WO2017037198A1

WO2017037198A1 - Document of value and/or security document with a grid

Info

Publication number: WO2017037198A1
Application number: PCT/EP2016/070656
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hanno Schabacker
Original assignee: Bundesdruckerei Gmbh
Priority date: 2015-09-02
Filing date: 2016-09-01
Publication date: 2017-03-09
Also published as: DE102015114665B4; DE102015114665A1; EP3344469B1; EP3344469A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a document of value and/or security document (100) with a halftone or duotone image (101) comprising a grid (1, 1', 1'') comprising a multiplicity of identically or similarly shaped grid elements (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f). In order to achieve a higher degree of counterfeit protection, each grid element has an inner surface (11) and an outer surface (12), wherein the outer surface (12) partially or completely surrounds the inner surface (11), and wherein - the outer surface (12) has a first colour and - the inner surface (11) of the grid element (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f) has no colour or a second colour, the brightness, colour tone and/or saturation of which is different from that of the first colour of the outer surface (12). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a document of value and/or security document of this type.

Description

Value and / or security document with a grid

The present invention relates to a value and / or security document with a halftone or duotone image comprising a grid comprising a multiplicity of identically or similarly shaped grid elements. The invention further relates to a method for producing a value and / or security document, in which a halftone or duotone image comprising a grid is printed.

Raster are used in printing technology to represent images, because in printing presses for technical reasons, only a certain, limited selection of colors available. These colors can only be printed in pure form. Thus, most printing processes can not produce true halftones per se. At one point either a color point can be printed or not. To represent different shades of gray and colors, rasters are therefore used, with the help of different hues, saturations or different brightnesses can be displayed in an image. To obtain any desired color, for example, very fine printing dots in primary colors (usually cyan, magenta, yellow and black) are printed side by side in order to achieve the desired resulting color impression.

Frequently, an amplitude-modulated dot matrix is used today to represent images, in which an image area is subdivided into a fixed number of raster cells (for example 60 raster with 60 × 60 cells per square centimeter). The variation of the color impression in such a raster takes place via the size of a point in this cell (the amplitude, see FIG. 4).

Such dot patterns are poorly suited in terms of graphics design for security technology because such dot screens are very susceptible to counterfeiting (reprint / reproduction / imitation). The object of the present invention is thus to provide a value and / or security document having a grid with a higher degree of security against counterfeiting. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to provide a simple method for producing a value and / or security document with such a grid.

The above object is achieved by a value and / or security document having the features of claim 1. In particular, the security and / or security document according to the invention has a halftone or duotone image with a grid in which each raster element of the plurality of identically or similarly shaped raster elements has an inner surface and a different outer surface, the outer surface partially or completely surrounding the inner surface and in which

• the outer surface is a visible first color and

· The inner surface of the raster element has no color or a visible second color, which is different in brightness, hue and / or saturation from the first color of the outer surface. As the same shaped raster elements are understood in the present invention raster elements that are shaped so that they can be superimposed without scaling congruent.

As similarly shaped raster elements in the present invention, such raster elements are referred to, in which at least one outline of inner or outer surface of a first raster element of two identically or similarly shaped raster elements can be imaged by scaling to the corresponding outline of the second identically or similarly shaped raster element. That is, the shapes of such (similar) raster elements are not different only in the area of the inner surface and / or the outer surface However, in the nature of the geometric shape of the inner and outer surface itself, ie in the circular ring shape, the circular shape, the square shape, the square ring shape, the hexagonal ring shape, the circular ring section shape or the like. The advantage of the inventive solution is that through the inner surface of the grid a significant refinement of the image structure is achieved, which can only be reproduced by very high-resolution output devices that are only available in security technology. Different colors or brightnesses in a halftone or duotone image can still be displayed. At the same time, such a structured grid with an inner inner surface serves as copy protection for counterfeits with photocopier / laser printers / inkjet printers, etc. Further, during scanning / copying, due to the frequency of the scanner or copier, moires / interference patterns may possibly be generated, which would be a forgery attempt Show. Depending on the resolution of the output device, the comparatively small inner surfaces can taper, for example, circular raster elements can no longer be represented, or fine contour lines can break away in the image represented by the raster. These effects also make imitation more difficult. At the same time, the displayable image content is not restricted by the invention, so that a value and / or security document or a part thereof, such as a single image or security element, completely from raster elements according to the invention, which form a grid according to the invention may be constructed. The definition of the colors in the context of the present invention in the HSB color space (h = hue (color value / hue), s = saturation, b = brightness). Analogously, of course, other color models can be used. An amplitude modulation of the raster for displaying the image content with different colors is particularly preferably achieved by changing the surface area of the outer surface and / or the surface area of the inner surface and adapting it to the respectively desired color and / or brightness tone. In the modulation, either the surface area of the inner surface or the surface area of the outer surface is particularly preferably left constant and only the surface area of the respective other surface is varied. The spacing of the raster elements, ie, for example, the distance between the center points of adjacent raster elements, remains constant. For example, with a larger surface area of the outer surface, a darker halftone is achieved, while with a smaller surface area of the outer surface, a lighter halftone is displayed when the inner surface has no color and remains constant in its surface area. In the amplitude modulation, the raster elements, as described above, are similar to each other in the geometric sense, the number of raster elements per unit area, ie their density is constant.

Alternatively, the various halftones can also be represented by means of a frequency modulation in the grid, in each case by using the same raster elements whose spacing varies. For example, with a small spacing of the raster elements and thus higher density of the raster elements per unit area, a darker halftone is displayed in the image, while a brighter halftone can be achieved with a larger spacing of the raster elements and thus lower density of the raster elements per unit area. It is also advantageous if the outer surface of the raster element is designed as a circular ring and the inner surface is arranged as a circle arranged in the circular ring. In this case, the grid element has a particularly easy to implement form. In such a form of a raster element different surface areas of the inner and outer surface for an amplitude modulation realized by different diameters of the inner circle or widths of the outer circular ring.

In further embodiments, the outer surface of the raster element may be formed as a square or rectangular ring and the inner surface as arranged in the square or rectangular ring square or rectangle. Alternatively, the outer surface of the raster element may be formed as a pentagon, hexagon or octagon ring and the inner surface as a pentagon, hexagon or octagon arranged in the pentagonal, hexagonal or octagonal ring. Further alternatively, the outer surface may be formed as an oval ring and the inner surface as arranged in the oval ring oval. These alternative shaped grid elements increase the security against counterfeiting of the grid again.

Likewise, due to the unusual shape of grid with Rasterelemen- th enhanced security against counterfeiting, where the outer surface of the inner surface only partially surrounds. Such raster elements are also referred to below as open raster elements, while closed raster elements designate the raster elements in which the outer surface completely surrounds the inner surface. For example, an open grid element may be formed by a section of a circular ring or an oval ring. With open raster elements, the outer surface has an opening in the region in which the outer surface does not enclose the inner surface. The angle of the opening, which can be measured from a center of the grid element, is preferably less than 180 °, more preferably between 120 ° and 60 °, otherwise on the one hand, the area coverage with color is too low and on the other hand, the opening angle in the print difficult to realize is. If the inner surface also carries a color, it may also have an opening in the angular range of the opening of the outer surface. In the grid according to the invention, the opening of the outer surface preferably points in the same direction. Alternatively, alternately different opening directions tions of the raster elements are used. Such an open grid element can be realized analogously with other basic shapes of the grid elements (squares, rectangles, pentagons, etc.). The use of the above-described amplitude modulation or frequency modulation for representing different colors in the image can be carried out for open raster elements analogously to the use with closed raster elements.

Further, in the case of open or closed raster elements, particularly when a color is used also in the inner surface (i.e., in a duotone raster), an overlap area between inner and outer surfaces may be created which carries a mixed color of the outer surface color and the inner surface color. This overlapping area can also be varied within the scope of the amplitude modulation in its area. Alternatively, the overlap region can be kept constant in its surface area, in particular in the case of frequency modulation or when in the amplitude modulation only the surface area of the outer surface is changed. It influences the perceived color of the image in addition to the inner surface and the outer surface. According to the invention, a halftone or duotone image comprises a grid as described above. For a multi-tone image having more than two colors, the raster elements described above may be printed side by side in cells of the image. Such a picture has a higher security against counterfeiting and can therefore serve as security element for the value and / or security document according to the invention such as banknote, passport, ID card, chip card, ticket, check or the like. It can be used advantageously in particular in safety vacuum.

In a simple method for producing a security and / or security document, a halftone or duotone image is used as security in accordance with the invention. unit realized in that a grid with increased security against forgery including a plurality of the same or similar shaped grid elements is printed on a support or an inner layer, each grid element having an inner surface and an outer surface, the outer surface of the inner surface partially or completely surrounds and

• the outer surface is a first color and

The inner surface of the raster element has no color or a second color which is different in brightness, hue and / or saturation from the first color of the outer surface.

The raster elements are preferably arranged so that an image (halftone or duotone image) is represented by the totality of all raster elements.

For amplitude modulation of the grid, in the method according to the invention, the surface area of the outer surface and / or the surface area of the inner surface are varied according to the desired color, with the raster elements having the same spacing. Alternatively, of course, a frequency modulation with the grid according to the invention can be realized by the distance between the same raster elements is varied with the inventive form described above depending on the desired color.

The spacing of the raster elements can be determined, for example, based on the distance between the center points of the raster elements or the side edges of the raster elements. For example, distances of the center points of adjacent raster elements in the range from 370 μm to 560 μm, preferably from 400 μm to 450 μm, may lie. The distance between the side edges of the raster elements can be, for example, 78 to 96 μm, preferably 80 to 86 μm. Such rasters have a high security against counterfeiting due to the density of the raster elements and allow an appealing display of images. The diameter of the inner surface of the raster elements is preferably in the range of 80 μιτι to 140 μιτι, particularly preferably in the range of 80 μιτι to 100 μιτι. The width of the outer surface, for example the ring width of the outer circular ring, is preferably in the range of 40 μιτι to 180 μιτι, particularly preferably in the range of 40 μιτι to 130 μιτι. With such a size of the raster elements, it is possible to realize attractive images with a degree of fineness which guarantees a high degree of protection against counterfeiting, and the images can also be implemented by printing technology. For printing, a printing original or printing form having a surface structure is achieved according to the invention, which is used for printing a grid described above for producing a printed image according to the invention. In this case, the grid can also be realized by a plurality of print templates or printing forms, which are used successively for printing. The outer and the inner surface of each raster element represent, for example, either elevations or depressions in the printing form.

The invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments and with reference to the figures. All described and / or illustrated features alone or in any combination form the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their back references.

They show schematically:

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a grid according to the invention in a view from above

Fig. 2 is a first grid element of the grid of FIG. 1 in a

View from above Fig. 3 is a second raster element of the grid of FIG. 1 in a view from above, Fig. 4 is a halftone image with a grid according to the prior

Technology,

5 shows a first embodiment of a halftone image according to the invention in a view from above,

6 shows a second embodiment of a grid according to the invention in a view from above,

7 is a raster element of the grid of FIG. 6 in a view from above,

8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a duotone image according to the invention in a view from above, FIG. 9 shows a section of the duotone image according to FIG. 8, FIG.

10 shows a third embodiment of a grid according to the invention in a view from above, Fig. 1 1, a first grid element of the grid of FIG. 10 in a

View from above,

FIG. 12 is a second grid element of the grid according to FIG. 10 in one

View from above and 13 shows an inventive value and / or security document in a view from above.

FIG. 13 shows a security and / or security document 100 according to the invention, for example a banknote, passport, ID card, chip card, ticket, check or the like. The security and / or security document has a carrier made of a paper and / or plastic material, onto which a halftone or duotone image 101 is printed or otherwise applied as a security element, for example lasered or lasered-on. The halftone or duotone image may also be printed on or otherwise applied to an interior layer of a multi-layered security and / or security document. The halftone or duotone image 101 in each case comprises a grid, which is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 12 in various exemplary embodiments. The first exemplary embodiment of a grid 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a multiplicity of raster elements 10, the raster 1 being an amplitude-modulated raster, in which exactly one raster element 10 is arranged in each raster cell. Each raster element 10 is composed of an annular colored or black outer surface 1 1 and a non-colored or white inner surface 12 arranged in the outer surface 11, which has the shape of a circle.

Figures 2 and 3 each show a grid element 10a and 10b from different areas of the grid 1, wherein the inner surface 1 1 each have the same diameter di (eg di = 80 μιτι) and thus has the same surface area. 2 has a smaller ring width Bi (eg Bi = 80 μιτι) than the grid element 10b of FIG. 3, the ring width in the drawing with B ₂ (eg B ₂ = 160 μιτι) marked is. The outer surface 12 of the raster element shown in Fig. 3 thus has a larger surface area and generates dem- a region of lesser brightness or a more strongly colored region (see the area at the top of the grid 1 of FIG. 1) at a location of an image produced from the grid than the grid element 10a shown in FIG. 2 (see the area below in the grid 1 of FIG . 1 ). The different gradations, such as gray scale, are, as explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, achieved by modulation of the contour thickness (area or width of the annulus) of the outer surface 12 forming the annulus. Alternatively, the diameter di of the inner surface 1 1 can be varied while the width Bi or B _{2 of} the circular ring of the outer surface 12 remains the same. An above-described frequency modulation for displaying half-tones is also possible.

An image with such gray shades by amplitude-modulated grid elements according to the invention in the form of a circular ring with a circular inner surface, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, is shown in FIG. For example, the annular outer surface of the raster elements has a smaller width in the region H of the white part of the eyeball of the eyes of the person shown than in the region D on the outer dark edge of the eyelid.

In a counterfeiting attempt of a value and / or security document with such a raster, for example by means of a scanner, photocopier, laser printer or inkjet printer, moire structures or interference patterns are generated due to the frequency of these devices, which reveal the forgery. Furthermore, the inner surfaces 1 1 run depending on the resolution of the output device, so that no inner surface 1 1 can be seen more, ie fine circles (eg Bi) are no longer displayed, or it disappear fine contour lines of the image, so that the fake, trailing representation not the original corresponds to what can be detected for example by means of a magnifying glass. Alternatively, as raster elements analogous to the above Kreisbzw. Ring-raster elements also square or Quadratring- raster elements, rectangular or rectangular ring raster elements and pentagonal or pentagonal annular raster elements are used.

FIG. 6 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a grid V according to the invention, namely a duotone grid. The shape of the raster elements 10c is analogous to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5. Unlike the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the circular inner surface 11 of the raster element 10 now also has a (second) color with the first color of the annular outer surface 12 in an overlap region 13 results in a mixed color. The color of the inner surface is, for example, PMS 185 U (red), while the color of the outer surface 12 is, for example, PMS 320 U (blue). Accordingly, the color of the overlap area 13 is a mixture of PMS 185 U and PMS 320 U.

In this embodiment, the color effect or the color impression in each case by the color and the surface areas of the inner surface 1 1, the outer surface 12 and the overlap region 13 is determined. In order to shift the color effect in the direction of the color of the inner surface 1 1, the inner surface 1 1, which is circular, increases in relation to the surface area of the outer surface 12, ie the diameter di (here, for example di = 80 μιτι and d2 = 1 10th μιτι) of the inner surface 1 1 forming circle is increased. With an emphasis on the color of the outer surface of the surface area of the outer surface 12, ie, the width B ₃ (here, for example, B3 = 65 μιτι), increased. When such a grid V is printed, first the first color forming the outer surface 12 is printed, and then the halftone dots of the second color, which form the inner surface 11, are printed. The outer surface 12 forming circular ring here has the width B ₃ of eg 65 μιτι. The overlapping area 13 can here have a width of have (c_2 - di) / 2 = Βι - B3 = 15 μηη. Example values are d1 = 80 μm, d2 = 1 μm, B1 = 80 μm, B3 = 65 μm, wide overlap area 13 = 15 μm.

An example of a duotone image with such raster elements is shown in FIG. 8. Fig. 9 shows a section of the image in which the grid used and corresponding to the individual grid elements are shown in more detail.

Alternatively, such a raster for a duotone image can of course also be designed as a frequency-modulated raster.

The rasters shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 9 use closed raster elements. 10 to 12, on the other hand, a grid 1 "is shown with open grid elements 10. In this case, the grid elements 10e, 10f shown in FIGS.1 1 and 12 correspond to the grid elements 10a and 10b of FIGS The outer surface 12 is not completely closed, and the outer surface 12 does not completely enclose the inner surface 11 and forms a circular ring section, and has an opening angle α of approximately 90.degree .. The dimensions d1, B1, B2 also correspond Due to the opening angle in the raster element, the raster elements 10a and 10b have the same effect, namely the representation of different shades of gray. Alternatively, different opening directions can be used, for example, a first raster elements one downwardly facing opening and the adjacent grid element have an upwardly facing opening, etc.

For producing a value and / or security document shown in FIG. 13, a printing original or a printing form having a surface structure is produced. which is used to produce a halftone or duotone image as described above. By means of the printing forme, a halftone or duotone image is printed on a support or an inner layer of a value and / or security document made of a paper and / or plastic material in a known manner using a printing press. For this example, high-pressure or gravure printing and offset printing can be used. Alternatively, such a halftone or duotone image may be lasered into a support or layer by known laser techniques.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 \ 1 "grid

10, 10a, 10b, 10c grid element

10e, 10f grid element

1 1 inner surface

12 outer surface

13 overlap area

100 value and / or security document

101 Halftone or duotone image

di, d ₂ Diameter of the inner surface 1 1, im

Case of 02 including overlap area 13

Βι, B2, B3 width of the outer surface 12 designed as a circular ring, in the

Case of B ₃ without overlap area 13

H, D area of the picture

opening angle

Claims

claims

1 . Value and / or security document (100) with a halftone or duotone image (101) comprising a grid (1, 1 ', 1 ") comprising a multiplicity of identically or similarly shaped grid elements (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f ), characterized in that each grid element has an inner surface (1 1) and an outer surface (12), wherein the outer surface (12) surrounds the inner surface (1 1) partially or completely and wherein

• the outer surface (12) a first color and

· The inner surface (1 1) of the raster element (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f) has no color or a second color which differs from the first color of the outer surface in terms of its brightness, hue and / or saturation ( 12).

2. Value and / or security document according to claim 1, characterized in that an amplitude modulation of the grid (1, 1 ', 1 ") by a change in the surface area of the outer surface (12) and / or by a change in the surface area of the inner surface ( 1 1), wherein the grid elements each have the same distance.

3. value and / or security document according to claim 1, characterized in that a frequency modulation of the grid (1, 1 ', 1 ") consists in that the spacing of the grid elements is varied.

4. value and / or security document according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface (12) of the raster element as a circular ring and the inner surface (1 1) is formed as arranged in the circular ring circle.

5. security and / or security document according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface of the Rasterele- element is designed as a square or rectangular ring and the inner surface as arranged in the square or rectangular ring square or rectangle.

6. security and / or security document according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface of the raster element as a pentagon, hexagon or octagon ring and the inner surface as arranged in the pentagon, hexagon or octagon ring pentagon, hexagon or octagon formed is.

7. security and / or security document according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface is formed as an oval ring and the inner surface arranged in the annulus oval.

8. value and / or security document according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface (12) of the raster element (10e, 10f) as a portion of a circular ring or an oval ring and the inner surface (1 1) formed as a circle or oval is.

9. value and / or security document according to claim 8, characterized in that an opening angle (a) of the portion of the circular ring or the oval ring is less than 180 °, preferably between 60 ° and 120 °.

10. security and / or security document according to any one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the openings of the outer surface of all raster elements each pointing in the same direction or alternately in different directions.

1 1. Method for producing a value and / or security document (100), wherein a halftone or duotone image (101) comprising a grid (1, 1 ', 1 ") comprising a multiplicity of identically or similarly shaped grid elements (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f), characterized in that each raster element (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f) has an inner surface (11) and an outer surface (12), the outer surface (12) forming the Inner surface (1 1) partially or completely surrounds and where

• the outer surface (12) a first color and

• the inner surface (1 1) of the raster element (10, 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, 10 e, 10 f) has no color or a second color, which in terms of their

Brightness, its hue and / or its saturation is different from the first color of the outer surface (12).

12. The method according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the grid (1, 1 ', 1 ") has an amplitude modulation in which the area of the

Outside surface (12) and / or the surface area of the inner surface (1 1) is changed.

13. The method of claim 1 1, characterized in that the grid has a frequency modulation in which the spacing of the raster elements is varied.