
实施例8、BZ盐酸盐的制备
将1.0g BZ加入30mL无水乙醇中,搅拌加热至60-70℃,溶清后向其慢慢滴加氯化氢乙醇溶液(含量30-40%)直至溶液PH为3左右,滴加完毕后降温静置析晶,析出白色固体,过滤后干燥,即得BZ盐酸盐0.72g,收率67.92%。
实施例9、BM盐酸盐的制备
将1.5g BM加入50mL无水乙醇中,搅拌加热至60-70℃,溶清后向其慢慢滴加氯化氢乙醇溶液(含量30-40%)直至溶液PH为3左右,滴加完毕后降温静置析晶,析出白色固体,过滤,干燥,即得BM盐酸盐0.95g,收率59.38%。
以下用试验例的方式说明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1水溶性试验
测定方法:取样品研成细粉,定量称取目标化合物加入纯化水中,超声考察其溶解性。结果如表1所示。
表1各目标化合物在水中的溶解性
化合物 水中的溶解性(mg/mL)
银杏内酯B(GB) 0.11
BM 0.25
BM甲磺酸盐 4.20
BM盐酸盐 4.65
BZ 0.30
BZ甲磺酸盐 5.02
BZ盐酸盐 5.10
BA 0.22
BL 0.20
BD 0.25
结果表明,银杏内酯B衍生物及其盐的水溶性较银杏内酯B有明显改善。
试验例2银杏内酯B衍生物对原发性高血压降压药理试验
原发性高血压是一种遗传异质性疾病,若干有微弱效应的基因联合作用生成高血压,并受一系列环境因素的影响。高血压病的病理过程常涉及动脉血管壁增厚、心肌纤维化、左室肥大和肾血管硬化,引致高血压靶器官的损害,明显增加心脑血管事件和肾脏病的发生率和死亡率,对人类危害极大。因此,合理控制血压具有十分重要的临床意义。
自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)与人类原发性高血压有许多相似之处,包括它们的遗传特性、发病过程以及高血压并发症的发生等,所以SHR被认为是研究人类原发性高血压的最佳动物模型,已被广泛应用于高血压发病机制和抗高血压药物疗效的实验研究中。故本试验选择SHR大鼠作为试验动物。
1、试验材料
1.1试验药品:BZ、BA、BL、BM、BD、GB,纯度>98%。
1.2阳性对照药物:卡托普利片(Captopril Tablets),25mg/片,上海普康药业有限公司产品,批号:101003。
1.3试验仪器:BP-6无创动物血压测量系统(成都泰盟科技有限公司);FA1004电子分析天平(上海精密科学仪器有限公司)。
1.4试验动物:14周龄SHR大鼠112只,雌雄各半,体质量(200~250)g,由北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2007-001;相同周龄健康Wistar大鼠8只,雌雄各半,体质量(200~250)g,由南京医科大学动物中心提 供,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(苏)2008-0004。
2、试验方法
2.1动物分组及给药:取SHR大鼠112只,雌雄各半(雌性未孕),体质量200~250g,适应实验室5d,每天测血压1次,以使大鼠适应环境和检测刺激。然后称质量、编号,随机均分为14组,每组8只,即SHR大鼠模型对照组、阳性对照组(卡托普利,27mg/kg)、BZ大剂量组(120mg/kg/d)、BZ小剂量组(60mg/kg/d)、BA大剂量组(120mg/kg/d)、BA小剂量组(60mg/kg/d)、BL大剂量组(120mg/kg/d)、BL小剂量组(60mg/kg/d)、BM大剂量组(120mg/kg/d)、BM小剂量组(60mg/kg/d)、BD大剂量组(120mg/kg/d)、BD小剂量组(60mg/kg/d)、GB大剂量组(120mg/kg/d)、GB小剂量组(60mg/kg/d)。另取8只健康Wistar大鼠作为正常对照组。各药物组大鼠分别按照上述剂量灌胃给药,给药容积为1mL/100g体质量,正常对照组和SHR大鼠模型对照组大鼠灌胃等容量蒸馏水,给药时间持续8周。
2.2一般状态:观察期间,观察大鼠的精神、饮水、摄食、排便、毛色、体质量、活动度等情况。大鼠易激惹程度分为Ⅲ级:Ⅰ级指捉持大鼠颈部时无明显反应;Ⅱ级指捉持大鼠颈部时尖叫、惊跳;Ⅲ级指捉持大鼠颈部时咬人或同笼大鼠频繁打斗。
2.3血压测定:用Bp-6无创血压测量系统测定大鼠尾动脉收缩压。在大鼠安静状态下,连续测收缩压3次,取平均值作为测压结果。观察指标:①单次给药降压效果,测给药前大鼠血压、首次药后30、60、90、120min的血压情况;②连续给药降压情况,分别测定1、7、13、19、25、35、49、56d药后30min血压,每天重复测量3次,取所得平均值作为最终的血压值。
2.4数据统计方法:试验数据结果以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用SPSS15软件进行单因素方差分析检验,以P<0.05有显著性统计学意义。
3试验结果
3.1对自发性高血压大鼠一般状态的影响:正常对照组大鼠进食、饮水、活动情况均正常,反应灵敏,毛色健康有光泽,精神状态良好,未见任何异样反应;SHR大鼠模型组大鼠逐渐表现出被毛蓬松成簇无光泽,食量减少,体质量下降,精神萎靡且易怒,在给药及血压检测过程中,易出现剧烈抵抗、攻击等行为,易激惹程度大部分由Ⅰ级转变为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级;银杏内酯B及其衍生物单次给药后,各组大鼠行为学一般状态观察与模型对照组无明显差别。连续给药2周治疗后,则精神状态明显好转,情绪相对稳定,进食量明显增多,体质量增长较快。每周称取各组大鼠摄食量及体质量一次,SHR大鼠模型组进食量明显减少、体质量减轻,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);银杏内酯B及其衍生物高剂量组均可显著增加SHR大鼠进食量及体质量,与SHR大鼠模型对照组比较有显 著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),结果见表2、表3。
表2、对SHR大鼠每周进食量的影响
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000023
注:模型对照组与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
各药物组与模型对照组比较,P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01。
表3、对SHR大鼠每周体质量的影响
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000024
注:模型对照组与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
各药物组与模型对照组比较,P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01。
3.2对自发性高血压大鼠的降压效果
3.2.1单次给药对自发性高血压大鼠尾动脉收缩压的影响
实验结果显示:自发性高血压大鼠尾动脉压明显高于正常对照组,与之比较有高度显著性差异(P<0.01);各药物组单次给药30min后,即对自发性高血压大鼠有明显的降压作用,在药后各时间点,收缩压有明显降低趋势,与自发性高血压大鼠模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),降压作用可持续到药后120min,与药前血压比较,在药后30、60、90、120min等时间点亦有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),见表4。
表4、各药物组单次用药对自发性高血压大鼠尾动脉收缩压的影响(x±s,n=8)
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000025
注:模型对照组与正常对照组比较,**P<0.01;各药物组与模型对照组比较,P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01;与给药前比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
3.2.2连续给药对自发性高血压大鼠尾动脉收缩压的影响
试验结果显示:自发性高血压大鼠随着年龄的增长,血压逐渐升高,与正常对照组比较有高度显著性差异(P<0.01),在实验第7天~第56天,与实验前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);各药物组可显著抑制自发性高血压大鼠血压升高的病理进展,连续用药后,在不同时间段收缩压及舒张压均有所降低,各药物组低剂量组降压过程出现一定的波动,但高剂量组则表现出较为平稳的降压效果,与模型组比较及用药前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),见表5。
表5、各药物组连续用药8周对自发性高血压大鼠尾动脉收缩压的影响(x±s,n=8)
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-000027
注:模型对照组与正常对照组比较,**P<0.01;各药物组与模型对照组比较,P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01;与给药前比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
上述试验数据表明,银杏内酯B衍生物与银杏内酯B的高剂量组和低剂量组单次及连续给药后均能显著降低自发性高血压大鼠的血压值,有显著的降压作用。
综上所述,本发明提供的银杏内酯B衍生物及其盐,水溶性较银杏内酯B有明显改善,很好地解决了后者水溶性差、生物利用率低、药效无法充分发挥的缺陷。药效实验表明,本发明化合物对心脑血管疾病有显著的治疗作用,可用于预防和/或治疗高血压、脑卒中、冠心病、心律失常、心力衰竭、血脂异常、肺血管病、慢性肾脏病、外周血管病等,如心肌梗死、冠状动脉疾病、动脉粥样硬化、左主干病变、分叉病变、心绞痛、血栓、、肺源性心脏病、内分泌病性心脏病、贫血性心脏病、心脏神经症、营养代谢性心脏病、主动脉瘤、下肢动脉硬化疾病、周围动脉疾病、颅内动脉瘤、动脉硬化性动脉瘤、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中、高血脂、动脉硬化、运动猝死、心源性猝死、中风、低血压、血管栓塞、肺栓塞、房颤、高血压性脑病、高血压合并脑卒中、脑出血、脑血栓、脑栓塞、脑梗塞、脑动脉炎、脑动脉硬化、腔隙性梗塞、血管性痴呆、慢性肾脏病、慢性心功能不全、 痛风性肾病、糖尿病肾病和/或肾功能异常等心脑血管疾病,为临床上预防和/或治疗心脑血管疾病提供了一种新的选择。

Claims (22)

  1. 式Ⅰ或式Ⅱ所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100001
    其中,R1选自吡嗪基或取代的吡嗪基;
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100002
    其中,R2选自吡嗪基或取代的吡嗪基、苯基或取代的苯基、烷基或取代的烷基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述的化合物如式Ⅰa所示:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100003
    其中,R11、R12、R13分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅰa所示的化合物中,R11、R12、R13分别或同时选自C1~C6烷基或卤素取代的C1~C6烷基。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅰa所示 的化合物为:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100004
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述的化合物如式Ⅱa、式Ⅱb或式Ⅱc所示:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100005
    其中,R21、R22、R23分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基;
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100006
    其中,R31、R32、R33、R34、R35分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基;
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100007
    其中,R41、R42、R43、R44、R45分别或同时选自H、烷基、取代的烷基、酯基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氰基、苯基或取代的苯基。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅱa所示的化合物中,R21、R22、R23分别或同时选自C1~C6烷基或卤素取代的C1~C6烷基。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅱa所示的化合物为:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100008
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅱb所示的化合物中,R31选自酯基或酯基取代的烷基,R32、R33、R34、R35同时为H。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅱb所示的化合物中,R31选自C2~C6酯基或如式A所示的酯基取代的烷基:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100009
    其中,R311、R312分别或同时选自C2~C6酯基或C1~C6烷基,R311、R312不同时为C1~C6烷基。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅱb所示 的化合物为:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100010
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅱc所示的化合物中,R41、R42、R43、R44、R45分别或同时选自H或卤素。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:式Ⅱc所示的化合物为:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100011
  13. 根据权利要求1~12任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述药学上可接受的盐选自有机酸盐或无机酸盐。
  14. 权利要求2式Ⅰa所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
    a、将银杏内酯B溶于有机溶剂中,加入
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100012
    无机碱和催化剂,于50℃~60℃反应,得到反应液;其中,X为卤素;
    b、对步骤a所得反应液进行分离、纯化,即得式Ⅰa所示化合物。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a中,
    所述银杏内酯B与
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100013
    的摩尔比为1:1~1:5;所述银杏内酯B与无机碱的摩尔比为1:5~1:20;
    优选的,所述银杏内酯B与
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100014
    的摩尔比为1:2~1:3;所述银杏内酯B与无机碱的摩尔比为1:10~1:20。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a中,有机溶剂选自乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;无机碱选自碳酸钾、碳酸钠或碳酸铯;催化剂为碘化钾。
  17. 权利要求5式Ⅱa、式Ⅱb或式Ⅱc所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
    ①、将银杏内酯B和式Ⅴ所示化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂和缩合剂,于20℃~30℃反应4h~6h,得到反应液;
    其中,制备式Ⅱa所示化合物的式Ⅴ所示化合物为:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100015
    制备式Ⅱb所示化合物的式Ⅴ所示化合物为:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100016
    制备式Ⅱc所示化合物的式Ⅴ所示化合物为:
    Figure PCTCN2016110802-appb-100017
    ②、对步骤①所得反应液进行分离、纯化,即得式Ⅱa、式Ⅱb或式Ⅱc所示化合物。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤①中,银杏内酯B和式Ⅴ 所示化合物的摩尔比为1:1~1:5;银杏内酯B和催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.1~1:0.3;银杏内酯B和缩合剂的摩尔比为1:1.2~1:1.6。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤①中,有机溶剂选自乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;催化剂选自4-二甲氨基吡啶或1-羟基苯并三唑;缩合剂选自1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、二环己基碳二亚胺或二异丙基碳二亚胺。
  20. 一种药物组合物,其特征在于:它是以权利要求1~13任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备得到的制剂。
  21. 权利要求1~13任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗和/或预防心脑血管疾病的药物中的用途。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的用途,其特征是:所述的药物是治疗和/或预防高血压的药物。
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