WO2017009532A1 - Method and apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017009532A1
WO2017009532A1 PCT/FI2016/050508 FI2016050508W WO2017009532A1 WO 2017009532 A1 WO2017009532 A1 WO 2017009532A1 FI 2016050508 W FI2016050508 W FI 2016050508W WO 2017009532 A1 WO2017009532 A1 WO 2017009532A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
section
conduit
flow
fluid sample
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2016/050508
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mika Salonen
Lauri KÖRESAAR
Kari Saloheimo
Matti KONGAS
Arto OLLIKAINEN
Original Assignee
Outotec (Finland) Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Outotec (Finland) Oy filed Critical Outotec (Finland) Oy
Priority to CN201690001074.XU priority Critical patent/CN208000272U/en
Priority to RU2018103050U priority patent/RU183650U1/en
Priority to BR112018000576A priority patent/BR112018000576A2/en
Priority to AU2016294460A priority patent/AU2016294460A1/en
Publication of WO2017009532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017009532A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4338—Mixers with a succession of converging-diverging cross-sections, i.e. undulating cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/60—Pump mixers, i.e. mixing within a pump
    • B01F25/64—Pump mixers, i.e. mixing within a pump of the centrifugal-pump type, i.e. turbo-mixers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0243—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows having a through-hole enabling the optical element to fulfil an additional optical function, e.g. a mirror or grating having a throughhole for a light collecting or light injecting optical fiber
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/44—Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/44—Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry
    • G01J3/4406—Fluorescence spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/443—Emission spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
    • G01N2001/2007—Flow conveyors
    • G01N2001/2021—Flow conveyors falling under gravity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N2021/8592—Grain or other flowing solid samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
    • G01N21/67—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
    • G01N21/69—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence specially adapted for fluids, e.g. molten metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids as defined in the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids as defined in the preamble of independent claim 12.
  • Atomic/optical emission spectroscopy is a method to measure the presence or quantity of an element in a sample.
  • a source for electromagnetic energy such as a laser
  • plasma is induced in the sample and electrons in an element are excited to a higher level, and as the electrons decay back to a lower energy level they emit photons at a characteristic wavelength.
  • Light i.e. photons emitted by the plasma are received and analyzed in a spectroscopy system.
  • the wavelength is proportional to the energy difference between the exited state and the state it decays to.
  • the measured intensity is proportional to the concentration of the measured element in the plasma, the atomic parameters of the measured transition including the transition probability and the energy of the excited state, and parameter of the plasma including electron density and temperature.
  • Atomic/optical emission spectroscopy can for example be used for to measure the presence or quantity of an element / elements in a fluid sample flow.
  • a problem in electromagnetic energy assisted spectroscopy of fluids is that if the components of the fluid are not evenly distributed in the fluid when the actual measuring is performed, the performed measurement of elemental concentrations of the fluid does not represent the actual elemental concentrations of the fluid.
  • the object of the invention is to provide to solve the above-identified problem.
  • the apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids of the invention is correspondingly characterized by the definitions of independent claim 12.
  • the method and the apparatus make it possible to produce a representative fluid sample flow of the fluid flowing in the conduit i.e. a fluid sample flow, where components of the fluid flow are evenly distributed in the fluid sample flow.
  • the invention is based on changing the flow velocity of the fluid flow to create turbulence in the fluid flow to even out particle distribution in the fluid flow.
  • Figure 1 shows in part a first embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
  • Figure 2 shows in part a second embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator comprising one throttling element,
  • Figure 3 shows in part a third embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator comprising two throttling elements,
  • Figure 4 shows in part a fourth embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
  • Figure 5 shows in part a fifth embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
  • Figure 6 shows in part a sixth embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
  • Figure 7 shows in part a seventh embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
  • Figure 8 shows the function principle of a first embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit
  • Figure 9 shows the function principle of a second embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit
  • Figure 10 shows the function principle of a third embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit
  • Figure 11 shows the function principle of a fourth embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit.
  • the invention relates to a method for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids and to an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids
  • the method can for example be implemented in an Arc spark optical emission spectroscopy (OES) apparatus as shown in figure 6, in a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) apparatus as shown in figures 1 to 3, and 5, in a Raman Spectroscopy apparatus as shown in figure 4, in a X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) apparatus, and in a X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) apparatus as shown in figure 7.
  • OES Arc spark optical emission spectroscopy
  • LIF Laser Induced Fluorescence
  • XRF X-Ray Fluorescence
  • XRD X-Ray Diffraction
  • the apparatus can be an Arc Spark optical emission spectroscopy (OES) apparatus as shown in figure 6, a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) apparatus as shown in figures 1 to 3, and 5, a Raman Spectroscopy apparatus as shown in figure 4, a X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) apparatus, or a X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) apparatus as shown in figure 7.
  • OES Arc Spark optical emission spectroscopy
  • LIF Laser Induced Fluorescence
  • XRF X-Ray Fluorescence
  • XRD X-Ray Diffraction
  • the method comprises conducting a fluid sample flow 1 in a conduit 2 having an inclined conduit section 3.
  • the conduit 2 limits a flow channel 4 for the fluid sample flow.
  • the method comprises conducting at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards from an outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 to a flow cell 6 configured to receive at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 from the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 and configured to release said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 so that said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 flows through the flow cell 6.
  • the method comprises applying electromagnetic energy 7 from a source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto a surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 to induce plasma 10 in the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6.
  • the method comprises receiving light 11 emitted by the plasma 10 and analyzing the light 11 emitted by the plasma 10 in a spectroscopy system 12.
  • the method comprises providing the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 upstream of the outlet 5 with a turbulence generator 13 to change the cross section of the flow channel 4 of the conduit 2.
  • the method comprises providing the turbulence generator 13 at a distance from the outlet 5.
  • the method may comprise using in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 upstream of the turbulence generator 13 a first conduit element 14 limiting a first flow channel section 15 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 33 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
  • the method may comprise using in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5 a second conduit element 16 limiting a second flow channel section 17 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 40 mm, preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
  • the turbulence generator 13 may comprise at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 upstream of the turbulence generator 13, and wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm , larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
  • the turbulence generator 13 may comprise at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5, and wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm , larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
  • the method may include providing the turbulence generator 13 between 25 and 300 mm from the outlet 5 as measured in the direction the fluid flow.
  • the source for electromagnetic energy can for example be used a laser such as a Nd:YAG laser, an arc spark generator, and a X-ray tube or source.
  • a laser such as a Nd:YAG laser, an arc spark generator, and a X-ray tube or source.
  • the method may include, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, separating by means of separation element 22 that is arranged at the outlet 5 a portion of the fluid sample flow 1 flowing in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 to generate a part of the fluid sample flow 1, and guiding said part of the fluid sample flow 1 through the outlet 5 by means of separation element 22.
  • the method may include, as shown in figure 5, conducting the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards from outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 to a flow cell 6 by conducting the fluid sample flow 1 that flows in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 from the outlet 5 against a vertical wall member 23 that is in fluid connection with the flow cell 6, and conducting the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards to the flow cell 6 along the vertical wall member 23.
  • the method includes preferably, but not necessarily, arranging the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 inclined at an inclination angle A with respect to a horizontal plane that is between 20 and 75°.
  • the method includes preferably, but not necessarily applying electromagnetic energy 7 from the source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at such distance vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which distance is required for forming a vertical fluid sample flow 1 of the fluid sample flow flowing from the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2. This distance is in part dependent on the size of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
  • the method includes preferably, but not necessarily applying electromagnetic energy 7 from the source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
  • the method includes preferably, but not necessarily applying electromagnetic energy 7 from the source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below a point of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which said point is the most upstream point of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
  • said point is the point is the point in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, where fluid sample starts to flow out of the outlet 5 in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2
  • the apparatus comprising a conduit 2 configured to conduct a fluid sample flow 1, wherein the conduit 2 having an inclined conduit section 3, wherein the conduit 2 limits a flow channel 4 for the fluid sample flow 1.
  • the apparatus comprising a flow cell 6 in fluid connection with an outlet 5 the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 and configured to receive at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 is configured to flow in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 from the outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 and configured to release said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 so that said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 flows through the flow cell 6,
  • the apparatus comprising a source 8 of electromagnetic energy for applying electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 to induce plasma 10 in the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6, and
  • the apparatus comprising a spectroscopy system 12 for receiving light 11 emitted by the plasma 10 and for analyzing the light 11 emitted by the plasma 10.
  • the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 comprises a turbulence generator 13 upstream of the outlet 5.
  • the turbulence generator 13 is configured to change the cross section of the conduit 2.
  • the turbulence generator 13 is arranged at a distance from the outlet 5.
  • the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 upstream of the turbulence generator 13 may comprise a first conduit element 14 limiting a first flow channel section 15 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 33 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
  • the turbulence generator 13 may comprise at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 upstream of the turbulence generator 13, and so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
  • the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 can between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5 comprise a second conduit element 16 limiting a second flow channel section 17 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 40 mm, preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
  • the turbulence generator 13 may comprises at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5, and so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
  • the distance between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5 as measured in the direction the fluid flow may be between 25 and 300 mm.
  • the source for electromagnetic energy may comprise: a laser such as a Nd:YAG laser, an arc spark generator, and a X-ray tube or source
  • the apparatus may comprise, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 6, a separation element 22 arranged at the outlet 5, wherein by the separation element 22 being configured to separate a portion of the fluid sample flow 1 from the fluid sample flow 1 and to guide said portion of the fluid sample flow 1 through the outlet 5 so that the said portion of the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards to the flow cell 6.
  • the apparatus may comprise, as shown in figure 5, a vertical wall member 23 arranged at the outlet 5, wherein the vertical wall member 23 being configured to conduct the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards from outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 so that the sample flow vertically downwards to the flow cell 6 along the vertical wall member 23.
  • the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 may be inclined at an inclination angle A with respect to a horizontal plane that is between 20 and 75°.
  • the source 8 of electromagnetic energy may be arranged to apply electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that is configured to flow through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which distance is required for forming a vertical fluid sample flow 1 of the fluid sample flow flowing from the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2. This distance is in part dependent on the size of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
  • the source 8 of electromagnetic energy may be arranged to apply electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that is configured to flow through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
  • the source 8 of electromagnetic energy may be arranged to apply electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that is configured to flow through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which said point is the most upstream point of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
  • said point is the point is the point in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, where fluid sample starts to flow out of the outlet 5 in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids. The method comprising conducting a fluid sample flow (1) in a conduit (2) having an inclined conduit section (3), wherein the conduit (2) limits a flow channel (4) for the fluid flow, conducting at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) vertically downwards from an outlet (5) of the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) to a flow cell (6). The method comprises providing the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) upstream of the outlet (5) with a turbulence generator (13) to change the cross section of the flow channel (4) of the conduit (2), and by providing the turbulence generator (13) at a distance from the outlet (5).

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF FLUIDS
Field of the invention
The invention relates to a method for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids as defined in the preamble of independent claim 1.
The invention also relates to an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids as defined in the preamble of independent claim 12.
Atomic/optical emission spectroscopy is a method to measure the presence or quantity of an element in a sample. By means of a source for electromagnetic energy such as a laser, plasma is induced in the sample and electrons in an element are excited to a higher level, and as the electrons decay back to a lower energy level they emit photons at a characteristic wavelength. Light i.e. photons emitted by the plasma are received and analyzed in a spectroscopy system. The wavelength is proportional to the energy difference between the exited state and the state it decays to. The measured intensity is proportional to the concentration of the measured element in the plasma, the atomic parameters of the measured transition including the transition probability and the energy of the excited state, and parameter of the plasma including electron density and temperature.
Atomic/optical emission spectroscopy can for example be used for to measure the presence or quantity of an element / elements in a fluid sample flow.
A problem in electromagnetic energy assisted spectroscopy of fluids is that if the components of the fluid are not evenly distributed in the fluid when the actual measuring is performed, the performed measurement of elemental concentrations of the fluid does not represent the actual elemental concentrations of the fluid.
Objective of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide to solve the above-identified problem.
Short description of the invention
The method for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids of the invention is characterized by the definitions of independent claim 1.
Preferred embodiments of the method are defined in the dependent claims 2 to 11.
The apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids of the invention is correspondingly characterized by the definitions of independent claim 12.
Preferred embodiments of the apparatus are defined in the dependent claims 13 to 22.
The method and the apparatus make it possible to produce a representative fluid sample flow of the fluid flowing in the conduit i.e. a fluid sample flow, where components of the fluid flow are evenly distributed in the fluid sample flow. The invention is based on changing the flow velocity of the fluid flow to create turbulence in the fluid flow to even out particle distribution in the fluid flow.
List of figures
In the following the invention will described in more detail by referring to the figures, of which
Figure 1 shows in part a first embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
Figure 2 shows in part a second embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator comprising one throttling element,
Figure 3 shows in part a third embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator comprising two throttling elements,
Figure 4 shows in part a fourth embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
Figure 5 shows in part a fifth embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
Figure 6 shows in part a sixth embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
Figure 7 shows in part a seventh embodiment of an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, wherein the apparatus has a conduit provided with a turbulence generator,
Figure 8 shows the function principle of a first embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit,
Figure 9 shows the function principle of a second embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit,
Figure 10 shows the function principle of a third embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit, and
Figure 11 shows the function principle of a fourth embodiment of a turbulence generator arranged in a conduit.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention relates to a method for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids and to an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids
The method can for example be implemented in an Arc spark optical emission spectroscopy (OES) apparatus as shown in figure 6, in a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) apparatus as shown in figures 1 to 3, and 5, in a Raman Spectroscopy apparatus as shown in figure 4, in a X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) apparatus, and in a X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) apparatus as shown in figure 7.
Correspondingly, the apparatus can be an Arc Spark optical emission spectroscopy (OES) apparatus as shown in figure 6, a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) apparatus as shown in figures 1 to 3, and 5, a Raman Spectroscopy apparatus as shown in figure 4, a X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) apparatus, or a X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) apparatus as shown in figure 7.
First the method for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids and some preferred embodiments and variants of the method will be described in greater detail.
The method comprises conducting a fluid sample flow 1 in a conduit 2 having an inclined conduit section 3. The conduit 2 limits a flow channel 4 for the fluid sample flow.
The method comprises conducting at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards from an outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 to a flow cell 6 configured to receive at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 from the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 and configured to release said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 so that said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 flows through the flow cell 6.
The method comprises applying electromagnetic energy 7 from a source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto a surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 to induce plasma 10 in the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6.
The method comprises receiving light 11 emitted by the plasma 10 and analyzing the light 11 emitted by the plasma 10 in a spectroscopy system 12.
The method comprises providing the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 upstream of the outlet 5 with a turbulence generator 13 to change the cross section of the flow channel 4 of the conduit 2.
The method comprises providing the turbulence generator 13 at a distance from the outlet 5.
The method may comprise using in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 upstream of the turbulence generator 13 a first conduit element 14 limiting a first flow channel section 15 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 33 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
The method may comprise using in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5 a second conduit element 16 limiting a second flow channel section 17 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 40 mm, preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
The turbulence generator 13 that is provided may comprise at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 upstream of the turbulence generator 13, and wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm , larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
The turbulence generator 13 that is provided may comprise at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5, and wherein the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm , larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
The method may include providing the turbulence generator 13 between 25 and 300 mm from the outlet 5 as measured in the direction the fluid flow.
In the method as the source for electromagnetic energy can for example be used a laser such as a Nd:YAG laser, an arc spark generator, and a X-ray tube or source.
The method may include, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, separating by means of separation element 22 that is arranged at the outlet 5 a portion of the fluid sample flow 1 flowing in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 to generate a part of the fluid sample flow 1, and guiding said part of the fluid sample flow 1 through the outlet 5 by means of separation element 22.
The method may include, as shown in figure 5, conducting the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards from outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 to a flow cell 6 by conducting the fluid sample flow 1 that flows in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 from the outlet 5 against a vertical wall member 23 that is in fluid connection with the flow cell 6, and conducting the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards to the flow cell 6 along the vertical wall member 23.
The method includes preferably, but not necessarily, arranging the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 inclined at an inclination angle A with respect to a horizontal plane that is between 20 and 75°.
The method includes preferably, but not necessarily applying electromagnetic energy 7 from the source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at such distance vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which distance is required for forming a vertical fluid sample flow 1 of the fluid sample flow flowing from the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2. This distance is in part dependent on the size of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
The method includes preferably, but not necessarily applying electromagnetic energy 7 from the source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
The method includes preferably, but not necessarily applying electromagnetic energy 7 from the source 8 of electromagnetic energy onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below a point of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which said point is the most upstream point of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2. In other words, said point is the point is the point in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, where fluid sample starts to flow out of the outlet 5 in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2
Next the apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids and some preferred embodiments and variants of the apparatus will be described in greater detail.
The apparatus comprising a conduit 2 configured to conduct a fluid sample flow 1, wherein the conduit 2 having an inclined conduit section 3, wherein the conduit 2 limits a flow channel 4 for the fluid sample flow 1.
The apparatus comprising a flow cell 6 in fluid connection with an outlet 5 the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 and configured to receive at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 is configured to flow in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 from the outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 and configured to release said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 so that said at least a part of the fluid sample flow 1 flows through the flow cell 6,
The apparatus comprising a source 8 of electromagnetic energy for applying electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6 to induce plasma 10 in the fluid sample flow 1 that flows through the flow cell 6, and The apparatus comprising a spectroscopy system 12 for receiving light 11 emitted by the plasma 10 and for analyzing the light 11 emitted by the plasma 10.
The inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 comprises a turbulence generator 13 upstream of the outlet 5. The turbulence generator 13 is configured to change the cross section of the conduit 2.
The turbulence generator 13 is arranged at a distance from the outlet 5.
The inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 upstream of the turbulence generator 13 may comprise a first conduit element 14 limiting a first flow channel section 15 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 33 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
The turbulence generator 13 may comprise at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the first flow channel section 15 of the flow channel 4 upstream of the turbulence generator 13, and so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
The inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 can between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5 comprise a second conduit element 16 limiting a second flow channel section 17 forming a part of the flow channel 4, wherein the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 40 mm, preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
The turbulence generator 13 may comprises at least one throttling element 18 limiting a third flow channel section 19 forming a part of the flow channel 4, so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having a round cross section having at a first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the second flow channel section 17 of the flow channel 4 between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5, and so that the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 limited by the throttling element 18 having at a first upstream end 21 of the throttling element 18 an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section 19 of the flow channel 4 at the first downstream end 20 of the throttling element 18.
The distance between the turbulence generator 13 and the outlet 5 as measured in the direction the fluid flow may be between 25 and 300 mm.
The source for electromagnetic energy may comprise: a laser such as a Nd:YAG laser, an arc spark generator, and a X-ray tube or source
The apparatus may comprise, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 6, a separation element 22 arranged at the outlet 5, wherein by the separation element 22 being configured to separate a portion of the fluid sample flow 1 from the fluid sample flow 1 and to guide said portion of the fluid sample flow 1 through the outlet 5 so that the said portion of the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards to the flow cell 6.
The apparatus may comprise, as shown in figure 5, a vertical wall member 23 arranged at the outlet 5, wherein the vertical wall member 23 being configured to conduct the fluid sample flow 1 vertically downwards from outlet 5 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 so that the sample flow vertically downwards to the flow cell 6 along the vertical wall member 23.
The inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2 may be inclined at an inclination angle A with respect to a horizontal plane that is between 20 and 75°.
The source 8 of electromagnetic energy may be arranged to apply electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that is configured to flow through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which distance is required for forming a vertical fluid sample flow 1 of the fluid sample flow flowing from the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2. This distance is in part dependent on the size of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
The source 8 of electromagnetic energy may be arranged to apply electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that is configured to flow through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
The source 8 of electromagnetic energy may be arranged to apply electromagnetic energy 7 onto the surface 9 of the fluid sample flow 1 that is configured to flow through the flow cell 6 at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, which said point is the most upstream point of the outlet 5 in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2. In other words, said point is the point is the point in the flow channel 4 of the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2, where fluid sample starts to flow out of the outlet 5 in the inclined conduit section 3 of the conduit 2.
It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that as technology advanced, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are therefore not restricted to the above examples, but they may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

Claims
1. A method for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, comprising
conducting a fluid sample flow (1) in a conduit (2) having an inclined conduit section (3), wherein the conduit (2) limits a flow channel (4) for the fluid flow,
conducting at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) vertically downwards from an outlet (5) of the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) to a flow cell (6) configured to receive at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) that flows in the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) from the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) and configured to release said at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) so that said at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) flows through the flow cell (6),
applying electromagnetic energy (7) from a source (8) of electromagnetic energy onto a surface (9) of the fluid sample flow (1) that flows through the flow cell (6) to induce plasma (10) in the fluid sample flow (1) that flows through the flow cell (6), and
receiving light (11) emitted by the plasma (10) and analyzing light (11) emitted by the plasma (10) in a spectroscopy system (12),
characterized
by providing the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) upstream of the outlet (5) with a turbulence generator (13) to change the cross section of the flow channel (4) of the conduit (2), and
by providing the turbulence generator (13) at a distance from the outlet (5).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized
by using in the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit upstream of the turbulence generator (13) a first conduit element (14) limiting a first flow channel section (15) forming a part of the flow channel (4), wherein the first flow channel section (15) of the flow channel (4) having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 33 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized
by the turbulence generator (13) that is provided comprises at least one throttling element
(18) limiting a third flow channel section (19) forming a part of the flow channel (4),
wherein the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having a round cross section having at a first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the first flow channel section (15) of the flow channel (4) upstream of the turbulence generator (13),
and wherein the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having at a first upstream end (21) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) at the first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18).
4. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized
by using in the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) between the turbulence generator (13) and the outlet (5) a second conduit element (16) limiting a second flow channel section (17) forming a part of the flow channel (4), wherein the second flow channel section (17) of the flow channel (4) having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 40 mm, preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized
by the turbulence generator (13) that is provided comprises at least one throttling element (18) limiting a third flow channel section (19) forming a part of the flow channel (4),
wherein the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having a round cross section having at a first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the second flow channel section (17) of the flow channel (4) between the turbulence generator (13) and the outlet (5),
and wherein the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having at a first upstream end (21) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) at the first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18).
6. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized
by providing the turbulence generator (13) between 25 and 300 mm from the outlet (5) as measured in the direction the fluid flow.
7. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 6, characterized
by using as the source for electromagnetic energy: a laser such as a Nd:YAG laser, an arc spark generator, a X-ray tube or source
8. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 7, characterized
by separating by means of separation element (22) that is arranged at the outlet (5) a portion of the fluid sample flow (1) flowing in the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) to generate a part of the fluid sample flow (1), and
by guiding said part of the fluid sample flow (1) through the outlet (5) by means of separation element (22).
9. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 7, characterized
by conducting the fluid sample flow (1) vertically downwards from outlet (5) of the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) to a flow cell (6) by conducting the fluid sample flow (1) that flows in the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) from the outlet (5) against a vertical wall member (23) that is in fluid connection with the flow cell (6), and
by conducting the fluid sample flow (1) vertically downwards to the flow cell (6) along the vertical wall member (23).
10. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 9, characterized
by arranging the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) inclined at an inclination angle A with respect to a horizontal plane that is between 20 and 75°.
11. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 10, characterized
by applying electromagnetic energy (7) from the source (8) of electromagnetic energy onto the surface (9) of the fluid sample flow (1) that flows through the flow cell (6) at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet (5) in the flow channel (4) of the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2).
12. An apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids, comprising
a conduit (2) configured to conduct a fluid sample flow (1), wherein the conduit (2) having an inclined conduit section (3), wherein the conduit (2) limits a flow channel for the fluid sample flow (1),
a flow cell (6) in fluid connection with an outlet (5) the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) and configured to receive at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) is configured to flow in the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) from the outlet (5) of the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) and configured to release said at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) so that said at least a part of the fluid sample flow (1) flows through the flow cell (6),
a source (8) of electromagnetic energy for applying electromagnetic energy (7) onto the surface (9) of the fluid sample flow (1) that flows through the flow cell (6) to induce plasma (10) in the fluid sample flow (1) that flows through the flow cell (6), and
a spectroscopy system (12) for receiving light (11) emitted by the plasma (10) and for analyzing light (11) emitted by the plasma (10),
characterized
by the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) comprising a turbulence generator (13) upstream of the outlet (5), by the turbulence generator (13) being configured to change the cross section of the conduit (2), and
by the turbulence generator (13) being arranged at a distance from the outlet (5).
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized
by the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) upstream of the turbulence generator (13) comprise a first conduit element (14) limiting a first flow channel section (15) forming a part of the flow channel (4), wherein the first flow channel section (15) of the flow channel (4) having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 33 mm, preferably between 15 and 25 mm.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized
by the turbulence generator (13) comprises at least one throttling element (18) limiting a third flow channel section (19) forming a part of the flow channel (4),
by the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having a round cross section having at a first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the first flow channel section (15) of the flow channel (4) upstream of the turbulence generator (13), and
by the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having at a first upstream end (21) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) at the first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18).
15. The apparatus according to any of the claims 12 to 14, characterized
by the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) between the turbulence generator (13) and the outlet (5) comprise a second conduit element (16) limiting a second flow channel section (17) forming a part of the flow channel (4), wherein the second flow channel section (17) of the flow channel (4) having an round cross section having an inner diameter between 10 and 40 mm, preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized
by the turbulence generator (13) comprises at least one throttling element (18) limiting a third flow channel section (19) forming a part of the flow channel (4),
by the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having a round cross section having at a first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 5 and 18 mm, preferably about 10 mm, smaller that the round cross section of the second flow channel section (17) of the flow channel (4) between the turbulence generator (13) (13) and the outlet (5), and
by the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) limited by the throttling element (18) having at a first upstream end (21) of the throttling element (18) an inner diameter that is between 4 and 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm, larger than the inner diameter of the third flow channel section (19) of the flow channel (4) at the first downstream end (20) of the throttling element (18).
17. The apparatus according to any of the claims 12 to 16, characterized
by the distance between the turbulence generator (13) and the outlet (5) as measured in the direction the fluid flow is between 25 and 300 mm.
18. The apparatus according to any of the claims 12 to 17, characterized
by the source for electromagnetic energy comprising: a laser such as a Nd:YAG laser, an arc spark generator, and a X-ray tube or source
19. The apparatus according to any of the claims 12 to 18, characterized
by a separation element (22) arranged at the outlet (5), and
by the separation element (22) being configured to separate a portion of the fluid sample flow (1) from the fluid sample flow (1) and to guide said portion of the fluid sample flow (1) through the outlet (5) so that the said portion of the fluid sample flow (1) vertically downwards to the flow cell (6).
20. The apparatus according to any of the claims 12 to 18, characterized
by a vertical wall member (23) arranged at the outlet (5), and
by a vertical wall member (23) being configured to conduct the fluid sample flow (1) vertically downwards from outlet (5) of the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) so that the sample flow vertically downwards to the flow cell (6) along the vertical wall member (23).
21. The apparatus according to any of the claims 12 to 20, characterized
by the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2) being inclined at an inclination angle A with respect to a horizontal plane that is between 20 and 75°.
22. The apparatus according to any of the claims 12 to 21, characterized
by the source (8) of electromagnetic energy being arranged to apply electromagnetic energy (7) onto the surface (9) of the fluid sample flow (1) that is configured to flow through the flow cell (6) at a point that is located at distance between 4 and 100 mm vertically below the outlet (5) in the flow channel (4) of the inclined conduit section (3) of the conduit (2).
PCT/FI2016/050508 2015-07-10 2016-07-08 Method and apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids WO2017009532A1 (en)

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CN201690001074.XU CN208000272U (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-08 The emission spectrum equipment of fluid
RU2018103050U RU183650U1 (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-08 Device for optical emission spectroscopy of liquids
BR112018000576A BR112018000576A2 (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-08 method and apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids
AU2016294460A AU2016294460A1 (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-08 Method and apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy of fluids

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