WO2016151781A1 - Processing nozzle, processing head, processing device - Google Patents

Processing nozzle, processing head, processing device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016151781A1
WO2016151781A1 PCT/JP2015/059003 JP2015059003W WO2016151781A1 WO 2016151781 A1 WO2016151781 A1 WO 2016151781A1 JP 2015059003 W JP2015059003 W JP 2015059003W WO 2016151781 A1 WO2016151781 A1 WO 2016151781A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
processing
supply path
powder
nozzle
supply
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PCT/JP2015/059003
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
藤谷　泰之
小松　由尚
竜一 成田
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技術研究組合次世代３Ｄ積層造形技術総合開発機構
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Application filed by 技術研究組合次世代３Ｄ積層造形技術総合開発機構 filed Critical 技術研究組合次世代３Ｄ積層造形技術総合開発機構
Priority to EP15886334.0A priority Critical patent/EP3159094B1/en
Priority to US15/119,350 priority patent/US20170050268A1/en
Priority to JP2016510887A priority patent/JP6092467B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2015/059003 priority patent/WO2016151781A1/en
Publication of WO2016151781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016151781A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/38—Housings, e.g. machine housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/226—Driving means for rotary motion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machining nozzle, a machining head, and a machining apparatus.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for supplying a plurality of types of powders while changing the distribution rate.
  • Table 1 discloses a technique for gradually changing the powder mixing ratio from the first layer to the fifth layer.
  • Paragraph 0058 discloses that the concentration position of the powder flow 4 discharged from the gap at the tip of the inner nozzle 31 and the outer nozzle 32 changes as the inner nozzle 31 moves up and down.
  • the powder is injected from only one supply path 41 in both the configuration of FIG. 5 and the configuration of FIG. That is, only one type of powder can be supplied at a time. For this reason, when a plurality of types of powders are to be supplied to the processed surface, they must be mixed and supplied in advance, causing segregation during the supply, and the desired composition cannot be realized.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for solving the above-described problems.
  • a processing nozzle comprises: A processing nozzle for injecting a powder material to a molten pool formed on a processing surface by laser light, An inner casing constituting an optical path through which the laser beam passes; An outer casing disposed through a gap as the first supply path of the inner casing and the powder material; With A second powder supply path and a third supply path having a diameter different from that of the second supply path are provided inside the outer casing.
  • a machining head comprises: It includes the processing nozzle described above and a focusing device for focusing the laser beam.
  • a processing apparatus includes: The above processing head; A material supply unit for supplying the powder material to the processing head; It is provided with.
  • a processing nozzle 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the processing nozzle 100 is a nozzle for injecting the powder material 130 to the molten pool 151 formed on the processing surface 150 by the laser beam 110.
  • the processing nozzle 100 includes an inner casing 101 that constitutes an optical path 111 through which the laser light 110 passes, and an outer casing 102 that is disposed via a gap as the supply path 103 for the inner casing 101 and the powder material 130. It is equipped with.
  • powder supply paths 121 and 122 are further provided in the outer casing 102.
  • the powder supply paths 121 and 122 have different diameters.
  • three supply paths 121 and three supply paths 122 are provided.
  • the outer casing 102 has a cylindrical shape, and the supply path 121 and the supply path 122 are alternately provided in a circumferential shape inside the outer casing 102.
  • FIG. 2 is an end view showing the downstream end of the processing nozzle 100. As shown in FIG. 2, at the downstream end of the processing nozzle 100, an opening 201 of the optical path 111, an opening 203 of the supply path 103, an opening 221 of the supply path 121, and an opening 222 of the supply path 122 Is provided.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
  • the powder material 131 supplied from the ring-shaped supply path 103 forms a very thin flow in a ring shape and converges in a narrow range.
  • more powder material than the supply path 103 is supplied to the processing surface 150 from the six supply paths 121 and 122 arranged on the circumference.
  • the supply path 121 is formed to have a diameter larger than that of the supply path 122, and more powder material is supplied from the supply path 121 to the processing surface 150 than the supply path 122.
  • the powder material is supplied by changing the one used among these supply channels. For example, when performing high-definition modeling, the powder material is accurately supplied from one point toward the other using only the supply path 103.
  • Laminating a plurality of different materials means, for example, laminating an adhesion layer on copper (base material) and then laminating iron. Further, by supplying powders having the same material but different particle diameters using different supply paths, it is possible to perform modeling with accuracy and speed according to the modeling conditions.
  • the optical processing apparatus 400 provided with the processing nozzle 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the optical processing apparatus 400 is an apparatus that generates a three-dimensional shaped object (or overlay welding) by melting a material with heat generated by collected light.
  • the optical processing apparatus 400 includes a light source 412, a stage 405, material storage devices 421 to 423, material supply units 424 to 426, a processing head 408, and a control unit 413.
  • a laser light source is used as the light source 412, but an LED, a halogen lamp, or a xenon lamp can be used. Further, for example, an electron beam may be used.
  • Stage 405 is an X stage, an XY stage, or an XYZ stage.
  • the material storage devices 421 to 423 supply a carrier gas containing a material to the processing nozzle 100 via the material supply units 424 to 426.
  • the material is particles such as metal particles and resin particles.
  • the carrier gas is an inert gas, and for example, argon gas, nitrogen gas, helium gas, or the like can be used.
  • the processing head 408 focuses the laser light from the light source 412 by an optical system including a lens or the like provided therein, and a processing nozzle 100 is attached to the downstream end thereof.
  • the controller 413 inputs modeling conditions such as fine writing / bold writing and the shape of the modeled object, and according to the input modeling conditions, the output value of the laser beam from the light source 412, the position and orientation of the processing head 408, the stage 405 While changing a position etc., the processing nozzle 100 is controlled and a powder spot shape is changed.
  • the controller 413 controls the material supply units 424 to 426 to control the type and amount of material injected from the nozzle 100.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of the machining nozzle 500 according to the present embodiment.
  • the processing nozzle 500 according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has flappers 501 and 502. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the flow of the powder material discharged from the supply paths 121 and 122 can be changed by the flappers 501 and 502. That is, the powder material discharged from the supply path 121 can be supplied to the powder spot 511, and the powder material discharged from the supply path 122 can be supplied to the powder spot 512.
  • each of the powder spots 511 and 512 has a lower temperature than the molten pool 151 of the processing surface 150. It has become.
  • the flappers 501 and 502 are controlled so that the respective powder materials are supplied to the powder spots 511 and 512 that match the melting temperature of each powder material.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of the machining nozzle 600 according to the present embodiment.
  • the processing nozzle 600 according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it includes a rotation unit 602 that rotates the outer casing 102 in the rotation direction 601 with respect to the inner casing 101. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the outer casing 102 can be rotated in accordance with the direction (scanning direction) 651 in which the molten pool 151 travels on the processing surface 150. That is, the arrangement of the supply paths 121 and 122 provided in the outer casing 102 with respect to the molten pool 151 can be changed according to the scanning direction 651. For example, when it is desired to supply a large amount of powder material in the scanning direction 651 of the molten pool 151, the outer casing 102 may be rotated 180 degrees from the state shown in FIG. That is, if two of the three supply passages 121 are arranged in front of the molten pool 151, the amount of powder material supplied to the front increases compared to the rear. Further, for example, when it is desired to supply a large amount of powder material to be supplied using the supply path 122 to the rear of the molten pool 151 in the scanning direction 651, the outer casing 102 is rotated 180 degrees from the state of FIG. Good.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
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  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a processing nozzle that simultaneously injects multiple types of powders. The processing nozzle is for injecting powder materials onto a molten pool formed by a laser beam on a processing surface, and comprises: an inner housing constituting a light path for the laser beam to pass through; and an outer housing arranged with the inner housing via a gap as a first supply channel for powder materials; wherein a second supply channel for powder materials and a third supply channel having a different diameter from the second supply channel are included inside the outer housing.

Description

加工ノズル、加工ヘッド、加工装置Processing nozzle, processing head, processing equipment
　本発明は、加工ノズル、加工ヘッド、加工装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a machining nozzle, a machining head, and a machining apparatus.
　上記技術分野において、特許文献１には、複数種のパウダを分配率を変えつつ供給する技術が開示されている。例えば表１には、１層目から５層目までで、パウダの混合比率を徐々に変化させる技術が開示されている。段落００５８には、内ノズル３１が上下移動することで、内ノズル３１と外ノズル３２との先端の隙間から吐出するパウダ流４の集中位置が変化することが開示されている。 In the above technical field, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for supplying a plurality of types of powders while changing the distribution rate. For example, Table 1 discloses a technique for gradually changing the powder mixing ratio from the first layer to the fifth layer. Paragraph 0058 discloses that the concentration position of the powder flow 4 discharged from the gap at the tip of the inner nozzle 31 and the outer nozzle 32 changes as the inner nozzle 31 moves up and down.
特開２０１２－１２５７７２号公報JP 2012-124772 A
　しかしながら、上記文献に記載の技術では、図５の構成も図７の構成も、粉体は１つの供給路４１のみから射出される。つまり、一度に供給できる粉体は１種類のみである。そのため、複数種類の粉体を加工面に供給しようとすると、事前に混合してから供給しなければならず、供給中に偏析が起こり、思った組成が実現できないという問題があった。 However, in the technique described in the above document, the powder is injected from only one supply path 41 in both the configuration of FIG. 5 and the configuration of FIG. That is, only one type of powder can be supplied at a time. For this reason, when a plurality of types of powders are to be supplied to the processed surface, they must be mixed and supplied in advance, causing segregation during the supply, and the desired composition cannot be realized.
　本発明の目的は、上述の課題を解決する技術を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for solving the above-described problems.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明にかかる加工ノズルは、
　レーザ光によって加工面上に形成された溶融プールに対して粉体材料を射出するための加工ノズルであって、
　前記レーザ光が通過する光経路を構成する内側筐体と、
　前記内側筐体と粉体材料の第１供給路としての間隙を介して配置された外側筐体と、
　を備え、
　前記外側筐体内部に、粉体の第２供給路と、前記第２供給路と異なる径を有する第３供給路とを備えた。 In order to achieve the above object, a processing nozzle according to the present invention comprises:
A processing nozzle for injecting a powder material to a molten pool formed on a processing surface by laser light,
An inner casing constituting an optical path through which the laser beam passes;
An outer casing disposed through a gap as the first supply path of the inner casing and the powder material;
With
A second powder supply path and a third supply path having a diameter different from that of the second supply path are provided inside the outer casing.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明にかかる加工ヘッドは、
　上述の加工ノズルと、前記レーザ光を集束させる集束装置と、を含むことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a machining head according to the present invention comprises:
It includes the processing nozzle described above and a focusing device for focusing the laser beam.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明にかかる加工装置は、
　上述の加工ヘッドと、
　前記加工ヘッドに前記粉体材料を供給する材料供給部と、
　を備えたことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a processing apparatus according to the present invention includes:
The above processing head;
A material supply unit for supplying the powder material to the processing head;
It is provided with.
　本発明によれば、複数種類の粉体を同時に射出する加工ノズルを提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a processing nozzle that simultaneously injects a plurality of types of powders.
本発明の第１実施形態に係る加工ノズルの構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the process nozzle which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１実施形態に係る加工ノズルの構成を示す底面の端面図である。It is an end elevation of the bottom showing the composition of the processing nozzle concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第１実施形態に係る加工ノズルの構成を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the process nozzle which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１実施形態に係る加工装置の構成を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the structure of the processing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２実施形態に係る加工ノズルの構成を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the process nozzle which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３実施形態に係る加工ノズルの構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the process nozzle which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
　以下に、図面を参照して、本発明の実施の形態について例示的に詳しく説明する。ただし、以下の実施の形態に記載されている構成要素はあくまで例示であり、本発明の技術範囲をそれらのみに限定する趣旨のものではない。 Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the components described in the following embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention only to them.
　［第１実施形態］
　本発明の第１実施形態としての加工ノズル１００について、図１乃至図４を用いて説明する。加工ノズル１００は、レーザ光１１０によって加工面１５０上に形成された溶融プール１５１に対して粉体材料１３０を射出するためのノズルである。 [First Embodiment]
A processing nozzle 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. The processing nozzle 100 is a nozzle for injecting the powder material 130 to the molten pool 151 formed on the processing surface 150 by the laser beam 110.
　加工ノズル１００は、レーザ光１１０が通過する光経路１１１を構成する内側筐体１０１と、内側筐体１０１と粉体材料１３０の供給路１０３としての間隙を介して配置された外側筐体１０２と、を備えている。 The processing nozzle 100 includes an inner casing 101 that constitutes an optical path 111 through which the laser light 110 passes, and an outer casing 102 that is disposed via a gap as the supply path 103 for the inner casing 101 and the powder material 130. It is equipped with.
　外側筐体１０２内部には、さらに粉体の供給路１２１、１２２を備えている。粉体供給路１２１、１２２は、それぞれ異なる径を有する。ここでは供給路１２１及び供給路１２２は、それぞれ３つ設けられている。外側筐体１０２は、円筒形状であって、供給路１２１と供給路１２２とは、外側筐体１０２内部において、周状に、交互に設けられている。 In the outer casing 102, powder supply paths 121 and 122 are further provided. The powder supply paths 121 and 122 have different diameters. Here, three supply paths 121 and three supply paths 122 are provided. The outer casing 102 has a cylindrical shape, and the supply path 121 and the supply path 122 are alternately provided in a circumferential shape inside the outer casing 102.
　図２は、加工ノズル１００の下流端を示す端面図である。図２に示すとおり、加工ノズル１００の下流端には、光経路１１１の開口部２０１と、供給路１０３の開口部２０３と、供給路１２１の開口部２２１と、供給路１２２の開口部２２２とが設けられている。 FIG. 2 is an end view showing the downstream end of the processing nozzle 100. As shown in FIG. 2, at the downstream end of the processing nozzle 100, an opening 201 of the optical path 111, an opening 203 of the supply path 103, an opening 221 of the supply path 121, and an opening 222 of the supply path 122 Is provided.
　図３は、図１のＡ－Ａ断面図である。図３に示すとおり、リング状の供給路１０３から供給される粉体材料１３１は、リング状に非常に細い流れを形成し、狭い範囲に集束する。一方、円周上に配置された６か所の供給路１２１、１２２からは、供給路１０３よりも多くの粉体材料が、加工面１５０に供給される。また、供給路１２１は、供給路１２２よりも径大に形成されており、供給路１２１からは供給路１２２よりも多くの粉体材料が、加工面１５０に供給される。 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the powder material 131 supplied from the ring-shaped supply path 103 forms a very thin flow in a ring shape and converges in a narrow range. On the other hand, more powder material than the supply path 103 is supplied to the processing surface 150 from the six supply paths 121 and 122 arranged on the circumference. The supply path 121 is formed to have a diameter larger than that of the supply path 122, and more powder material is supplied from the supply path 121 to the processing surface 150 than the supply path 122.
　造形精度及び造形速度に応じて、これらの供給路のうち、使用するものを変えて粉末材料を供給する。例えば、高精細の造形を行なう場合には、供給路１０３のみを用いて、周囲から一点に向けて的確な粉末材料の供給を行なう。 Depending on the modeling accuracy and modeling speed, the powder material is supplied by changing the one used among these supply channels. For example, when performing high-definition modeling, the powder material is accurately supplied from one point toward the other using only the supply path 103.
　一方、造形精度を維持しつつ高速造形を行なう場合には、供給路１２１を用いて、やや多量の粉体材料を加工面１５０に供給する。さらに、超高速造形を行なう場合には、供給路１２１及び供給路１２２の両方を用いて、より多量の粉体材料を加工面１５０に供給する。またさらに、超超高速造形を行なう場合には、全ての供給路１０３、１２１、１２２を用いて、粉体材料を加工面１５０に供給する。 On the other hand, when high-speed modeling is performed while maintaining modeling accuracy, a slightly larger amount of powder material is supplied to the processing surface 150 using the supply path 121. Further, when performing ultra-high speed modeling, a larger amount of powder material is supplied to the processing surface 150 using both the supply path 121 and the supply path 122. Furthermore, when performing ultra-high speed modeling, the powder material is supplied to the processing surface 150 using all the supply paths 103, 121, and 122.
　このように供給路を様々に組み合わせることにより、供給路１０３のみ、供給路１２１のみ、供給路１２２のみ、供給路１０３、１２１、供給路１０３、１２２、供給路１２１、１２２、供給路１０３、１２１、１２２という、７段階の粉体材料供給を行なうことができる。 By combining the supply paths in this manner, only the supply path 103, only the supply path 121, only the supply path 122, supply paths 103 and 121, supply paths 103 and 122, supply paths 121 and 122, supply paths 103 and 121 are provided. , 122 can be supplied in seven stages.
　また、例えば、ＴｉＡｌ合金を積層する場合、ＴｉとＡｌとを別々の供給路に供給することで、材料の違いによる輸送効率の影響を無視することができ、設計値に準じた重量比率でＴｉＡｌ合金を積層することが可能となる。 In addition, for example, when laminating TiAl alloys, by supplying Ti and Al to separate supply paths, the influence of transport efficiency due to the difference in materials can be ignored, and TiAl is weighted according to the design value. Alloys can be stacked.
　複数の異なる材料を積層する場合にも、材料毎に別々の供給路を用いることで、異なる材料を積層することが可能となる。複数の異なる材料を積層するとは、例えば、銅（基材）上に密着層を積層し、次に鉄を積層することなどをいう。また、材料は同じだが粒径の異なる粉体を、別々の供給路を用いて供給することにより、造形条件に応じた精度や速度で造形加工を行なうことができる。 Even when a plurality of different materials are laminated, different materials can be laminated by using different supply paths for each material. Laminating a plurality of different materials means, for example, laminating an adhesion layer on copper (base material) and then laminating iron. Further, by supplying powders having the same material but different particle diameters using different supply paths, it is possible to perform modeling with accuracy and speed according to the modeling conditions.
　加工ノズル１００を備えた光加工装置４００について、図４を用いて説明する。光加工装置４００は、集光した光が生み出す熱で材料を溶融することにより三次元的な造形物（あるいは肉盛溶接）を生成する装置である。光加工装置４００は、光源４１２、ステージ４０５、材料収容装置４２１～４２３、材料供給部４２４～４２６、加工ヘッド４０８および制御部４１３を備えている。 The optical processing apparatus 400 provided with the processing nozzle 100 will be described with reference to FIG. The optical processing apparatus 400 is an apparatus that generates a three-dimensional shaped object (or overlay welding) by melting a material with heat generated by collected light. The optical processing apparatus 400 includes a light source 412, a stage 405, material storage devices 421 to 423, material supply units 424 to 426, a processing head 408, and a control unit 413.
　光源４１２としては、ここではレーザ光源を用いることとするが、ＬＥＤ、ハロゲンランプ、キセノンランプを用いることができる。また、例えば電子ビームなどを用いてもよい。 Here, a laser light source is used as the light source 412, but an LED, a halogen lamp, or a xenon lamp can be used. Further, for example, an electron beam may be used.
　ステージ４０５は、Ｘステージ、あるいはＸＹステージ、あるいはＸＹＺステージである。材料収容装置４２１～４２３は、加工ノズル１００に対し、材料供給部４２４～４２６を介して材料を含むキャリアガスを供給する。例えば、材料は金属粒子、樹脂粒子などの粒子である。キャリアガスは、不活性ガスであり、例えばアルゴンガス、窒素ガス、ヘリウムガスなどを用いることができる。 Stage 405 is an X stage, an XY stage, or an XYZ stage. The material storage devices 421 to 423 supply a carrier gas containing a material to the processing nozzle 100 via the material supply units 424 to 426. For example, the material is particles such as metal particles and resin particles. The carrier gas is an inert gas, and for example, argon gas, nitrogen gas, helium gas, or the like can be used.
　加工ヘッド４０８は、内部に設けられたレンズ等からなる光学系によって光源４１２からのレーザ光を集束させ、その下流端には加工ノズル１００が取り付けられている。 The processing head 408 focuses the laser light from the light source 412 by an optical system including a lens or the like provided therein, and a processing nozzle 100 is attached to the downstream end thereof.
　コントローラ４１３は、細書き／太書きや造形物の形状などの造形条件を入力し、入力した造形条件に応じて光源４１２からのレーザ光の出力値、加工ヘッド４０８の位置および向き、ステージ４０５の位置などを変更すると共に、加工ノズル１００を制御し、粉体スポット形状を変化させる。また、コントローラ４１３は、材料供給部４２４～４２６を制御して、ノズル１００から射出する材料の種類及び量を制御する。 The controller 413 inputs modeling conditions such as fine writing / bold writing and the shape of the modeled object, and according to the input modeling conditions, the output value of the laser beam from the light source 412, the position and orientation of the processing head 408, the stage 405 While changing a position etc., the processing nozzle 100 is controlled and a powder spot shape is changed. The controller 413 controls the material supply units 424 to 426 to control the type and amount of material injected from the nozzle 100.
　以上の構成によれば、複数種類の粉体を同時に射出する加工ノズルを提供できる。 According to the above configuration, it is possible to provide a processing nozzle that simultaneously injects a plurality of types of powder.
　［第２実施形態］
　次に本発明の第２実施形態に係る加工ノズル５００について、図５を用いて説明する。図５は、本実施形態に係る加工ノズル５００の構成を説明するための断面図である。本実施形態に係る加工ノズル５００は、上記第１実施形態と比べると、フラッパ５０１、５０２を有する点で異なる。その他の構成及び動作は、第１実施形態と同様であるため、同じ構成及び動作については同じ符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略する。 [Second Embodiment]
Next, a processing nozzle 500 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the configuration of the machining nozzle 500 according to the present embodiment. The processing nozzle 500 according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has flappers 501 and 502. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
　フラッパ５０１、５０２により、供給路１２１、１２２から吐出された粉体材料の流れを変えることができる。すなわち、供給路１２１から吐出された粉体材料を、粉体スポット５１１に供給することができ、供給路１２２から吐出された粉体材料を、粉体スポット５１２に供給することができる。 The flow of the powder material discharged from the supply paths 121 and 122 can be changed by the flappers 501 and 502. That is, the powder material discharged from the supply path 121 can be supplied to the powder spot 511, and the powder material discharged from the supply path 122 can be supplied to the powder spot 512.
　レーザ光１１０は、一般的にレンズの構成により、加工面１５０が最も高温になるように構成されているため、粉体スポット５１１、５１２は、それぞれ、加工面１５０の溶融プール１５１よりも低温になっている。各粉体材料の溶融温度に合った粉体スポット５１１、５１２へ、それぞれの粉体材料を供給するように、フラッパ５０１、５０２を制御する。 Since the laser beam 110 is generally configured such that the processing surface 150 has the highest temperature due to the lens configuration, each of the powder spots 511 and 512 has a lower temperature than the molten pool 151 of the processing surface 150. It has become. The flappers 501 and 502 are controlled so that the respective powder materials are supplied to the powder spots 511 and 512 that match the melting temperature of each powder material.
　これにより、粉体材料を良い環境で供給することが可能となり、精度の良い造形を実現することができる。例えば異なる素材で複層造形を行なう場合にも、供給路１０３、１２１、１２２を使い分け、さらにフラッパ５０１、５０２の角度を調整することにより、各種の素材をその素材にあった環境で積層加工することができる。例えば、融点の低い粉体を加工面１５０のより上方に供給し、融点の高い粉体を、より加工面１５０の近くに供給することで、各粉体の溶融位置を変え、粉体の混合精度を向上させることができる。 This makes it possible to supply the powder material in a good environment, and realize accurate modeling. For example, even when multi-layer modeling is performed with different materials, various supply materials 103, 121, and 122 are properly used, and further, the angle of flappers 501 and 502 is adjusted so that various materials are laminated in an environment suitable for the materials. be able to. For example, by supplying a powder having a low melting point above the processing surface 150 and supplying a powder having a high melting point closer to the processing surface 150, the melting position of each powder is changed, and the powder is mixed. Accuracy can be improved.
　［第３実施形態］
　次に本発明の第３実施形態に係る加工ノズル６００について、図６を用いて説明する。図６は、本実施形態に係る加工ノズル６００の構成を説明するための斜視図である。本実施形態に係る加工ノズル６００は、上記第１実施形態と比べると、内側筐体１０１に対して外側筐体１０２を回転方向６０１に回動させる回動部６０２を有する点で異なる。その他の構成及び動作は、第１実施形態と同様であるため、同じ構成及び動作については同じ符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略する。 [Third Embodiment]
Next, a processing nozzle 600 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of the machining nozzle 600 according to the present embodiment. The processing nozzle 600 according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it includes a rotation unit 602 that rotates the outer casing 102 in the rotation direction 601 with respect to the inner casing 101. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
　本実施形態によれば、加工面１５０上を溶融プール１５１が進む方向（走査方向）６５１に合わせて、外側筐体１０２を回動することができる。つまり、外側筐体１０２に設けられた供給路１２１、１２２の溶融プール１５１に対する配置を、走査方向６５１に応じて変えることができる。例えば、溶融プール１５１の走査方向６５１前方に多くの粉体材料を供給したい場合、図６の状態から、１８０度、外側筐体１０２を回転させればよい。つまり、３つの供給路１２１の内、２つを、溶融プール１５１の前方に配置すれば、前方への粉体材料の供給量が後方に比べて多くなる。また例えば、供給路１２２を用いて供給する粉体材料を溶融プール１５１の走査方向６５１後方に多く供給したい場合にもやはり、図６の状態から、１８０度、外側筐体１０２を回転させればよい。 According to this embodiment, the outer casing 102 can be rotated in accordance with the direction (scanning direction) 651 in which the molten pool 151 travels on the processing surface 150. That is, the arrangement of the supply paths 121 and 122 provided in the outer casing 102 with respect to the molten pool 151 can be changed according to the scanning direction 651. For example, when it is desired to supply a large amount of powder material in the scanning direction 651 of the molten pool 151, the outer casing 102 may be rotated 180 degrees from the state shown in FIG. That is, if two of the three supply passages 121 are arranged in front of the molten pool 151, the amount of powder material supplied to the front increases compared to the rear. Further, for example, when it is desired to supply a large amount of powder material to be supplied using the supply path 122 to the rear of the molten pool 151 in the scanning direction 651, the outer casing 102 is rotated 180 degrees from the state of FIG. Good.
　以上、本実施形態によれば、造形条件に応じて、より細かく粉体供給を制御することが可能になり、粉体の効率的な利用及び造形精度の向上を図ることができる。 As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, it becomes possible to control powder supply more finely according to modeling conditions, and it can aim at efficient use of powder and improvement in modeling accuracy.
　［他の実施形態］
　以上、実施形態を参照して本願発明を説明したが、本願発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本願発明の構成や詳細には、本願発明のスコープ内で当業者が理解し得る様々な変更をすることができる。また、それぞれの実施形態に含まれる別々の特徴を如何様に組み合わせたシステムまたは装置も、本発明の範疇に含まれる。 [Other Embodiments]
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present invention within the scope of the present invention. In addition, a system or an apparatus in which different features included in each embodiment are combined in any way is also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

  1. 　レーザ光によって加工面上に形成された溶融プールに対して粉体材料を射出するための加工ノズルであって、
    　前記レーザ光が通過する光経路を構成する内側筐体と、
    　前記内側筐体と粉体材料の第１供給路としての間隙を介して配置された外側筐体と、
    　を備え、
    　前記外側筐体内部に、粉体の第２供給路と、前記第２供給路と異なる径を有する第３供給路とを備えたことを特徴とする加工ノズル。     A processing nozzle for injecting a powder material to a molten pool formed on a processing surface by laser light,
    An inner casing constituting an optical path through which the laser beam passes;
    An outer casing disposed through a gap as the first supply path of the inner casing and the powder material;
    With
    A processing nozzle comprising a second supply path for powder and a third supply path having a diameter different from that of the second supply path inside the outer casing.
  2. 　前記外側筐体は、円筒形状であって、
    　前記第２供給路と前記第３供給路とは、それぞれ少なくとも２つ備え、前記外側筐体内部において、周状に、交互に設けられたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の加工ノズル。     The outer casing has a cylindrical shape,
    The processing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the second supply path and the third supply path are provided, and are provided alternately in a circumferential shape inside the outer casing.
  3. 　前記外側筐体と前記加工面との間に、前記第１、第２粉体供給路から吐出された粉体材料の射出方向を変更するフラッパをさらに設けたことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の加工ノズル。 The flapper which changes the injection | pouring direction of the powder material discharged from the said 1st, 2nd powder supply path between the said outer side housing | casing and the said process surface is further provided. 2. The processing nozzle according to 2.
  4. 　前記外側筐体を回転する回転手段をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項１、２または３に記載の加工ノズル。 The processing nozzle according to claim 1, 2, or 3, further comprising a rotating means for rotating the outer casing.
  5. 　請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載の加工ノズルと、
    　前記レーザ光を集束させる集束装置と、
    　を含むことを特徴とする加工ヘッド。     The processing nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    A focusing device for focusing the laser beam;
    A processing head comprising:
  6. 　請求項５に記載の加工ヘッドと、
    　前記加工ヘッドに前記粉体材料を供給する材料供給部と、
    　を備えたことを特徴とする加工装置。     A machining head according to claim 5;
    A material supply unit for supplying the powder material to the processing head;
    A processing apparatus comprising:
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JP6362797B1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-25 三菱電機株式会社 Method for producing alloy molded product
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WO2020250464A1 (en) * 2019-06-11 2020-12-17 三菱重工工作機械株式会社 Surface processing device and method, and 3d layering apparatus
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