WO2016086071A1 - Spectrally encoded consumable spectrometer apparatus and methods - Google Patents

Spectrally encoded consumable spectrometer apparatus and methods Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016086071A1
WO2016086071A1 PCT/US2015/062539 US2015062539W WO2016086071A1 WO 2016086071 A1 WO2016086071 A1 WO 2016086071A1 US 2015062539 W US2015062539 W US 2015062539W WO 2016086071 A1 WO2016086071 A1 WO 2016086071A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
dried
spectral
red blood
sample holder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/062539
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French (fr)
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WO2016086071A8 (en
Inventor
Bob Messerschmidt
Howland Jones
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Nueou, Inc.
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Publication date
Application filed by Nueou, Inc. filed Critical Nueou, Inc.
Publication of WO2016086071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016086071A1/en
Publication of WO2016086071A8 publication Critical patent/WO2016086071A8/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0275Details making use of sensor-related data, e.g. for identification of sensor parts or optical elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483Physical analysis of biological material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/00722Communications; Identification
    • G01N35/00732Identification of carriers, materials or components in automatic analysers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/552Attenuated total reflection

Definitions

  • the field of the present disclosure is related to optical measurements of samples and in particular to the optical measurement of samples obtained from patients.
  • specific reference is made to the measurement of blood samples, embodiments as disclosed herein will find application in many fields where spectroscopic measurement of samples may be helpful such as diabetes monitoring, epidemiology, space exploration, and spectroscopy.
  • prior methods and apparatus of measuring and identifying samples can be less than ideal in at least some respects.
  • Work in relation to embodiments suggests that prior methods and apparatus for identifying samples may be more complicated than would be ideal, and at least some of the prior methods and apparatus used to identify samples can result in less than ideal sample identification in at least some instances.
  • sample identification with codes such as bar codes or radio frequency identification (RFID) have been proposed in the past, such codes can make the identification process more complicated than would be ideal.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • a separate scanning device may be used in at least some instances, for example, and an additional step of scanning the ID may be appropriate.
  • Prior reusable sample containers can provide less than ideal results as a prior sample can interfere with a more recent sample. Although disposable containers can be used the prior reusable containers can provide less than Work in relation to embodiments also suggests that it may be possible for a user to decouple the ID code from the sample, for example. Such user initiated decoupling may decrease the accuracy of the sample identification, for example.
  • improved methods and apparatus to identify samples such as samples of subjects would be helpful.
  • the improved methods and apparatus would provide one or more of the following: improved accuracy of sample measurements, improved identification of the sample, decreased complexity of the measurement apparatus, or improved ease of use.
  • a sample holder comprises a spectral encoding material to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectral identification signal.
  • the spectral encoding material has the advantage of providing an encoded signal with the measurement signal, which can help to ensure that the sample is appropriately identified. Also, the spectral encoding material can be measured with the apparatus to measure the spectral signal from the sample, such that an additional reader may not be necessary, and the sample identification can be more difficult to decouple from the sample measurement.
  • the spectral signal comprises the sample identification. Alternatively or in combination, the spectral signal may comprise verification code to verify the sample identification.
  • the sample holder can be configured in one or more of many ways and may comprise one or more of a support, a container, a waveguide, or a substrate.
  • the spectral encoding material can be provided with the sample holder in many ways, and may comprise one or more of a spectrally encoding solution, spectrally encoding particles, or one or more spectrally encoding layers of material.
  • the spectrally encoding solution can be provided with a sample container.
  • the one or more layers can be provided with a measurement structure such as an optically transmissive waveguide.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a calibration material, such as a polymer.
  • the spectral measurement of the sample is obtained with a measurement signal transmitted at least partially through the spectral encoding material, which can decrease the volume of the spectrally encoding material and provide a compact spectrally encoded sample holder.
  • the spectral encoding material comprises a calibration material in order to ensure the accuracy of the sample measurement.
  • a processor comprises instructions to determine a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal, and instructions to determine the verification code from the reference code, in order to validate the measurement signal.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to determine a first verification code in response to a decomposition of the one or more spectra and a second verification code from the reference code of the spectrally encoded signal, and instructions to identify the spectrally encoded signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
  • the reference code comprises an identification code of the sample holder and the verification code is configured to verify the identification code, and the processor comprises instructions to determine the verification code from the identification code.
  • the spectral encoding material comprises one or more NIST traceable reference materials
  • the spectral encoding comprises reference spectral encoding.
  • the reference code and the verification code can be determined from the one or more NIST traceable materials.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to identify the measurement signal as a valid measurement signal in response to a second verification code determined from the reference code matching the verification code from the spectral decomposition.
  • an apparatus to measure a sample comprises a sample holder to receive the sample, the sample holder comprising one or more of a spectral encoding material or a spectral encoding structure to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectrally encoded signal.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of materials configured to provide a reference code and a verification code with the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the holder may comprise one or more of a support, a substrate, a waveguide, or a container.
  • the holder may comprise an optically transmissive structure to measure the sample with an evanescent wave.
  • the holder may further comprise a layer on the optically transmissive structure, the layer comprising the spectral encoding material in order to encode the measurement signal of the sample with a spectral signal of the layer.
  • the layer may comprise an at least partially optically transmissive layer having a thickness no more than a penetration distance of the evanescent wave in order to measure the sample through the spectral encoding material.
  • the layer may comprise a thickness of no more than about 0.3 um, or no more than about 0.1 um.
  • the layer may comprise a NIST traceable polymer.
  • the NIST traceable polymer may comprise polystyrene.
  • the layer may comprise two or more NIST traceable polymers.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise an absorbance and the layer may comprise a thickness dimensioned to transmit at least a portion of the light energy through the layer in order to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal with light transmitted through the layer.
  • the optically transmissive structure may comprise a support to receive a portion of the sample on a surface of the layer in order to measure the sample on the surface and the layer with the evanescent wave.
  • the optically transmissive structure may comprise a surface to receive the sample and a second surface away from the surface to receive the sample, and the layer comprising the spectral encoding material may be located on the second surface away from the surface to receive the sample.
  • the holder may comprise a fluid, the fluid comprising the spectral encoding material.
  • the fluid may comprises one or more of a suspension, a gel, or a solution comprising the spectral encoding material, and light may be transmitted into the suspension, the gel, or the solution in order to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of NIST traceable polymers.
  • the spectrally encoded signal may comprise a unique spectral identification.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of NIST traceable polymer materials in a predetermined ratio in order to provide the unique spectral identification.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise one or more NIST traceable polymer materials configured with one or more of stretching or heating in a predetermined configuration in order to provide the unique spectral signature.
  • the unique spectral identification may comprise one of about one million or more unique spectral identifications capable of being separately resolved and provided with ratios of similar spectral encoding materials.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of reference spectral peaks at spectral locations away from a plurality of sample peaks of the sample.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a reference material to provide a reference signal.
  • the plurality of reference spectral peaks may comprise identifiable reference spectral peaks in order to one or more of calibrate or verify wavelength measurements of the apparatus.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of reference spectral peaks at spectral locations overlapping with a plurality of sample peaks.
  • the spectral encoding material may be supported with the sample holder and arranged in order to measure the sample and the spectral encoding material with a light beam of a spectrometer.
  • the sample holder may comprise an engagement structure to couple to a
  • the engagement structure may comprise a size and shape to engage a support of a spectrometer.
  • the sample holder may comprise a consumable single use sample holder.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a spectrometer to couple to the sample holder.
  • the spectrometer may comprise one or more optical components and a support to engage the sample holder, in order to align the sample holder with the one or more optical components when the support engages the sample holder.
  • the sample holder may comprise a container sized to contain a solution to wash the sample.
  • the container may comprise a waveguide on a lower end of the container to measure the sample with an evanescent wave of the waveguide.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a processor coupled to a detector to measure the sample, the processor comprising instructions to determine an identification of the holder from the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to determine a unique identification of the holder from the spectrally encoded signal of the material.
  • the unique identification may comprise a unique identification of one of a plurality of sample holders, each of the plurality of sample holders having a unique spectral encoding material in order to provide the unique identification for said each of the plurality of sample holders.
  • the processor, the detector and the spectral encoding material may be capable of uniquely identifying the holder from a plurality of about one million holders having similar spectral encoding materials.
  • the unique identification may comprise a unique identification of one of a plurality of sample holders, each of the plurality of sample holders having a unique spectral encoding material in order to provide a unique identification for said each of the plurality of sample holders.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to record a sample measurement in response to the unique identification.
  • the processor may comprise instructions that do not enable output of the sample measurement in response to the unique identification such that the sample holder comprises a single use sample holder.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a unique identification and the processor may comprise instructions to determine the unique identification from the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to compare the unique identification of the holder to one or more allowable sample holder identifications. The process may enable one or more of measurement of the sample or output of the measurement when the unique identification is associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
  • the processor may be configured with the instructions such that one or more of the output of the measurement of the sample or the measurement of the sample is not enabled when the unique identification is not associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
  • the unique identification may be associated with a unique spectrometer identification with one or more of a database of unique spectral identifications or a portion of the unique spectral identification.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to measure one or more of a red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially dried sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, the proteins of the red blood cell, the plasma of the red blood cell, the serum of the red blood cell, or the tissue sample.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially dried sample of red blood cells having substantially intact membranes and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially dried sample comprise an amount of hydration of no more than about 60% water by weight.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially hydrated sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, the proteins of the red blood cell, the plasma of the red blood cell, the serum of the red blood cell, or the tissue sample.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially hydrated sample of red blood cells having substantially intact membranes and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially hydrated sample comprises an amount of hydration of at least about 60% water by weight.
  • the spectrally encoded signal may comprise an identification portion to identify the sample holder and a verification portion to verify the identification portion.
  • the verification portion may correspond to a sum of the identification portion to verify accurate reading of the identification portion and the verification portion.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to determine a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to determine the verification code from the reference code.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to determine a first verification code in response to a decomposition of the one or more spectra, and to determine a second verification code from the reference code.
  • the processor may further comprise instructions to identify data of the measurement signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
  • the reference code may comprise an identification code of the sample holder and the first verification code may be configured to verify the identification code.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to determine the second verification code from the identification code and identify the identification code as valid signal in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise one or more NIST traceable reference materials, and the spectral encoding may comprise reference material spectral encoding.
  • the reference code and the verification code may be determined from the one or more NIST traceable materials.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to identify data of the measurement signal as valid measurement data in response to a second verification code determined from the reference code matching the verification code.
  • the spectrally encoded signal may comprise a plurality of spectral decomposition factors of the spectral encoding material.
  • the plurality of spectral decomposition factors may correspond to discrete binary values of the spectrally encoded signal, and the intensities of the plurality of spectral factors may define a digital word comprising a plurality of bytes.
  • An identification portion of the plurality of bytes may define a unique identification of the sample holder, and a verification portion of the plurality of bytes may define a verification code to verify integrity of the unique identification.
  • the verification code may comprise a checksum of the unique identification.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a machine readable code associated with the sample holder, wherein the spectrally encoded signal comprises a verification code to confirm the machine readable code associated with the sample holder.
  • the verification code of the spectrally encoded signal may comprise a checksum of the machine readable code.
  • the machine readable code may comprise one or more of an optical code, a barcode scan, a QR code, or a radio frequency ID.
  • the one or more of the spectral encoding material or the spectral encoding structure may comprise the spectral encoding structure, and the spectral encoding structure may be configured to provide a wavelength dependent signal.
  • the spectral encoding structure may comprise one or more of a grating, a periodic structure, a periodic phase altering structure, a periodic intensity changing structure, a diffractive optic, or a holographic structure.
  • a method comprises providing an apparatus as in any one of the embodiments described herein.
  • a method comprises providing a sample holder to receive the sample, the sample holder comprising one or more of a spectral encoding material or a spectral encoding structure to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectrally encoded signal.
  • the method may further comprise placing the sample on the sample holder, illuminating the sample holder with a light beam, and measuring the spectrally encoded signal of the sample with a detector coupled to at least a portion of the light beam.
  • the sample holder may comprise an optically transmissive structure and a layer comprising the spectral encoding material disposed on the structure, wherein the spectrally encoded signal is measured with an evanescent wave of the light beam. Illuminating the sample holder may comprise transmitting at least a portion of the light beam through the layer to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal with the light transmitted through the layer.
  • the sample holder may comprise a fluid comprising the spectral encoding material, and illuminating the sample holder may comprise transmitting the light beam into the fluid to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal.
  • the detector may be coupled to a processor, and the method may further comprise determining, with the processor, an identification of the sample holder from the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the identification may comprise a unique identification of the sample holder.
  • the method may further comprise recording, with the processor, a sample measurement in response to the determination of the unique identification.
  • the sample holder may comprise a single use sample holder, and wherein the method further comprises not enabling, with the processor, output of a sample measurement in response to the determination of the unique identification.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a unique identification, and the unique identification of the sample holder may be determined in response to the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the method may further comprise comparing, with the processor, the unique identification of the sample holder to one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
  • the method may further comprise enabling, with the processor, one or more of measurement of the sample or output of the measurement when the unique identification is associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
  • One or more of the measurement of the sample or the output of the measurement may not be enabled when the unique identification is not associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
  • the detector may be coupled to a processor, and the method may further comprise determining, with the processor, a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the verification code may be determined from the reference code. Determining the reference code and the verification code may comprise determining a first verification code in response to a decomposition of the one or more spectra and determining a second verification code from the reference code.
  • the method may further comprise identifying, with the processor, data of the measurement signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
  • the reference code may comprise an identification code of the sample holder, and the first verification code may be configured to verify the identification code of the sample holder.
  • the second verification code may be determined from the identification code, and the method may further comprise identifying the identification code as valid in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
  • Figure 1 shows a blood sample from a subject being placed on a measurement surface of a sample holder comprising a layer of spectrally encoding material in order to measure the blood sample, in accordance with embodiments;
  • Figure 2 shows a side profile view and corresponding dimensions of a red blood cell, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 3 shows measurement of a blood sample with a sample holder comprising a prism such as a dove prism having a spectral encoding material on a surface thereof in order to identify high blood pressure biomarkers with a first spectrally encoded measurement channel and a second spectrally encoded measurement channel, in accordance with embodiments;
  • a prism such as a dove prism having a spectral encoding material on a surface thereof in order to identify high blood pressure biomarkers with a first spectrally encoded measurement channel and a second spectrally encoded measurement channel, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 4 shows red blood cells located on a measurement surface having a layer of spectral encoding material in order to measure the red blood cells with a spectrally encoded evanescent wave and identify high blood pressure biomarkers of the red blood cell membranes, in accordance with embodiments;
  • Figure 5 shows an apparatus to measure a sample with spectral encoding, in accordance with embodiments;
  • Figure 6A shows a sample gravimetric washing container and spectrometer to measure a blood sample, in accordance with embodiments;
  • Figure 6B shows a container as in Figure 6A removed from the spectrometer
  • Figure 7 shows a substantially circular cross-section through a red blood cell, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 8 shows measurement of a red blood cell membrane and related structures, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 9A shows a side view of a sample holder and support, in accordance with embodiments.
  • Figure 9B shows a top view of a sample holder as in Figure 9A;
  • Figures 10A and 10B show a side view of a sample holder having an optical structure to identify the sample holder, in accordance with embodiments;
  • Figure IOC shows a wavelength dependent spectrally encoded signal from the optical structure of Figures 10A and 10B;
  • Figure 11 shows a top view of a sample holder comprising an encoding optical structure in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 12 shows a draw tube, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 13 shows sample delivery and cell washing, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 14 shows an apparatus comprising a database and a user interface to monitor subjects, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figures 15A and 15B show spectrally encoded signatures for first and second fluorescent material combinations, in accordance with embodiments
  • Figures 15C and 15D show infrared absorbance spectrally encoded signatures, in accordance with embodiments.
  • Figure 16 shows a method of measuring a sample, in accordance with embodiments.
  • a waveguide encompasses a light guide.
  • light encompasses electromagnetic energy having at least one wavelength within a range of the electromagnetic spectrum extending from the ultraviolet to the far infrared.
  • a sample holder comprises a consumable single use sample holder that can be readily coupled to and removed from a measurement apparatus such as a spectrometer.
  • the sample holder may comprise an identifier such as a unique code that allows the container to be identified from among a plurality of sample holders.
  • the sample holder can be identified with a spectral encoding material that provides a unique spectrally encoded signal in order to identify the sample container.
  • the unique spectrally encoded signal can be measured with a measurement light beam of the measurement apparatus such that the measured signal of the sample is encoded with the unique spectrally encoded signal.
  • the spectral encoding can be provided with additional identification such as optical identification, bar codes, quick read (QR) codes, quantum dots, radio frequency identification (RFID), for example.
  • the spectral encoding material comprises a calibration material that can be used as a reference for the measurement of the sample, for example.
  • the calibration material comprises one or more National Institute of Standards (NIST) traceable materials, or one or more polymers traceable to another reference standard such as a common block of material.
  • the calibration material provided with the sample holder can be combined with an additional material in order to provide sufficient resolution of the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the NIST traceable material may comprise one or more polymers as disclosed herein. Polymers that have a specific IR signature suitable for use as a calibration material may include one or more of: Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinylchloride, Teflon, Poly( vinyl acetate), Poly( vinyl alcohol),
  • the following web site has an IR polymer library that has over 6000 unique polymer spectra (www. ir-spectra.com/poIymers ), any one or more of which polymers may comprise a calibration material as described herein. Similar spectra libraries are available for additional materials, and the calibration material may comprise one or more of coatings, paints, fibers, dyes and pigments, for example.
  • Table 4 shows materials having spectra suitable for use in accordance with embodiments, and the spectra of such materials are available from the world- wide-web and suitable for use in accordance with embodiments as described herein. [0068] In many embodiments, the optical system is configured to measure
  • excitation/emission fluorescence spectroscopy using different excitation light sources (different excitation wavelengths).
  • the excitation wavelength can determine the amount of emission that will be seen from a particular fluorophore. Therefore the relative intensities of fluorophores within a mixture can change in response to the concentration of the fluorophores as well as the excitation light source.
  • Many embodiments comprise linear additive combinations using combinations of fluorophores and different excitation light sources.
  • the fluorescence of a fluorophore standard my change depending on the encapsulating environment of the fluorophore (solvent, other fluorophores, molecules it is attached to, etc.)
  • fluorescence dye standards There are many fluorescence dye standards that are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • fluorescence compounds suitable for incorporation with embodiments described herein can be found in a fluorescence spectral library located on the Internet
  • the fluorescence standards can be in the form of one or more of beads, microspheres, or nano-particles, for example.
  • the spectral encoding material can be combined with one or more identification codes on the sample holder as described herein. While polystyrene comprises a NIST traceable wavelength standard, other polymeric samples can be used which are not NIST traceable such as polyvinyl acetate and cyanoacrylate, other materials as described herein.
  • the spectral encoding as described herein is suitable for combination with one or more of several measurement apparatus and methods, such as spectroscopic methods and apparatus.
  • the spectral encoding can be combined with one or more of visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, interferometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and combinations thereof.
  • the spectral encoding can be combined with transmission, reflection, light scatter or evanescent wave spectroscopy.
  • the spectral encoding can be combined with one or more other encoding methods and apparatus such as radio frequency identification (RFID), RFID tags, optical identification, bar codes, optical reader codes, quick response (QR) codes, or computer readable memory, for example.
  • the spectral encoding may comprise a spectral encoding structure, such as a grating, a hologram, a diffractive optic variably responsive to light such that the sample container can be identified.
  • the spectral signal can be encoded with the spectral material in many ways, and may comprise a layer of spectral encoding material, a solution of spectral encoding material, an array of spectral encoding material, and combinations thereof.
  • the spatial arrangement of particles or material can be combined together with the spectral information, and measured in order to provide spectral encoding, for example. In many embodiments, both spectral and spatial domain data are measured in order to determine encoding of the sample.
  • the spectral encoding material comprises a layer of material on an optically transmissive structure such as a waveguide, or light guide.
  • the layer of material may comprise a layer on a container wall, for example.
  • the layer of material can be arranged in many ways, and may comprise a monolithic layer of material, a plurality of layers of material, or a mosaic.
  • the arrangement of material may comprise of one or more layers of material such as a checker board arrangement of transmissive spectrally encoding and non-spectrally encoding regions, for example.
  • the checkerboard arrangement may comprise a plurality of adjacent regions of transmissive spectrally encoding materials having differing properties, for example.
  • the spectral encoding methods and apparatus as described herein can be used to measure one or more of many types of samples, such as biological samples, extra-terrestrial samples, or geological samples, for example.
  • the spectral encoding methods and apparatus can be used to measure biological samples such as blood samples, urine samples, skin samples, cellular samples, tissue sample, drug tests, or biopsy samples, for example.
  • the methods and apparatus can be used to monitor one or more of many diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol, and can be combined with known laboratory tests such as blood tests, metabolic panels, pathology (cells and tissue) and urine tests, for example.
  • the sample can be spectrally encoded and measured in one or more of many ways.
  • the sample can be measured using a one or more of many types of chemical analyses, such as spectroscopy and spectrometry, for example.
  • spectroscopy methods and apparatus are configured for measuring blood components, such as changes in molecular conformation in blood cell membranes and blood proteins.
  • suitable spectroscopy methods and apparatus suitable for incorporation in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein include one or more of vibrational spectroscopy, either mid- infrared or near-infrared absorption, fluorescence, or reflection spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy, and combinations thereof.
  • vibrational spectroscopy methods and apparatus are configured to measure levels of metabolites and proteins in blood.
  • mass spectrometry methods and apparatus are configured to measure one or more components of blood as described herein.
  • nuclear magnetic resonance (hereinafter “NMR”) methods and apparatus can be configured to determine the presence of biomarkers of the one or more components of blood as described herein.
  • the spectroscopy may comprise one or more of molecular spectroscopy (infrared, near-infrared, UV, Raman, Surface enhanced Raman, resonance Raman, fluorescence, NMR, terahertz, far infrared, circular dichroism). Additional or alternative testing can be used such as a mechanical test (mechanical stiffness), or through a thermal property analysis (thermal gravimetric analysis TGA), for example, or rheology, for example.
  • molecular spectroscopy infrared, near-infrared, UV, Raman, Surface enhanced Raman, resonance Raman, fluorescence, NMR, terahertz, far infrared, circular dichroism.
  • Additional or alternative testing can be used such as a mechanical test (mechanical stiffness), or through a thermal property analysis (thermal gravimetric analysis TGA), for example, or rheology, for example.
  • Figure 1 shows a blood sample 30 from a subject being placed on a measurement surface 101 of a sample holder 400 comprising a layer of spectral encoding material 150 in order to measure the blood sample.
  • the sample holder 400 comprising spectral encoding material 150 may comprise components of a sample measurement apparatus 100 as described herein.
  • the sample holder 400 can be configured in many ways, and may comprise one or more of a substrate, a support, a prism, or a container to hold the sample.
  • the spectral encoding material 150 can be provided with the sample holder 400 in one or more of many ways as described herein and may comprise one or more layers, a solution, particles, a suspension of particles, for example.
  • the spectral encoding material 150 may comprise a spectral encoding structure such as a grating, a hologram, a diffractive structure in order to provide the measurement signal with spectral encoding.
  • the sample holder 400 comprises a wave guide such as an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) crystal.
  • ATR attenuated total reflectance
  • the layer of spectral encoding material may comprise a thickness less than the wavelength of the measurement light beam such that the sample can be measured through the layer with the evanescent wave.
  • the layer of spectral encoding material comprises a thickness of no more than about 10% of the wavelength, for example no more than about 5% of the shortest measurement wavelength of a range of wavelengths.
  • the sample can be no more than about 1% of the shortest wavelength of the range of measurement wavelengths.
  • the blood sample 30 can be obtained from the subject.
  • the subject may have a hand 10 from which a blood sample can be obtained, for example. Although a hand is shown the blood sample can be obtained in one or more of many known ways.
  • the blood sample can be placed on a measurement surface.
  • the measurement surface 101 on which the red blood cells 40 are placed comprise an optical prism 110 for the purpose of channeling light 115 under the blood, through the prism, by internal reflection. Internal reflection spectroscopy can make spectroscopic measurements at a shallow depth beyond the prism surface, since an evanescent wave is set up at that interface. This rapidly diminishing evanescent wave rapidly diminishes with distance away from the prism surface.
  • the resulting spectrum is thereby resulting from only the material that is resting closest to the prism.
  • the spectrum would contain information mainly about the cell membrane and not the cytoplasm, depending on the interrogation depth of the evanescent wave as described herein.
  • One proposed mechanism of action for correlating with blood pressure is changes in the cell membrane of the red blood cells as a biomarker.
  • the membrane spectrum contains spectra of one or more biomarkers having amounts
  • the measurement surface can be configured in one or more of many ways to measure the sample.
  • the measurement surface comprises a flat surface of an optically transmissive material such as Silicon or Germanium, for example.
  • the optically transmissive material can be shaped in one or more of many ways to provide the
  • the optically transmissive material may comprise a prism, a flat plate, a cube, a rectangle or a Dove prism, for example.
  • the sample is measured near the measurement surface with total internal reflection spectroscopy (hereinafter "TIR").
  • TIR total internal reflection spectroscopy
  • the measurement light beam is directed toward the surface at an angle so as to provide total internal reflection of the light beam from the measurement surface.
  • the light beam can interact with the sample on the opposite side of the surface from the light beam with an evanescent wave of the light beam.
  • the evanescent wave of the light beam extends beyond the measurement surface by a distance related to the wavelength of the measurement light beam.
  • the evanescent wave extends beyond the surface so as to provide a penetration depth of about 0.1 ⁇ into the sample place on the measurement surface, where ⁇ is the wavelength of light.
  • the TIR light may comprise one or more of visible light, near-infrared light, mid-infrared light or far infrared light, for example.
  • the light used comprises mid-infrared light having one or more wavelengths within a range from about 2 ⁇ (micrometer) to about 20 ⁇ , for example.
  • the one or more wavelengths of light may comprise a plurality of wavelengths of light to scan to a plurality of depths of the sample.
  • the depth of the measurement is related to the measurement wavelength such that the membranes of red blood cells on or near the surface can be measured.
  • the penetration depth is about 0.2 ⁇ such the penetration depth of the TIR measurement does not extend beyond a thickness of a red blood cell.
  • the penetration depth is about 2 ⁇ such the penetration depth of the TIR measurement corresponds to the approximate a thickness of a red blood cell.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side profile view and corresponding dimensions of a red blood cell 40 suitable for measurement with spectral encoding as described herein.
  • the red blood cell comprises an approximately toroidal shape having a long dimension along an elongate axis defining a length 42 of the red blood cell and a short dimension along a transverse axis defining a thickness 44 of the red blood cell.
  • the length of the red blood cell in the hydrated state is approximately 7 (seven) microns and the width is approximately 2 (two) microns.
  • red blood cell When the red blood cell is forced through an opening with blood pressure such as an opening of a capillary channel sized smaller than the red blood cell, the shape of the red blood cell can change to allow the red blood cell to pass, and one or more biomarkers such as ATP can be released.
  • high central blood pressure can result in one or more of deformation of the red blood cell or surface changes to the red blood cell related to the high central blood pressure of the subject, and the biomarkers corresponding to these changes can be measured in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the methods and apparatus are configured to measure the surface of the red blood cells and identify one or more components of the red blood cells specifically.
  • a sampling and measurement system can be configured to first separate cells from serum or plasma through sedimentation, then place a sample of blood cells onto one measuring stage and a sample of serum or plasma onto another measuring stage, for example, so as to provide separate measurements.
  • the volume of blood sample can be small, such as a drop that could be obtained by a lancet at a finger.
  • the stage holding the blood cells may comprise a horizontal surface on which the blood cells can be placed as described herein.
  • the measuring stage holding the serum or plasma may comprise another measuring surface for TIR or transmission measurements as described herein, and combinations thereof, for example.
  • Figure 3 shows measurement of a blood sample 30 with a sample holder 400 comprising a prism such as a Dove prism 300 having a spectral encoding material 150 on a surface thereof in order to identify high blood pressure biomarkers with a first spectrally encoded measurement channel and a second spectrally encoded measurement channel.
  • the sample holder 400 comprising spectral encoding material 150 may comprise components of a sample measurement apparatus 100 as described herein.
  • the first measurement channel comprises a TIR measurement channel
  • the second measurement channel comprises an optical transmission channel extending through a thickness of the sample.
  • the prism can provide a first inclined surface 305 and a second inclined surface 310 that allow the light beam 315 to be totally internally reflected and directed to the inclined surfaces at an angle that decreases reflection from the inclined surfaces.
  • the prism like many shapes, comprises a surface 320 opposite the TIR measurement surface 101 that receives a second measurement beam 325 for transmission through the measurement surface and bulk of the sample.
  • the prism may comprise a Dove prism having an elongate axis 330 extending axially through the inclined surfaces and between the measurement surface and the opposing surface.
  • a transparent movable support 350 is provided to shape an upper surface of the sample when placed on the holder 40 for transmission of the light beam.
  • the transparent movable support may comprise a thickness suitable for pressurizing the sample with a pressure surface 355 for measurements as described herein.
  • the transparent movable support can be thin to shape the blood sample without pressurizing the blood sample, for example a microscope slide.
  • the optical system can be configured in one or more of many ways with one or more of prisms, cubes, rhomboids or parallelepipeds, for example.
  • Figure 4 shows red blood cells 40 located on a holder 400 comprising a measurement surface 101 having a layer of spectral encoding material 150 in order to measure the red blood cells with a spectrally encoded evanescent wave and identify high blood pressure biomarkers of the red blood cell membranes 46, in accordance with embodiments.
  • the sample holder 400 comprising spectral encoding material 150 may comprise components of a sample measurement apparatus 100 as described herein.
  • the blood sample 30 can be prepared in one or more of many ways for placement on the measurement surface.
  • the measurement surface or a solution combined with the blood sample comprises a clotting antagonist to inhibit blood clotting in order to allow measurement of red blood cells and to the blood cells to separate into a first component having a greater number of red blood cells and a second component having a greater amount of plasma as compared to the sample as drawn from the subject.
  • the blood sample can be allowed to clot such that the sample comprises a first clot component and a second serum component, in which the clotting factors of the plasma have been substantially depleted to form the blood clot.
  • the components of the serum 32 or plasma 34 and the blood cells 40 are each measured.
  • the plasma and blood cells can be separated at least partially so as to provide different measurements for each, for example separate simultaneous measurements of each.
  • a second beam of light can be transmitted through the blood sample.
  • a spectrum representative of the bulk of the measurement cell is obtained.
  • the second stage can be a similar internal reflection prism to measure the blood serum or plasma both by internal reflection and by transmission.
  • the transmission measurement represents the bulk of the serum or plasma.
  • the proteins 36 in the blood can begin to coat the prism as time progresses. Therefore the internal reflection channel becomes a way of measuring the proteins in blood with greater intensity than could be measured in the bulk serum or plasma sample.
  • the red blood cells can sediment downward onto the measurement surface, and the
  • membranes of the red blood cells within the penetration depth of the evanescent wave can be measured and the bulk of the plasma measured with the transmission beam.
  • two measurement cells on two measurement stages can be used to measure the two components of blood separately such that four measurements from four independent measurement channels are provided.
  • the evanescent wave measurements can be combined with the transmission measurements so as to provide four different spectral channels. Each of these channels can be interrogated with different wavelengths of light, from the visible to the far infrared region.
  • each of these channels is measured as a function of time to follow changes in the blood cells and the serum and/or plasma with time.
  • the samples can be subjected to different temperatures by embedding a heating or cooling element into the stages.
  • a movable transparent support 350 comprising an optical window can be added on top of the blood cell and serum or plasma sample.
  • This support comprising the window can be mounted in a frame which can create a pressure seal at the stage.
  • a high external pressure can be exerted on the blood cells and blood serum or plasma. Pressures of up to 600 MPa can be used in order to denature and change the structure of the components and specifically proteins in the sample, for example.
  • these dynamic measurements can identify differences among biomarkers in blood that has been exposed to high blood pressure versus blood from subject without high blood pressure, for example.
  • Figure 5 shows an apparatus 100 to measure a sample with spectral encoding.
  • the sample may comprise a blood sample 30, for example, and biomarkers of the blood sample can be measured with spectral encoding in order to determine markers such as blood pressure biomarkers, for example.
  • a removable holder 400 having an optical encoding material 150 as described herein can receive the sample such as a blood sample.
  • the removable holder 400 may comprise one of a plurality of interchangeable, single use sample holders as described herein.
  • the removable holder 400 can be configured to engage a support 425.
  • the support 160 may comprise a fixed support coupled to the first input optics 525 and the first output optics 535 of the system in order to maintain alignment of the optics with the sample holder 400 when the sample holder 400 is placed on the support 160.
  • the support 160 can be fixed to additional optical components of the apparatus 100 such as the second input optics 530 and the second output optics 540.
  • the engagement structures of the support 160 and the holder 400 can be configured to place the sample holder 400 in one or more of a predetermined position or angular orientation with respect to the optics, such that the sample of each of the plurality of sample containers can be accurately measured.
  • the holder 400 may comprise a suitable electrical connector in embodiments comprising electrical components such as a coil 560, for example.
  • the apparatus comprises a first measurement stage 505 comprising a surface 101 to receive a blood sample 30 of a subject.
  • the apparatus comprises a second stage 510 to receive a second sample of the subject as described herein.
  • the first sample may comprise a red blood cell component and the second sample may comprise a plasma component, in which the red blood cell component comprises a greater amount of red blood cells than the initial sample from the subject and the plasma component comprises a greater amount of plasma than the initial sample from the subject, for example.
  • the first measurement stage and the second measurement stage may comprise similar components and can be coupled to light sources, optics and detectors similarly and in accordance with embodiments as described herein.
  • the apparatus to identify blood pressure biomarkers comprises one or more light sources, for example first light source 515 and second light source 520.
  • the apparatus comprises one or more input optics optically coupled to the light sources so as to receive light from the light sources, for example first input optics 525 for TIR measurements and second input optics 530 for bulk transmission measurements.
  • the apparatus comprises one or more output optics optically coupled to the sample container to receive the light from the sample, for example first output optics 535 to receive the TIR light and second output optics 540 to receive the transmission light.
  • the one or more output optics are optically coupled to one or more detectors, for example first detector 545 coupled to first output optics 535 and second detector 550 coupled to second output optics 540.
  • the components of the apparatus 100 can be coupled to a processor 555 comprising instructions to control the measurement of the sample, for example of the first sample stage.
  • the processor is configured and coupled to the one or more light sources, the input optics, the output optics and the detectors in order to measure optical spectroscopy of the sample.
  • the processor can be coupled to the first light source to control the generation of light for TIR measurements.
  • the processor can be coupled to the second light source to control the generation of light for the transmission measurements.
  • the processor can be coupled to the first input optics and the first output optics to control the input and output optics of the TIR measurements as appropriate, for example when the input and output optics comprise one or more movable or electro-optical components such as shutters, gratings, etalons, mirrors, lenses, Bragg cells, prisms or wavelength selective filters, for example.
  • the processor can be coupled to the second input optics and the second output optics to control the input and output optics of the bulk transmission measurements as appropriate, for example when the input and output optics comprise one or more movable or electro-optical components such as shutters, gratings, etalons, mirrors, lenses, Bragg cells, prisms or wavelength selective filters, for example.
  • the processor can be coupled to the first detector to measure the light from the TIR measurement and the second detector to measure light from the bulk transmission
  • the detectors of the apparatus 100 such as the first detector 545 and the second detector 550 may comprise one or more of many known detectors such as a one or more of photodiode, a phototransistor, a charge coupled device (hereinafter “CCD”) array, or conducting metal oxide semiconductor arrays (hereinafter “CMOS” arrays), for example.
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • CMOS conducting metal oxide semiconductor arrays
  • the detectors or the processor may comprise analog to digital conversion circuitry to provide a digital measurement signal to the processor.
  • the light sources of the apparatus 100 such as the first light source 515 and the second light source 520 may comprise one or more of many known light sources such as lamps, diodes, lasers, laser diodes, tunable lasers, optical parametric oscillators, providing a suitable wavelength of light, for example in the mid infrared as described herein.
  • one or more of the light source or the input optics is coupled to the processor to vary the wavelength of light, for example.
  • the apparatus 100 may comprise similar components connected to the processor for the second measurement stage.
  • the first stage and the second can be interchangeable such that the first measurement stage can be removed and replaced with the second measurement stage.
  • the first measurement stage may comprise the prism 110, sample container 400 and movable transparent support 350 as described herein.
  • the stage may comprise a coil 560 embedded in the container to heat the sample as described herein, and an actuator 565 coupled to the movable transparent support to pressurize the sample.
  • a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor can also be provided on the measurement stage to monitor the pressure and the temperature of the sample.
  • the prism may comprise a Dove prism having the measurement surface 101 to provide the evanescent wave and bulk transmission
  • the processor comprises a tangible medium to store the instructions, such as one or more of random access memory (hereinafter “RAM”), read only memory (hereinafter “ROM”), flash memory, gate array logic, a gate array, or a field programmable gate array, for example.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • flash memory gate array logic
  • gate array a gate array
  • field programmable gate array for example.
  • the processor may comprise a processor system comprising a plurality of processor in communication with each other, for example.
  • the processors communicate with each other with one or more known communication methods and apparatus such as wireless communication, a shared bus, a shared drive, serial communication, the Internet, and combinations thereof, for example.
  • Figure 6 A shows a measurement apparatus 100 comprising a removable sample holder 400 and spectrometer 200 to measure a sample.
  • the spectrometer apparatus 100 comprises one or more components as described herein, such as the processor 555 comprising instructions coupled to the detector 220 and spectrometer optics 200 comprising a light source 210.
  • the removable sample holder may comprise a gravimetric washing container 401 to measure a blood sample 30.
  • the removable sample holder 400 can be configured in one or more of many ways with the spectral encoding material 150 in order to encode the measurement signal of the sample.
  • the spectral encoding material 150 may comprise a layer of material on an upper surface of the waveguide 250 as described herein, for example.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise one or more of a solution, particles, a suspension within the container, for example.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a layer of material on a wall 407 of the container, for example.
  • the container 401 is coupled to the spectroscopic
  • the internally reflective structure at the base of the container may comprise a waveguide 250 optically coupled to the cells such as red blood cells placed in the container.
  • the container comprises a vertically extending length 405 to provide gravimetric separation.
  • a cover or lid 410 extends over an upper portion of the container.
  • the cover comprises an opening 415 formed in the cover.
  • the sample can be introduced into the container in many ways.
  • a drop of blood 30 can be introduced into the container.
  • a capillary tube comprising a blood sample can be advanced so as to extend into the opening in the cover to position at least an end of the capillary tube into the solution 430 within the container.
  • the measurement apparatus 100 comprises a support 160 fixed in relation to the spectrometer optics such that the container 401 can be placed on the support and measured with the optics aligned with the optics of the sample holder 400 as described herein.
  • the support 160 may comprise a lower support 425 fixed in relation to the optics of the spectrometer such that the container can be placed on the lower support.
  • the container may comprise an upper support 420 comprising an engagement structure 170 affixed to the container such that the container can be removed.
  • the fixed lower support 425 can be sized to receive a portion of the container in order to engage the upper support engagement structure 170.
  • the measurement apparatus comprises input coupling optics 230 such as a lens to couple to the waveguide structure of the container, and output coupling optics 240 such as lens to couple to the output of the waveguide structure to photodetectors 220.
  • the upper support, the lower support and the coupling optics are arranged to couple the waveguide to the coupling optics when the upper support rests on the lower support.
  • the upper support comprises a lower flange or rim of the container sized and shaped to be received with the lower support and align the waveguide structure with the coupling optics when received in the lower support.
  • Gravimetric separation can be performed in a solution 430.
  • the solution can be isotonic compared to blood, or can be hypertonic or hypotonic compared to blood, and combinations thereof. Hypertonic or hypotonic solution can result in conformational changes in red blood cells which may be useful for subsequent analysis.
  • the solution can comprise saline.
  • the solution can comprise components with known spectral bands for spectroscopic calibration, such as for example ethanol or methanol, and each spectrum can be determined in response to the known spectral bands, for example.
  • a container, of solution can be positioned on top of a prism or other spectrometer sampling element, for example such as a waveguide as shown in Figure 6A.
  • the container can be shaped in one or more of many ways and may comprise a cylindrical column, for example.
  • the container comprises a vertically extending length sufficient to allow gravimetric separation of the red blood cells from other components of the red blood cell sample such as the serum or plasma.
  • the container column is placed on top of a waveguide structure such as prism, for example.
  • the container may comprise a lower membrane having a thickness less than the 1/e depth of the evanescent wave in order to measure the blood sample through the membrane.
  • the lower membrane may comprise the spectral encoding material 150.
  • a thin optically transmissive layer of spectral encoding material 150 can be located on the upper surface of the waveguide, in which the thin material comprises a thickness less than the 1/e penetration depth of the evanescent wave, for example.
  • the upper surface of the waveguide can be configured to receive the sample, such that the sample is placed on the layer of spectral encoding material located on the upper surface.
  • the layer of spectral encoding material 150 may be located on the lower surface of the waveguide opposite the upper surface, or the surface of the waveguide configured to receive the sample.
  • the waveguide structure can be dimensioned in one or more of many ways as disclosed herein.
  • the waveguide comprises a first end 252 to receive light energy and a second end 254 to transmit light energy.
  • the wave guide may comprise an upper surface 256 on an upper side oriented toward the sample and a lower surface 258 on a lower side oriented away from the sample.
  • the waveguide may comprise a thickness extending between the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • the waveguide comprises a length extending in a direction of propagation from the first end to the second end.
  • the waveguide may comprise a width transverse to the length.
  • the waveguide comprises a width greater than the thickness and a length greater than the width in order to provide a plurality of internal reflections of the
  • the ends of the waveguide can be configured in one or more of many ways and may comprise surfaces extending perpendicular to a long dimension of the waveguide, or inclined at an angle so as to comprise prismatic surfaces.
  • the waveguide comprises a prism, for example a dove prism as described herein.
  • the removable container 401 may comprise the waveguide structure 250.
  • the waveguide structure can be removable with the container and located on the lower end of the container.
  • the container can be removed or placed with the upper lid with comprising an upper hole or capillary for introducing sample into the container.
  • a sample comprising red blood cells can be introduced to the container, and the relatively heavier red blood cells can be separated gravimetrically and settle onto the sampling surface either before or after the container has been placed on the support.
  • the red blood cells can be washed by the solution during the gravimetric separation, such that potential contaminants can be removed from the measurement.
  • Figure 6B shows a removable container 401 as in Figure 6 A removed from the spectrometer.
  • the container comprises a removable container, such that the container comprises a single use consumable item and the spectrometer components can be reused.
  • the apparatus comprises a fixed support structure that engages a removable support 420 affixed to the container.
  • the container can be accurately coupled to the spectrometer with an engagement structure 170 such as a flange, collar, or other support on the container itself.
  • the spectrometer and associated light source and detector can be used to take measurements with the waveguide 250 on the lower end of the container.
  • the lower support 425 is fixed in relation to the optics of the spectrometer, such that placement of the container comprising the waveguide can be aligned with the measurement optics when placed in order to provide accurate spectroscopic measurements.
  • the lower support 425 may be fixed in relation to the spectrometer optics, the lower support 425 and spectrometer optics can be moved together, for example when spectrometer apparatus 100 comprises a portable spectrometer.
  • One or more of the upper support engagement structure 170 or the lower support 425 can be sized and shaped in order to position the waveguide with a position and orientation for measurement of the cells on the lower surface of the container, for example.
  • Additional components can also be added to the container to alter the sample if helpful.
  • gluteraldehyde can be added to the column to alter red blood cell membrane structure.
  • a plurality of gravimetric separation containers is provided, in which each container of the plurality comprises a removable single use consumable container.
  • the spectrally encoded measurement signal can be analyzed in one or more of many ways in order to identify the spectrally encoded signal.
  • spectra can be measured from the sample and statistical analysis methods can be used to generate a plurality of factors, the values of the factors can be used to determine the encode spectral signal, for example.
  • the plurality of factors may comprise a plurality of functions upon which the data can be projected in order to determine the amount, or concentration, of each function in the sample.
  • the values of the factors corresponding to the spectral encoding material can be used to determine the identity of the spectral encoding material.
  • the factors can be orthogonal or non-orthogonal, for example.
  • the analysis can comprise one or more of principle components analysis (PCA), principle components regression (PCR), multivariate curve resolution (MCR), classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares regression (PLS), neural networks, or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches, for example.
  • the factors are orthogonal to each other.
  • at least some of the factors may comprise non-orthogonal factors.
  • One or more relevant factors can be identified.
  • the red blood cell status or history can be determined in response to the one or more relevant factors along with the factors of the spectral encoding material measured with the red blood cells.
  • the history of the red blood cells comprises a control of the red blood cells of the subject, for example a control of a condition such as high blood pressure of the subject.
  • the one or more relevant factors may comprise one or more statistically relevant factors, for example.
  • a plurality of spectral bands comprise peaks related to structure of the cell such as protein structure of the red blood cell.
  • the Amide I band of frequencies comprising the Amide I peak may correspond to alpha helix protein structures of the proteins of the red blood cell membrane.
  • the Amide II band of frequencies comprising the Amide II peak may correspond to beta-sheet protein structures of the cell membrane.
  • the band of frequencies comprising the Amide III band may correspond to disordered protein structures of the cell membrane.
  • the determination of factors corresponding to these spectral bands and the shifts of peaks and intensities of these spectral bands in response to the measure spectra can be used to determine the one or more biomarkers of the cellular membrane such as the red blood cell membrane.
  • the spectral bands of the spectral encoding material 150 may comprise one or more peaks at different spectral locations from the sample, in order to facilitate determination of the identity of the sample, for example.
  • deformation of the red blood cell membrane results in measurable spectroscopic changes to the red blood cell membrane that can be measured as described herein.
  • the measurable changes may comprise shifts in the spectral peaks as disclosed herein.
  • the spectroscopic changes to the red blood cell membrane can be substantially instantaneous, for example upon deformation of the red blood cell membrane.
  • the spectroscopic changes to the red blood cell membrane may comprise changes occurring over the history of the red blood cell, for example over a long term three month history corresponding to the 90 to 120 day functional lifetime of the red blood cell.
  • the factors can be used to determine the history of the red blood cell, and can be used to determine the long term control of a condition such as hypertension, for example.
  • the long term control may comprise a conformational change to the red blood cell membrane that can be determined with at least one factor as disclosed herein, for example with a relationship among factors as disclosed herein.
  • the biomarker amplifies an optical spectral signal.
  • the spectrally encoded signal can be similarly amplified.
  • providing the spectral encoding material 150 on the surface of the holder 400 can result in amplification of the spectrally encoded signal in a manner similar to the amplification of the biomarker signal.
  • the biomarker may comprise a change to cell membrane, such as a conformational change to a protein of a red blood cell membrane or a ratio of components of the red blood cell membrane as disclosed herein, for example.
  • the red blood cells comprise a long dimension that can extend along the measurement surface and optically couple the red blood cell membrane to the evanescent wave measurement surface, the measured signal can be amplified substantially.
  • a substance related to the health status of the subject may not itself be detectable with the spectral measurements.
  • the measurement of the red blood cell membrane can provide, however, an optical spectral signal to determine the presence of the substance.
  • spectral changes of the red blood cell membrane provided with aspirin as disclosed herein can be used to identify a response of the red blood cell membrane to aspirin, even though the presence of aspirin itself may not be detectable spectroscopically in some embodiments.
  • the optical waveguide can be configured to provide a plurality of reflections from the evanescent wave measurement surface in order to provide an increased amplification of the measured evanescent wave signal.
  • the sample can comprise red blood cells 40, as shown.
  • the ends of the germanium can be AR coated.
  • the germanium optical structure may comprise one or more inclined prism surfaces as described herein, and may comprise waveguide as described herein, for example.
  • Table 1 shows penetration depths for various angles of incidence and wavelengths in different sampler surfaces (diamond, silicon, and germanium), in accordance with embodiments.
  • the thickness of the layer of spectral encoding material can be less than the penetration depth in order to provide measurement of the sample and the spectral encoding material, for example.
  • the thickness of the spectral encoding layer can be no more than any one or more of the following percentages of the penetration depth: 50%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 7%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, or 0.1%.
  • germanium 35 0.591 1.33 4.02 7 germanium 45 0.443 1.33 4.02 7 germanium 75 0.305 1.33 4.02 7 germanium 35 0.845 1.33 4.02 10 germanium 45 0.634 1.33 4.02 10 germanium 75 0.436 1.33 4.02 10
  • Figure 7 shows a cross section of a red blood cell 40 in accordance with
  • the circular cross section shows structures of the red blood cell membrane 46, trans-membrane proteins 50, and structural proteins 54 within the red blood cell.
  • the circular cross sectional view shows the lipid bi-layer 48 of the red blood cell membrane, which may comprise a phospholipid bi-layer for example, cholesterol, and phosphatidyl choline, for example.
  • the ratio of components of the lipid bi-layer can be measured in accordance with embodiments.
  • the trans-membrane protein 50 may comprise one or more of many known membrane proteins, such as trans membrane proteins 52, for example.
  • the membrane protein may comprise one or more of Band 3, Ankyrin, CD47, Rh, or Glycophorin, for example.
  • the red blood cell membrane may comprise trans-membrane protein such as Ankyrin extending through the membrane in order to transmit ions for example.
  • the red blood cell membrane may comprise interior protein such as spectrin protein, for example a spectrin network 58 extending substantially along an interior of the cell membrane and interior to the cell wall.
  • the red blood cell membrane corresponds to a fluid mosaic model of biological membranes, and membranes in addition or alternative to the red blood cell membrane can be measured.
  • the membrane may comprise membrane proteins which are mobile within the phospholipid and cholesterol layer.
  • the spectrin network of the membrane skeleton 56 provides strength to the red blood cell membrane by interacting with the other proteins of the membrane as described herein.
  • changes in the red blood cell membrane and structures associated with the red blood cell membrane can be measured.
  • lipids can be measured and changes in lipids, lipid ratios and changes in lipid ratios, proteins can be measured, protein ratios can be measured and protein to lipid ratios can be measured.
  • the measurement in the analysis of the red blood cell membrane can be performed in one or more of many ways, for example with one or more of principal components analysis (PCA) principle components regression (PCR), multivariate curve resolution (MCR), classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares regression (PLS), neural networks, or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches.
  • PCA principal components analysis
  • MCR multivariate curve resolution
  • CLS classical least squares
  • PLS partial least squares regression
  • neural networks or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches.
  • Figure 8 shows an enlarged view of the red blood cell membrane 46 placed on a support structure 105 for measurement in accordance with embodiments.
  • the support comprises an optically transmissive material as disclosed herein and the evanescent field 125, an evanescent vector extends at least partially beyond an upper measurement surface 101 of the support on which the red blood cell membrane resides.
  • a light wave is infinite on the upper surface of the support at an incidence angle 120 of theta.
  • the measurement light 115 comprises a wavelength lambda.
  • the depth 135 of the evanescent field comprises a zone of sensitivity 130.
  • the zone of sensitivity can be adjusted based on combinations of one or more of the incidence angle ⁇ (theta) and the wavelength of light ⁇ (lambda), in order to limit the depth of the zone of sensitivity of the measurement.
  • the limitation of the measurement depth provides measurement of the cell membrane on the surface, such as the red blood cell membrane and corresponding structures such as the trans-membrane proteins 52 and the structural proteins 54, and inhibits measurement of deeper structures such as hemoglobin 60, for example.
  • the measured structures of the membrane can be structures of the intact cell, and may comprise one or more of the trans-membrane protein Ankyrin and the structural protein Spectrin, for example.
  • the red blood cell may comprise an intact red blood cell as described herein.
  • the zone of sensitivity can inhibit measurement of hemoglobin with a zone of sensitivity corresponding substantially to the red blood cell membrane, the lipid bi-layer of the red blood cell membrane, trans-membrane proteins of the red blood cell membrane, and structural support proteins of the red blood cell membranes, such as, spectrin for example.
  • hemoglobin is positioned within the intact red blood cell at locations away from the red blood cell membrane such that the zone of sensitivity does not extend substantially into a hemoglobin molecule and, for example, does not extend across a hemoglobin molecule within the red blood cell membrane.
  • the red blood cell may comprise a substantially intact red blood cell that is at least partially dried, comprising no more than about 60% water by weight.
  • the red blood cell may comprise a substantially intact red blood cell that is at least partially hydrated, comprising at least about 60% water by weight.
  • the blood sample to be analyzed may comprise red blood cells of a uniform hydration state, or may comprise red blood cells of various hydration states.
  • ratios of components of the red blood cell or other membranes of another cell can be measured. For example, the ratio of phosphatidyl choline to cholesterol can be measured. The ratios of phospholipids to other components can be measured such as the ratio of one or more lipid components to a ratio of one or more protein components.
  • the components of the red blood cell membrane can be measured in one or more of many ways, and reference is made to spectroscopy merely by way of example in accordance with embodiments.
  • rheology can be used to measure the components of the red blood cell membrane.
  • rheology measurements can be used as a reference to correlate to spectral measurements as described herein. The rheology
  • the measurement apparatus may comprise one or more capillary tubes having a diameter size to inhibit flow and limit flow and provide at least some resistance to blood flow, for example.
  • the rheology of the plurality of red blood cells measured may correspond to structural aspects of the surface exterior, which can be affected by one or more substances on the surface of the red blood cells, for example.
  • the rheology components can be measured with a transform function and transfer function.
  • the flow characteristics of the red blood cells of the blood sample through capillary tubes can be measured and the impedance profiles determined for plurality of frequencies in order to determine a transform function spectra.
  • the impedance of the blood flow through the one or more capillary tubes is measured at a plurality of frequencies in order to provide a spectrum.
  • the mechanical spectral data can be combined with optical spectral data as described herein. Alternatively, the mechanical spectral data can be used to determine the presence of one or more biomarkers.
  • the rheology embodiments are well suited for combination with the optical embodiments.
  • the aggregation of red blood cells can affect the measured flow parameters of the blood, and the aggregation of the red blood cells can also be related to one or more surface components of the red blood cell membrane as described herein, for example.
  • the analysis comprises a principal component analysis (PCA), comprising the plurality of dimensions and the dimensions may comprise orthogonal eigenvectors for example.
  • PCA principal component analysis
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art will have at least some familiarity with PCA, and can determine the presence or absence of biomarkers from a blood sample with PCA, for example.
  • Figure 9A shows a side view of a sample holder 400 comprising a spectrally encoding material 150 and support 160.
  • the sample holder 400 may comprise a disc shaped sample holder 260 having an inclined bevel 262 extending circumferentially around an outer surface.
  • the disc shaped sample holder 260 may comprise an upper surface 264 and a lower surface 266 opposite the upper surface, the upper surface comprising an upper diameter 265 and the lower surface comprising a lower diameter 267. In many embodiments, the upper diameter is larger than the lower diameter.
  • the engagement structure 170 may comprise an inclined surface 262 extending between the upper surface and the lower surface. The engagement structure 170 can be sized to fit within support 160 and align the sample holder 400 with optics as described herein.
  • Figure 9B shows a top view of a sample holder 400 as in Figure 9A.
  • the spectrally encoding material 150 may be located on the upper surface 264, on the lower surface 266, or on both the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample holder.
  • an optical structure as described herein can be provided instead of the calibration material or in combination with the spectral encoding material.
  • the optical structure comprises a spectrally encoding optical structure.
  • the spectrally encoding optical structure may comprise a response that varies with wavelength in order to encode one or more of the reference signal, the identification signal, or the verification signal.
  • the one or more of the reference signal, the identification signal, or the verification signal may comprise components of a spectral decomposition as described herein, for example.
  • Figures 10A and 10B show a side view of a sample holder 400 having an optical structure 155 to identify the sample holder.
  • the optical structure 155 can be placed at one or more of many locations to provide spectrally encoded signal of the measurement signal similar to the spectral encoding material 150.
  • the spectral encoding optical structure 155 can be located on a measurement surface of the sample holder 400.
  • the spectral encoding optical structure may comprise one or more of a grating, a periodic structure, a periodic phase altering structure, a periodic intensity changing structure, a diffractive optic, or a holographic optic, for example.
  • Figure IOC shows a wavelength dependent spectrally encoded signal from the optical structure of Figures 10A and 10B.
  • the wavelength dependent spectrally encoded signal 157 shows a variation in intensity with wavelength similar to a sample of a diffractive order.
  • the optics of the apparatus 100 can be configured to place the measurement surface of the sample and the optical structure 155 at a location along an optical path corresponding to a far field of the detector optics in order to provide the wavelength dependent signal with a far field of the optical structure 155.
  • optical structure 155 can be located on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of a waveguide as described herein, and the
  • the spectral analysis software may comprise one or more factors corresponding to the wavelength dependent optical signal in order to identify the sample holder 400 in response to the wavelength dependent optical signal.
  • the sample holder 400 may comprise an
  • identification signal from one or more of an optical signal, a bar code signal, a QR signal, or quantum dots, for example.
  • Figure 11 shows a top view of a sample holder comprising an encoding optical structure 155 in accordance with embodiments.
  • the encoding optical structure may comprise a spectral encoding optical structure as described herein.
  • the encoding optical structure may comprise one or more of an optical signal, a bar code signal, a QR signal, or quantum dots, for example.
  • the encoding optical structure can be located on the sample holder 400 for placement within the field of view of the spectrometer, for example.
  • the encoding structure can be located on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the sample holder or other locations as described herein.
  • the encoding structure 155 may comprise a two dimensional arrangement of structures on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the sample holder, for example.
  • the encoding structure 155 may comprise an arrangement of dots, for example, or an arrangement of super imposed diffractive structures such as crossed diffractive gratings, for example.
  • a second measurement path can be used to measure the optical structure 155, for example with transmission through the surface of the sample holder 400 as described herein.
  • a second measurement path can measure the optical structure 155 with reflection from the optical structure.
  • Figure 12 shows a tube 440 to draw a sample.
  • the draw tube can be used to draw a blood sample 30, such as a sample from a pool of blood on an external surface such as an external surface of a finger 20.
  • the draw tube comprises a permeable membrane having pores sized to wash the sample.
  • the draw tube may comprise an impermeable membrane for placement of the sample in a container as described herein.
  • FIG. 13 shows sample delivery and cell washing with a removable sample holder 400 as described herein.
  • the sample holder 400 may comprise one or more of the spectral encoding material 150 or the spectral encoding structure 155 as described herein.
  • the sample holder 400 may comprise a container 450 coupled to an inlet tube 470 and an outlet tube 475.
  • the inlet tube can provide a rinse solution 480 and the outlet tube can pass rinsate 485 from the sample container.
  • the sample container may comprise an inner portion 455 and an outer portion 460 with the permeable membrane 465 extending therebetween, in order to provide cross-flow filtration, for example.
  • the inlet tube can be connected to the inner portion of the sample container and the outlet tube can be connected to the outer portion of the sample container.
  • An attenuated total reflection (ATR) waveguide crystal 250 can be located on a lower end of the sample container.
  • the cells of the sample 30 can be retained in the draw tube and deposited onto the ATR crystal for measurement as described herein.
  • the rinsate column has the advantage of removing non-cellular material from the measured sample, such as serum or plasma and potential lysate. This rinsate may be used for other measurements that may be related to serum and plasma assays, such as cholesterol, for example.
  • the sample draw tube 440 comprising the semipermeable membrane 465 can be used to collect a blood sample 30, and the draw tube comprising the permeable membrane can be placed in an annular container 450 comprising a column of fluid. Alternatively, a drop of blood can be placed on an upper end of the draw tube in order to receive the blood sample with the tube.
  • the permeable membrane may comprise an approximate pore size of about 5 um in order to inhibit passage of cells through the pores and to allow passage of water and molecules, for example, in order to wash the sample.
  • a cover 490 can be placed over the annular container in order to wash the sample.
  • the cover may comprise a tube extending from the cover.
  • the cover may comprise an opening formed therein coupled to a lumen 445 of the tube 440 to pass fluid from the tube through the cover and into the draw tube.
  • An outlet can be coupled to an outer annular portion of the annular container defined by the draw tube.
  • the draw tube can be placed within the annular container such that the lumen of the draw tube defines a first inner portion of the annular container within the draw tube and a second outer annular portion of the annular container outside the draw tube.
  • the outlet tube can be connected to a lower portion of the outer portion of the container as shown.
  • the outlet tube can be coupled to an upper portion of the sample container, and may be integrated with the cover, for example, such that both the inlet tube and the outlet tube extend from the cover.
  • the ATR waveguide crystal as described herein can be located on a lower end of the annular container, and coupled to spectrometer optics, such that the sample container comprises a removable sample container among a plurality of sample containers as described herein.
  • the waveguide can be located on a lower end of the draw tube, for example.
  • the sample holder 40 comprising the container has the following advantages:
  • sample container can be used with one or more of the following steps:
  • Figure 14 shows components of system 900 comprising a database 905 and a user interface 910 to monitor subjects, in accordance with embodiments.
  • the system 900 can be configured to determine and identify markers of red blood cells related to health, for example.
  • the system 900 may comprise one or more components of the measurement apparatus 970 as described herein, such as one or more components apparatus 100, for example.
  • the measurement apparatus 900 comprises a plurality of the measurement apparatus 100.
  • the system 900 comprises a user interface, which may comprise one or more of the following components: a display, sample data such as biomarker data, user input fields, user menus, and spectral data such as a field displaying the code of the spectrally encoded signal and an associated identifier such as a subject identifier of a subject having a sample measured with the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the system 900 may comprise a plurality of the measurement apparatus.
  • the user interface comprises a display 915 connected to a processor 930 such that the user can view the biomarker data 920 on the display.
  • the processor may comprise a processor system 935 and can store data of the database for the user to see information of the database on the display.
  • the processor comprises a tangible medium 940 storing instructions, such that the user can see the information on the display.
  • the tangible medium may comprise a computer readable medium having one or more of many known forms such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), compact disc CD-ROM, flash RAM.
  • the processor may comprise one or more of a plurality of Internet based cloud servers 945, a remote back end server 950, or a local server 955, or a local processor 960 for example.
  • the display may comprise a display of a hand held processor such as a smart phone in communication with a server, for example.
  • the components of system 900 can
  • communication pathways such as one or more of wireless communication, wired communication, networks, local area networks, the Internet, cellular networks, wireless networks, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks, and combinations thereof.
  • Each measurement apparatus 100 may comprise one or more of the following components: a plurality of sample holders, a spectrometer, a processor and allowable sample ID codes.
  • the allowable sample ID codes can be transmitted to the processor with the communication pathway from a remote server and stored in a tangible medium of the processor such as a computer readable memory, for example.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to read a sample ID code from the sample holder as described herein.
  • Each of the plurality of sample ID codes may correspond to a sample holder that may be used with a specific one of the plurality of the apparatus 100 at a location, for example.
  • the allowable sample ID codes on each processor allow the processor to determine whether a sample container placed in the instrument is suitable for measurement of the sample.
  • the sample ID codes can be used to determine whether a user is attempting to reuse a sample holder comprising container, and not output the measurement data in response to the attempted reuse, as the reused container may comprise one or more contaminants that may decrease the reliability of the measurement.
  • the processor may comprise instructions to log the use of a sample holder 400 as described herein in order to inhibit reuse of the sample holder.
  • the processor may comprise additional or alternative identification of the sample holder 400.
  • the sample holder 400 can be configured with a site identifier in order to identify the sample holder as compatible with the instrument.
  • the sample holder 400 may comprise a code, in which each of the plurality of sample holders comprises the same code in order to identify the sample holder as compatible the surgical site.
  • the allowable sample ID code stored on the processor may comprise the sample ID code of a plurality of the sample holder 400 intended for use at the site where the apparatus 100 is located.
  • the allowable sample ID code comprises a verification code for the ID of the sample holder.
  • the verification code for the ID of the sample holder may comprise one or more codes that can be read from the ID of the sample holder, such as a checksum of the code on the sample holder.
  • the verification code stored on the processor can ensure that the sample is read accurately, for example when the spectral measurement signal of the sample is encoded with the spectral encoding material.
  • the spectral encoding material may be configured to provide a spectrally encoded signal that can be processed so as to provide a verification portion and an
  • the verification portion of the spectrally encoded signal can be derived from the identification portion of the spectrally encoded signal, similar to a checksum, in order to verify that the spectrally encoded signal has been read correctly and that the sample has been measured correctly.
  • the spectral encoding material can be configured with a discrete number of configurations.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a significant number of spectral encoding material configurations can be provided. Although 3 materials are shown, a significantly greater number of spectral encoding materials can be used for example 5 or more, or 10 or more, spectral encoding materials. The percentage amounts for each material can be changed as well, for example with 1% increments instead of 10% increments.
  • the processor system can be configured to determine the configuration of the spectral encoding material as the reference ID code, and compare the configuration with the list of allowable reference ID codes.
  • Additional spectral encoding can be provided to verify the reference ID code.
  • additional materials and combinations of materials can be provided to provide verification.
  • finer resolution values can be provided to encode the verification signal. For example, when the allowable configurations vary by 10% increments, the verification signal can be encoded in 5 % increments in order to define the verification signal.
  • the configuration of each material can be expressed a byte of a word.
  • the first material may comprise a first 8 bit word with approximately 256 discrete resolution values
  • the second material may comprise a second 8 bit word having approximately 256 discrete resolution values
  • the third material may comprise a third 8 bit word having approximately 256 values.
  • the verification spectral encoding verification signal comprises a checksum of the three eight bit words.
  • the checksum may comprise one or more of a parity byte or parity word checksum, a modular sum, or a position-dependent checksum, for example.
  • Each of the 8 bit words can be added with extra values discarded and the two's compliment can be appended as a checksum.
  • the checksum of the three materials provided can be 01110000, for example, and the corresponding twos complement 10010000.
  • a fourth spectral encoding material can be configured with the checksum value of 10010000, for example.
  • the sum of the three eight bit words of 01110000 when added with the checksum verification code of 10010000 provides a value of 00000000 when the spectral encoding materials are accurately measured.
  • the verification of the spectrally encoded signal can verify the accuracy of the sample measurement.
  • the spectrally encoded signal can be configured in many ways. For example, each of the words may comprise more bits or fewer. Also, while encoding is made with reference to three materials to encode the signal and a fourth material to verity the signal other combinations can be used. For example, four 6 bit words could be used with the first 3 words provided with the spectral encoding signal and the fourth word provided as the verification signal.
  • Such a configuration can be provided with three spectral encoding materials, for example.
  • Each material could encode 8 bits for a total of 24 bits, for example, with the first 18 bits used to transmit the spectrally encoded reference code and the last 6 bits used to transmit the spectrally encoded verification code. Alternatively, the order of the bits can be reversed.
  • each material provides a spectrum over several wavelengths, such that an amount of each factor of the decomposed spectral signal may comprise a word of the spectrally encoded signal, and the amount of each factor may correspond to the value of the word.
  • each material may correspond to a plurality of factors from the decomposed spectra, for example five or more factors, each material can have a plurality of 8 bit words associated with an amount of the material.
  • the number of factors can be greater than 10, such that the number of discrete configurations of the spectrally encoded material can be much greater than the combinations of the amount of each material, for example. Therefore for a given composite material, the number of words available for each material can be substantially greater than the number of resolvable percentages of each material.
  • a plurality of factors is used to determine an amount of material in order to increase the available resolution. For example, although reference is made to 8 bit words, the resolution for each material can be much higher, for example 10 bits with a plurality of factors used to determine an amount of each material of the composite spectral encoding material.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise a material treated to provide additional resolvable values suitable for spectral encoding.
  • the spectrally encoded material may comprise a heated material, a stretched material or a material fabricated with extrusion, for example.
  • Figures 15A and 15B show spectrally encoded signatures for first and second fluorescent material combinations. Two different examples using fluorescence spectroscopy in which the underlying fluorophore emissions dictate the overall Spectrally Encoded Signature. Although only two signatures are shown, thousands of signatures, or more, can be produced using three fluorophores, for example. Even more signatures can be produced using more fluorophores, in accordance with embodiments.
  • the spectral encoding structure can be configured similarly to the spectral encoding signal in order to spectrally encode the measurement signal.
  • the spectrally encoding structure may comprise a structure configured to provide a wavelength dependent signal such as one or more of a grating, a periodic structure, a periodic phase altering structure, a periodic intensity changing structure, a diffractive optic, or a holographic structure.
  • the measurement signal may comprise one or more diffractive orders of the spectral encoding structure, for example, such that the spectrally encoded signal provides a wavelength dependent signal.
  • the spectral encoding structure corresponds to a measurable digital signal of a digital word as described herein, in order to transmit one or more words with the spectral encoding structure.
  • the one or more transmitted words may comprise reference a reference portion and a verification portion as described herein, for example.
  • the spectral encoding structure may comprise a digitally generated structure to transmit the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the digitally generated structure can be configured in many ways and may comprise a phase profile structure such as a structure having shape profile corresponding to a modulus of two pi of a target wavefront in order to provide the spectrally encoded signal.
  • the spectrometer can be configured to measure far field of the digital optical structure such that the far field corresponds to a Fourier transform of the spectral encoding structure.
  • the spectral encoding structure can be configured with one or more of a surface profile or an intensity profile corresponding to an inverse Fourier transform of a target signal in order to transmit the target spectrally encoded signal to the detector.
  • Figures 15C and 15D show infrared absorbance spectrally encoded signatures.
  • the spectra have been offset to show the spectral features of the individual components and the composite spectrally encoded signature.
  • the spectra show two different examples using infrared spectroscopy in which the underlying absorbance of each polymer material provides the overall Spectrally Encoded Signature. Although only two unique encoded signatures are shown, thousands of signatures can be produced with different intensity combinations of the polymers as described herein. Even more signatures can be produced by increasing the number of polymers. Table 4 below lists materials suitable for use as spectral encoding materials.
  • Figure 16 shows a method 1300 of measuring a sample in accordance with embodiments.
  • a plurality of ready to use sample holders is generated having the spectral encoding material.
  • a plurality of sample holders is provided, the sample holders comprising a spectral encoding material.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprises a spectral encoding calibration material.
  • a plurality of valid sample holder IDs is transmitted to a plurality of measurement apparatus.
  • a sample holder is selected.
  • a sample is placed on the selected sample holder.
  • the sample holder may comprise a container as described herein with the sample placed in the container, for example.
  • the sample on the sample holder is washed.
  • the sample on the sample holder can be washed with a fluid advanced over the sample, or with the sample passing through the fluid gravimetrically, as described herein, for example.
  • the sample holder is placed on a spectrometer.
  • the sample holder can be placed on a fixed support of the spectrometer such that the sample holder is aligned with one or more optical components of the spectrometer, for example.
  • the sample on the sample holder is illuminated with one or more light beams.
  • the one or more light beams can illuminate the sample with the spectral encoding material or the optical structure, or both, as described herein so as to encode the measurement light beam with spectral information.
  • one or more spectrally encoded spectra are measured with the one or more light beams.
  • the measured spectrally encoded spectra can be encoded with one or more of the spectral encoding material, the optical structure or the calibration material as described herein.
  • the one or more spectra are decomposed.
  • the one or more spectra can be decomposed in one or more of many ways, such as with one or more of chemo- metrics, principal component analysis, or singular value decomposition.
  • one or more factors of the spectra are determined with spectral decomposition.
  • the factors can be orthogonal or non-orthogonal, for example.
  • the analysis can comprise one or more of principle components analysis (PCA), principle components regression (PCR), multivariate curve resolution (MCR), classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares regression (PLS), neural networks, or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches, for example.
  • PCA principle components analysis
  • PCR principle components regression
  • MCR multivariate curve resolution
  • CLS classical least squares
  • PLS partial least squares regression
  • neural networks or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches, for example.
  • the factors are orthogonal to each other.
  • at least some of the factors may comprise non-orthogonal factors.
  • the decomposed spectral signal comprises a plurality of parameters such as a plurality of factors of the measured one or more spectra.
  • the plurality of parameters comprises components corresponding to the spectral encoding material and components corresponding to the sample.
  • the parameters corresponding to the spectral encoding signal can be identified.
  • the spectral encoding material is arranged to provide a plurality of discrete values of the parameters, and the plurality of parameter can be fit to discrete values corresponding to allowed values of the spectral encoding material.
  • a reference code of the spectrally encoded signal is determined.
  • the plurality of parameters can be converted into a reference code for the sample.
  • the reference code for the sample may comprise a sample identification code or other helpful code such as a code identifying the sample holder as a member of a class of sample holders, such as sample holders identified as suitable for use with a particular measurement apparatus at a particular measurement site.
  • a first verification code of the spectrally encoded signal is determined.
  • the first verification code may comprise verification code of the plurality of spectral parameters.
  • the first verification code may comprise one or more of the plurality of spectral parameters from the decomposed spectra.
  • the first verification code may comprise a plurality of spectral factors encoded with the spectral encoding material.
  • the spectral encoding material can be configured, for example arranged, so as to provide the spectral encoding signal with the first verification code in order to transmit the first verification code with the reference code and to verify the integrity of the reference code and confirm the spectrometer is operational.
  • the first verification code can be similar to a checksum or cryptographic hash function or other value transmitted with the reference signal.
  • a second verification code is determined from the reference code.
  • the second verification code can be determined with an algorithm applied to the reference code.
  • the algorithm can be similar to a checksum or cryptographic hash function applied with digital data transmission to verify a portion of the digital data signal.
  • the first verification code determined from the factors is compared with the second verification code determined from the reference code. This verification can ensure that the sample has been measured accurately, and may also ensure that the spectrometer is calibrated when the spectral encoding material comprises a spectral encoding reference material.
  • a step 1332 Determine whether the first verification code matches the second verification code.
  • the first verification code can be compared digitally with the second verification code in order to determine whether the first verification code matches the second verification code in a manner similar to the output of a check sum or cryptographic hash function applied to the transmitted data can be compared to the answer transmitted with the data to ensure data integrity.
  • the measurement of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra is identified as valid in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
  • the reference code is defined as a sample holder identification (ID). This step can be performed earlier in the method, and in many embodiments the reference signal comprises the sample holder identification.
  • one or more of a plurality of valid sample holder IDs is transmitted to a site having a measurement apparatus.
  • the valid sample holder IDs can be used to determine whether the sample holder is suitable for use with the measurement apparatus.
  • the valid sample holder can be limited to sample holders assigned to the specific measurement apparatus based on the valid IDs for example. This can ensure that the sample holders provided are compatible with the measurement apparatus 100. Also, re-use of a sample holder can be detected and no measurement output or an error transmitted to the user. Also, an after-market sample holder that has not been verified by the manufacturer can be detected and blocked.
  • the sample holder ID is compared with one or more a plurality of valid sample holder IDs.
  • the plurality of valid sample holder IDs may comprise values transmitted from a server to each of the plurality of measurement apparatus 100 as described herein.
  • a step 1342 data of the spectrally encoded spectra is provided to a user in response to the sample holder ID matching one or more of the plurality of valid sample holder IDs.
  • the measurement of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra is rejected in response to the sample holder ID not matching one or more valid sample holder IDs
  • calibration of the measurement apparatus is determined in response to the one or more spectrally encoded spectra.
  • the sample holder ID is associated with a subject ID.
  • one or more biomarkers is determined in response to the one or more spectrally encoded spectra.
  • the one or more biomarkers associated with the subject ID and the sample holder ID is displayed in response to the one or more spectrally encoded spectra.
  • a step 1356 user input of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra and one or more biomarkers is received.
  • data of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra is transmitted to a database.
  • an ID of the selected sample holder is transmitted to the database.
  • the sample holder ID is removed from plurality of valid sample holder IDs in order to inhibit reuse of the sample holder.
  • method 1300 is shown with reference to a method of measuring a sample in accordance with embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many variations and adaptations. For example, one or more of the steps can be removed. Steps can be added. The order of the steps can be changed. Some of the steps may comprise sub-steps of other steps.
  • One or more of the processors as described herein can be configured with instructions to perform one or more of the steps of the method 300 of measuring a sample.
  • spectral encoding material as described herein can be replaced or combined with the spectral encoding structure in accordance with the embodiments as described herein.
  • Table 4 lists spectral materials suitable for encoding as described herein.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise one or more of the materials listed in Table 4.
  • the spectral encoding material may comprise any number of spectral encoding materials as described herein.
  • Poloxamer 105 PEG-PPG copolymer
  • Wax White Bees Wax
  • Wax Yellow Bees Wax
  • Emulgator E 2149 Stearyl Alcohol and Esters Mixture

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Abstract

A sample holder comprises a spectral encoding material to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectral identification signal. The spectral encoding material has the advantage of providing an encoded signal with the measurement signal, which can help to ensure that the sample is appropriately identified. The sample holder may comprise one or more of a support, a container, a waveguide, or a substrate. The spectral encoding material may comprise a spectrally encoding solution, spectrally encoding particles, or one or more spectrally encoding layers of material. The spectral encoding material may comprise a calibration material, such as a polymer.

Description

SPECTRALLY ENCODED CONSUMABLE SPECTROMETER
APPARATUS AND METHODS
CROSS-REFERENCE
[0001] The present PCT patent application claims priority to U.S. Prov. App. Ser. No.
62/083,650, filed November 24, 2014, entitled "SPECTRALLY ENCODED
CONSUMABLE SPECTROMETER APPARATUS AND METHODS" (attorney docket no. 45006-706.101), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] The subject matter of the present application is related to: U.S. App. Ser. No.
62/005,522, filed on May 30, 2014, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
DETERMINING HEALTH BY ANALYSIS OF BLOOD" (attorney docket no. 45006- 704.103); U.S. App. Ser. No. 61/984,244, filed on April 25, 2014, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING HEALTH BY ANALYSIS OF BLOOD" (attorney docket no. 45006-704.102); U.S. App. Ser. No. 61/946,494, filed on February 28, 2014, entitled "METHOD OF DETERMINING BLOOD PRESSURE AND OTHER MARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH BY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD SERUM" (attorney docket no. 45006-704.101); and U.S. App. Ser. No. 61/847,670, filed on
July 18, 2013, entitled "Spectroscopic Measurement of Metabolites with Parallel Array Detector" (attorney docket no. 45006-703.101); the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The field of the present disclosure is related to optical measurements of samples and in particular to the optical measurement of samples obtained from patients. Although specific reference is made to the measurement of blood samples, embodiments as disclosed herein will find application in many fields where spectroscopic measurement of samples may be helpful such as diabetes monitoring, epidemiology, space exploration, and spectroscopy.
[0004] The prior methods and apparatus of measuring and identifying samples can be less than ideal in at least some respects. Work in relation to embodiments suggests that prior methods and apparatus for identifying samples may be more complicated than would be ideal, and at least some of the prior methods and apparatus used to identify samples can result in less than ideal sample identification in at least some instances. For example, although sample identification (ID) with codes such as bar codes or radio frequency identification (RFID) have been proposed in the past, such codes can make the identification process more complicated than would be ideal. A separate scanning device may be used in at least some instances, for example, and an additional step of scanning the ID may be appropriate.
Further, such prior ID codes may not help to improve the accuracy of the measurement.
[0005] Prior reusable sample containers can provide less than ideal results as a prior sample can interfere with a more recent sample. Although disposable containers can be used the prior reusable containers can provide less than Work in relation to embodiments also suggests that it may be possible for a user to decouple the ID code from the sample, for example. Such user initiated decoupling may decrease the accuracy of the sample identification, for example.
[0006] Work in relation to embodiments of the present disclosure suggests that prior methods of identifying diagnostic samples from subjects can be somewhat more complex and may be less accurate than would be ideal in at least some instances. For example, the process of identifying sample holders from subjects and associating the sample measurement with a particular subject can be somewhat more complex than would be ideal.
[0007] In light of the above, improved methods and apparatus to identify samples such as samples of subjects would be helpful. Ideally the improved methods and apparatus would provide one or more of the following: improved accuracy of sample measurements, improved identification of the sample, decreased complexity of the measurement apparatus, or improved ease of use.
SUMMARY
[0008] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide improved methods and apparatus of measuring samples. In many embodiments, a sample holder comprises a spectral encoding material to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectral identification signal. The spectral encoding material has the advantage of providing an encoded signal with the measurement signal, which can help to ensure that the sample is appropriately identified. Also, the spectral encoding material can be measured with the apparatus to measure the spectral signal from the sample, such that an additional reader may not be necessary, and the sample identification can be more difficult to decouple from the sample measurement. In many embodiments, the spectral signal comprises the sample identification. Alternatively or in combination, the spectral signal may comprise verification code to verify the sample identification. The sample holder can be configured in one or more of many ways and may comprise one or more of a support, a container, a waveguide, or a substrate. The spectral encoding material can be provided with the sample holder in many ways, and may comprise one or more of a spectrally encoding solution, spectrally encoding particles, or one or more spectrally encoding layers of material. The spectrally encoding solution can be provided with a sample container. Alternatively or in combination, the one or more layers can be provided with a measurement structure such as an optically transmissive waveguide. The spectral encoding material may comprise a calibration material, such as a polymer. In many embodiments, the spectral measurement of the sample is obtained with a measurement signal transmitted at least partially through the spectral encoding material, which can decrease the volume of the spectrally encoding material and provide a compact spectrally encoded sample holder. In many embodiments, the spectral encoding material comprises a calibration material in order to ensure the accuracy of the sample measurement.
[0009] In many embodiments, a processor comprises instructions to determine a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal, and instructions to determine the verification code from the reference code, in order to validate the measurement signal. The processor may comprise instructions to determine a first verification code in response to a decomposition of the one or more spectra and a second verification code from the reference code of the spectrally encoded signal, and instructions to identify the spectrally encoded signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
[0010] In many embodiments, the reference code comprises an identification code of the sample holder and the verification code is configured to verify the identification code, and the processor comprises instructions to determine the verification code from the identification code.
[0011] In many embodiments, the spectral encoding material comprises one or more NIST traceable reference materials, and the spectral encoding comprises reference spectral encoding. The reference code and the verification code can be determined from the one or more NIST traceable materials. The processor may comprise instructions to identify the measurement signal as a valid measurement signal in response to a second verification code determined from the reference code matching the verification code from the spectral decomposition.
[0012] In one aspect, an apparatus to measure a sample comprises a sample holder to receive the sample, the sample holder comprising one or more of a spectral encoding material or a spectral encoding structure to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectrally encoded signal. [0013] The spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of materials configured to provide a reference code and a verification code with the spectrally encoded signal. The holder may comprise one or more of a support, a substrate, a waveguide, or a container.
[0014] The holder may comprise an optically transmissive structure to measure the sample with an evanescent wave. The holder may further comprise a layer on the optically transmissive structure, the layer comprising the spectral encoding material in order to encode the measurement signal of the sample with a spectral signal of the layer. The layer may comprise an at least partially optically transmissive layer having a thickness no more than a penetration distance of the evanescent wave in order to measure the sample through the spectral encoding material. The layer may comprise a thickness of no more than about 0.3 um, or no more than about 0.1 um. The layer may comprise a NIST traceable polymer. The NIST traceable polymer may comprise polystyrene. The layer may comprise two or more NIST traceable polymers. The spectral encoding material may comprise an absorbance and the layer may comprise a thickness dimensioned to transmit at least a portion of the light energy through the layer in order to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal with light transmitted through the layer. The optically transmissive structure may comprise a support to receive a portion of the sample on a surface of the layer in order to measure the sample on the surface and the layer with the evanescent wave. The optically transmissive structure may comprise a surface to receive the sample and a second surface away from the surface to receive the sample, and the layer comprising the spectral encoding material may be located on the second surface away from the surface to receive the sample.
[0015] The holder may comprise a fluid, the fluid comprising the spectral encoding material. The fluid may comprises one or more of a suspension, a gel, or a solution comprising the spectral encoding material, and light may be transmitted into the suspension, the gel, or the solution in order to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal.
[0016] The spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of NIST traceable polymers.
[0017] The spectrally encoded signal may comprise a unique spectral identification. The spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of NIST traceable polymer materials in a predetermined ratio in order to provide the unique spectral identification. The spectral encoding material may comprise one or more NIST traceable polymer materials configured with one or more of stretching or heating in a predetermined configuration in order to provide the unique spectral signature. The unique spectral identification may comprise one of about one million or more unique spectral identifications capable of being separately resolved and provided with ratios of similar spectral encoding materials.
[0018] The spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of reference spectral peaks at spectral locations away from a plurality of sample peaks of the sample. The spectral encoding material may comprise a reference material to provide a reference signal. The plurality of reference spectral peaks may comprise identifiable reference spectral peaks in order to one or more of calibrate or verify wavelength measurements of the apparatus.
[0019] The spectral encoding material may comprise a plurality of reference spectral peaks at spectral locations overlapping with a plurality of sample peaks.
[0020] The spectral encoding material may be supported with the sample holder and arranged in order to measure the sample and the spectral encoding material with a light beam of a spectrometer.
[0021] The sample holder may comprise an engagement structure to couple to a
spectrometer. The engagement structure may comprise a size and shape to engage a support of a spectrometer. The sample holder may comprise a consumable single use sample holder.
[0022] The apparatus may further comprise a spectrometer to couple to the sample holder. The spectrometer may comprise one or more optical components and a support to engage the sample holder, in order to align the sample holder with the one or more optical components when the support engages the sample holder. The sample holder may comprise a container sized to contain a solution to wash the sample. The container may comprise a waveguide on a lower end of the container to measure the sample with an evanescent wave of the waveguide.
[0023] The apparatus may further comprise a processor coupled to a detector to measure the sample, the processor comprising instructions to determine an identification of the holder from the spectrally encoded signal. The processor may comprise instructions to determine a unique identification of the holder from the spectrally encoded signal of the material. The unique identification may comprise a unique identification of one of a plurality of sample holders, each of the plurality of sample holders having a unique spectral encoding material in order to provide the unique identification for said each of the plurality of sample holders. The processor, the detector and the spectral encoding material may be capable of uniquely identifying the holder from a plurality of about one million holders having similar spectral encoding materials. The unique identification may comprise a unique identification of one of a plurality of sample holders, each of the plurality of sample holders having a unique spectral encoding material in order to provide a unique identification for said each of the plurality of sample holders.
[0024] The processor may comprise instructions to record a sample measurement in response to the unique identification. The processor may comprise instructions that do not enable output of the sample measurement in response to the unique identification such that the sample holder comprises a single use sample holder. The spectral encoding material may comprise a unique identification and the processor may comprise instructions to determine the unique identification from the spectrally encoded signal. The processor may comprise instructions to compare the unique identification of the holder to one or more allowable sample holder identifications. The process may enable one or more of measurement of the sample or output of the measurement when the unique identification is associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications. The processor may be configured with the instructions such that one or more of the output of the measurement of the sample or the measurement of the sample is not enabled when the unique identification is not associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications. The unique identification may be associated with a unique spectrometer identification with one or more of a database of unique spectral identifications or a portion of the unique spectral identification.
[0025] The processor may comprise instructions to measure one or more of a red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample. The processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially dried sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, the proteins of the red blood cell, the plasma of the red blood cell, the serum of the red blood cell, or the tissue sample. The processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially dried sample of red blood cells having substantially intact membranes and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially dried sample comprise an amount of hydration of no more than about 60% water by weight. The processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially hydrated sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, the proteins of the red blood cell, the plasma of the red blood cell, the serum of the red blood cell, or the tissue sample. The processor may comprise instructions to measure an at least partially hydrated sample of red blood cells having substantially intact membranes and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially hydrated sample comprises an amount of hydration of at least about 60% water by weight.
[0026] The spectrally encoded signal may comprise an identification portion to identify the sample holder and a verification portion to verify the identification portion. The verification portion may correspond to a sum of the identification portion to verify accurate reading of the identification portion and the verification portion.
[0027] The processor may comprise instructions to determine a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal. The processor may comprise instructions to determine the verification code from the reference code. The processor may comprise instructions to determine a first verification code in response to a decomposition of the one or more spectra, and to determine a second verification code from the reference code. The processor may further comprise instructions to identify data of the measurement signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code. The reference code may comprise an identification code of the sample holder and the first verification code may be configured to verify the identification code. The processor may comprise instructions to determine the second verification code from the identification code and identify the identification code as valid signal in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
[0028] The spectral encoding material may comprise one or more NIST traceable reference materials, and the spectral encoding may comprise reference material spectral encoding. The reference code and the verification code may be determined from the one or more NIST traceable materials. The processor may comprise instructions to identify data of the measurement signal as valid measurement data in response to a second verification code determined from the reference code matching the verification code.
[0029] The spectrally encoded signal may comprise a plurality of spectral decomposition factors of the spectral encoding material. The plurality of spectral decomposition factors may correspond to discrete binary values of the spectrally encoded signal, and the intensities of the plurality of spectral factors may define a digital word comprising a plurality of bytes. An identification portion of the plurality of bytes may define a unique identification of the sample holder, and a verification portion of the plurality of bytes may define a verification code to verify integrity of the unique identification. The verification code may comprise a checksum of the unique identification.
[0030] The apparatus may further comprise a machine readable code associated with the sample holder, wherein the spectrally encoded signal comprises a verification code to confirm the machine readable code associated with the sample holder. The verification code of the spectrally encoded signal may comprise a checksum of the machine readable code. The machine readable code may comprise one or more of an optical code, a barcode scan, a QR code, or a radio frequency ID.
[0031] The one or more of the spectral encoding material or the spectral encoding structure may comprise the spectral encoding structure, and the spectral encoding structure may be configured to provide a wavelength dependent signal. The spectral encoding structure may comprise one or more of a grating, a periodic structure, a periodic phase altering structure, a periodic intensity changing structure, a diffractive optic, or a holographic structure.
[0032] In another aspect, a method comprises providing an apparatus as in any one of the embodiments described herein.
[0033] In another aspect, a method comprises providing a sample holder to receive the sample, the sample holder comprising one or more of a spectral encoding material or a spectral encoding structure to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectrally encoded signal.
[0034] The method may further comprise placing the sample on the sample holder, illuminating the sample holder with a light beam, and measuring the spectrally encoded signal of the sample with a detector coupled to at least a portion of the light beam.
[0035] The sample holder may comprise an optically transmissive structure and a layer comprising the spectral encoding material disposed on the structure, wherein the spectrally encoded signal is measured with an evanescent wave of the light beam. Illuminating the sample holder may comprise transmitting at least a portion of the light beam through the layer to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal with the light transmitted through the layer. The sample holder may comprise a fluid comprising the spectral encoding material, and illuminating the sample holder may comprise transmitting the light beam into the fluid to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal.
[0036] The detector may be coupled to a processor, and the method may further comprise determining, with the processor, an identification of the sample holder from the spectrally encoded signal. The identification may comprise a unique identification of the sample holder. The method may further comprise recording, with the processor, a sample measurement in response to the determination of the unique identification. The sample holder may comprise a single use sample holder, and wherein the method further comprises not enabling, with the processor, output of a sample measurement in response to the determination of the unique identification. The spectral encoding material may comprise a unique identification, and the unique identification of the sample holder may be determined in response to the spectrally encoded signal.
[0037] The method may further comprise comparing, with the processor, the unique identification of the sample holder to one or more allowable sample holder identifications. The method may further comprise enabling, with the processor, one or more of measurement of the sample or output of the measurement when the unique identification is associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications. One or more of the measurement of the sample or the output of the measurement may not be enabled when the unique identification is not associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
[0038] Measuring the spectrally encoded signal may comprise measuring one or more of a red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample. Measuring the spectrally encoded signal may comprise measuring an at least partially dried sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample. Meausring the spectrally encoded signal may comprise measuring an at least partially dried sample of substantially intact red blood cells and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially dried sample comprise an amount of hydration of no more than about 60% water by weight. Measuring the spectrally encoded signal may comprise measuring an at least partially hydrated sample of the one or more of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample. Measuring the spectrally encoded signal may comprise measuring an at least partially hydrated sample of substantially intact red blood cells and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially hydrated sample comprise an amount of hydration of at least about 60% water by weight.
[0039] The detector may be coupled to a processor, and the method may further comprise determining, with the processor, a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal. The verification code may be determined from the reference code. Determining the reference code and the verification code may comprise determining a first verification code in response to a decomposition of the one or more spectra and determining a second verification code from the reference code. The method may further comprise identifying, with the processor, data of the measurement signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code. The reference code may comprise an identification code of the sample holder, and the first verification code may be configured to verify the identification code of the sample holder. The second verification code may be determined from the identification code, and the method may further comprise identifying the identification code as valid in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0040] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0041] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
[0042] Figure 1 shows a blood sample from a subject being placed on a measurement surface of a sample holder comprising a layer of spectrally encoding material in order to measure the blood sample, in accordance with embodiments;
[0043] Figure 2 shows a side profile view and corresponding dimensions of a red blood cell, in accordance with embodiments;
[0044] Figure 3 shows measurement of a blood sample with a sample holder comprising a prism such as a dove prism having a spectral encoding material on a surface thereof in order to identify high blood pressure biomarkers with a first spectrally encoded measurement channel and a second spectrally encoded measurement channel, in accordance with embodiments;
[0045] Figure 4 shows red blood cells located on a measurement surface having a layer of spectral encoding material in order to measure the red blood cells with a spectrally encoded evanescent wave and identify high blood pressure biomarkers of the red blood cell membranes, in accordance with embodiments;
[0046] Figure 5 shows an apparatus to measure a sample with spectral encoding, in accordance with embodiments; [0047] Figure 6A shows a sample gravimetric washing container and spectrometer to measure a blood sample, in accordance with embodiments;
[0048] Figure 6B shows a container as in Figure 6A removed from the spectrometer;
[0049] Figure 6C shows light entering germanium (index of refraction n = 4) at an incident angle of 80 degrees, resulting in total internal reflection and a very shallow 1/e penetration depth of the resulting evanescent wave into the sample, in accordance with embodiments;
[0050] Figure 7 shows a substantially circular cross-section through a red blood cell, in accordance with embodiments;
[0051] Figure 8 shows measurement of a red blood cell membrane and related structures, in accordance with embodiments;
[0052] Figure 9A shows a side view of a sample holder and support, in accordance with embodiments;
[0053] Figure 9B shows a top view of a sample holder as in Figure 9A;
[0054] Figures 10A and 10B show a side view of a sample holder having an optical structure to identify the sample holder, in accordance with embodiments;
[0055] Figure IOC shows a wavelength dependent spectrally encoded signal from the optical structure of Figures 10A and 10B;
[0056] Figure 11 shows a top view of a sample holder comprising an encoding optical structure in accordance with embodiments;
[0057] Figure 12 shows a draw tube, in accordance with embodiments;
[0058] Figure 13 shows sample delivery and cell washing, in accordance with embodiments;
[0059] Figure 14 shows an apparatus comprising a database and a user interface to monitor subjects, in accordance with embodiments;
[0060] Figures 15A and 15B show spectrally encoded signatures for first and second fluorescent material combinations, in accordance with embodiments;
[0061] Figures 15C and 15D show infrared absorbance spectrally encoded signatures, in accordance with embodiments; and
[0062] Figure 16 shows a method of measuring a sample, in accordance with embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0063] As used herein a waveguide encompasses a light guide.
[0064] As used herein like characters identify like elements. [0065] As used herein light encompasses electromagnetic energy having at least one wavelength within a range of the electromagnetic spectrum extending from the ultraviolet to the far infrared.
[0066] In many embodiments a sample holder comprises a consumable single use sample holder that can be readily coupled to and removed from a measurement apparatus such as a spectrometer. The sample holder may comprise an identifier such as a unique code that allows the container to be identified from among a plurality of sample holders. In many embodiments the sample holder can be identified with a spectral encoding material that provides a unique spectrally encoded signal in order to identify the sample container. The unique spectrally encoded signal can be measured with a measurement light beam of the measurement apparatus such that the measured signal of the sample is encoded with the unique spectrally encoded signal. The spectral encoding can be provided with additional identification such as optical identification, bar codes, quick read (QR) codes, quantum dots, radio frequency identification (RFID), for example.
[0067] In many embodiments, the spectral encoding material comprises a calibration material that can be used as a reference for the measurement of the sample, for example. In many embodiments, the calibration material comprises one or more National Institute of Standards (NIST) traceable materials, or one or more polymers traceable to another reference standard such as a common block of material. In many embodiments, the calibration material provided with the sample holder can be combined with an additional material in order to provide sufficient resolution of the spectrally encoded signal. The NIST traceable material may comprise one or more polymers as disclosed herein. Polymers that have a specific IR signature suitable for use as a calibration material may include one or more of: Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinylchloride, Teflon, Poly( vinyl acetate), Poly( vinyl alcohol),
Poly(diethylene phthalate), Nylon, Poly(vinyl butyral), Polyurethane, Phenol-formaldehyde resin, Poly(methylmethacrylate), Poly(butadiene), or Poly(dimethylsiloxane), for example. The following web site has an IR polymer library that has over 6000 unique polymer spectra (www. ir-spectra.com/poIymers ), any one or more of which polymers may comprise a calibration material as described herein. Similar spectra libraries are available for additional materials, and the calibration material may comprise one or more of coatings, paints, fibers, dyes and pigments, for example. Table 4 shows materials having spectra suitable for use in accordance with embodiments, and the spectra of such materials are available from the world- wide-web and suitable for use in accordance with embodiments as described herein. [0068] In many embodiments, the optical system is configured to measure
excitation/emission fluorescence spectroscopy using different excitation light sources (different excitation wavelengths). The excitation wavelength can determine the amount of emission that will be seen from a particular fluorophore. Therefore the relative intensities of fluorophores within a mixture can change in response to the concentration of the fluorophores as well as the excitation light source. Many embodiments comprise linear additive combinations using combinations of fluorophores and different excitation light sources. Alternatively or in combination, the fluorescence of a fluorophore standard my change depending on the encapsulating environment of the fluorophore (solvent, other fluorophores, molecules it is attached to, etc.) There are many fluorescence dye standards that are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Examples include: Rhodamine B, Rhodamine 6G, Fluorescein, Texas Red, Cy2, Cy3, Cy5, TRITC, NBD, etc.. Some exemplary fluorescence compounds suitable for incorporation with embodiments described herein can be found in a fluorescence spectral library located on the Internet
(http ://www. fluorophores.tugraz. at/ substance/) .
[0069] The fluorescence standards can be in the form of one or more of beads, microspheres, or nano-particles, for example.
[0070] The spectral encoding material can be combined with one or more identification codes on the sample holder as described herein. While polystyrene comprises a NIST traceable wavelength standard, other polymeric samples can be used which are not NIST traceable such as polyvinyl acetate and cyanoacrylate, other materials as described herein.
[0071] The spectral encoding as described herein is suitable for combination with one or more of several measurement apparatus and methods, such as spectroscopic methods and apparatus. The spectral encoding can be combined with one or more of visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, interferometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and combinations thereof. The spectral encoding can be combined with transmission, reflection, light scatter or evanescent wave spectroscopy. The spectral encoding can be combined with one or more other encoding methods and apparatus such as radio frequency identification (RFID), RFID tags, optical identification, bar codes, optical reader codes, quick response (QR) codes, or computer readable memory, for example. The spectral encoding may comprise a spectral encoding structure, such as a grating, a hologram, a diffractive optic variably responsive to light such that the sample container can be identified. [0072] The spectral signal can be encoded with the spectral material in many ways, and may comprise a layer of spectral encoding material, a solution of spectral encoding material, an array of spectral encoding material, and combinations thereof. The spatial arrangement of particles or material can be combined together with the spectral information, and measured in order to provide spectral encoding, for example. In many embodiments, both spectral and spatial domain data are measured in order to determine encoding of the sample.
[0073] In many embodiments, the spectral encoding material comprises a layer of material on an optically transmissive structure such as a waveguide, or light guide. Alternatively or in combination, the layer of material may comprise a layer on a container wall, for example. The layer of material can be arranged in many ways, and may comprise a monolithic layer of material, a plurality of layers of material, or a mosaic. The arrangement of material may comprise of one or more layers of material such as a checker board arrangement of transmissive spectrally encoding and non-spectrally encoding regions, for example.
Alternatively, the checkerboard arrangement may comprise a plurality of adjacent regions of transmissive spectrally encoding materials having differing properties, for example.
[0074] The spectral encoding methods and apparatus as described herein can be used to measure one or more of many types of samples, such as biological samples, extra-terrestrial samples, or geological samples, for example. The spectral encoding methods and apparatus can be used to measure biological samples such as blood samples, urine samples, skin samples, cellular samples, tissue sample, drug tests, or biopsy samples, for example. The methods and apparatus can be used to monitor one or more of many diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol, and can be combined with known laboratory tests such as blood tests, metabolic panels, pathology (cells and tissue) and urine tests, for example.
[0075] The sample can be spectrally encoded and measured in one or more of many ways. For example, the sample can be measured using a one or more of many types of chemical analyses, such as spectroscopy and spectrometry, for example. In many embodiments, spectroscopy methods and apparatus are configured for measuring blood components, such as changes in molecular conformation in blood cell membranes and blood proteins. Examples of suitable spectroscopy methods and apparatus suitable for incorporation in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein include one or more of vibrational spectroscopy, either mid- infrared or near-infrared absorption, fluorescence, or reflection spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy, and combinations thereof. In many embodiments, vibrational spectroscopy methods and apparatus are configured to measure levels of metabolites and proteins in blood. In many embodiments, mass spectrometry methods and apparatus are configured to measure one or more components of blood as described herein. In many embodiments, nuclear magnetic resonance (hereinafter "NMR") methods and apparatus can be configured to determine the presence of biomarkers of the one or more components of blood as described herein.
[0076] The spectroscopy may comprise one or more of molecular spectroscopy (infrared, near-infrared, UV, Raman, Surface enhanced Raman, resonance Raman, fluorescence, NMR, terahertz, far infrared, circular dichroism). Additional or alternative testing can be used such as a mechanical test (mechanical stiffness), or through a thermal property analysis (thermal gravimetric analysis TGA), for example, or rheology, for example.
[0077] Figure 1 shows a blood sample 30 from a subject being placed on a measurement surface 101 of a sample holder 400 comprising a layer of spectral encoding material 150 in order to measure the blood sample. The sample holder 400 comprising spectral encoding material 150 may comprise components of a sample measurement apparatus 100 as described herein. The sample holder 400 can be configured in many ways, and may comprise one or more of a substrate, a support, a prism, or a container to hold the sample. The spectral encoding material 150 can be provided with the sample holder 400 in one or more of many ways as described herein and may comprise one or more layers, a solution, particles, a suspension of particles, for example. Alternatively or in combination, the spectral encoding material 150 may comprise a spectral encoding structure such as a grating, a hologram, a diffractive structure in order to provide the measurement signal with spectral encoding.
[0078] In many embodiments, the sample holder 400 comprises a wave guide such as an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) crystal.
[0079] When provided as a layer, the layer of spectral encoding material may comprise a thickness less than the wavelength of the measurement light beam such that the sample can be measured through the layer with the evanescent wave. In many embodiments the layer of spectral encoding material comprises a thickness of no more than about 10% of the wavelength, for example no more than about 5% of the shortest measurement wavelength of a range of wavelengths. For example, the sample can be no more than about 1% of the shortest wavelength of the range of measurement wavelengths.
[0080] The blood sample 30 can be obtained from the subject. The subject may have a hand 10 from which a blood sample can be obtained, for example. Although a hand is shown the blood sample can be obtained in one or more of many known ways. The blood sample can be placed on a measurement surface. [0081] In many embodiments, the measurement surface 101 on which the red blood cells 40 are placed comprise an optical prism 110 for the purpose of channeling light 115 under the blood, through the prism, by internal reflection. Internal reflection spectroscopy can make spectroscopic measurements at a shallow depth beyond the prism surface, since an evanescent wave is set up at that interface. This rapidly diminishing evanescent wave rapidly diminishes with distance away from the prism surface. The resulting spectrum is thereby resulting from only the material that is resting closest to the prism. In many cell sample embodiments, the spectrum would contain information mainly about the cell membrane and not the cytoplasm, depending on the interrogation depth of the evanescent wave as described herein. One proposed mechanism of action for correlating with blood pressure is changes in the cell membrane of the red blood cells as a biomarker. In many embodiments, the membrane spectrum contains spectra of one or more biomarkers having amounts
corresponding to the blood pressure of the subject.
[0082] The measurement surface can be configured in one or more of many ways to measure the sample. In many embodiments, the measurement surface comprises a flat surface of an optically transmissive material such as Silicon or Germanium, for example. The optically transmissive material can be shaped in one or more of many ways to provide the
measurement surface as described herein. For example, the optically transmissive material may comprise a prism, a flat plate, a cube, a rectangle or a Dove prism, for example.
[0083] In many embodiments, the sample is measured near the measurement surface with total internal reflection spectroscopy (hereinafter "TIR"). With TIR, the measurement light beam is directed toward the surface at an angle so as to provide total internal reflection of the light beam from the measurement surface. Although the light beam is reflected internally from the surface, the light beam can interact with the sample on the opposite side of the surface from the light beam with an evanescent wave of the light beam. The evanescent wave of the light beam extends beyond the measurement surface by a distance related to the wavelength of the measurement light beam. In many embodiments, the evanescent wave extends beyond the surface so as to provide a penetration depth of about 0.1λ into the sample place on the measurement surface, where λ is the wavelength of light. The TIR light may comprise one or more of visible light, near-infrared light, mid-infrared light or far infrared light, for example. In many embodiments, the light used comprises mid-infrared light having one or more wavelengths within a range from about 2 μιη (micrometer) to about 20 μιη, for example. The one or more wavelengths of light may comprise a plurality of wavelengths of light to scan to a plurality of depths of the sample. [0084] With TIR spectroscopy, the depth of the measurement is related to the measurement wavelength such that the membranes of red blood cells on or near the surface can be measured. With a 2 μιη wavelength, the penetration depth is about 0.2 μιη such the penetration depth of the TIR measurement does not extend beyond a thickness of a red blood cell. With a 20 μιη wavelength, the penetration depth is about 2 μιη such the penetration depth of the TIR measurement corresponds to the approximate a thickness of a red blood cell.
[0085] Figure 2 shows a side profile view and corresponding dimensions of a red blood cell 40 suitable for measurement with spectral encoding as described herein. The red blood cell comprises an approximately toroidal shape having a long dimension along an elongate axis defining a length 42 of the red blood cell and a short dimension along a transverse axis defining a thickness 44 of the red blood cell. The length of the red blood cell in the hydrated state is approximately 7 (seven) microns and the width is approximately 2 (two) microns.
[0086] When the red blood cell is forced through an opening with blood pressure such as an opening of a capillary channel sized smaller than the red blood cell, the shape of the red blood cell can change to allow the red blood cell to pass, and one or more biomarkers such as ATP can be released. Alternatively or in combination, high central blood pressure can result in one or more of deformation of the red blood cell or surface changes to the red blood cell related to the high central blood pressure of the subject, and the biomarkers corresponding to these changes can be measured in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.
[0087] In many embodiments, the methods and apparatus are configured to measure the surface of the red blood cells and identify one or more components of the red blood cells specifically. A sampling and measurement system can be configured to first separate cells from serum or plasma through sedimentation, then place a sample of blood cells onto one measuring stage and a sample of serum or plasma onto another measuring stage, for example, so as to provide separate measurements. The volume of blood sample can be small, such as a drop that could be obtained by a lancet at a finger. The stage holding the blood cells may comprise a horizontal surface on which the blood cells can be placed as described herein. The measuring stage holding the serum or plasma may comprise another measuring surface for TIR or transmission measurements as described herein, and combinations thereof, for example.
[0088] Figure 3 shows measurement of a blood sample 30 with a sample holder 400 comprising a prism such as a Dove prism 300 having a spectral encoding material 150 on a surface thereof in order to identify high blood pressure biomarkers with a first spectrally encoded measurement channel and a second spectrally encoded measurement channel. The sample holder 400 comprising spectral encoding material 150 may comprise components of a sample measurement apparatus 100 as described herein. In many embodiments, the first measurement channel comprises a TIR measurement channel, and the second measurement channel comprises an optical transmission channel extending through a thickness of the sample. The prism can provide a first inclined surface 305 and a second inclined surface 310 that allow the light beam 315 to be totally internally reflected and directed to the inclined surfaces at an angle that decreases reflection from the inclined surfaces. The prism, like many shapes, comprises a surface 320 opposite the TIR measurement surface 101 that receives a second measurement beam 325 for transmission through the measurement surface and bulk of the sample. The prism may comprise a Dove prism having an elongate axis 330 extending axially through the inclined surfaces and between the measurement surface and the opposing surface.
[0089] In many embodiments, a transparent movable support 350 is provided to shape an upper surface of the sample when placed on the holder 40 for transmission of the light beam. The transparent movable support may comprise a thickness suitable for pressurizing the sample with a pressure surface 355 for measurements as described herein. Alternatively, the transparent movable support can be thin to shape the blood sample without pressurizing the blood sample, for example a microscope slide.
[0090] Although a Dove prism is shown, the optical system can be configured in one or more of many ways with one or more of prisms, cubes, rhomboids or parallelepipeds, for example.
[0091] Figure 4 shows red blood cells 40 located on a holder 400 comprising a measurement surface 101 having a layer of spectral encoding material 150 in order to measure the red blood cells with a spectrally encoded evanescent wave and identify high blood pressure biomarkers of the red blood cell membranes 46, in accordance with embodiments. The sample holder 400 comprising spectral encoding material 150 may comprise components of a sample measurement apparatus 100 as described herein.
[0092] The blood sample 30 can be prepared in one or more of many ways for placement on the measurement surface. In some embodiments, the measurement surface or a solution combined with the blood sample comprises a clotting antagonist to inhibit blood clotting in order to allow measurement of red blood cells and to the blood cells to separate into a first component having a greater number of red blood cells and a second component having a greater amount of plasma as compared to the sample as drawn from the subject.
Alternatively, the blood sample can be allowed to clot such that the sample comprises a first clot component and a second serum component, in which the clotting factors of the plasma have been substantially depleted to form the blood clot.
[0093] In many embodiments, the components of the serum 32 or plasma 34 and the blood cells 40 are each measured. In many embodiments, the plasma and blood cells can be separated at least partially so as to provide different measurements for each, for example separate simultaneous measurements of each.
[0094] In many embodiments, a second beam of light can be transmitted through the blood sample. In these embodiments, a spectrum representative of the bulk of the measurement cell is obtained. The second stage can be a similar internal reflection prism to measure the blood serum or plasma both by internal reflection and by transmission. The transmission measurement represents the bulk of the serum or plasma. In many embodiments, the proteins 36 in the blood can begin to coat the prism as time progresses. Therefore the internal reflection channel becomes a way of measuring the proteins in blood with greater intensity than could be measured in the bulk serum or plasma sample. Alternatively or in combination, the red blood cells can sediment downward onto the measurement surface, and the
membranes of the red blood cells within the penetration depth of the evanescent wave can be measured and the bulk of the plasma measured with the transmission beam.
[0095] In many embodiments, two measurement cells on two measurement stages can be used to measure the two components of blood separately such that four measurements from four independent measurement channels are provided. The evanescent wave measurements can be combined with the transmission measurements so as to provide four different spectral channels. Each of these channels can be interrogated with different wavelengths of light, from the visible to the far infrared region.
[0096] In many embodiments, each of these channels is measured as a function of time to follow changes in the blood cells and the serum and/or plasma with time. During this time, the samples can be subjected to different temperatures by embedding a heating or cooling element into the stages. Alternatively or in combination, a movable transparent support 350 comprising an optical window can be added on top of the blood cell and serum or plasma sample. This support comprising the window can be mounted in a frame which can create a pressure seal at the stage. In many embodiments, a high external pressure can be exerted on the blood cells and blood serum or plasma. Pressures of up to 600 MPa can be used in order to denature and change the structure of the components and specifically proteins in the sample, for example. In many embodiments, these dynamic measurements can identify differences among biomarkers in blood that has been exposed to high blood pressure versus blood from subject without high blood pressure, for example.
[0097] Figure 5 shows an apparatus 100 to measure a sample with spectral encoding. The sample may comprise a blood sample 30, for example, and biomarkers of the blood sample can be measured with spectral encoding in order to determine markers such as blood pressure biomarkers, for example. A removable holder 400 having an optical encoding material 150 as described herein can receive the sample such as a blood sample. The removable holder 400 may comprise one of a plurality of interchangeable, single use sample holders as described herein. The removable holder 400 can be configured to engage a support 425. The support 160 may comprise a fixed support coupled to the first input optics 525 and the first output optics 535 of the system in order to maintain alignment of the optics with the sample holder 400 when the sample holder 400 is placed on the support 160. The support 160 can be fixed to additional optical components of the apparatus 100 such as the second input optics 530 and the second output optics 540. The engagement structures of the support 160 and the holder 400 can be configured to place the sample holder 400 in one or more of a predetermined position or angular orientation with respect to the optics, such that the sample of each of the plurality of sample containers can be accurately measured. The holder 400 may comprise a suitable electrical connector in embodiments comprising electrical components such as a coil 560, for example.
[0098] The apparatus comprises a first measurement stage 505 comprising a surface 101 to receive a blood sample 30 of a subject. In many embodiments, the apparatus comprises a second stage 510 to receive a second sample of the subject as described herein. For example, the first sample may comprise a red blood cell component and the second sample may comprise a plasma component, in which the red blood cell component comprises a greater amount of red blood cells than the initial sample from the subject and the plasma component comprises a greater amount of plasma than the initial sample from the subject, for example. The first measurement stage and the second measurement stage may comprise similar components and can be coupled to light sources, optics and detectors similarly and in accordance with embodiments as described herein.
[0099] The apparatus to identify blood pressure biomarkers comprises one or more light sources, for example first light source 515 and second light source 520. The apparatus comprises one or more input optics optically coupled to the light sources so as to receive light from the light sources, for example first input optics 525 for TIR measurements and second input optics 530 for bulk transmission measurements. The apparatus comprises one or more output optics optically coupled to the sample container to receive the light from the sample, for example first output optics 535 to receive the TIR light and second output optics 540 to receive the transmission light. The one or more output optics are optically coupled to one or more detectors, for example first detector 545 coupled to first output optics 535 and second detector 550 coupled to second output optics 540.
[00100] The components of the apparatus 100 can be coupled to a processor 555 comprising instructions to control the measurement of the sample, for example of the first sample stage. In many embodiments, the processor is configured and coupled to the one or more light sources, the input optics, the output optics and the detectors in order to measure optical spectroscopy of the sample. The processor can be coupled to the first light source to control the generation of light for TIR measurements. The processor can be coupled to the second light source to control the generation of light for the transmission measurements. The processor can be coupled to the first input optics and the first output optics to control the input and output optics of the TIR measurements as appropriate, for example when the input and output optics comprise one or more movable or electro-optical components such as shutters, gratings, etalons, mirrors, lenses, Bragg cells, prisms or wavelength selective filters, for example. The processor can be coupled to the second input optics and the second output optics to control the input and output optics of the bulk transmission measurements as appropriate, for example when the input and output optics comprise one or more movable or electro-optical components such as shutters, gratings, etalons, mirrors, lenses, Bragg cells, prisms or wavelength selective filters, for example.
[00101] The processor can be coupled to the first detector to measure the light from the TIR measurement and the second detector to measure light from the bulk transmission
measurement. The detectors of the apparatus 100 such as the first detector 545 and the second detector 550 may comprise one or more of many known detectors such as a one or more of photodiode, a phototransistor, a charge coupled device (hereinafter "CCD") array, or conducting metal oxide semiconductor arrays (hereinafter "CMOS" arrays), for example. The detectors or the processor may comprise analog to digital conversion circuitry to provide a digital measurement signal to the processor.
[00102] The light sources of the apparatus 100 such as the first light source 515 and the second light source 520 may comprise one or more of many known light sources such as lamps, diodes, lasers, laser diodes, tunable lasers, optical parametric oscillators, providing a suitable wavelength of light, for example in the mid infrared as described herein. In many embodiments, one or more of the light source or the input optics is coupled to the processor to vary the wavelength of light, for example.
[00103] The apparatus 100 may comprise similar components connected to the processor for the second measurement stage. Alternatively, the first stage and the second can be interchangeable such that the first measurement stage can be removed and replaced with the second measurement stage.
[00104] The first measurement stage may comprise the prism 110, sample container 400 and movable transparent support 350 as described herein. The stage may comprise a coil 560 embedded in the container to heat the sample as described herein, and an actuator 565 coupled to the movable transparent support to pressurize the sample. A pressure sensor and a temperature sensor can also be provided on the measurement stage to monitor the pressure and the temperature of the sample. The prism may comprise a Dove prism having the measurement surface 101 to provide the evanescent wave and bulk transmission
measurements as described herein.
[00105] The processor comprises a tangible medium to store the instructions, such as one or more of random access memory (hereinafter "RAM"), read only memory (hereinafter "ROM"), flash memory, gate array logic, a gate array, or a field programmable gate array, for example. The processor may comprise a processor system comprising a plurality of processor in communication with each other, for example. In many embodiments the processors communicate with each other with one or more known communication methods and apparatus such as wireless communication, a shared bus, a shared drive, serial communication, the Internet, and combinations thereof, for example.
[00106] Figure 6 A shows a measurement apparatus 100 comprising a removable sample holder 400 and spectrometer 200 to measure a sample. The spectrometer apparatus 100 comprises one or more components as described herein, such as the processor 555 comprising instructions coupled to the detector 220 and spectrometer optics 200 comprising a light source 210. The removable sample holder may comprise a gravimetric washing container 401 to measure a blood sample 30. The removable sample holder 400 can be configured in one or more of many ways with the spectral encoding material 150 in order to encode the measurement signal of the sample. The spectral encoding material 150 may comprise a layer of material on an upper surface of the waveguide 250 as described herein, for example.
Alternatively or in combination, the spectral encoding material may comprise one or more of a solution, particles, a suspension within the container, for example. The spectral encoding material may comprise a layer of material on a wall 407 of the container, for example. [00107] In many embodiments, the container 401 is coupled to the spectroscopic
measurement apparatus as disclosed herein. The internally reflective structure at the base of the container may comprise a waveguide 250 optically coupled to the cells such as red blood cells placed in the container. The container comprises a vertically extending length 405 to provide gravimetric separation. A cover or lid 410 extends over an upper portion of the container. The cover comprises an opening 415 formed in the cover.
[00108] The sample can be introduced into the container in many ways. For example a drop of blood 30 can be introduced into the container. Alternatively, a capillary tube comprising a blood sample can be advanced so as to extend into the opening in the cover to position at least an end of the capillary tube into the solution 430 within the container.
[00109] In many embodiments the measurement apparatus 100 comprises a support 160 fixed in relation to the spectrometer optics such that the container 401 can be placed on the support and measured with the optics aligned with the optics of the sample holder 400 as described herein. The support 160 may comprise a lower support 425 fixed in relation to the optics of the spectrometer such that the container can be placed on the lower support. The container may comprise an upper support 420 comprising an engagement structure 170 affixed to the container such that the container can be removed. The fixed lower support 425 can be sized to receive a portion of the container in order to engage the upper support engagement structure 170. The measurement apparatus comprises input coupling optics 230 such as a lens to couple to the waveguide structure of the container, and output coupling optics 240 such as lens to couple to the output of the waveguide structure to photodetectors 220.
[00110] In many embodiments, the upper support, the lower support and the coupling optics are arranged to couple the waveguide to the coupling optics when the upper support rests on the lower support. In many embodiments, the upper support comprises a lower flange or rim of the container sized and shaped to be received with the lower support and align the waveguide structure with the coupling optics when received in the lower support.
[00111] Gravimetric separation can be performed in a solution 430. The solution can be isotonic compared to blood, or can be hypertonic or hypotonic compared to blood, and combinations thereof. Hypertonic or hypotonic solution can result in conformational changes in red blood cells which may be useful for subsequent analysis. The solution can comprise saline. The solution can comprise components with known spectral bands for spectroscopic calibration, such as for example ethanol or methanol, and each spectrum can be determined in response to the known spectral bands, for example. A container, of solution can be positioned on top of a prism or other spectrometer sampling element, for example such as a waveguide as shown in Figure 6A. The container can be shaped in one or more of many ways and may comprise a cylindrical column, for example. The container comprises a vertically extending length sufficient to allow gravimetric separation of the red blood cells from other components of the red blood cell sample such as the serum or plasma.
[00112] In many embodiments, the container column is placed on top of a waveguide structure such as prism, for example. The container may comprise a lower membrane having a thickness less than the 1/e depth of the evanescent wave in order to measure the blood sample through the membrane. The lower membrane may comprise the spectral encoding material 150. A thin optically transmissive layer of spectral encoding material 150 can be located on the upper surface of the waveguide, in which the thin material comprises a thickness less than the 1/e penetration depth of the evanescent wave, for example. The upper surface of the waveguide can be configured to receive the sample, such that the sample is placed on the layer of spectral encoding material located on the upper surface. Alternatively or in combination, the layer of spectral encoding material 150 may be located on the lower surface of the waveguide opposite the upper surface, or the surface of the waveguide configured to receive the sample.
[00113] The waveguide structure can be dimensioned in one or more of many ways as disclosed herein. In many embodiments the waveguide comprises a first end 252 to receive light energy and a second end 254 to transmit light energy. The wave guide may comprise an upper surface 256 on an upper side oriented toward the sample and a lower surface 258 on a lower side oriented away from the sample. The waveguide may comprise a thickness extending between the upper surface and the lower surface. In many embodiments the waveguide comprises a length extending in a direction of propagation from the first end to the second end. The waveguide may comprise a width transverse to the length. In many embodiments, the waveguide comprises a width greater than the thickness and a length greater than the width in order to provide a plurality of internal reflections of the
measurement light energy from the upper surface of the waveguide in order to amplify the optical signal transmitted from the second end of the waveguide.
[00114] The ends of the waveguide can be configured in one or more of many ways and may comprise surfaces extending perpendicular to a long dimension of the waveguide, or inclined at an angle so as to comprise prismatic surfaces. In many embodiments, the waveguide comprises a prism, for example a dove prism as described herein. [00115] Alternatively or in combination, the removable container 401 may comprise the waveguide structure 250. The waveguide structure can be removable with the container and located on the lower end of the container. The container can be removed or placed with the upper lid with comprising an upper hole or capillary for introducing sample into the container. A sample comprising red blood cells can be introduced to the container, and the relatively heavier red blood cells can be separated gravimetrically and settle onto the sampling surface either before or after the container has been placed on the support.
[00116] In many embodiments, the red blood cells can be washed by the solution during the gravimetric separation, such that potential contaminants can be removed from the measurement.
[00117] Figure 6B shows a removable container 401 as in Figure 6 A removed from the spectrometer. In many embodiments, the container comprises a removable container, such that the container comprises a single use consumable item and the spectrometer components can be reused. In many embodiments, the apparatus comprises a fixed support structure that engages a removable support 420 affixed to the container. The container can be accurately coupled to the spectrometer with an engagement structure 170 such as a flange, collar, or other support on the container itself. The spectrometer and associated light source and detector can be used to take measurements with the waveguide 250 on the lower end of the container.
[00118] In many embodiments the lower support 425 is fixed in relation to the optics of the spectrometer, such that placement of the container comprising the waveguide can be aligned with the measurement optics when placed in order to provide accurate spectroscopic measurements. Although the lower support 425 may be fixed in relation to the spectrometer optics, the lower support 425 and spectrometer optics can be moved together, for example when spectrometer apparatus 100 comprises a portable spectrometer. One or more of the upper support engagement structure 170 or the lower support 425 can be sized and shaped in order to position the waveguide with a position and orientation for measurement of the cells on the lower surface of the container, for example.
[00119] Additional components can also be added to the container to alter the sample if helpful. For example, gluteraldehyde can be added to the column to alter red blood cell membrane structure.
[00120] In many embodiments, a plurality of gravimetric separation containers is provided, in which each container of the plurality comprises a removable single use consumable container. [00121] The spectrally encoded measurement signal can be analyzed in one or more of many ways in order to identify the spectrally encoded signal. In many embodiments, spectra can be measured from the sample and statistical analysis methods can be used to generate a plurality of factors, the values of the factors can be used to determine the encode spectral signal, for example. The plurality of factors may comprise a plurality of functions upon which the data can be projected in order to determine the amount, or concentration, of each function in the sample. As the spectrally encoded signal comprises signal from one or more signal components at least different and in many embodiments having peaks away from the measured sample, the values of the factors corresponding to the spectral encoding material can be used to determine the identity of the spectral encoding material. The factors can be orthogonal or non-orthogonal, for example. The analysis can comprise one or more of principle components analysis (PCA), principle components regression (PCR), multivariate curve resolution (MCR), classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares regression (PLS), neural networks, or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches, for example. In many embodiments, the factors are orthogonal to each other. Alternatively, at least some of the factors may comprise non-orthogonal factors. One or more relevant factors can be identified. For example, the red blood cell status or history can be determined in response to the one or more relevant factors along with the factors of the spectral encoding material measured with the red blood cells. In many embodiments, the history of the red blood cells comprises a control of the red blood cells of the subject, for example a control of a condition such as high blood pressure of the subject. The one or more relevant factors may comprise one or more statistically relevant factors, for example.
[00122] In many embodiments, a plurality of spectral bands comprise peaks related to structure of the cell such as protein structure of the red blood cell. The Amide I band of frequencies comprising the Amide I peak may correspond to alpha helix protein structures of the proteins of the red blood cell membrane. The Amide II band of frequencies comprising the Amide II peak may correspond to beta-sheet protein structures of the cell membrane. The band of frequencies comprising the Amide III band may correspond to disordered protein structures of the cell membrane. The determination of factors corresponding to these spectral bands and the shifts of peaks and intensities of these spectral bands in response to the measure spectra can be used to determine the one or more biomarkers of the cellular membrane such as the red blood cell membrane. [00123] The spectral bands of the spectral encoding material 150 may comprise one or more peaks at different spectral locations from the sample, in order to facilitate determination of the identity of the sample, for example.
[00124] In many embodiments, deformation of the red blood cell membrane results in measurable spectroscopic changes to the red blood cell membrane that can be measured as described herein. The measurable changes may comprise shifts in the spectral peaks as disclosed herein. The spectroscopic changes to the red blood cell membrane can be substantially instantaneous, for example upon deformation of the red blood cell membrane. Alternatively, the spectroscopic changes to the red blood cell membrane may comprise changes occurring over the history of the red blood cell, for example over a long term three month history corresponding to the 90 to 120 day functional lifetime of the red blood cell.
[00125] In many embodiments the factors can be used to determine the history of the red blood cell, and can be used to determine the long term control of a condition such as hypertension, for example. The long term control may comprise a conformational change to the red blood cell membrane that can be determined with at least one factor as disclosed herein, for example with a relationship among factors as disclosed herein.
[00126] In many embodiments, the biomarker amplifies an optical spectral signal. The spectrally encoded signal can be similarly amplified. In many embodiments, providing the spectral encoding material 150 on the surface of the holder 400 can result in amplification of the spectrally encoded signal in a manner similar to the amplification of the biomarker signal. The biomarker may comprise a change to cell membrane, such as a conformational change to a protein of a red blood cell membrane or a ratio of components of the red blood cell membrane as disclosed herein, for example. As the red blood cells comprise a long dimension that can extend along the measurement surface and optically couple the red blood cell membrane to the evanescent wave measurement surface, the measured signal can be amplified substantially. In many embodiments, a substance related to the health status of the subject may not itself be detectable with the spectral measurements. The measurement of the red blood cell membrane can provide, however, an optical spectral signal to determine the presence of the substance. For example, spectral changes of the red blood cell membrane provided with aspirin as disclosed herein can be used to identify a response of the red blood cell membrane to aspirin, even though the presence of aspirin itself may not be detectable spectroscopically in some embodiments. The optical waveguide can be configured to provide a plurality of reflections from the evanescent wave measurement surface in order to provide an increased amplification of the measured evanescent wave signal. [00127] Figure 6C shows light 115 entering germanium optical structure 110 (index of refraction n = 4) at an incident angle 145 of 80 degrees. This incident angle results in total internal reflection and a very shallow 1/e penetration depth 135 of the resulting evanescent wave 140 into the sample. The sample can comprise red blood cells 40, as shown. The ends of the germanium can be AR coated. The germanium optical structure may comprise one or more inclined prism surfaces as described herein, and may comprise waveguide as described herein, for example.
[00128] Table 1 shows penetration depths for various angles of incidence and wavelengths in different sampler surfaces (diamond, silicon, and germanium), in accordance with embodiments. The thickness of the layer of spectral encoding material can be less than the penetration depth in order to provide measurement of the sample and the spectral encoding material, for example. For example, the thickness of the spectral encoding layer can be no more than any one or more of the following percentages of the penetration depth: 50%, 25%, 15%, 10%, 7%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, or 0.1%.
Table 1. Penetration Depths.
Figure imgf000029_0001
germanium 35 0.591 1.33 4.02 7 germanium 45 0.443 1.33 4.02 7 germanium 75 0.305 1.33 4.02 7 germanium 35 0.845 1.33 4.02 10 germanium 45 0.634 1.33 4.02 10 germanium 75 0.436 1.33 4.02 10
[00129] Figure 7 shows a cross section of a red blood cell 40 in accordance with
embodiments. The circular cross section shows structures of the red blood cell membrane 46, trans-membrane proteins 50, and structural proteins 54 within the red blood cell. The circular cross sectional view shows the lipid bi-layer 48 of the red blood cell membrane, which may comprise a phospholipid bi-layer for example, cholesterol, and phosphatidyl choline, for example. The ratio of components of the lipid bi-layer can be measured in accordance with embodiments. The trans-membrane protein 50 may comprise one or more of many known membrane proteins, such as trans membrane proteins 52, for example. The membrane protein may comprise one or more of Band 3, Ankyrin, CD47, Rh, or Glycophorin, for example. For example, the red blood cell membrane may comprise trans-membrane protein such as Ankyrin extending through the membrane in order to transmit ions for example. The red blood cell membrane may comprise interior protein such as spectrin protein, for example a spectrin network 58 extending substantially along an interior of the cell membrane and interior to the cell wall.
[00130] In many embodiments, the red blood cell membrane corresponds to a fluid mosaic model of biological membranes, and membranes in addition or alternative to the red blood cell membrane can be measured. The membrane may comprise membrane proteins which are mobile within the phospholipid and cholesterol layer. The spectrin network of the membrane skeleton 56 provides strength to the red blood cell membrane by interacting with the other proteins of the membrane as described herein.
[00131] In accordance with embodiments, changes in the red blood cell membrane and structures associated with the red blood cell membrane can be measured. For example, lipids can be measured and changes in lipids, lipid ratios and changes in lipid ratios, proteins can be measured, protein ratios can be measured and protein to lipid ratios can be measured.
[00132] The measurement in the analysis of the red blood cell membrane can be performed in one or more of many ways, for example with one or more of principal components analysis (PCA) principle components regression (PCR), multivariate curve resolution (MCR), classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares regression (PLS), neural networks, or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches.
[00133] Figure 8 shows an enlarged view of the red blood cell membrane 46 placed on a support structure 105 for measurement in accordance with embodiments. The support comprises an optically transmissive material as disclosed herein and the evanescent field 125, an evanescent vector extends at least partially beyond an upper measurement surface 101 of the support on which the red blood cell membrane resides. A light wave is infinite on the upper surface of the support at an incidence angle 120 of theta. The measurement light 115 comprises a wavelength lambda. The depth 135 of the evanescent field comprises a zone of sensitivity 130. The zone of sensitivity can be adjusted based on combinations of one or more of the incidence angle Θ (theta) and the wavelength of light λ (lambda), in order to limit the depth of the zone of sensitivity of the measurement. The limitation of the measurement depth provides measurement of the cell membrane on the surface, such as the red blood cell membrane and corresponding structures such as the trans-membrane proteins 52 and the structural proteins 54, and inhibits measurement of deeper structures such as hemoglobin 60, for example. The measured structures of the membrane can be structures of the intact cell, and may comprise one or more of the trans-membrane protein Ankyrin and the structural protein Spectrin, for example.
[00134] The red blood cell may comprise an intact red blood cell as described herein. The zone of sensitivity can inhibit measurement of hemoglobin with a zone of sensitivity corresponding substantially to the red blood cell membrane, the lipid bi-layer of the red blood cell membrane, trans-membrane proteins of the red blood cell membrane, and structural support proteins of the red blood cell membranes, such as, spectrin for example. In many embodiments hemoglobin is positioned within the intact red blood cell at locations away from the red blood cell membrane such that the zone of sensitivity does not extend substantially into a hemoglobin molecule and, for example, does not extend across a hemoglobin molecule within the red blood cell membrane. These embodiments can provide specificity to the measurement and localization to the red blood cell membrane.
[00135] The red blood cell may comprise a substantially intact red blood cell that is at least partially dried, comprising no more than about 60% water by weight. The red blood cell may comprise a substantially intact red blood cell that is at least partially hydrated, comprising at least about 60% water by weight. The blood sample to be analyzed may comprise red blood cells of a uniform hydration state, or may comprise red blood cells of various hydration states. [00136] In accordance with embodiments described herein, ratios of components of the red blood cell or other membranes of another cell can be measured. For example, the ratio of phosphatidyl choline to cholesterol can be measured. The ratios of phospholipids to other components can be measured such as the ratio of one or more lipid components to a ratio of one or more protein components.
[00137] The components of the red blood cell membrane can be measured in one or more of many ways, and reference is made to spectroscopy merely by way of example in accordance with embodiments.
[00138] Alternatively or in combination, rheology can be used to measure the components of the red blood cell membrane. For example, rheology measurements can be used as a reference to correlate to spectral measurements as described herein. The rheology
measurement apparatus may comprise one or more capillary tubes having a diameter size to inhibit flow and limit flow and provide at least some resistance to blood flow, for example. The rheology of the plurality of red blood cells measured may correspond to structural aspects of the surface exterior, which can be affected by one or more substances on the surface of the red blood cells, for example.
[00139] The rheology components can be measured with a transform function and transfer function. For example, the flow characteristics of the red blood cells of the blood sample through capillary tubes can be measured and the impedance profiles determined for plurality of frequencies in order to determine a transform function spectra. The impedance of the blood flow through the one or more capillary tubes is measured at a plurality of frequencies in order to provide a spectrum. The mechanical spectral data can be combined with optical spectral data as described herein. Alternatively, the mechanical spectral data can be used to determine the presence of one or more biomarkers.
[00140] The rheology embodiments are well suited for combination with the optical embodiments. For example, the aggregation of red blood cells can affect the measured flow parameters of the blood, and the aggregation of the red blood cells can also be related to one or more surface components of the red blood cell membrane as described herein, for example.
[00141] In many embodiments the analysis comprises a principal component analysis (PCA), comprising the plurality of dimensions and the dimensions may comprise orthogonal eigenvectors for example. A person of ordinary skill in the art will have at least some familiarity with PCA, and can determine the presence or absence of biomarkers from a blood sample with PCA, for example. [00142] Figure 9A shows a side view of a sample holder 400 comprising a spectrally encoding material 150 and support 160. The sample holder 400 may comprise a disc shaped sample holder 260 having an inclined bevel 262 extending circumferentially around an outer surface. The disc shaped sample holder 260 may comprise an upper surface 264 and a lower surface 266 opposite the upper surface, the upper surface comprising an upper diameter 265 and the lower surface comprising a lower diameter 267. In many embodiments, the upper diameter is larger than the lower diameter. The engagement structure 170 may comprise an inclined surface 262 extending between the upper surface and the lower surface. The engagement structure 170 can be sized to fit within support 160 and align the sample holder 400 with optics as described herein.
[00143] Figure 9B shows a top view of a sample holder 400 as in Figure 9A.
[00144] The spectrally encoding material 150 may be located on the upper surface 264, on the lower surface 266, or on both the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample holder.
[00145] In many embodiments, an optical structure as described herein can be provided instead of the calibration material or in combination with the spectral encoding material. In many embodiments, the optical structure comprises a spectrally encoding optical structure. The spectrally encoding optical structure may comprise a response that varies with wavelength in order to encode one or more of the reference signal, the identification signal, or the verification signal. The one or more of the reference signal, the identification signal, or the verification signal may comprise components of a spectral decomposition as described herein, for example.
[00146] Figures 10A and 10B show a side view of a sample holder 400 having an optical structure 155 to identify the sample holder. The optical structure 155 can be placed at one or more of many locations to provide spectrally encoded signal of the measurement signal similar to the spectral encoding material 150. For example, the spectral encoding optical structure 155 can be located on a measurement surface of the sample holder 400. The spectral encoding optical structure may comprise one or more of a grating, a periodic structure, a periodic phase altering structure, a periodic intensity changing structure, a diffractive optic, or a holographic optic, for example.
[00147] Figure IOC shows a wavelength dependent spectrally encoded signal from the optical structure of Figures 10A and 10B. The wavelength dependent spectrally encoded signal 157 shows a variation in intensity with wavelength similar to a sample of a diffractive order. [00148] The optics of the apparatus 100 can be configured to place the measurement surface of the sample and the optical structure 155 at a location along an optical path corresponding to a far field of the detector optics in order to provide the wavelength dependent signal with a far field of the optical structure 155. For example, optical structure 155 can be located on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of a waveguide as described herein, and the
measurement of the evanescent wave encoded with a wavelength dependent optical signal, in which an intensity of the optical signal varies with wavelength as shown in Figure IOC, for example. The spectral analysis software may comprise one or more factors corresponding to the wavelength dependent optical signal in order to identify the sample holder 400 in response to the wavelength dependent optical signal.
[00149] Alternatively or in combination, the sample holder 400 may comprise an
identification signal from one or more of an optical signal, a bar code signal, a QR signal, or quantum dots, for example.
[00150] Figure 11 shows a top view of a sample holder comprising an encoding optical structure 155 in accordance with embodiments. The encoding optical structure may comprise a spectral encoding optical structure as described herein. Alternatively or in combination, the encoding optical structure may comprise one or more of an optical signal, a bar code signal, a QR signal, or quantum dots, for example. The encoding optical structure can be located on the sample holder 400 for placement within the field of view of the spectrometer, for example. For example, the encoding structure can be located on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the sample holder or other locations as described herein. The encoding structure 155 may comprise a two dimensional arrangement of structures on an upper surface and/or a lower surface of the sample holder, for example. The encoding structure 155 may comprise an arrangement of dots, for example, or an arrangement of super imposed diffractive structures such as crossed diffractive gratings, for example.
[00151] In at least some embodiments, a second measurement path can be used to measure the optical structure 155, for example with transmission through the surface of the sample holder 400 as described herein. Alternatively, a second measurement path can measure the optical structure 155 with reflection from the optical structure.
[00152] Figure 12 shows a tube 440 to draw a sample. The draw tube can be used to draw a blood sample 30, such as a sample from a pool of blood on an external surface such as an external surface of a finger 20. In many embodiments, the draw tube comprises a permeable membrane having pores sized to wash the sample. Alternatively, the draw tube may comprise an impermeable membrane for placement of the sample in a container as described herein.
[00153] Figure 13 shows sample delivery and cell washing with a removable sample holder 400 as described herein. The sample holder 400 may comprise one or more of the spectral encoding material 150 or the spectral encoding structure 155 as described herein. The sample holder 400 may comprise a container 450 coupled to an inlet tube 470 and an outlet tube 475. The inlet tube can provide a rinse solution 480 and the outlet tube can pass rinsate 485 from the sample container. The sample container may comprise an inner portion 455 and an outer portion 460 with the permeable membrane 465 extending therebetween, in order to provide cross-flow filtration, for example. The inlet tube can be connected to the inner portion of the sample container and the outlet tube can be connected to the outer portion of the sample container. An attenuated total reflection (ATR) waveguide crystal 250 can be located on a lower end of the sample container. The cells of the sample 30 can be retained in the draw tube and deposited onto the ATR crystal for measurement as described herein. The rinsate column has the advantage of removing non-cellular material from the measured sample, such as serum or plasma and potential lysate. This rinsate may be used for other measurements that may be related to serum and plasma assays, such as cholesterol, for example.
[00154] The sample draw tube 440 comprising the semipermeable membrane 465 can be used to collect a blood sample 30, and the draw tube comprising the permeable membrane can be placed in an annular container 450 comprising a column of fluid. Alternatively, a drop of blood can be placed on an upper end of the draw tube in order to receive the blood sample with the tube. The permeable membrane may comprise an approximate pore size of about 5 um in order to inhibit passage of cells through the pores and to allow passage of water and molecules, for example, in order to wash the sample.
[00155] A cover 490 can be placed over the annular container in order to wash the sample. The cover may comprise a tube extending from the cover. The cover may comprise an opening formed therein coupled to a lumen 445 of the tube 440 to pass fluid from the tube through the cover and into the draw tube. An outlet can be coupled to an outer annular portion of the annular container defined by the draw tube. The draw tube can be placed within the annular container such that the lumen of the draw tube defines a first inner portion of the annular container within the draw tube and a second outer annular portion of the annular container outside the draw tube.
[00156] The outlet tube can be connected to a lower portion of the outer portion of the container as shown. Alternatively, the outlet tube can be coupled to an upper portion of the sample container, and may be integrated with the cover, for example, such that both the inlet tube and the outlet tube extend from the cover.
[00157] The ATR waveguide crystal as described herein can be located on a lower end of the annular container, and coupled to spectrometer optics, such that the sample container comprises a removable sample container among a plurality of sample containers as described herein. The waveguide can be located on a lower end of the draw tube, for example.
[00158] The sample holder 40 comprising the container has the following advantages:
[00159] Washes the serum or plasma and potential lysate from the cell membranes
[00160] Packs cells onto ATR crystal
[00161] Disposable
[00162] The sample container can be used with one or more of the following steps:
[00163] Wash Cycle
[00164] Washes serum or plasma and potential lysed material into rinsate column;
[00165] Drain Cycle
[00166] Drains a the rinsate column and in addition drains a majority of the membrane straw leaving a layer of cells on ATR crystal; and
[00167] Measure Cycle.
[00168] Begin spectroscopic measurement when sufficient cell membrane signal exists
[00169] Figure 14 shows components of system 900 comprising a database 905 and a user interface 910 to monitor subjects, in accordance with embodiments. The system 900 can be configured to determine and identify markers of red blood cells related to health, for example. The system 900 may comprise one or more components of the measurement apparatus 970 as described herein, such as one or more components apparatus 100, for example. In many embodiments, the measurement apparatus 900 comprises a plurality of the measurement apparatus 100. The system 900 comprises a user interface, which may comprise one or more of the following components: a display, sample data such as biomarker data, user input fields, user menus, and spectral data such as a field displaying the code of the spectrally encoded signal and an associated identifier such as a subject identifier of a subject having a sample measured with the spectrally encoded signal. The system 900 may comprise a plurality of the measurement apparatus.
[00170] The user interface comprises a display 915 connected to a processor 930 such that the user can view the biomarker data 920 on the display. The processor may comprise a processor system 935 and can store data of the database for the user to see information of the database on the display. The processor comprises a tangible medium 940 storing instructions, such that the user can see the information on the display. The tangible medium may comprise a computer readable medium having one or more of many known forms such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), compact disc CD-ROM, flash RAM. The processor may comprise one or more of a plurality of Internet based cloud servers 945, a remote back end server 950, or a local server 955, or a local processor 960 for example. The display may comprise a display of a hand held processor such as a smart phone in communication with a server, for example. The components of system 900 can
communicate with communication pathways such as one or more of wireless communication, wired communication, networks, local area networks, the Internet, cellular networks, wireless networks, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks, and combinations thereof.
[00171] Each measurement apparatus 100 may comprise one or more of the following components: a plurality of sample holders, a spectrometer, a processor and allowable sample ID codes. The allowable sample ID codes can be transmitted to the processor with the communication pathway from a remote server and stored in a tangible medium of the processor such as a computer readable memory, for example. The processor may comprise instructions to read a sample ID code from the sample holder as described herein. Each of the plurality of sample ID codes may correspond to a sample holder that may be used with a specific one of the plurality of the apparatus 100 at a location, for example. The allowable sample ID codes on each processor allow the processor to determine whether a sample container placed in the instrument is suitable for measurement of the sample. For example, the sample ID codes can be used to determine whether a user is attempting to reuse a sample holder comprising container, and not output the measurement data in response to the attempted reuse, as the reused container may comprise one or more contaminants that may decrease the reliability of the measurement. The processor may comprise instructions to log the use of a sample holder 400 as described herein in order to inhibit reuse of the sample holder.
[00172] The processor may comprise additional or alternative identification of the sample holder 400. For example, the sample holder 400 can be configured with a site identifier in order to identify the sample holder as compatible with the instrument. For example, the sample holder 400 may comprise a code, in which each of the plurality of sample holders comprises the same code in order to identify the sample holder as compatible the surgical site. The allowable sample ID code stored on the processor may comprise the sample ID code of a plurality of the sample holder 400 intended for use at the site where the apparatus 100 is located. [00173] In many embodiments, the allowable sample ID code comprises a verification code for the ID of the sample holder. The verification code for the ID of the sample holder may comprise one or more codes that can be read from the ID of the sample holder, such as a checksum of the code on the sample holder. The verification code stored on the processor can ensure that the sample is read accurately, for example when the spectral measurement signal of the sample is encoded with the spectral encoding material. Alternatively or in combination, the spectral encoding material may be configured to provide a spectrally encoded signal that can be processed so as to provide a verification portion and an
identification portion. The verification portion of the spectrally encoded signal can be derived from the identification portion of the spectrally encoded signal, similar to a checksum, in order to verify that the spectrally encoded signal has been read correctly and that the sample has been measured correctly.
Table 2. Configurations of spectral encoding material
Figure imgf000038_0001
[00174] The spectral encoding material can be configured with a discrete number of configurations. A person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a significant number of spectral encoding material configurations can be provided. Although 3 materials are shown, a significantly greater number of spectral encoding materials can be used for example 5 or more, or 10 or more, spectral encoding materials. The percentage amounts for each material can be changed as well, for example with 1% increments instead of 10% increments.
[00175] For example, for each of the three materials having 10 discrete values, work in relation to embodiments suggests that 10 configurations can be provided. The processor system can be configured to determine the configuration of the spectral encoding material as the reference ID code, and compare the configuration with the list of allowable reference ID codes.
[00176] Additional spectral encoding can be provided to verify the reference ID code. For example additional materials and combinations of materials can be provided to provide verification. Alternatively or in combination, finer resolution values can be provided to encode the verification signal. For example, when the allowable configurations vary by 10% increments, the verification signal can be encoded in 5 % increments in order to define the verification signal.
[00177] While the spectral encoding can be configured in many ways with a verification code, in many embodiments, the configuration of each material can be expressed a byte of a word. For example, the first material may comprise a first 8 bit word with approximately 256 discrete resolution values, the second material may comprise a second 8 bit word having approximately 256 discrete resolution values, and the third material may comprise a third 8 bit word having approximately 256 values. With such a configuration, the total number of
24
codes can be approximately 2 = 16,777,216. Values of the 8 bit word for each material are shown below in Table 3 as an example for spectral encoding material configuration I having a first 8 bit word for Polystyrene of (0001000), a second 8 bit word for
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of 01000000, and a third 8 bit word for Nylon of
00100000.
Table 3. Words for each configuration with corresponding binary codes
Figure imgf000039_0001
[00178] While the verification spectral encoding verification signal can be configured in many ways, in many embodiments the spectral encoding verification signal comprises a checksum of the three eight bit words. The checksum may comprise one or more of a parity byte or parity word checksum, a modular sum, or a position-dependent checksum, for example. Each of the 8 bit words can be added with extra values discarded and the two's compliment can be appended as a checksum. The checksum of the three materials provided can be 01110000, for example, and the corresponding twos complement 10010000. A fourth spectral encoding material can be configured with the checksum value of 10010000, for example. In these embodiments, the sum of the three eight bit words of 01110000 when added with the checksum verification code of 10010000 provides a value of 00000000 when the spectral encoding materials are accurately measured. As the spectral encoding signal can be measured with the same beam as the sample, the verification of the spectrally encoded signal can verify the accuracy of the sample measurement. [00179] The spectrally encoded signal can be configured in many ways. For example, each of the words may comprise more bits or fewer. Also, while encoding is made with reference to three materials to encode the signal and a fourth material to verity the signal other combinations can be used. For example, four 6 bit words could be used with the first 3 words provided with the spectral encoding signal and the fourth word provided as the verification signal. Such a configuration can be provided with three spectral encoding materials, for example. Each material could encode 8 bits for a total of 24 bits, for example, with the first 18 bits used to transmit the spectrally encoded reference code and the last 6 bits used to transmit the spectrally encoded verification code. Alternatively, the order of the bits can be reversed.
[00180] Although reference is made to amounts of each material, each material provides a spectrum over several wavelengths, such that an amount of each factor of the decomposed spectral signal may comprise a word of the spectrally encoded signal, and the amount of each factor may correspond to the value of the word. As each material may correspond to a plurality of factors from the decomposed spectra, for example five or more factors, each material can have a plurality of 8 bit words associated with an amount of the material. For example, for a composite material of polystyrene, PMMA and Nylon, the number of factors can be greater than 10, such that the number of discrete configurations of the spectrally encoded material can be much greater than the combinations of the amount of each material, for example. Therefore for a given composite material, the number of words available for each material can be substantially greater than the number of resolvable percentages of each material.
[00181] In many embodiments, a plurality of factors is used to determine an amount of material in order to increase the available resolution. For example, although reference is made to 8 bit words, the resolution for each material can be much higher, for example 10 bits with a plurality of factors used to determine an amount of each material of the composite spectral encoding material.
[00182] The spectral encoding material may comprise a material treated to provide additional resolvable values suitable for spectral encoding. For example, the spectrally encoded material may comprise a heated material, a stretched material or a material fabricated with extrusion, for example.
[00183] Figures 15A and 15B show spectrally encoded signatures for first and second fluorescent material combinations. Two different examples using fluorescence spectroscopy in which the underlying fluorophore emissions dictate the overall Spectrally Encoded Signature. Although only two signatures are shown, thousands of signatures, or more, can be produced using three fluorophores, for example. Even more signatures can be produced using more fluorophores, in accordance with embodiments.
[00184] The spectral encoding structure can be configured similarly to the spectral encoding signal in order to spectrally encode the measurement signal. For example, the spectrally encoding structure may comprise a structure configured to provide a wavelength dependent signal such as one or more of a grating, a periodic structure, a periodic phase altering structure, a periodic intensity changing structure, a diffractive optic, or a holographic structure. The measurement signal may comprise one or more diffractive orders of the spectral encoding structure, for example, such that the spectrally encoded signal provides a wavelength dependent signal.
[00185] In many embodiments, the spectral encoding structure corresponds to a measurable digital signal of a digital word as described herein, in order to transmit one or more words with the spectral encoding structure. The one or more transmitted words may comprise reference a reference portion and a verification portion as described herein, for example. In many embodiments, the spectral encoding structure may comprise a digitally generated structure to transmit the spectrally encoded signal. The digitally generated structure can be configured in many ways and may comprise a phase profile structure such as a structure having shape profile corresponding to a modulus of two pi of a target wavefront in order to provide the spectrally encoded signal. The spectrometer can be configured to measure far field of the digital optical structure such that the far field corresponds to a Fourier transform of the spectral encoding structure. The spectral encoding structure can be configured with one or more of a surface profile or an intensity profile corresponding to an inverse Fourier transform of a target signal in order to transmit the target spectrally encoded signal to the detector.
[00186] Figures 15C and 15D show infrared absorbance spectrally encoded signatures. The spectra have been offset to show the spectral features of the individual components and the composite spectrally encoded signature. The spectra show two different examples using infrared spectroscopy in which the underlying absorbance of each polymer material provides the overall Spectrally Encoded Signature. Although only two unique encoded signatures are shown, thousands of signatures can be produced with different intensity combinations of the polymers as described herein. Even more signatures can be produced by increasing the number of polymers. Table 4 below lists materials suitable for use as spectral encoding materials. [00187] Figure 16 shows a method 1300 of measuring a sample in accordance with embodiments.
[00188] At a step 1301 a plurality of ready to use sample holders is generated having the spectral encoding material.
[00189] At a step 1302, a plurality of sample holders is provided, the sample holders comprising a spectral encoding material. The spectral encoding material may comprises a spectral encoding calibration material.
[00190] At a step 1304, a plurality of valid sample holder IDs is transmitted to a plurality of measurement apparatus.
[00191] At a step 1306, a sample holder is selected.
[00192] At a step 1308, a sample is placed on the selected sample holder. The sample holder may comprise a container as described herein with the sample placed in the container, for example.
[00193] At a step 1310, the sample on the sample holder is washed. The sample on the sample holder can be washed with a fluid advanced over the sample, or with the sample passing through the fluid gravimetrically, as described herein, for example.
[00194] At a step 1312, the sample holder is placed on a spectrometer. The sample holder can be placed on a fixed support of the spectrometer such that the sample holder is aligned with one or more optical components of the spectrometer, for example.
[00195] At a step 1314, the sample on the sample holder is illuminated with one or more light beams. The one or more light beams can illuminate the sample with the spectral encoding material or the optical structure, or both, as described herein so as to encode the measurement light beam with spectral information.
[00196] At a step 1316, one or more spectrally encoded spectra are measured with the one or more light beams. The measured spectrally encoded spectra can be encoded with one or more of the spectral encoding material, the optical structure or the calibration material as described herein.
[00197] At a step 1318, the one or more spectra are decomposed. The one or more spectra can be decomposed in one or more of many ways, such as with one or more of chemo- metrics, principal component analysis, or singular value decomposition.
[00198] At a step 1320, one or more factors of the spectra are determined with spectral decomposition. The factors can be orthogonal or non-orthogonal, for example. The analysis can comprise one or more of principle components analysis (PCA), principle components regression (PCR), multivariate curve resolution (MCR), classical least squares (CLS), partial least squares regression (PLS), neural networks, or other bio statistical or chemometric approaches, for example. In many embodiments, the factors are orthogonal to each other. Alternatively, at least some of the factors may comprise non-orthogonal factors.
[00199] At a step 1322, one or more codes of the spectrally encoded signal is determined. In many embodiments, the decomposed spectral signal comprises a plurality of parameters such as a plurality of factors of the measured one or more spectra. The plurality of parameters comprises components corresponding to the spectral encoding material and components corresponding to the sample. The parameters corresponding to the spectral encoding signal can be identified. In many embodiments, the spectral encoding material is arranged to provide a plurality of discrete values of the parameters, and the plurality of parameter can be fit to discrete values corresponding to allowed values of the spectral encoding material.
[00200] At a step 1324, a reference code of the spectrally encoded signal is determined. In response to parameters of the spectral signal (e.g. factors) and the allowable values of the factors based on the spectrally encoded signal (e.g. 1% increments of weight percentage of each of the spectral encoding materials), the plurality of parameters can be converted into a reference code for the sample. The reference code for the sample may comprise a sample identification code or other helpful code such as a code identifying the sample holder as a member of a class of sample holders, such as sample holders identified as suitable for use with a particular measurement apparatus at a particular measurement site.
[00201] At a step 1326, a first verification code of the spectrally encoded signal is determined. The first verification code may comprise verification code of the plurality of spectral parameters. For example, the first verification code may comprise one or more of the plurality of spectral parameters from the decomposed spectra. For example, the first verification code may comprise a plurality of spectral factors encoded with the spectral encoding material. The spectral encoding material can be configured, for example arranged, so as to provide the spectral encoding signal with the first verification code in order to transmit the first verification code with the reference code and to verify the integrity of the reference code and confirm the spectrometer is operational. The first verification code can be similar to a checksum or cryptographic hash function or other value transmitted with the reference signal.
[00202] At a step 1328, a second verification code is determined from the reference code. The second verification code can be determined with an algorithm applied to the reference code. The algorithm can be similar to a checksum or cryptographic hash function applied with digital data transmission to verify a portion of the digital data signal. [00203] At a step 1330, the first verification code determined from the factors is compared with the second verification code determined from the reference code. This verification can ensure that the sample has been measured accurately, and may also ensure that the spectrometer is calibrated when the spectral encoding material comprises a spectral encoding reference material.
[00204] At a step 1332, Determine whether the first verification code matches the second verification code. The first verification code can be compared digitally with the second verification code in order to determine whether the first verification code matches the second verification code in a manner similar to the output of a check sum or cryptographic hash function applied to the transmitted data can be compared to the answer transmitted with the data to ensure data integrity.
[00205] At a step 1334, the measurement of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra is identified as valid in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
[00206] At a step 1336, the reference code is defined as a sample holder identification (ID). This step can be performed earlier in the method, and in many embodiments the reference signal comprises the sample holder identification.
[00207] At a step 1338, one or more of a plurality of valid sample holder IDs is transmitted to a site having a measurement apparatus. The valid sample holder IDs can be used to determine whether the sample holder is suitable for use with the measurement apparatus. The valid sample holder can be limited to sample holders assigned to the specific measurement apparatus based on the valid IDs for example. This can ensure that the sample holders provided are compatible with the measurement apparatus 100. Also, re-use of a sample holder can be detected and no measurement output or an error transmitted to the user. Also, an after-market sample holder that has not been verified by the manufacturer can be detected and blocked.
[00208] At a step 1340, the sample holder ID is compared with one or more a plurality of valid sample holder IDs. The plurality of valid sample holder IDs may comprise values transmitted from a server to each of the plurality of measurement apparatus 100 as described herein. The
[00209] At a step 1342, data of the spectrally encoded spectra is provided to a user in response to the sample holder ID matching one or more of the plurality of valid sample holder IDs. [00210] At a step 1344, the measurement of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra is rejected in response to the sample holder ID not matching one or more valid sample holder IDs
[00211] At a step 1346, calibration of the measurement apparatus is determined in response to the one or more spectrally encoded spectra.
[00212] At a step 1348, the sample holder ID is associated with a subject ID.
[00213] At a step 1350, one or more biomarkers is determined in response to the one or more spectrally encoded spectra.
[00214] At a step 1352, the one or more biomarkers associated with the subject ID and the sample holder ID is displayed in response to the one or more spectrally encoded spectra.
[00215] At a step 1356, user input of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra and one or more biomarkers is received.
[00216] At a step 1358, data of the one or more spectrally encoded spectra is transmitted to a database.
[00217] At a step 1360, an ID of the selected sample holder is transmitted to the database.
[00218] At a step 1362, the sample holder ID is removed from plurality of valid sample holder IDs in order to inhibit reuse of the sample holder.
[00219] While method 1300 is shown with reference to a method of measuring a sample in accordance with embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many variations and adaptations. For example, one or more of the steps can be removed. Steps can be added. The order of the steps can be changed. Some of the steps may comprise sub-steps of other steps.
[00220] One or more of the processors as described herein can be configured with instructions to perform one or more of the steps of the method 300 of measuring a sample.
[00221] The spectral encoding material as described herein can be replaced or combined with the spectral encoding structure in accordance with the embodiments as described herein.
[00222] Table 4 lists spectral materials suitable for encoding as described herein. The spectral encoding material may comprise one or more of the materials listed in Table 4. The spectral encoding material may comprise any number of spectral encoding materials as described herein.
[00223] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.
Table 4. Sample Materials: Polymers and Additives
Polyethylene high density, Eraclene MP 90
Polyethylene linear low density, Escorene LLN100 4YB
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polystyrene general purpose, Krasten 127/9001
Polyvinylchloride
Teflon
Poly( vinyl acetate)
Poly( vinyl alcohol)
Poly( vinyl butyral)
Cellulose Microcrystalline (Vivapur 105)
Cellophane
Cellulose Acetate
Ethyl Cellulose
Hydroxybutyl Methyl Cellulose
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
Methyl Cellulose
Nitrocellulose
Starch
Starch, Maize starch
Starch, Potato Starch
Zein
Pork Leather
Poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate)
Poly(diallylphthalate)
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Nylon 6
Nylon 11
Bisphenol-A-polycarbote
Polyurethane
Phenol-formaldehyde resin
Methacrylate oligomer
Paragum 501 (Polyacrylate)
Poly(2-octyl acrylate)
Poly(acrylamide) #1
Poly(acrylamide) #3
Poly(acrylamide) #2
Poly(acrylic acid) m.w.4000000
Poly(butyl acrylate)
Poly(butyl methacrylate)
Poly(ethyl acrylate) #1 Poly(ethyl methacrylate)
Poly(ethylene dimethacrylate)
Poly(hexadecyl methacrylate)
Poly(isodecyl methacrylate)
Poly(methacrylic acid) #1
Poly(methacrylic acid) #2
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate) m.w. 30000
Polyacrylate
Polymethacrylate
Chemlon
Nylon 12 #1
Nylon 12 #2
Nylon 6 #1
Nylon 6 #2
Nylon 610
Nylon 612
Nylon 66
Poly(amide-6,6:amide-6)
Polyamide
Polyamide 6 #1
Polyamide 6 #2
Polyamide 6 #3
Ultramid C-35
Bu CB HC 502 TC, Polymer PB type
Bu CB HX 529 SIC, Polymer PB type
Bu CB HX 529 TC, Polymer PB type
Diene 55 AC, Polymer PB type
Intene 40 A, Polymer PB type
Intene 50 AM, Polymer PB type
Poly(butadiene) (45% cis & trans, 55% vinyl)
Poly(butadiene) (55% cis & trans, 45% vinyl)
Poly(butadiene) (36% cis, 55% trans, 9% vinyl)
Poly(butadiene), phenyl termited
Polybutadiene CIS
Polybutadiene, Asadene 70 X
Polybutadiene, Asaprene 700 A
Polyisoprene cis #1
Techlen BR 1209, Polymer PB type
Poly(l,3-butylene adipate)
Poly(l,3-butylene endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(l,3-butylene fumarate)
Poly(l,3-butylene hexachlor endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(l,3-butylene isophthalate)
Poly(l,3-butylene phthalate)
Poly(l,3-butylene succite)
Poly(l,4-butylene adipate) Poly(l,4-butylene fumarate)
Poly(l,4-butylene hexachlor endomethylene
tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(l,4-butylene succite)
Poly(l,4-butylene terephthalate) #1
Poly(l ,4-butylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(cyclohexylene terephthalate)
Poly(diethylene hexachlor endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(diethylene phthalate)
Poly(diethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(dipropylene endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(dipropylene hexachlor endomethylene
tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(dipropylene isophthalate)
Poly(ethylene adipate)
Poly(ethylene endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(ethylene hexachlor endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(ethylene isophthalate)
Poly(ethylene maleate)
Poly(ethylene maleidipate)
Poly(ethylene phthalate)
Poly(ethylene succite)
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) #1
Poly(hexandiol 1 ,6 maleidipate)
Poly(isopropylene endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(neopentylene adipate)
Poly(neopentylene fumarate)
Poly(neopentylene hexachlor endomethylene
tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(neopentylene isophthalate)
Poly(neopentylene phthalate)
Poly(neopentylene succite)
Poly(neopentylene terephthalate)
Poly(neopentylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(propylene adipate)
Poly(propylene endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(propylene fumarate)
Poly(propylene hexachlor endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(propylene isophthalate)
Poly(propylene maleate)
Poly(propylene succite)
Poly(propylene tertahydrophthalate))
Poly(trimethylpentylen adipate)
Poly(trimethylpentylen endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(trimethylpentylen maleate)
Poly(trimethylpentylen phthalate)
Poly(trimethylpentylen sebacate)
Poly(trimethylpentylen succite) Poly(trimethylpentylen tetrahydrophthalate)
Polter based mixture
Polter, adipic Acid
Polter; terephthalate based
Perdeuteropolyethylene
Poly(ethylene:propylene) (60% ethylene)
Polyethylene chlorosulphoted
Polyethylene low density
Polyethylene medium density
Polyethylene oxidized
Polyethylene plasticized #1
Polyethylene plasticized #2
Polyethylene, Daplex BF 4572
Polyethylene, Eltex K 52-05-159
Polyethylene, Engage 8180
Polyethylene, Eraclene 80
Polyethylene, Fithene 3802 Y
Polyethylene, Hostalen GM 7040
Polyethylene, Liten MB 62
Polyethylene, Lupolen 6021 D
Polyethylene, Moplen ZB 5015 F
Polyethylene, Scolefm PE AG 62 BA
Polyethylene, Stayrolen PE 4FE69
Acacia gum
Alkylarylpoly(ethylene glycol)
Carrageen
Gum arabic
Paraformaldehyde
Paraldehyde
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate
PEG-200 Glyceryl Tallowate
Poly(l-butene)
Poly(acrylonitrile)
Poly(diallylphthalate) #1
Poly(ethyl acrylate) #2
Poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate)
Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)
Poly(N-vinyl carbazole), Luvican
Poly(phenylmethylsiloxane)
Poly( vinyl acetate) #2
Poly( vinyl formal)
Poly( vinyl isobutyl ether)
Poly( vinyl methyl ketone)
Polyether polyol
Polyimide
Polyisobutylene
Lubrizol 2153
Polyoxymethylene #1
Figure imgf000050_0001
Phenolic Resin Phenolic Resol
Phenoxy resin
Phenoxy resin
Phenoxy resin
Polyamide resin
Polycarbote
Polyurethane resin
Polyurethane resin based polymer #1
Versamid 100 polyamide resin
Fluorosilicone Rubber
tural Rubber
Black rubber used for bike break, filled polymer
Black rubber used for bike tyre, filled polymer
Black rubber used for car summer tyre, filled polymer Black rubber used for car winter tyre, filled polymer
Rubber Carbon Filled #1
Rubber Carbon Filled #2
Isoprene Based Copolymer, filled
White Rubber
Dimethicone
Dimethyl Polysiloxane
Dimeticone
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) #1
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) #2
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (n= 1,000 ctks)
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) 10000
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) 60000
Poly(methylphenylsiloxane) fluid
Poly(methylphenylsiloxane) viscose fluid
Polysiloxane
Silicone rubber #1
Silicone rubber #2
Silicone rubber #3
Acrylic Copolymer with Styrene
Lotryl 20MA08
I otrvl 35MA08
Poloxamer 105 (PEG-PPG copolymer)
Poly(2,6-dimethyl-l ,4-phenylene ether)+polystyrene
Poly(acrylonitrile :butadiene)
Poly(acrylonitrile : divinylbenzene)
Poly(acrylonitrile : ethylene :propylene : styrene) # 1 Poly(acrylonitrile : ethylene :propylene : styrene) #2
Poly(alpha-methylstyrene-block-butadiene)
Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene:propene)
Poly(ethylene:tetrafluoroethylene)
Poly(ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene)
Poly(methyl methacrylate :butadiene)
Poly(m-phenylene isopthalamide)/(viscose) Poly(styrene : ethylacrylate)
Poly(styrene :n-butyl methacrylate)
Poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene)
Poly(vinylidene chloride : acrylonitrile)
Poly(vinylidene chloride: vinyl chloride)
Poly [(2,3 -epoxypropyl methacrylate) : styrene : (ethylenedimethacrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid):(2-ethylhexyl acrylate): styrene]
Poly [(acrylic acid) : (acrylate) : styrene]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (butyl acrylate) :(methacryl amide): styrene]
Poly[(acrylic acid):(butyl acrylate) :2-(hydroxyethyl
methacrylate) : styrene]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (butyl acrylate): styrene]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (ethyl acrylate) :(2-hydroxyethyl
methacrylate) : styrene]
Poly [(acrylic acid):(maleic anhydride)]
Poly [(acrylic acid): ethylene], Surlyn
Poly[(divinyl benzene): styrene]
Poly [ethylene: (vinyl acetate)]
Poly[styrene-co-acrylonitrile-co-(divinyl benzene)]
Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride
Ultramid 6A, Poly[caprolactam:(hexamethylene adipamide)]
Vinylpyrrolidone-Vinylacetate Copolymer
Cycolac AM-AS 48879, Copolymer ABS type
Cycolac G 101, Copolymer ABS type
Cycolac TIAS, Copolymer ABS type
Forsan 449/9002, Copolymer ABS type
Forsan 548/9002, Copolymer ABS type
Forsan 573, Copolymer ABS type
Lustran HH 1655, Copolymer ABS type
Magnum 3404, Copolymer ABS type
Magnum 3416 SC, Copolymer ABS type
Magnum 3453, Copolymer ABS type
Novodur U 2, Copolymer ABS type
Novodur P2H AT, Copolymer ABS type
Novodur P2T, Copolymer ABS type
Poly(acrylonitrile :butadiene : styrene) # 1
Poly(acrylonitrile :butadiene : styrene) #2
Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)
Polylac 737 PA, Copolymer ABS type
Sinkral CA24Y, Copolymer ABS type
Starex HR 0390, Copolymer ABS type
Starex SM 0150, Copolymer ABS type
Starex VH 0800, Copolymer ABS type
Terluran 967 , Copolymer ABS type
Terluran KR 2893, Copolymer ABS type
Terluran KR P 31147, Copolymer ABS type
Urtal B 23, Copolymer ABS type
Poly(methyl methacrylate):: (butyl methacrylate) Poly[(2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate): (ethylene dimethacrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid):(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (butyl acrylate): (ethyl acrylate):(2-ethylhexyl acrylate):(methacryl amide)]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (butyl acrylate): (ethyl acrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (butyl acrylate) :(methacryl amide): (methyl methacrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (butyl acrylate): (methyl methacrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (butyl acrylate):]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (ethyl acrylate) :(methacryl amide): (methyl methacrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid): (ethyl acrylate)]
Poly [(acrylic acid) : acrylonitrile]
Poly [(ethyl acrylate) :(methacrylic acid)]
Poly [acrylonitrile: (butyl acrylate) :(methacryl amide)]
Poly [acrylonitrile: (ethyl acrylate) :(methacrylic acid): (methyl methacrylate)]
Poly(butadiene : : styrene)
Poly(butadiene:styrene), Bu BL 6533
Poly(butadiene:styrene), Cariflex 1500
Poly(butadiene:styrene), Cariflex 1712
Poly(butadiene:styrene), Solprene 1205
Poly(butadiene:styrene), Solprene 1322
Poly(styrene::butadiene) ABA block (28% styrene), Kraton D 1101
Poly(styrene::butadiene) ABA block (30%> styrene), Solprene 411
Poly(styrene::butadiene) block
Poly(styrene::butadiene) graft
Poly(styrene: :butadiene: :divinylbenzene)
Poly(styrene: :butadiene: : styrene)
Poly(styrene : :butadiene : : styrene : :butadiene : : styrene)
Poly(styrene::isoprene) ABA block (14% styrene)
Poly(styrene :butadiene)
Bu AP 251 , Copolymer EPDM type
Bu AP 447, Copolymer EPDM type
Bu AP 541, Copolymer EPDM type
Dutral PMX 9705, Copolymer EPDM type
Dutral PMX 9710, Copolymer EPDM type
Dutral TER 4038 EP, Copolymer EPDM type
Dutral TER 9046, Copolymer EPDM type
Keltan 1446 A, Copolymer EPDM type
Keltan 314, Copolymer EPDM type
Keltan 480X100, Copolymer EPDM type
Keltan 509 X 100, Copolymer EPDM type
Keltan 512, Copolymer EPDM type
Poly(ethylene propylene :diene) (50%> ethylene, 4% diene)
Poly(ethylene propylene :diene) (50%> ethylene, 8% diene)
Poly(ethylene propylene: diene) (70%> ethylene, 4% diene)
Polysar EPDM 345, Copolymer EPDM type
Royalene 501, Copolymer EPDM type
Vistalon 5630, Copolymer EPDM type
Vistalon 6505, Copolymer EPDM type
Vistalon 6630, Copolymer EPDM type
Figure imgf000054_0001
Agar powder Agar with maltose extract
Amylopectine
Amylopectine Ultra N
Asphalt
Caramel
Carboxymethyl cellulose, salt
Carboxymethyl cellulose, salt, ultra low viscosity
Carboxymethylamylopectine Sodium
Carboxymethylcellulose (Carmellose)
Casein
Casein hydrolysate
Casein sodium salt
Cellacefate, Cellulose acetate phthalate
Cellulose #1
Cellulose #2
Cellulose (MDOC), Ca salt
Cellulose Acetate (39.8% acetyl)
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
Cellulose Acetate cine film
Cellulose Beaded (Perloza)
Cellulose Microcrystalline (Avicel)
Cellulose Modified
Cellulose Modified
Cellulose swabs
Cork
Deerskin
Dextran 40000
Dextran 60000-80000
Explotab (Sodium Starch Glycolate)
Gelatin
Gelatin foam
Human Skin
Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate
Hydroxybutyl Methyl Cellulose
Hydroxyethyl ether cellulose
Hydroxyethylcellulose
Hydroxymethylcellulose
Hypromellose (4000)
Kollidon VA 64
Beef Leather
Lignine
Maltodextrin KMS X-50
Methocel E15
Methocel E3
Methocel E5
Methocel 100
Methocel K15
Methocel K4 Modified Starch
Nitrocellulose in mixture
Paper coated
Paper coated office
Paper coated, white card
Paper coated, white card matt
Paper filled with kaoline pigment
Paper glossy plotter
Paper pkin
Paper with polymer coating
Paper with polymer coating #1
Paper with polymer coating #2
Paper with polymer coating #3
Paper with polymer coating #4
Paper, beige recycled
Paper, brown box unbleached
Paper, brown unbleached for packing
Paper, colored, purple
Paper, extra thin yellow
Paper, matt
Paper, white
Paper, white box
Paper, white office
Papyrus Egypt
Pectine
Pectine Citrus
Pine Resin
Polyvidone 30, Polyvmylpolypyrrolidone
Scallop
Starch
Starch Modified
Starch sodium octenyl succite
Starch Tapioca
Starch, Corn Starch Pregelatinised
Starch, Maize Starch Pregelatinised
Starch, Potato Starch Acetyl Oxidized
Starch, Rice Starch
Macrogol 1500, Polyethylene glycol) 1500 Macrogol 200, Polyethylene glycol) 200 Macrogol 4000, Polyethylene glycol) 4000 Macrogol 6000, Polyethylene glycol) 6000
Poiy(ethylene glycol) 1000
Poly(ethylene glycol) 14000
Polyethylene glycol) 2000
Polyethylene glycol) 300
Polyethylene glycol) 400
Poly(ethylene glycol) 4000
Polyethylene glycol) 6000 Polyethylene glycol) 8000
Poly(ethylene oxide)
Poly(propylene glycol) 2000
Polyethylene Oxide 4000000
Polyethylene Oxide 5000000
Polyethylene Oxide 900000
Poly(4,4-dipropoxy-2,2-diphenyl propane fumarate)
Poly(dianol 22 adipate)
Poly(dianol 22 endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(dianol 22 isophthalate)
Poly(dianol 22 maleate)
Poly(dianol 22 succite)
Poly(dianol 22 tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(dianol 33 adipate)
Poly(dianol 33 endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate)
Poly(dianol 33 fumarate)
Poly(dianol 33 isophthalate)
Poly(dianol 33 maleate)
Poly(dianol 33 phthalate)
Poly(dianol 33 succite)
Poly(dianol 33 tetrahydrophthalate)
Antioxidant 2246
ARC 1-1010
Chimasorb 81, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)
Chimasorb 944
Cyasorb UV 3346
Didodecyl 3,3'-thiodipropiote, DLTDP
Dioctadecyl 3,3'-thiodipropiote
Hostanox 03
Hostavin N30 (HALS)
Irgafos 168
Irganox 1010
Irganox 1010 + Irganox 168
Irganox 1076
Irganox 1330
Irganox 168, Tris(2,4-di-terc.butylphenyl)phosphite
Irganox 3114
Leucopur EGM
Millad 3988
Santonox R
Tinuvin 622
Uvinul 4050 H
Candelilla wax
Caruba wax
Caruba wax yellow
Ceresin
Cetaceum, Cetyl Palmitate 15
Chlorited paraffin Chlorowax
Ethoxylated Lanoline 4000
Glycerol Tristearate
Lanolin Anhydrous
Lanolin Wax
Paraffin
Paraffin wax
Paraffin, Flakes
Tripalmitin
Wax
Wax, Emulsifying
Wax, White Bees Wax
Wax, Yellow Bees Wax
Sorbitan Oleate, Span 80
Sorbitan Stearate, Span 60
Tween 20, POE (20) sorbitan monolaurate
Tween 21, POE (4) sorbitan monolaurate
Tween 40, POE (20) sorbitan monostearate
Tween 60, POE (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate
Tween 61, POE (4) sorbitan monopalmitate
Tween 80, POE (20) sorbitan monooleate
Tween 85, POE (20) sorbitan trioleate
1.3- Diphenylguanidine
1.4- Phenylenediamine
1- phthol
2- Mercaptobenzothiazole MBT
Aerosil 200
Aerosil R972
Aliquat 336
Alkanol XC
Alkylated Diphenylamine, Irganox L57
Aluminium acetate basic
Aluminium Distearate
Aluminium Hydroxide
Ethylene /Vinylacetate copolymer with Aluminium Oxide pigment
Aluminium Oxide 90
Aluminium Stearate
Aluminosilicate
Aluminosilicate Sodium
Ammonium Bromide
Ammonium Chloride
Bicarbote Ammonium
Bicarbote Potassium
Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) tallow amine
Brij 35, Polyoxyethylene (35) Lauryl Ether
Bromochlorited paraffin
Cabosil HS-5, Si02 based
Cabosil LM-150, Si02 based Calcium Carbote
Calcium Chloride Crystallic
Calcium Chloride Powder
Calcium Oxide
Calcium Stearate
Aluminiumsilicate Calcium Sodium
Carbote Potassium
Carbote Sodium anh.
Castor oil, ethoxylated
Chloride Magnesium
Coal Tar
Colloid Defoamer
Dapro DF-911, Defoamer
Decabromdiphenyloxide
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibutyl phthalate
Diethylenetriamine
Diisodecyl Phthalate
Di-isononyl Phthalate
Disodium Calcium Edetate
Disodium EDTA
Ditridecyl Phthalate
Docosanoic Acid, Behenic Acid
Durafur developer D
Eastobrite OB-1
Edetate Dipotassium Magnesium
Emulgator E 2149, Stearyl Alcohol and Esters Mixture
Erucamide
Ethoxylated tallow amine
Ethyl palmitate
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid = EDTA
Fatty Amines Modified
Ferric Hydroxide
Glass fiber
Glass wool
Glycerides of fatty acids C12-C22
Glycerides of tural fatty acids
Glycerol Stearate
Glyceryl Stearate
Gum Tragacanth
Hexadecanoic Acid, Palmitic acid
Hydroxide Aluminium
Iron (III) Hydroxide
Iron (III) Oxide Hydroxide
Iron (III) Oxide monohydrate, yellow
Iron (III) Oxide, Hematite
Iron (III) Oxide, Red ~
Figure imgf000060_0001
Span 40, Sorbitan Monopalmitate Stearamide
Stearate Zinc
Succinimide
Surfactant, Sodium Alkyl polyglycol ether sulfate
Surfactant, Syntopon A 100
Talc
Tetrasodium Edetate
Titanium Dioxide
Titanium Ethoxide
Tri(n-octyl,n-decyl)trimellitate
Trilaurin
Triton, X-100
Tween 65, POE (20) sorbitan tristearate
Tween 81 , POE (5) sorbitan monooleate
Vanfre IL-1
Zinc Oxide
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT
Alkyd with Castor Oil
Alkyd, 40% soybean oil
Alkyd, 45% linseed oil
Alkyd, 65% soybean oil
Phthalic Alkyd
Color masterbatch Poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] + 45% benzimidazolone Color masterbatch Poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] + 45% yellow pigment #3 Color masterbatch Poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] + 45% yellow pigment #4 Color masterbatch Poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] + 45% yellow pigment #1 Color masterbatch Poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] + 45% yellow pigment #2
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% red pigment #1
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% red pigment #2
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% red pigment #3
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% red pigment #4
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% yellow pigment #1
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% yellow pigment #2
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% yellow pigment #3
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% yellow pigment #4
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 30% yellow pigment #5
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 40% yellow pigment
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 45% yellow pigment
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 60% brown pigment
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 60% Fe-oxide
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 60% yellow pigment #1
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 60% yellow pigment #2
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 60% yellow pigment #3
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + 75% white pigment
Color masterbatch Polyethylene + Zn, Fe oxide
Color masterbatch Polypropylene + 70% white pigment
Color masterbatch Polypropylene + brown pigment
Color masterbatch Polypropylene + white pigment Color masterbatch Polypropylene + yellow pigment #1
Color masterbatch Polystyrene + 30%, Sb, Ni, Ti-oxide
Color masterbatch Polystyrene + 50% brown pigment
Color masterbatch Polystyrene + 50% white pigment
Polypropylene + yellow pigment #2
Color masterbatch Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) + 50% white pigment
(+/-)-Camphor
(E)-Anethole
1 , 12-Diaminododecane
1.2.4- Triacetoxybenzene
l,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane
1 ,2-Dicyanobenzene
1.3.5- Triethylhexahydro-l ,3,5-triazine
1.4- Phenylenediacetic Acid
1.5- Dimethylphthalene
12-Hydroxydodecanoic acid
1-Adamantanecarboxylic acid
1 -Bromohexadecane
1 -Bromotetradecane
1 -Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1-Docosanol
1-Heptadecanol
1-Heptene
1-Hexadecanol
1-Iodobutane
1 -Methyl -4-piperidone
1 -Methylphthalene
1-Nodecanol
1-Octacosane
1- Octadecanol
1 -Phenyl- 1 ,2-ethanediol
1 -Phenyl-2 -thiourea
2- (Dibutylamino)ethanol
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,-Azobis(isobutyronitrile)
2.4.6- Trimethylpyridine
2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt
2'-Acetophthone
2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l ,3-propanediol; TRIS
2-Azacyclotridecanone
2-Butenoic acid, ethyl ester
2-Chlorobenzoic acid
2-Chlorobenzonitrile
2-Ethoxyphthalene
2-Ethylbutyric acid
2-Ethylcaproic Acid
2-Ethylhexyl nitrate 2-Fluoropropionic acid
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
2-Methoxybenzaldehyde
2-Methoxyphthalene
2-Methylphthalene
2-phthoic acid
2-phthol
2-phthyl acetate
2-Phenoxyethanol
2- Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
3,5-Dimethylphenol = Xylenol
3- Aminophenol
3-Chlorobenzaldehyde
3-Hexyne
3-Nitrophenol
3 - Pico line = 3-Methylpyridine
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline)
4- Aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminosalicylic acid sodium salt
4-Bromoaniline
4-Bromophenol
4-Chlorobenzoic acid
4-Chlorobutyronitrile
4-Fluorobenzoic acid
4-Iodophenol
4-Methoxybenzaldehyde
4-Methoxybenzonitrile
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide
5 ,5 -Dimethyl- 1 ,3 -cyclohexanedione
6-Aminohexanoic acid
9, 10-Dicyanoanthracene
Acephthene
Acetamide
Acetanilide
Acetoacetanilide
Acetylsalicylic acid
Ally! sulfide
Aluminium Chlorohydrate
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium Citrate Monobasic
Ammonium iodide
Anthracene
Anthraquinone
Azelaic acid
Bentonite
Benzamide
Benzenesulfonic acid Benzil
Benzimidazole
Benzoin
Benzophenone
Benzotriazole
Benzyl bromide
Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride
Beta-cyclodextrine
Biphenyl
Biuret
Boric Acid
Bromoacetic acid
Bromobutyrolactone
Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA
Butyltriphenylphosphonium bromide
Calcium Acetate
Calcium chloride dihydrate
Calcium Diacetate
Calcium Hydroxide
Calcium Lactate
Calcium Petroleum Sulfate
Camphene
Carbote Sodium Decahydrate
Carbote Zinc Basic
Cetyldimethylamine
Chloral hydrate
Chloroacetamide
Chloroacetic acid
Chlorodiphenylphosphine
Cinmic Acid
Citric Acid
Citric Acid Monohydrate
Cocoamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine
Cupric acetate .H2Q
Cyclododecanone
D-(+)-Malic acid
Dextrin
D-Galactonic acid g-lactone
Di(ethylene glycol) distearate
Dicyandiamide sulfate
Diethyl dithiophosphate, ammonium salt
Diethyl glutarate
Diethyl isoamylmalote
Diethyl Sulfate
Diethyl t-butylmalote
Dimethyl Sulfate
Diphenylacetylene
Diphosphate Tetrasodium Diphosphate Tetrasodium Decahydrate
Dipropylene Glycol
Disodium Orthophosphate
Di-t-butyl dicarbote
Dithionite Sodium
DL-Camphor
PL-Menthol
DL-Tartaric Acid
Dodecanoic acid
Dodecyl aldehyde
Ethyl caprylate
Ethyl maltol
Ethyl nicotite
Ethylene glycol diformate
Gallic acid
Gallotannin
Glycerol triacetate
Glyceryl monooleate
Heneicosane
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexamethylbenzene
Hexatriacontane
Hydroquinone
Hypophosphite Sodium
Imidazole
Indole
Inositol
Iodoform
Iron Citrate
Isopropyl Glycidyl Ether
Isostearyl isostearate
Itaconic acid
Lead(II) nitrate
L-Lactic acid
L-Lactic acid, Sodium salt
L-Malic acid
L-Menthol
Ludipress (mixture)
Macrogol Sodium Sulphosuccite 30% Magnesium Carbote Basic Hydrate
Maleic acid
Menthol
Metabisulfite Potassium
Metabisulfite Sodium
Methanesulfonic acid
Methyl 2-furoate
Methylenedilaurate
Methylhydroquinone Methyltin Mercaptoester Sulfides mixed
Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide
Michler's Ketone
Morpholine hydrobromide
m-Phthalodinitrile
Myristic acid
N,N-Dimethyl- 1 -phthylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine
Ν,Ν'-Methylenebisacrylamide
N-Benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride
N-Bromosuccinimide
n-Dotriacontane
N-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride
Nicotinic acid = Niacin
Nocosane
Nonoic acid
n-Pentyl Formate
Octadecanoic Acid, Calcium Salt
Octylbenzene
Oil of Peppermint, Menthol
Orthoboric Acid
Ostion (HPLC sorbent)
o-Tolidine
o-Tolunitrile
Oxalic Acid
Pentaerythritol
Pentasodium triphosphate
Pentyl propiote
Persulfate Ammonium
Persulfate Potassium
Persulfate Sodium
Petroleum Sulfote
Phenyl Salicylate
Phenylboronic acid
Phenylmercuric acetate
Phenylurea
Phosphate Ammonium Dibasic
Phosphate Ammonium Monobasic
Phosphate Calcium Dibasic
Phosphate Calcium Monobasic
Phosphate Calcium Tribasic
Phosphate Calcium, Hydroxylapatite
Phosphate Potassium Dibasic
Phosphate Potassium Dibasic Trihydrate
Phosphate Potassium Monobasic
Phosphate Potassium Tribasic n-hydrate
Phosphate Sodium Dibasic
Phosphate Sodium Dibasic Dihydrate Phosphate Sodium Dibasic Heptahydrate
Phosphate Sodium Monobasic
Phosphate Sodium Monobasic Dihydrate
Phosphate Sodium Tribasic
Phthalide
Piperazine dihydro chloride
Pivalic acid t-butylamide
Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfote)
Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate
Polyglyceryl Oleate
Potassium Acetate
Potassium bromate
Potassium carbote, sesquihydrate
Potassium chloride
Potassium Ferricyanide
Potassium Ferrocyanide
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium permangate
Propionic Acid
Propyl Gallate
p-Tolunitrile
Pyridine hydrochloride
Quinhydrone
Resorcinol
Salicylic acid
Silver Nitrate
Sodium Acetate
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate
Sodium Cetylsulfate
Sodium Octanoate
Sodium Perborate*4H2Q
Sodium Stearyl Fumarate
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate
Sodium Toluenesulfote
Sodium trichloroacetate
Spheron Oxin 1000 LC
Stannous Chloride
Strontium oxalate
Sucrose (crystals)
Sulfamic acid = Amidosulfonic acid
Sulfate Aluminium
Sulfate Aluminium Potassium
Sulfate Ammonium
Sulfate Ferrous
Sulfate Magnesium
Sulfate Sodium Monobasic
Tannic acid
Tetrabutylammonium bromide Tetrabutylammonium chloride
Tetrabutylammonium cyanide
Tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate
Tetrabutylammonium iodide
Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate
Tetrabutylammonium sulfamate
Tetracosane
Tetraethylammonium bromide
Tetraethylammonium chloride
Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate
Tetramethylammonium bromide
Tetramethylammonium fluoride
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
Tetramethylammonium iodide
Tetraoctylammonium bromide
Tetraphenylboron Sodium
Thioacetic acid
Thiosulfate Sodium
Thiourea
trans-Cinmic acid
Triaryl Phosphate Ester
Tribenzylamine
Tributyltin bromide
Tributyltin hydride
Tricalcium Orthophosphate
Triethanolamine hydrochloride
Triethyl phosphonoacetate
Triethylene Glycol
Trimethylamine hydrochloride
Trimethylolpropane Trinonoate
Tripelargonin
Triphenyl phosphate
Triphenyl Phosphine
Triphenylantimony
Tritylalcohol
Vestamid E40
Watermelon Ketone
Zinc acetate dihydrate
Zinc salicylate
(+/-)-2-Butanol
(2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-Butanediol
(2S,3S)-(+)-2,3-Butanediol
(R)-(-)-2-Butanol
(R)-(-)-2-Octanol
(R)-(-)-Ethyl mandelate (S)-(-)-2-M ethyl- 1 -butanol
(S)-(+)-l,2-Propanediol
(S)-(+)-l,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-2-Butanol
(S)-(+)-2-Octanol
(S)-(+)-Ethyl mandelate
1 , 1 ,1 ,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol 1 , 1 ,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trimethoxyethane
1 , 10-Dibromodecane
1 ,2,3 ,4-Tetrahydrophthalene
1 ,2-Dibromoethane
1 ,2-Dibromopropane
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1.2- Dichloroethane
1.3- Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol diacetate
1 ,3-Dibromopropane
1.3- Propanediol
1.4- Butanediol
1 ,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether
1 ,4-Dibromobutane
1 ,4-Dioxane
1.4- Pentanediol
1.5- Cyclooctadiene
1.5- Pentanediol
1.6- Dibromohexane
1 -Bromo-3 -chloropropane
1-Bromobutane
1 -Bromododecane
1 -Bromoheptane
1-Bromohexane
1 -Bromophthalene
1-Bromonone
1-Bromooctane
1 -Butanol
1-Chlorohexane
1 -Chlorophthalene
1-Decanol
1-Decene
1-Dodecene
1 -Fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
1-Heptanol
1-Hexadecene
1-Hexanol
1-Iodohexane
1-Nonol
-Octadecene 1-Octanol
1-Pentanol = Amyl alcohol
1 -Phenyl- 1 -propanol
1 -Propanol
1- Tetradecene
2- (2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol
2-(Ethylamino)ethanol
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
2,2 '-Thiodiethanol
2,3-Butanediol
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol
2,6-Lutidine
2-Amino-2-methyl- 1 -propanol
2-Benzyloxyethanol
2-Bromohexanoic acid
2-Bromopentane
2-Butanol
2-Butanone
2-Butene-l,4-diol (cis and trans)
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde
2-Chloroethanol
2-Ethoxyethyl acetate
2-Ethyl- 1 -hexanol
2-Ethylhexylamine
2-Ethylpiperidine
2-Hexanol
2-Mercaptoethanol
2-Methyl-l-butanol
2-Methyl- 1 -propanol
2-Methyl-2-butanol
2-Methyl-2-hexanol
2-Methyl -2 -pentanol
2-Methylcyclohexanone
2-Nitropropane
2-Octanol
2- Picoline
3- Acetylpyridine
3 -Amino- 1 -propanol
3- Chloro- 1 ,2-propanediol
3 -Hydroxypropionitrile
4- Chlorotoluene
4-Isopropyltoluene, p-Cymene
Acetic Acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone Acetylacetone
Acrylonitrile
Amyl Acetate
Amylamine
Anethole
Aniline
b-Bromostyrene
Benzaldehyde
Benzene
Benzonitrile
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl benzoate
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl cyanide
Benzylamine
Butyl acetate
Butyl ether
Butyl formate
Butyl laurate
Butyl methacrylate Butyl vinyl ether
Butyraldehyde
Carbon disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform cis-2-Butene- 1 ,4-diol
Crotonic acid
Cumene
Cyclododecene
Cycloheptanol
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclohexyl acetate
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylmercaptan
Cyclooctanone
Cyclooctene
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentanol
Cyclopentanone
D-(-)-Lactic acid
Decane
Diacetone Alcohol Diallyl Phthalate Dibutyl ketone Dibutyl sulfide
Dibutylamine
Dichloromethane
Dicyclohexylamine
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethanolamine
Diethyl acetylmalote
Diethyl carbote
Diethyl ether
Diethyl ethylmalote
Diethyl malote
Diethyl methylmalote
Diethyl oxalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl pimelate
Diethyl propylmalote
Diethyl suberate
Diethyl succite
Diethylamine
Diethylene glycol
Diethylene Glycol Dibutyl Ether Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Dihydropyran
Diiisopropyl phosphite
Diisobutyl carbote
Diisobutylketone
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropylamine
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl succite
Dimethylaminoethanol
Dimethylsulfoxide
Dioctyl phthalate
Diundecyl phthalate
DL-Lactic acid
Dodecane
Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride
Dodecyl acetate
e-Caprolactam
Epichlorhydrin
Ethanol
Ethoxyacetic acid
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetoacetate
Ethyl Acrylate
Ethyl benzoate
Ethyl bromoacetate
Ethyl butyrate Ethyl caproate
Ethyl chloroacetate
Ethyl cinmate
Ethyl crotote
Ethyl D-lactate
Ethyl DL-mandelate
Ethyl dodecanoate
Ethyl formate
Ethyl Lactate
Ethyl salicylate
Ethyl-2-methylacetoacetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene carbote
Ethylene Diglycol Monoethyl Ether
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Formamide
Formic acid
Furfuryl alcohol
g-Butyrolactone
g-Caprolactone
Heptadecane
Heptane
Hexachloro-1 ,3-butadiene
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hexane
Hexanoic acid
Hexanol
Indene
Isoamyl acetate
Isoamyl alcohol
Isoamyl ether
Isoamyl formate
Isobutyronitrile
Isopropenyl acetate
Isopropylamine
Isovaleric acid
L-(+)-Lactic acid, ethyl ester m-Cresol
Mesityl oxide
Methyl alcohol
Methyl benzoate
Methyl chloroacetate
Methyl chloroformate Methyl Crotote
Methyl dichloroacetate
Methyl formate
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl Oleate
Methyl Palmitate
Methyl p-toluenesulfote
Methyl Salicylate
Methylcyclohexanol
Methylcyclohexanols
Morpholine
m-Toluidine
Ν,Ν,Ν " ,N " -Tetramethylethylenediamme
Ν,Ν-Diethylethanolamine
Ν,Ν-Dimethylacetamide
Ν,Ν-Dimethylformamide
Nitrobenzene
Nitrocyclohexane
Nitroethane
Nitromethane
N-Methylacetamide
N-Methylcyclohexylamine
N-Methylformamide
Nonylamine
Nonylphenol
o-Anisidine
o-Bromaniline
o-Cresol
Octanoic acid = Caprylic acid
Oleic acid
o-Nitrotoluene
o-Toluidine
o-Xylene
p-Cresol
Pentane
Petroleum ether
Petroleum phtha
Phenyl Ether
Phenyl Isocyate
Piperidine
Propargyl alcohol
Propioldehyde
Propyl acetate
Propylene carbote
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Oxide
p-Toluidine
Pyridine R-(-)-l,3-Butanediol
Styrene
t-Butyl Acetate
t-Butyl alcohol
t-Butylamine
t-Butylbenzene
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrahydrofuran
Toluene
Triacetin
Tributyl phosphate
Tributylamine
Tributyrin
Trichloroethylene
Tridecane
Triethanolamine
Triethyl citrate
Triethylamine
Trioctylamine
Water
Xylenes Mixed
Castor oil hydrogeted
Clove oil
Coconut oil
Cottonseed Oil
Maize Oil
Mineral Oil
Mineral Oil, light and heavy
Olive Oil
Paraffin Oil
Peanut Oil
Safflower Oil
Sunflower oil
(Methylphenyl)diphenylsilanol
1,10-Decanediol = Decamethylene glycol 1 ,2-Cycloheptanediol
1.2- Phenylenediamine
1 ,4-butanediol dimethacrylate
1 ,4-Cyclohexadiene
1 ,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol
1,7-Heptanediol = Heptamethylene glycol
1,9-Nonediol
1 -Butyldiphenylsilanol
1- phthylamine
2- Butyldiphenylsilanol
2-Butyne-l,4-Diol
2-Vinylphthalene
3.3- Dimethylacrylic acid Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Adipic acid
Ally! alcohol
Aluminum Ethoxide
Benzoyl Chloride
Bisphenol A
Calcium formate
Cetyl alcohol
Chloromaleic anhydride
cis- 1 ,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol cis-l,5-Cyclooctanediol
Cyclohexyldiphenylsilanol
D-Glucose
Dicapryl Adipate
Dicyandiamide = Cyanoguanidine
Diethylenediamine
Diphenylamine
Diurethane Dimethacrylate
Dodecanedioic acid
Dodecylamine
Ethyl Carbamate
Ethylenediamine
Formaldehyde 35%
Fumaric acid
Glucose
Glutaric acid
Glycerin
g-Valerolactone
Iso cyanic acid
Isophthalic acid
Maleic anhydride
Malonic Acid
Melamine = sym-Triaminotriazine
Methyl methacrylate
Methylamine Hydrochloride mono-Methyl terephthalate
Neopentyl glycol
Octadecylamine
Octylamine
Oleoyl chloride
Oleyl alcohol, Cis-9-octadecen-l-ol o-Phthalic acid
Phthalic acid, salt
Phthalimide
Sebacic Acid
Sodium benzoate
Sodium butyrate Sodium formate
Styrene oxide
Suberic acid
Succinic acid
Succinic anhydride
t-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride
Terephthalaldehyde
Terephthalic acid
Terephthalonitrile
Tetrahydro furfurylalcoho 1
Titanium(IV) butoxide
trans- 1 ,2-Cyclohexanediol
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
Triethylenetetramine
Trimethylsilyl cyanide
Triphenylsilane
Triphenylsilanol
Urea
Urotropine
Glue - Epoxy
Glue - Office White
Glue - Acrylate based with filler
Glue - Polychloroprene based
Glue - PVA based for wood
Glue - PVAC based for paper
Glue - PVAC based for wall tile
Cotton Lot#l
Cotton Lot#2
Cotton+Acrylic
Cotton+Elastane (92:8)
Cotton+Flax (60:40)
Cotton+Lycra (95:5)
Cotton+Polter (1 : 1)
Cotton+Polter (60:40)
Cotton+Polter (65:35)
Cotton+ Viscose (82: 18)
Fabric Acrylic+Cotton (1 : 1)
Fabric Acrylic+Cotton+Polter (44:42: 14) Fabric Angora+Wool+Nylon (20:60:20)
Fabric Cellophane based
Fabric Cellulose Acetate based
Fabric Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Fabric Polyamide
Fabric Polyamide+Elastane (83: 17)
Fabric Polter
Fabric Polter+Cotton (65:35)
Fabric Polter+Lycra (9: 1)
Fabric Polter+ Viscose (80:20) Fabric Polyamide
Fabric Viscon+Polter+Lycra (5:4: 1)
Moira, Polypropylene fabric
Silk I
Silk II
Silky Fabric, Polter
Wool
Wool+Cotton+Acrylic+Nylon (32:23 :25 :20)
Adhesive strip pkin, teflon with adhesive
Adhesive tape yellow, acrylate based
Synthetic Fur, polyethylene terephthalate based copolymer,
filled
Synthetic Leather Lot#l, softened with phthalates
Synthetic Leather Lot#2, softened with phthalates
Synthetic Leather Lot#3, Alkyd based
Synthetic Leather Lot#4, with nitrocellulose based lacquere
Synthetic Leather Lot#5, with acrylate based lacquere
Synthetic Leather Lot#6, Polyamide based
Synthetic Leather Lot#7, Alkyd based
Highly filled and softened copolymer used for beach shoe from
Chi Lot#l
EVA based copolymer, filled, used for beach shoe from Chi
Highly filled and softened copolymer used for beach shoe from
Chi Lot#2
Cellulose based material used for circuit board surface
Cellulose based material used for furniture veneer surface
Cellulose based material used as insulation material in cars
CaC03 coated isoprene based polymer used as latex glove
Polyvidone based copolymer used as lip salve
Animal protein based material used as human medicil capsule
Nitrocellulose/cotton fibers based mixture used as il lacquere
Copolymer mixture used as ultrasoft packing material
Gutapercha used as plasticine for childern
Polyurethane rubber used as roller skate wheel
Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer used for roller skate break
Rubber seal black
Rubber white CaCQ3 filled
Silicate based material used as dark shell button
Polyethylene wax based mixture used as shoe polish
Silichrom, metal cleaning agent containing 25% ammonium hydroxide
UHMWPE used as ski running surface
Polyamide based mixture used for ski manufacturing
Filled polymer used as 12 V wire insulation
Filled polymer used as 220 V wire insulation
Highly softened foam, Sympatex Dark
Highly softened foam, Sympatex White
Polter used as wadding cleaning pad
Water pipe seal black, wax coated White Lacquere from CD surface, high pigment contents
White painting for walls, high contents of inorganic pigment
Asphalt based mixture used and seal for windows
Yellow painting for walls, high contents of inorganic pigment
L-(+)-Lysine monohydrochloride
L- Alanine
L-Arginine
L-Arginine HC1
L-Asparagine
L-Asparagine *H2Q
L-Aspartic Acid
L-Cysteine
L-Cysteine HC1
L-Cystine
L-Histidine
L-Histidine Hydrochloride Monohydrate
L-Hydroxyproline
L-Isoleucine
L-Leucine
L-Lysine acetate
L-Methionine
L-Ornithine
L-Ornithine hydrochloride
L-Proline
L-Serine
L-Threonine
L-Tryptophan
L- Valine
DL-Lactic acid, Sodium salt
PL-Malic acid
D-Mannitol
D-Mannoheptulose
D-Mannose
D-Sorbitol
D-Tagatose
D-Talose
D-Tartaric Acid
[1,1 '-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) [ 1 ,3-
Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]nickel(II) chloride
1,1,1 -Trifluoro-2-phenyl-3-butyn-2-ol
1,1,1 -tris(hydroxymethyl)propane
1 , 1 ,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane
1 , 1 -bis(4-hydroxy-3 -methylphenyl)cyclohexane
1 , 1 -bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane 1 ,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-Piperidinol
1 ,2-Diaminopropane
1 ,3 -dibromo-5 ,5 -dimethylhydantoin
l,4-Bis(4-benzoyl-6-tert-octyl-3-hydroxy)phenoxybutane
1 ,4-Bis[4-benzoyl-3 -hydroxy-6-( 1 - phenylethyl)]phenoxybutane
1 ,4-Cyclohexanediol
1 ,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octan
1 ,4-Dibromo-2,3-butanedione
l,4-Dibromo-2,5-bis(octyloxy)benzene
1 ,5,8, 12-tetrakis[4,6-bis(n-butyl-n-l ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4- piperidylamino)-l ,3,5-triazin-2- yl]-l ,5,8, 12-tetraazadodecane
1 ,6-Diaminohexane
1 ,6-Diisocyanatohexane
1,6-Hexanediol diglycidyl ether
1 ,8-diamino-p-menthane
1 -Bromo-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene
1 -Bromo-2,4-dimethylbenzene
1 -Bromo-2,6-difluorobenzene
1 -Bromooctadecane
1 -Butoxy-2-Propanol
1-Decyne
1 -Ethynyl-2,4,5-trimethylbenzene
1 -Ethynyl-2,4-difluorobenzene
1 -Ethynyl-2-fluorobenzene
1 -Ethynyl-2-nitrobenzene
1 -Ethynyl-3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene
1 -Ethynyl-3 ,5 -dimethoxybenzene
1 -Ethynyl-3 -fluorobenzene
1 -Ethynyl-4-pentylbenzene 1 -Ethynyl-4-phenoxybenzene
1 -Ethynylnaphthalene
1 -Chloro-2-ethynylbenzene
l-Iodo-2-(trimethylsilyl)acetylene
1 -Iodo-2,4-dimethylbenzene
1-Iodopentane
1 -Lauryl-2-pyrrolidone
1 -Methoxy-2-propanol
1 -Methylimidazole
l-Octyl-4-(2,5-dibromothien-3-yl)-l,2,3-triazole
l-Octyl-4-(thien-3-yl)-l,2,3-triazole
1- Pentadecyne
1 -phenoxy-2-propanol
1 -Phenyl- 1 -hexyne
1 -Phenyl-2-propyn- 1 -ol
2- ((Trimethylsilyl)-ethynyl)thiophene
2-(2,5-dibromophenyl)-5-phenyl-l,3,4-Oxadiazole
2-(2,5-Dibromophenyl)-5-pyrid-2-yl-l,3,4-Oxadiazole 2-(2,5-Dibromothien-3-yl)-5-n-heptyl-
1,2,4-oxadiazole
2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
2-(2-Hydroxy-5-Ethyl-phenyl) benzotriazole
2-(2-Hydroxy-5 -methyl phenyl) Benzotriazole 97%
2-(2-hydroxy-5 -Methyl-phenyl)-5 - chlorobenzotriazol
2-(2-hydroxy-5-n-butyl-phenyl) benzotriazol 2-(2-hydroxy-5-n-dodecylphenyl)-benzotriazol 2-(2-hydroxy-5-n-octyl-phenyl) benzotriazol
2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazol
2-(3-(2h-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl
methacrylate
2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate
2, 1 ,3-Benzothiadiazole
2,2'-(l ,4-phenylene)bis-l ,3,2-dioxaborinane
2,2'-(Phenylimino)diethanol
2,2,2-Trichloroacetamide
2,2,4,4 -Tetrahydroxy-Benzophone 97%
2,2,,4,-Trichloroacetophenone 2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidin
2,2,6, 6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidinol
2,2,6, 6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride
2,2'-[(Dioctylstannylene)bis(thio)]diacetic acid dibutyl ester
2,2'-[2,5-bis(octyloxy)-l,4-phenylene]bis[4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-
1 ,3,2-Dioxaborolane
2,2',3,3 '-Tetramethoxybenzoin
2.2 '-Dimethoxybenzoin
2,2'-Methylenbis-(4-ethyl-6-tert.butylphenol)
2,2-bis(4-hydroxy -3,5-di-methyl-phenyl) propane
2,2-bis(4-hydroxy -3-methylphenyl)butane 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane
2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid
2,2'-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol)
2.3 -Dimethoxyb enzoin
2.4.5- Trichloroaniline
2.4.6- Tribromoaniline
2,4,6-Trichlorphenylhydrazine
2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol
2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-Decyne-4,7-Diol
2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone
2,4'-Dichloroacetophenone
2,4-Dichloroaniline
2,4-Dichlorobenzaldehyde
2,4-Dichloroiodobenzene
2,4-dichlorophenylsalicylate
2,4-Di-T,-butylphenol based additive
2.4- Thiazolidinedione
2.5- Bis(tributylstannyl)thiophene 2,5-Dibromo-3-carboxythiophene
2,5-Dibromo-3-hexylthiophene
2,5-Dibromoterephthalic acid
2 , 5 -Dibromothiophene
2,,5'-Dichloroacetophenone
2.5- dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride
2 , 5 -Dimethoxyb enzaldehyde
2 , 5 -Di-tert-butylhydroquinone
2.6- Dichloroiodobenzene
2,6-Dichlorophenol 2.6- Dimethylaniline
2,7,9-Tribromo-9H-fluorene
2.7- Dibromo-9,9-bis[4-(octyloxy)phenyl]-9H-Fluorene
2,7-Dibromo-9H-fluoren-9-one
2,7-Dibromofluorene
2- [2-hydroxy-5 -( 1 -phenylethyl)-phenyl]benzotriazol
2-acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid
2-Amino-4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
2-Aminobenzenethiol
2-Aminothiazole
2-Benzothiazolamine
2-Benzyl-4-chlorphenol
2-Bromo-3 -hexylthiophene
2-Bromo-3-thiophene carboxylic acid
2-Bromopropionyl bromide
2-Butanone oxime
2-Butoxyethyl acetate
2-Butyl-2-ethyl- 1 ,3 -propanediol
2-Dodecen-l-yl succinic anhydride
2-Ethoxy-N-methyl- 1 ,3 ,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-amine
2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazol
2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether
2-Ethynyl-6-methoxynaphthalene
2-Ethynylanisole
2-Ethynylpyridine
2-Ethynyltoluene
2-Furoylchloride
2-Heptanone
2-Hexyne
2-Hydroxy-4-butoxybenzophenone
2-Hydroxy-4-ethoxybutylformiate-benzophenon dimer
2-Hydroxy-4-ethoxyethylformiate-benzophenon dimer 2-Hydroxy-4-ethoxyethylformiate- benzophenone dimer 2-Hydroxy-4-ethoxymethylformiate-benzophenone dimer
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
2-hydroxy-4-octyloxy-5-tert.Butyl-benzophenone
2-Hydroxy-5 -methylaniline
2'-Hydroxyacetophenone
2-Hydroxyethyl acetate
2-Chlorothiophene
2-mercaptobenzimidazole
2-Mercaptothiazoline
2-Methoxybenzoin
2-Methyl-4,6-bis(hydroxy benzyl N,N- dimethyldithiocarbamate)phenol
2-Methylimidazole
2-Methyl-m-phenylene diisocyanate 2-Morpholinoethanol
2-Naphthyl salicylate
2-n-Heptyl-5-(thien-3-yl)-l,2,4-oxadiazole
2-Phenylbenzothiazole
2-Pyrrolidinone
2-Thiohydantoin
2-Thiophenemethanol
2- Thiouracil
2'-Trifluoromethylphenyl acetylene
3- (2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-Hydroxy Phenetyl Alcohol
3 -(6-Bromohexyl)thiophene
3-(Trimethylsilylethinyl)thiophene 3,3",4,4",5,5"-Hexamethoxybenzoin 3,4,9,10-
Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride
3 ,4-Dibromothiophene
3 ,4-Difluorophenylacetylene
3.4- Dichloroaniline
3.5- Dialkyl-2-hydroxybenzyl Ν,Ν-dimethyldithiocarbamate
3,5-Dichloroaniline
3 , 5 -Dimethylaniline
3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl Ν,Ν-dimethyldithiocarbamate
3 - [6-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)hexyl] -thiophene
3-Bromoaniline
3 -Bromopyridine
3 -Bromothiophene
3 -Dodecylthiophene
3-Ethynyl-a,a,a-trifluorotoluene
3 -Ethynyltoluene
3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylacetylene
3 -Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
3-Hexanol
3 -Hexylthiophene
3 -Chloro-4-methylaniline
3-Chlorophenol
3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
3 -Methoxy- 1 -butanol
3 -Methoxyb enzoin
3 -Methyl-3 -oxetanemethanol
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
3 -Octylthiophene
3-Thiopheneacetic acid
3 -Thiophenecarbonitrile
3- Thiophenecarboxylic acid
3 -Trimethylsilyl-2-propyn- 1 -ol
4- ( 1 , 1 ,3 ,3 -tetramethylbutyl)phenyl salicylate
4-(t-Octyl)phenol
4,4- thiobisphenol
4,4,-(2,7-dibromo-9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)bis-Phenol
4,4 '-dimethoxybenzoin 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone
4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
4,4,-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol) 4,5-Dimethoxy-l, 3,2-benzodioxaphosphole
4,7-Diazafluoren-9-one
4,7-Dibromo-2, 1 ,3-benzothiadiazole 4-Aminodiphenylamine-2-sulfonic acid
4-Bromobenzyl alcohol
4-Bromobenzyl chloride
4-Bromocyclohexanol
4-Dodecyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone
4-Ethynyl- 1 -fluoro-2-methylbenzene
4-Ethynylbiphenyl
4-Ethynyltoluene
4-Fluorophenylacetylene
4-Hydroxyacetophenon
4-Hydroxydeoxybenzoin
4-Chloro-2-methylaniline
4-Chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride
4-chlorophenylsalicylate
4-Iodoaniline
4-Methoxybenzoin
4-Nitro-l,8-naphtalic anhydride
4-Phenoxyaniline
4-tert-Butylphenylacetylene
4- tert-Octyl phenylsalicylate
4'-Trifluoromethylphenyl acetylene
5 -(2-Pyridyl)tetrazole
5- (3-Thienyl)-2H-l,2,3,4-Tetrazole
5,10,15 ,20-tetrakis(4-(trimethylammonio)-phenyl)-21 h,23h- porphine tetratosylate
5,10,15 ,20-tetrakis-(n-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21 ,23h-porphyrin
tetratosylate ethylenediamine
5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21h,23h-porphine- tetrasulfonic acid,
4na h2o
5,10,15 ,20-tetraphenyl-21 h,23h-porphyrin zinc
5 ,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquiinoline
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl b-D-galactopyranoside
5 -Bromosalicyl aldehyde
5 -Ethynyl- 1 -methyl- 1 H-imidazole
5-Hexyn-l-ol
5-Hexynoic acid
5 -Chloro-2-hydroxyaniline
5-Chlorosalicylic acid
5-t-butyl 2,4-Dihydroxy benzophenone
5- t-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-butoxybenzophenone
6- Aminouracil
6-Hexanolactone
6- Chloro- 1 -hexyne
7- Amino- 1 ,3-naphthalenedisulfonic acid 7-tert-Butoxy-2,5-norbornadiene 9, 1 Q-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene
9, 10-Dibromoanthracene
9, 10-Dihydro-9-oxa- 10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide
9,9-Dioctyl-2,7-dibromofluorene
9,9-Dioctylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis( 1,3 -propanediol) ester
9-Ethynylphenanthrene
9-Fluorenone
Abeson S, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid based
Abiester 100P, mixed ester of pentaerythritol and resin acids of colophony
Abietic acid
Abimal 125D, Glycerol ester + colophony + maleic
Accelerator 399
Accelerator 399 (dried)
Acetyl chloride
Acetyl tributyl citrate
Acetylenedicarboxylic acid
Acetylenedicarboxylic acid monopotassium salt
Acorox 88
Acramin BS-N
Acramin BS-N (dried)
Acresin PS 3500
Acronal 290D
Acronal 500 D
Acronal A 603 (dried)
Acronal PS 6219
Acronal PS 6219 (dried)
Acronal LR 8977 (dried)
Acronal LR 8988
Acronal LR 8998
Acronal LR-8820
Acronal S 533
Acronal S 533 (dried)
Acronal S 726
Acronal S 726 (dried)
Acropol 35 Acropol 35 (dried)
Acrylan
Acrysol RM 1020
Acrysol RM 1020 (dried)
Acrysol RM 12W
Acrysol RM 12W (dried)
Acrysol RM 2020
Acrysol RM 2020 (dried)
Acrysol RM 8
Acrysol RM 825
Acrysol RM 825 (dried)
Acticide MKC Acticide M C (dried)
Acticide SR 2278
Acticide SR 2278 (dried)
Addid 900
Additin PAN
Additol VXL 1105
Additol VXL 4907
Additol VXL 4907 (dried)
Additol VXL 4910
Additol VXL 4920
Additol VXL 4929
Additol VXL 4930
Additol VXL 4930 (dried)
Additol VXL 6237
Additol VXL 6237 (dried)
Additol VXW 4909
Additol VXW 4909 (dried)
Additol VXW 4926
Additol VXW 4932
Additol VXW 4940
Additol VXW 4940 (dried)
Additol VXW 4952
Additol VXW 4963
Additol VXW 4963 (dried)
Additol VXW 4973
Additol VXW 4973 (dried)
Additol VXW 6200
Additol VXW 6200 (dried)
Additol VXW 6203
Additol VXW 6206 Additol VXW 6208
Additol VXW 6208 (dried)
List of Spectra Page 45 from 135
Additol VXW 6209
Additol VXW 6209 (dried)
Additol VXW 6210
Additol VXW 6211
Additol VXW 6213
Additol VXW 6213 (dried)
Additol VXW 6240
Additol VXW 6240 (dried)
Additol VXW 6360
Additol VXW 6387
Additol VXW 6396
Additol VXW 6396 (dried)
Additol WL 490/50
Additol WL 490/50 (dried)
Additol XL 018
Additol XL 018 (dried)
Figure imgf000087_0001
Agitan 120 (dried)
Figure imgf000088_0001
Alberdingk AC 31 (dried) Alberdingk AC 5530 Alberdingk AC 5530 (dried)
Alberdingk ACU 2000
Alberdingk ACU 2000 (dried)
Alberdingk AS 2688 Alberdingk AS 2688 (dried)
Alberdingk CUR 69
Alberdingk CUR 69 (dried)
Alberdingk CUR 991 VP Alberdingk CUR 991 VP (dried)
Alberdingk MAC 34 (dried)
Alberdingk U 520
Alberdingk U 520 (dried)
Alberdingk U 800
Alberdingk U 800 (dried)
Alberdingk U 9800 VP
Alberdingk U 9800 VP (dried)
Alberdingk UC 90
Alberdingk UC 90 (dried)
Albidur EP 2240 A
Albidur EP 2240 A (dried)
Albiflex 348
Alcopol O-70 PG, Aqueous/PPG contains dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium
Alkydal F 26
Alkydal F 26 (dried)
Alkylated Phenyl Phosphites, dilauryl
Alkylated Phenyl Phosphites, n-octylated
Alkylated Phenyl Phosphites, t-octylated
Alnovol PN-320, Phenol Novolak
Alpex C -450, Cyclized rubber
Alpha,alpha'-Dibromo-p-xylene
alpha-Terpineol
Alresat KM -40, modified maleic resin
Altaran S-8
Altaran S-8 (dried)
Althosan MB
Althosan MB (dried)
Altofane BB 123
Altofane M2B
Altofane RA
Aluminium trihydrate
Amberlite 15
Amberlite 410
Amberlite CG-50
Amberlite IR 45
Amberlite IR-48
Amberlite IRA 400
Amberlite IRA 402
Amberlite IRC-50
Amberlite IRC-86 Amberlite IRC-86 (dried)
Amberlite XAD-4 (dried)
Amberlite XAD-4 (with Ethanol)
Amberlite(R) XAD-1180
Amibal 145
Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium ferric sulfate dodeeahydrate
Ammonium Phosphate
Ammonium sodium phosphate
AMP 95
Ampicillin Trihydrate a-Naphthyl salicylate Aneamide 220 X 70
Aneamide 2353
Aneamide 2353 (dried)
Aneamide 2445 Aneamide 2445 (dried)
Aneamide 2573
Aneamide 2573 (dried)
Ancamine 1618
Ancamine 2143
Ancamine 2280 Ancamine 2280 (dried)
Ancamine 2320
Ancamine 2379
Ancamine 2432 Ancamine 2432 (dried)
Anisole
Anti Terra - 204
Anti Terra - 204 (dried)
Anti Terra - U
Anti Terra - U (dried)
Antimussol WLN
Antimussol WLN
Antioxidant 301
Antioxidant SP Antioxidant TOD Antiozonant 70-TBPA
Antiozonant AFP
Anti-Terra 203
Anti-Terra 206
Aquacer 535
Aquacer 593
Aquacer 593 (dried)
Aquaslip 671
Aquaslip 671 (dried)
Aranox
Arazate
ASM 4010
ASM AFC
ASM ZKF
ASM-PDA
Astragal PAN
Astragal PAN (dried)
Atmer 151
Figure imgf000091_0001
Bis- [2-hydroxy-5 -methyl-3 -(benzotriazol-2-yl)-phenyl]-
Figure imgf000092_0001
Figure imgf000093_0001
Figure imgf000094_0001
Byketol OK
Byketol OK (dried)
Byketol WS
Byketol WS (dried)
Ca, Zn Carboxylate
Ca, Zn Complex
Cadmium Acetate
Calcium aluminium silicate
Calcium silicate
Calcium sulfate
Calix(8)Aren
Caraway oil
Carbazole
Carbendazim
Carbonate Barium
Carbonate Magnesium
Carboset CR 717
Carboset CR 717 (dried)
Cardolite LX 5206
Cardolite LX 5206 (dried)
Cardolite NC 513
Cardolite NC 541 LV
Cardolite NC 556X80
Cardolite NC 556X80 (dried) Cardolite NC 562
Cardolite NC 562 (dried)
Cardura E 10 P
Cardura E5 (glycidyl neopentanoate) Castor Oil
Catalase from bovine liver
Cedar Wood Oil
Cellulose Acetobutyrate, Celidor CoatOSil 2400
Cobalt (II) Oxalate
Cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate
Cobaltous acetate
Cod-Liver Oil
Coleseed Oil
Collacral PU 85
Collacral PU 85 (dried)
Colophony
Colophony, Amber
Colophony, Rosin
Color Naturals 4.3 Goldbrown (after oxidation) (dried) Color Naturals 4.3 Goldbrown (dried)
Colorol E
Contrapen PR/194
Contrapen PR/325
Contrapen PR/388
Copper inhibitor 50
Copper Sulfate
CP 310 W CP 310 W (dried)
CP 347 W
CP 349 W
CP 349 W (dried)
Cremophor
Crodasil SC 650W
Crodasil SC 650W (dried)
Crosslinker CX 100 (polyfunctional aziridine) (dried) Cyasorb UV - 2908
Cyasorb UV 9
Cyasorb UV-416 Light Absorber
Cycat 500
Cyclododecan
Cyclohexanon Formaldehyde resin
Cyclohexyl isocyanate
Cymel 301
Cymel 301 (dried)
Cymel 303 LF
Cymel 323
Cymel 327 (dried)
Dabco DC 193
Dabco T 12 CL (Dibutyltin Dilaurate)
Dapro DF 1161
Dapro DF 1181
Dapro DF 1492
Dapro DF 1760
Dapro DF 2162
Dapro DF 4164
Dapro DF 880
Dapro DF 881 S
Dapro DF 881 S (dried) Dapro DF 900
Dapro DF 911
Dapro DF 944
Dapro DF 975
Dapro NA 1621
Dapro NA 1621 (dried) Dapro S 65
Dapro S 65 (dried)
Dapro U 99
Dapro U 99 (dried) Dapro W 95 HS
D-Arginine
D-Arginine hydrochloride
D-Aspartic acid
Dastib 242
Dastib 244
Dastib 255
Dastib 256
Dastib 845
DDBSA Acid catalyst
DDBSA Acid catalyst (dried) Decylbromide
Dehydran 1208
Dehydran 1208 (dried)
Dehydran 1293
Dehydran 1293 (dried)
Dehydran 1620 1 :1BG
Dehydrogenated Castor Oil (dried)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
PER 321
PER 353
PER 660 B-80 (dried)
Pesmodur N 3200, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin
Pesmodur N 3200, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin (dried)
Pesmodur N 3600, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin
Pesmodur N 3600, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin (dried)
Pesmodur N-3390
Pesmodur VPLS 2098
Pesmodur VPLS 2098 (dried)
Pesmodur W (cycloaliphatic diisocyanate) (dried) Pesmodur XP 2410 (aliphatic polyisocyanate) Pesmodur XP 2410 (aliphatic polyisocyanate) (dried) Pesmophen 1150
Pesmophen 2009/1
Pesmophen 2249/1
Pesmophen 2249/1 (dried)
Pesmophen 670 (dried)
Pesmophen 680/1
Pesmophen 680/1 (dried)
Pesmophen 800
Pesmophen 870 (dried)
Pesmophen A 160 SN
Pesmophen A 160 SN (dried)
Pesmophen A 365
Pesmophen A 365 (dried)
Pesmophen A VP LS 2350
Pesmophen A VP LS 2350 (dried)
Pesmophen A VPLS 2158
Pesmophen A VPLS 2158 (dried)
Pesmophen A VPLS 2177
Pesmophen A VPLS 2177 (dried)
Pesmophen CI 200
Pesmophen RP 181 X
Pesmophen VP LS 2008/1
Pesmophen VP LS 2008/1 (dried)
Pesmophen VP LS 2973
Pesmophen VP LS 2973 (dried)
Piadavin ANE
Piadavin ANE (dried)
Piadavin PSP
Piadavin PSP (dried) Diadavin EPF 01
Diadavin EPF Ol (dried)
Diadavin UN
Diadavin UN (dried)
Dianate Na
Dianol 22
Dibasic Ester Mixture
Dibasic Lead Stearate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyldisulfide
Dibutylsulfon
Dibutyltin dilaurate
Dibutyltin Dilaurylmercaptide, 16,3-17,5 % Sn Dibutyltin oxide
Dibutyltin-bis-2-ethylhexylmaleate
Dicyclohexyl phthalate
Didodecyl sulfide
Diethanolamine hydrochloride
Diethyl adipate
Diethyl fumarate
Diethyldithiocarbamate sodium
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate
Diethylene Glycol Mono stearate
Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A
Diisobutyl phthalate
Dimethyl Terephthalate Dimethyl-2,5-dibromoterephthalate
Dimethyldodecyl Amine
Dimethylketene methyl trimethylsilyl acetal
Dimyristyl-thio-dipropionate
di-n-Octadecyl disulfide
Di-n-Octyltin bis(2-ethylhexyl) mercaptoacetate
Dinomin MI-11-1
Dinomin MI-11-1 (dried)
Dioctadecyl sulfide
Dioctyl adipate
Dioctyl sebacate
Dioctyl Sodium Sulphosuccinate
Dioctyl-2,5-dibromoterephthalate
Dipentyl phthalate
Diphenyl sulfone
Diphenylsilanediol
Dipropyl phthalate
Disodium oxalate
Disperbyk 107
Disperbyk 108
Disperbyk 110
Disperbyk 110 (dried)
Disperbyk 111
Disperbyk 111 (dried)
Figure imgf000099_0001
Disponil A 4065 EXP (modified ethoxylated fatty alcohols POE 40) (dried)
Figure imgf000100_0001
Dowanol PMA
Dowanol PnB
Dowex
Dowex (R) 50 WX8
Dowex 1x2
Dowex 2x8
Dowex 50WX4
Dowex(R) 50WX4 Hydrogen Form
Dowfax 2A1
D-Phenylalanine
DSTP-YNH 14
D-Tryptophan
D-Tyrosine
Duroftal VPl 2801/78 BAC
Duroftal VPl 2801/78 BAC (dried) Duroftal VPl 2803/78 BAC Duroftal VPl 2803/78 BAC
(dried) Duroxyn VAX 6127W
Duroxyn VAX 6127W (dried)
D-Valine
Dyhard PC 45
Dysylan BSM 100 W Dysylan HS 2926
Dysylan HS 2926 (dried)
Eastman EEP Solvent
Eastotack H 100 R
Edaplan 472
Edaplan 472 (dried)
Edaplan 480
Edaplan 480 (dried)
Edaplan 482
Edaplan LA 402 Edaplan LA 402 (dried)
Edaplan LA 410
Edaplan LA 411
Edaplan LA 412
Edaplan LA 431 Edaplan LA 431 (dried) Edaplan VP 470 (dried)
Edaplan VP LA 420
Edolan XCIC
Edolan XCIC (dried) Efka 1500
Efka 2018 (dried)
Efka 2021
Efka 2021 (dried)
EFKA 2022
Efka 2023
Efka 2023 (dried)
Efka 2025
Efka 2025 (dried)
Efka 2028
Efka 2028 (dried)
Efka 2038
Efka 2040 Efka 2040 (dried)
Efka 2526
Efka 2526 (dried)
Efka 2532
Efka 2532 (dried)
Efka 2550
EFKA 27
EFKA 2720 Efka 2722 Efka 2722 (dried) Efka 3030 Efka 3031 Efka 3031 Efka 3031 (dried) Efka 3032 Efka 3033 Efka 3033 (dried) Efka 3034 Efka 3034 (dried) EFKA 3232 Efka 3236 Efka 3239 Efka 3288
EFKA 34
Efka 3500
Efka 3500 (dried)
Efka 3570
Efka 3570 (dried)
Efka 3580
Efka 3580 (dried)
Efka 3600
Efka 3772
Efka 3772 (dried)
Efka 3778
Efka 3778 (dried)
EFKA 3883
EFKA 4009
EFKA 4010
Efka 4046
Efka 4046 (dried)
Efka 4047
Efka 4047 (dried)
EFKA 4050
Efka 4060
Efka 4060 (dried)
Efka 4400
Efka 4400 (dried)
Efka 4401 Efka 4401 (dried)
Efka 4402
Efka 4402 (dried)
Efka 4403
Efka 4500
Efka 4500 (dried)
EFKA 4520
Efka 4530
Efka 4530 (dried)
Efka 4550
Efka 4550 (dried)
Efka 4560
Efka 4560 (dried)
Efka 4580
Efka 4580 (dried)
Efka 5044
Efka 5044 (dried)
Efka 5054
Efka 5054 (dried)
Efka 5065
Efka 5066
Efka 5066 (dried)
Efka 5071
Efka 5071 (dried)
Efka 5207
Efka 5244
Efka 6220
Efka 6230
EFKA 66
Efka 6700
Efka 6700 (dried)
Efka 6780
Efka 6780 (dried)
Efka 7022
Efka 7022 (dried)
Efka 8400
Efka 8400 (dried)
Efka 8503
Efka 8510
Efka 8510 (dried)
Efka 8530
Efka 8832
Efka 8832 (dried)
Efka 9009
Efka 9009 (dried)
Elaspan
Empicol 0216, Oleoyl etherphosphoric acid Empilan AMT 2, Alkylamine Ethoxylate
Feldspar
Figure imgf000105_0001
Heucosin G 6530 N Hexabromocyclododecane
Histamine
Hostaflex CN-131, Polyvinyl Acetate/Polyvinyl Chloride
Hostavin (tm) N20
Hycar 1300 x 42
Hydantoin
Hydrazine hydrate
Hydrazinium hydroxide
Hydropalat 680
Hydropalat 7003
Hydropalat 759
Hydropalat 875
Hydroquinone monomethylether
Hydroxide lithium
Hydroxyfunctiol Alkyd from talow oil Hydroxyfunctiol Alkyd from talow oil (dried)
Hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate
Chamotte
Chirlac Braided (surgery)
Chitosan
Chlorobenzene Chlorohydroquinone Cholesteryl chloroformate Chondroitin Sulfate Chs Alkyd L56 (dried)
CHS Epoxy 200V 55
CHS Epoxy 210X75
CHS Epoxy 530
ChS Epoxy Resin 590
ChS Epoxy RR 700 (dried) Igepal CO 210
Igepal CO 520
Igranox 1222
Incorez W 2200
Incorez W 2200 (dried)
Incorez W 2600
Incorez W 2600 (dried)
Incorez W 830/140
Incorez W 830/140 (dried)
Incorez W 830/256
Incorez W 830/256 (dried) Indole-3 -acetic acid sodium
Io dop entafluorob enzene
Ion exchanger III
Ionox 100
Ionox 220
Irganox 1035
Irganox 1425
Irganox 1520
Irganox 245
Irganox 565
Irganox 858
Irganox MP 1024
Irgastab 2002 Isobornyl methacrylate
Isobutyl Stearate
Isodecylalcohol ethoxylate
Isononoic acid
Isopar G
Isopentyl dodecanoate Isophorone diisocyate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropylxanthogete Nickel
Jeffamine M-1000
Jeffamine M-2070
Jeffamine M-600
Jeffamine T 403
Joncryl 1915
Joncryl 1915 (dried)
Joncryl 8224
Joncryl 8224 (dried)
Joncryl 8226
Joncryl 8226 (dried)
Joncryl 8284
Joncryl 8284 (dried)
Joncryl 8330
Joncryl 8330 (dried)
Joncryl HPD 71 E
Joncryl HPD 71 E (dried)
Flex 188
K Flex M B 301
Flex M B 301 (dried)
K Kat XC 5218
at XC 5218 (dried)
Kaolin
Kaolin, Aluminium silicate Keton Resin N
Keylar
Kevlar 29
K-Kat 4205 (pentane 2,4-dione)
Kodaflex TXIB
Kortamol NNO
Lactimon - WS
Lactimon - WS (dried)
Lanco Disperse 10 UN
Laromin A 327
Laropal A-101, Aldehyde based Resin
Laropal A-81, Ketone based Resin
Latekoll D
Latekoll D (dried)
Laurex CS, Cetyl Stearyl Alcohol
Lavender Oil
Lead Acetate
Lead Stearate Lead Sulfate Tribasic Modified
Leptacit
Leukonol LBA-2
Levaflex EP-390, polypropylene based
Levalin V U-F
Levalin V U-F
Levegal DLP
Levegal DLP
Levodopa; 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine
Levogen BF 01
Levogen BF 01 (dried)
Lewatit CNP-105 (dried)
Lewatit M610
Lewatit Monoplus M 500
Lewatit TP-207
Lewatit TP-260
Light Blue 2R
Light Yellow 3R
Linear Alpha Olefin C 12
Linear Alpha Olefin C 14
Linear Alpha Olefin C 18 isomerized Linear Alpha Olefin C 24-28
Linoleic Acid
Linseed Oil
Liocryl AS 680
Liocryl AS 680 (dried)
Liopur 2004-119
Liopur 2004-119 (dried)
L-Lysine Monohydrochloride
Long Soya Bean Alkyd
Long Soya Bean Alkyd (dried)
Long Urethanized Alkyd
Long Urethanized Alkyd (dried)
Lopon 890 (dried)
Lopon PO
Lopon PO (dried)
L-Phenylalanine
L-Tyrosine
Lubrizol 2061
Lubrizol 2061 (dried)
Figure imgf000108_0001
Lubrizol 2062 (dried)
Lubrizol 2063
Lubrizol 2063 (dried)
Luhydran 8975
Luhydran A 848S
Luhydran A 848S (dried)
Lupasol P Lupasol P (dried)
Luperox DP 10
Lusolvan FBH (Di-isobutyl ester of a mixture of dicarboxylicacids) (dried)
Lutensit AF
Lutensol A8, CI 2- 14 fatty alcohol 8EO
Lutensol AP-9
Lutensol FA 12
Lutensol FSA 10
Lutol I 60
Luviskol 17
Luviskol K 30
Luviskol K 60
Luviskol K 80
Luviskol K 90
Luviskol VA 64
Luvitec VPC 55 K 65 W
Luvitec VPC 55 K 65 W (dried)
Luwax AF 32
Luwax EAS 5
Lycra
Macryl SM 51ON 60 LG
Macryl SM 5 ION 60 LG (dried) Magnesium bromide diethyl etherate
Magnesium carbote
Magnesium Perchlorate
Maincote AU - 28
Maincote HG-86ER
Maincote HG-86ER (dried)
Maincote PR 71 (dried)
Maleic Hydrazide
Manganese Perchlorate
Manila Copal
Maranil A
Marine fish oil
Mark 1306 A
Mark 133
Mark 158
Mark 281 B
Mark 328
Mark 518
Mark 522
Mark 548
Mark 550
Mark 553
Mark 67 D
Mark 67 D (dried)
Mark 701
Mark 954
Mark 99 Mark I 68
Mark OTM/68
Mark WS-X
Marlophen 87 P
Meister 0-3 A
Meister OZ 2
Meister Z 25 N
Meister Z 41
Melform 200 I
Mellite 218 Ba/Cd
Mellite 220
Mergal ION
Mergal ION (dried)
Mesitol AS
Mesitol AS
Mesitol BFN
Mesitol BFN
Meso-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine
Meso-tetra-(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine tetraiodide Meso-tetraphenylporphine
Methacrylic Acid
Methacrylic acid
Methyl esters of fatty acid
Methylcyclohexanol
Methyl-Ethyl eton Peroxide
Metilox
Metolat FC 355
Metolat FC 388
Metolat FC 514
Metolat FC 514 (dried)
Metolat FC 515
Metolat FC 515 (dried)
Metolat FC 530
Metolat LA 524
Metolat LA 524 (dried)
Metolat LA 571
Metolat LA 571 (dried)
Metolat P 853
Metolat P 860
Metolat P 861
Metolat P 871
Metolat TH 75
Microcrystalline wax
Mirecide W/1000
Mirecide W/1000 (dried)
Mirecide TF/100
Mirecide TF/100 (dried)
Mixture of alkylated phenols
Mixture of cumylated phenols Mixture of hindered alkylated phenols ModocoU EK-20, Cellulose modified
Moly White - 101
Moly white - 212
Moly White - MZAP
Moly white - ZPN
Monoethanolamine
Morez 300, Styrene/ Acrylic Resin Morpholine
Mowilith 611
Mowilith 611 (dried)
Mowilith 7410 (dried)
Mowilith 7416
Mowilith 7416 (dried)
Mowilith 7460
Mowilith 7460 (dried)
Mowilith 760
Mowilith 760 (dried)
Mowilith 7714 (dried)
Mowilith 7717
Mowilith 7729
Mowilith 7729 (dried)
Mowilith DM 2452
Mowilith® 20, PVAc
Mowilith® DM 778
Mowilith® SDM 5 (dried)
Mowilith® SDM 5, PVAc
Mowiol® 4/98, PVA
Mowiol® 4-88, PVA
MS2A-Resin
m-Xylylenediamine
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)anilin
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylendiamin N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine
N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-N-(p-nitrophenyl) amine
N-(p-methylphenyl)- 1 ,4-phenylenediamine N-(p-Methylphenyl)-N-(p-nitrophenyl) amine
N,N,4-trimethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-amine
N,N,5-trimethyl-l,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-amine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2- pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N-Diethyl- 1,1,1 -trimethylsilylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-4-propyl- 1 ,3 ,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-amine
cure 5076
cure 5076 (dried)
N-Aminoethylpiperazine
nobyk 3600
nobyk 3600 (dried)
phthalene
ugard 431
ugard 445
ugard A
ugawhite N-butyl-2 ,2 ,6 , 6-tetramethyl-4-pip eridimine NeoCryl A- 1049
NeoCryl A- 1049 (dried)
NeoCryl A- 1091
NeoCryl A- 1091 (dried)
NeoCryl A- 1120
NeoCryl A- 1120 (dried)
NeoCryl BT-24
NeoCryl BT-26 (dried)
NeoCryl SC-160
NeoCryl SC-160 (dried)
NeoCryl XK- 12
NeoCryl XK- 15
NeoCryl XK-205
NeoCryl XK-205 (dried)
NeoCryl XK-37
NeoCryl XK-52
NeoCryl XK-52 (dried)
NeoCryl XK-62
NeoCryl XK-62 (dried)
NeoCryl XK-75
NeoCryl XK-75 (dried)
NeoCryl XK-78
NeoCryl XK-87
NeoCryl XK-87 (dried)
NeoCryl XK-90
NeoCryl XK-95 (dried)
NeoCryl XK-98
Neofix R-800
NeoPac E-106
NeoPac E-106 (dried)
NeoPac E-l l l
NeoPac E-l 11 (dried)
NeoPac E-114
NeoPac E-l 14 (dried)
NeoPac E-121
NeoPac E-121 (dried)
NeoPac E-l 25
NeoPac E-l 25 (dried)
NeoPac E-l 30
NeoPac E-130 (dried)
NeoPac E-l 80
NeoRez R 2020
NeoRez R 2020 (dried)
NeoRez R-2100
NeoRez R-2100 (dried)
NeoRez R-9403
NeoRez R-9407 NeoRez R-9407 (dried)
Nepheline syenite
Nicca Sunsolt LM-7
Nicca Sunsolt RF-557
Nicca Sunsolt RF-557 (dried)
Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Hexahydrate
Nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
Nickel Dibutyl dithiocarbamate
Nickel Diethyldithiocarbamate
Nickel Strearate
N-Isopropyl-N'-(p-isopropylphenyl)-l,4-phenylenediamine Nitrate Cadmium tetrahydrate
Nitrate Cerium (III) Ammonium
Nitrate Copper
Nitrate Lithium
Nitrate Magnesium hexahydrate Nitrate Zinc hexahydrate Nitrocellulose E-150
N-methylpyrrolidone
N-Octyl pyrrolidone
Nofome AF
Nofome AF
Nofome BLF 01
Nofome BLF 01 (dried)
Nonox BL
Nonox EXN
Nonox EXP
Nonox SP
Nonox WSL
Nonox WSO
Nonox WSP
Nonox ZA
Nopco 8034
Nuodex Co 10%
Nuodex Combi APB
Nuodex Combi HS
Nuodex Combi LS
Nuodex Combi QS
Nuodex Zr 18 %
Nuosept 145
Nuosperse 657
N-Vinylpyrrolidone
Octadecyl isocyate Octafluorophthalene
Oil of Pine
Oil of Thyme
Optifilm Enhancer 300 (dried)
Optigel SH
Orotan 681
Orotan 681 (dried)
Orotan 850
Owatrol Oil Pamam dendrimer, generation 0 Pamam dendrimer, generation 1 Pamam dendrimer, generation 1.5 Pamam dendrimer, generation 2 Pamam dendrimer, generation 4 Pamam dendrimer, generation 5
Pamam dendrimer, generation 5
Paraloid B66
Paraloid B66 (dried)
Paraloid™ B 48 N
Paraloid™ B 66
Paraloid™ B 72
Parmetol DF 18
Parmetol DF 18 (dried)
Parmetol DF 35
Parmetol DF 35 (dried)
Parmetol HF 25
Parmetol HF 25 (dried)
p-Cresylsalicylate
PEG 400 Monooleate
PEG 400 Monostearate
Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropiote) Pentaerythritol Tetraoleate
Peptazin BAFD
Perenol E 1
Perilla Oil
Perlit SI/SW
Perlit SI/SW
Persoftal L
Persoftal L
Persoftal LU
Persoftal NOBLE
Persoftal NOBLE (dried)
Persoftal NPF
Persoftal NPF (dried)
Persoftal OE
Persoftal OE (dried)
Persoftal PE
Persoftal PE (dried)
Persoftal PLUS
Petroleum ether
Phenol,2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(l -methyl- 1 - phenylethyl)
Phenolic Resin
Phenothiazine
Phenylhydrazin hydrochloride
Phosclere T 210
Phosclere T 215
Phosclere T 268
Phosclere T 310
Phosphit P
Phosphit TNPP
Phthalic anhydride Phthalopal LR8525, Phthalate based Resin
Piccotac 95 E
Pimelic acid
Piperoin
Plastilit 3060 (Poly(propylene glycol alkylphenyl ether) (dried)
Plastorit M
Plexene CA
Plexene FED
Plexene FED
Plexigum® PQ 611
Plexisol® P 550-40
Pliolite AC3-H
Pliolite AC3-H (dried)
Pliolite VTAC-L
Plioway Ultra 200
Plioway Ultra 200 (dried)
Plioway Ultra G20
Plurafac LF 221
Plurafac LF 403
Pluronic PE 3100
Pluronic RPE
Pneumax DM
Polishing Oil
Poly(2-Vinylphthalene)
Poly(9,9-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl-3-(l-octyl-l,2,3-triazol-4-yl)- thiophene-2,5-diyl)
Poly(methylhydrosiloxane)
Poly(n-isopropyl acrylamide)
Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) amine functiolized Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) aminomethylated Poly(tetrahydrofuran) based polymer
Poly( vinyl methyl ether)
Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-alt-(l,4-phenylene)]
Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-l,4-phenylenevinylene]
Poly[3-(l-heptyl-l,2,3-triazol-4-yl)thiophene-2,5-diyle-2,5- dioctyloxy-1, 4-phenylene]
Poly[3-(2-heptyl-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)thiophene-2,5-diyle-2,5- dioctyloxy-1 ,4-phenylene] Poly[3-(2-heptyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)thiophene-2,5-diyle-9,9- dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyle]
Poly[9,9-di(4-octyloxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-l, 4-phenylene]
Poly{[2-(5-phenyl-l,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-l,4-phenylene]-alt- (9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)}
Poly{3-[6-(l-methylimidazolium-3-yl)hexyl]thiophene-2,5-diyl bromide}
Polyalkylbenzene
Polycaprolactone triol
Polyester, terephthalic acid based, biodegradable
Polyester, terephthalic acid based, biodegradable, dark green
Polyethyleneimine
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids
Polymethylene Polyphenyl Polyisocyate
Polyol TP 200
Polyolefm CP 164-1
Polyolefm CP 343-1 Polyoxyethene (40) stearate
Polyoxyethylene Polymethylene Siloxane DC470A (dried)
Polyphenylene Oxide, Noryl
Polyphobe 106 E
Polypox 480 (Modified cycloaliphatic polyamine)
Polypox 480 (Modified cycloaliphatic polyamine) (dried) Polypox H 016 (Phenol-free polyamine)
Polypox H 016 (Phenol-free polyamine) (dried)
Polypox H 354 L (modified cycloaliphatic polyamine)
Polypox H 354 L (modified cycloaliphatic polyamine) (dried)
Polypox R 6 (o-cresyl glycidyl ether)
Polypox R 6 (o-cresyl glycidyl ether) (dried)
Polypox R14
Polypox R20
Polypox R24
Polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether Polypropyleneglycolmonoacrylate
Polyquart H81
Polyquart H81 (dried)
Polysorbate 20
Polystyrene -b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine)
Polyvinyl alcohol fully hydrolyzed
Polyvinylbutyral
Polyvinylchloride - hard
Polyvinylchloride - soft
Polyvinylidene chloride/acrylate copolymer
Poppy Oil
Potassium phthalate
Potassium silicate
Potassium trifluoroacetate
Powderlink 1174
PPG Dioleate
Preventol CI-7
Preventol CI-8
Preventol D6
Preventol D6 (dried)
Preventol D7 (Isothiazolinones) (dried)
Preventol HS 75
Preventol MP 260
Preventol MP 260 (dried)
Preventol® ON extra
Primal CL-3371 (dried)
Primal E 2573
Primal E 2573 (dried)
Primal E-3188
Primal E-3188 (dried)
Primal EP 6060
Primal EP 6060 (dried)
Primal HG 800 Primal WS 24E
Primal® AC 35 (dried)
Primal® WS 24
Primal® WS 24 (dried)
Primid - XL - 552
Propargyl chloride
Protoporphyrin IX
Protorez FFO
Protorez FFO
p-Toluenesulfonyl isocyate
PUR Desmophan 460
Pyrazinecarboxamide
Refill Glue ER-S
Regalite R 7100
Regalrez® 1126
Resin AFS
Resin AW-2, Polycyclohexanone based Resin
Resin CA
Resin MH
Resin MH (dried)
Resin SK, Modified Acetophenone/Formaldehyde Resin Resydrol AX 237 W
Resydrol AX 237W (dried)
Resydrol AY 241W/40WA
Resydrol AY 241W/40WA (dried)
Resydrol AY 430W
Resydrol AY 430W (dried)
Resydrol AY 586W/38WA
Resydrol AY 586W/38WA (dried)
Resydrol UEA 209
Resydrol UEA 209 (dried)
Rewophat EA 8190
Rheolate 2001
Rheolate 2001 (dried)
Rheolate 255
Rheolate 266 (dried)
Rheolate 278
Rheolate 310
Rheolate 310 (dried)
Rheovis CR2, Polyalkyl acrylic acid based Resin Rhodapex CO-436
Rhodoline DF 311M
Rhodoline DF 6120
Rhodoline DF 6681
Rhodoline DF 999
Rhodopas PS 850
Rhodopas PS 850 (dried)
Rohagit® SP 15
Rosin
Roskydal K68 Sancure 20041
Sancure 20041 (dried) Sand, Silicon dioxide Sandostab P-EPQ
Santoflex 134
Santo flex 15
Santo var A
Santowhite CI
Santo white L
Santowhite Powder
SCX 910
SCX 910 (dried)
SCX 920
SCX 920 (dried)
Semicarbazide
Sephadex A 25
Sephadex DEAE
Sephadex G-15
Sephadex G-25
Sephadex G-50
SER AD BEZ 75 SER AD DP FS 531 SER AD FA 179 SER AD FA 196 SER AD FA 579 SER AD FA 601 SER AD FA 607 SER AD FA 620 SER AD F 321 SER AD FN 1566 SER AD FN 265 SER AD FS 530 SER AD FX 1070 SER AD FX 2050 SER AD FX 504 SER AD FX 511 SER AD FX 521 SER AD FX 600 SER AD FX 600 (dried) SER AD FX 9010 SER AD FX 9080 SER AD FX 9085 SER/AD FN 225 SER/ AN FN 211 SER AN FN 211 (dried)
Serdas 7540
Serdas GBR
Serdas MOM Sesame Oil
Setal 168 SS 80
Setal 168 SS 80 (dried)
Setal 169 SS-67
Setal 90173 SS-50
Setalux 6741 AQ 43
Setalux 6741 AQ 43 (dried)
Setalux 6742 AQ 40
Setalux 6742 AQ 40 (dried)
Setalux C 1151 XX 51 Setalux C 1151 XX 51 (dried)
Setalux C 1152 XX 51
Setalux C 1156 XS 60 Setalux C 1156 XS 60 (dried)
Setalux C 1182 SS 55
Setalux C 1182 SS 55 (dried)
Setalux C- 1184 SS-51
Setaqua 6520
Setaqua 6520 (dried)
Setaqua 6755 (dried)
Setaqua 6756
Setaqua 6763
Setaqua 6763 (dried)
Setaqua 6771
Setaqua 6771 (dried)
Setaqua 6774
Setaqua 6774 (dried)
Setaqua 6776 (dried)
Setyrene 78 XS 55
Setyrene 78 XS 55 (dried)
Shellack Aged
Shellack Angelo 4621 Superb londe
Shieldex CP-4
Short Soya Bean Alkyd
Short Soya Bean Alkyd (dried)
Schwego PUR 8050 VP
Schwego Wett 8075
Sicor SPO
Silica Gel
Silikophen N P 50/300
Silikopon EF, Silicone-epoxy Resin
Silikopur 8001 F
Silikopur 8001 F (dried)
Silquest A 1100
Silquest A 1100
Silquest A 1100 (dried)
Silquest A 1120
Silquest A 171
Silquest A 171 (dried)
Silquest A 187
Figure imgf000120_0001
Spanscour Spark Spanscour Spark (dried)
Stabaxol PCD
Stanclere 1250
Stanclere 173
Stanclere 55
Statexan HA
Statexan HA (dried)
Statexan PES
Statexan PES
Staybelite resin E
Stearate Calcium
Sterically hindered bisphenol, butylidenebisxylenol type
Styreted diphenylamine
Styreted phosphites
Styreted phosphites
Styrene
Styrofan D 422
Styrofan D 422 (dried)
Sulfaguanidine
Sulfate Barium
Sulfate Cadmium
Sulfate Cerium (III) hydrate
Sulfopon O 680
Sulfopon O 680 (dried)
Sulryn random copolymer poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid), EMAA
Sumilizer GA-80
Sumilizer GM-S
Sumilizer GS
Sumilizer TP-D
Superchlon CR 40
Surfynol 104 BC
Surfynol 104 BC (dried)
Surfynol 104 S
Surfynol 440 (dried)
Surfynol DF 58
Surfynol PSA-336
Surfynol SEF
Surfynol® 61
Sylodex 04
Sylodex 07
Sylodex 08
Sylodex H2
Synocure 220 HS
Synocure 220 HS (dried)
Synolac 1333
Synolac 1333 (dried)
Synperonic PE/L 64 Synperonic PE/P 103
Syntegal V-7
Synthalan LS 768
Synthalan LS 768 (dried)
TAA OL-methacrylate
Tafigel AP 1/1
Tafigel AP 1/1 (dried)
Tafigel API 0
Tafigel AP 10 (dried)
Tafigel PUR 40
Tafigel PUR 45 (dried)
Tafigel PUR 50
Tafigel PUR 50 (dried)
Tafigel PUR 60 (dried)
Tagat CH 60, PEG-60 Hydrogeted Castor Oil Tallow Oil
Tallow Oil Fatty Acid
Tamol NNO
Tasperse OLG
Tasperse OLG (dried)
Tastat P
Tastat P
Tastat PH
Tastat PH
Taterge CSU (dried)
Taterge CSU Liquid
Taterge PRC
Taterge PRC
Taterge SP
Taterge SP (dried)
Tawet RC-N
Tawet RC-N (dried)
TANEPE CL
Tanede Nova
Tanede RC
Tannex BCA-N
Tannex BCA-N (dried)
t-Butyl Glycidyl Ether
Tego Airex 1435
Tego Airex 1435 (dried)
Tego Airex 900
Tego Airex 902 W
Tego Airex 902 W (dried)
Tego Airex 907 W
Tego Airex 907 W (dried)
Tego Airex 935
Tego Airex 935 (dried)
Tego Airex 980
Tego Airex 985
Figure imgf000123_0001
Thermoflex A
Figure imgf000124_0001
UV-absorber318 Uvinul 490
Uvinul MS 40
Uvinul N 35
Uvistab 247
Valine
Variop
Versamine EH 50
Versamine EH 50 (dried)
Versamine I 74
Vestagon B 68
Vestamin TMD (branched aliphatic diamine) Vestat T 1890
Viacryl SC 166
Viacryl VSC 6279W
Viacryl VSC 6279W (dried)
Viacryl VSC 6295W
Viacryl VSC 6295W (dried)
Vialkyd AC 406/75X
Vialkyd AC 406/75X (dried)
Vialkyd VAF 7200/70 BAC (dried)
Vinpas CEP 15
Vinpas CEP 15 (dried)
Vinpas LL 6484
Vinpas UW-1
Vinyl Chloride/Vinyl Acetate/Vinyl Terpolymer Vinyl Short Alkyd
Vinyl Short Alkyd (dried)
Viscalex HV 30
Viscalex HV 30 (dried)
Wacor ZBP-M
Walnut Oil
Wax V
Weston 619
Weston 732
Wingstay L
Wingstay L 177
Wingstay T
Wollastonite
WorleeCryl 7930
WorleeCryl 7930 (dried)
Worleesin MS 265
Worleesin MS-240, Maleic resin
Yoyoba Oil
Zalba special
Zerolit 225
Zerolit FF (SRA 70)
Zetasperse 1200
Zetasperse 1200 (dried) Zetasperse 1600
Zetasperse 1600 (dried)
Zetasperse 2100
Zetasperse 2300
Zinc 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21 h,23 h-porphine
Zinc acetate
Zinc Borate
Zinc Caprylate
Zinc Chromate
Zinc phthalocyanine
Zinc sulphate
Zirconium acetate, solution
Zoldine MS Plus
Zoldine RD 20
Zonyl 9361
Zonyl 9361 (dried)
Zonyl FS 62
Zonyl FS 62 (dried)
Zonyl FSA
Zonyl FSA (dried)
Zonyl FSH
Zonyl FSH (dried)
Zonyl FSJ
Zonyl FSJ (dried)
Zonyl FSN
Zonyl FSN (dried)
Zonyl FSO 100
Zonyl FSO 100 (dried)
Zonyl FSP
Zonyl FSP (dried)
Zytel E103 HSLC NC-10
Polylactate
Chlorited Polyvinylchloride
Pebax
Vespel
Ultem 2300
PEEK
Torlon 4203
Polyvinylidene fluoride
Fluorosilicone Rubber
Viton
Perfluoralkoxy
Polysulfone Resin
Turcite X
Viton A Table 5. Sample Materials: Fibers
Comfortrel, Polyester, Wellman
Dry Step, Nylon 6, Royal-American
Arvil, Rayon, Avtex
Avisco, Acetate, Avisco
Wool Sheep Columbia, Wool, Animal
Dream, 13% Angora, 18% Rayon, 50% Acrylic, 10% Nylon, Almedahls
Feather Pigeon, Animal, NA
Silk India Assam Eri, Silk, Ethno
Lycra, Spandex, Invista
Spider Net (Araneus diadematus), Animal, NA
Fur Leopard, Animal, NA
Minnie, 23% Kid Mohair, 16% Merino, 38% Nylon, 23% Polyester, Classic Elite
Lin, 25% Flax, 25% Cotton, 50% Acrylic, Almedahls
Brighton , 30% Cotton, 28% Nylon, 24% Rayon, 18% Nylon, Trendsetter yarns
Fur Chinchilla, Animal, NA
Vliseline, Mixed Yarn, Alysse
Keylar 29, Aramid , Dupont
Chirlac Braided (surgery), Biodegradable, PLLA, Chirmac
Perlon, Nylon, Bayer
Sisal, Natural, Dorner Helmer
Hair Human Male, Human, NA
Barricaut, Polyester, Honeywell
Pelouche, 30% Nylon, 35% Acrylic, 35% wool, Bollicine
Firenze, 30% Wool, 30% Acrylic, 40% Nylon, Plymouth Brand
Sultana, 31% Acrylic, 29% Cotton, 40% Nylon, Berger Du Nord
Savvy Onyx, 34% Polyester, 56% Acrylic, 10% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Yukon, 35% Mohair, 35% Wool, 30% Acrylic, Plymouth Brand
Pueblo Sky, 35% Polyester, 32% Olefin, 26% Cotton, 6% Acrylic, Douglas Furniture
Moda Color , 3 % Rayon, 3 % Nylon, 30% Acrylic, Austermann
For Keeps Sand, 37% Cotton, 63% Olefin, Douglas Furniture
Bamba , 38% Wool, 36% Nylon, 26% Polyester, Plymouth Brand
Caramelle, 40% Cotton, 34% Polyester, 26% Acrylic, Almedahls
Lavish , 40% Nylon, 32% Wool, 15% Polyester, 13% Acrylic, Berroco
Mystery , 40% Wool, 25% Cotton, 20% Acrylic, 15% Nylon, Artful Yarns
Bushlark Pecan, 41% Acrylic, 24% Polyester, 35% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture Clearview Beige, 41% Polyester, 20% Acrylic, 39% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture All Terrain Moss, 41% Polypropylene, 33% Acrylic, 26% Polyester, Douglas Furniture
Softwist, 41% Wool, 59% Rayon, Berroco
Olympic , 42% Rayon, 29% Cotton, 29% Acrylic, Artful Yarns
Chameleon , 42% Wool, 55% Acrylic, 3% Polyester, Wendy
Fox, 42% Wool, 58% Nylon, Aurora Yarns
Haitian Natural, 43% Cotton, 26% Rayon, 25% Polyester, 6% Acrylic, Douglas Furniture
Zaballa Multi, 43% Polyester, 41% Acrylic, 16% olefin, Douglas Furniture
Tapestry , 43% Rayon, 41% Nylon, 16% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Snap , 43% Wool, 37% Acrylic, 20% Nylon, Plymouth Brand
Spillo , 43% Wool, 55% Acrylic, 2% Rayon, Plymouth Brand
Prentice Froth, 44% Acrylic, 31% Polypropylene, 21% Polyester, 4% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Caravan Multi, 44% Acrylic, 35% Polyester, 21% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Tinker Confetti, 44% Polyester, 39% Acrylic, 17% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture
Natasha , 45% Acrylic, 24% Nylon, 17% Rayon, 14% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Clown, 45% Cotton, 40% Superwash Wool, Almedahls
Sockotta Sock Yarn, 45% Cotton, 40% Superwash Wool, 15% Nylon, Plymouth Brand
Commando Blue, 45% Herculon, 40% Polyester, 15% Acrylic, Douglas Furniture
Frou Frou, 45% Nylon, 28% Cotton, 27% Acrylic, Plymouth Brand
Wishmaster Sage, 45% Olefin, 41% Polyester, 14% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Wishmaster Beige, 45% Polyester, 41% Olefin, 14% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Bettina , 45% Rayon, 35% Nylon, 20% Flax, Adrienne Vittadini
Chiara, 45% Rayon, 37% Nylon, 9% Cotton, 9% Acrylic, Adrienne Vittadini
Conifer Pine, 47% Acrylic, 25% Polypropylene, 20% Polyester, Douglas Furniture
Tuscany Bronze, 47% Polyester, 33% Acrylic, 17% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture
Bonton Clay, 47% Polyester, 37% Acrylic, 16% Olefin, Douglas Furniture
Summer Stock Multi, 47% Polyester, 41% Acrylic, 12% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Batika Color , 48% Cotton, 47% Acrylic, 5% Nylon, Austermann
Filbert Camel, 48% Polyester, 31% Acrylic, 21% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture
Lauderdale Ebony, 48% Polyester, 32% Acrylic, 17% Polypropylene, 3% Nylon, Douglas
Furniture
Palace , 48% Wool, 45% Acrylic, 7% Nylon, Artful Yarns
Fluffy, 49% Acrylic, 29% Wool, 19% Nylon, 3% Polyester, Almedahls
Speedway Springtime, 49% Polyester, 34% Acrylic, 17% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture
Vabene , 5% Polyester, 48% Nylon, 26% Wool, 21% Acrylic, Austermann
Dayton Sage, 50% Acrylic, 22% Polyester, 28% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture
Fireworks, 50% Acrylic, 38% Polyester, 12% Nylon, arabella
Flax Isle, 50% Cotton, 30% Rayon, 20% Flax , Plymouth Brand
Madrid, 50% Cotton, 50% Rayon, Filatura Cervinia
Bom-UU, 50% Cotton, 50% Wool, Almedahls
Tiffany , 50% Nylon, 31% Mohair, 19% Acrylic, Trendsetter yarns
Moiselle , 51% Acrylic, 30% Nylon, 9% Wool, Wendy
Bamboo Garden , 51% Bamboo, 47% Cotton, 2% Nylon, Plymouth Brand
Athena, 51% Cotton, 44% Nylon, 5% Rayon, Plymouth Brand
Massimo, 51% Wool, 27% Acrylic, 15% Nylon, 7% Polyester, Plymouth Brand
Antonia , 1% Wool, 49% Nylon, Adrienne Vittadini
Coventry, 52% Nylon, 18% Wool, 18% Acrylic, 12% Rayon, Trendsetter yarns
Mohican Beige, 52% Polyester, 43% Olefin, 5% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Arlington Berry, 52% Polyester, 48% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Foliage, 53% New Wool, 47% Acrylic, Berroco
Monarch , 53% Nylon, 47% Acrylic, Trendsetter yarns
Runway, 53% Nylon, 47% Polyester, Berroco
Lucia, 53%) Wool, 47% Cotton, Adrienne Vittadini
Flame Navy, 54% Polyester, 46% Acrylic, Douglas Furniture
Max red, 55% Polyester, 35% Acrylic, 10% Polypropylene, Douglas Furniture
Toreador Multi, 55% Polyester, 45% Rayon, Lane Borgosesia
Iceland, 55% Wool, 35% Acrylic, 10% Nylon, Almedahls
Brillant, 56% Cotton, 44% Nylon, Berger Du Nord
Gordon Harvest, 56% Cotton, 44% Polyester, Douglas Furniture Scarlet, 57% Acrylic, 29% Nylon, 14% Polyester, Austermann
Donahue Sand, 57% Polyester, 27% Olefin, 11% Acrylic, 5% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Look Slo Mocha, 57% Polyester, 43% Olefin, Douglas Furniture
Mosaic , 58%o Polyester, 34% Cotton, 8% Nylon, Trendsetter yarns
Hadley Loden, 8% Polyester, 37% Acrylic, 16% Olefin, Douglas Furniture
Chorus Azure, 58% Polyester, 39% Acrylic, 3% Nylon, Douglas Furniture
Zucca, 58%o Tactel, 42% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Perle, 59% Nylon, 39% Acrylic, 2% Polyester, Almedahls
Vixen, 59% Rayon, 37% Cotton, 4% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Bubble Print , 60% Cotton, 40% Nylon, Austermann
Magique , 60% Nylon, 16% Cotton, 1 % Acrylic, 9% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Montage , 60% Nylon, 3 % Rayon, 5% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Odyssey Glitz , 60% Nylon, 37% Wool, 3% Lame, Plymouth Brand
Heroes, 60% Nylon, 40% Acrylic, Artful Yarns
Odyssey, 60% Nylon, 40% Wool , Plymouth Brand
Accolade Dusk, 60% Olefin, 38% Acrylic, 2% Polyester, Douglas Furniture
Soulmate Multi, 60% Olefin, 40% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Talley Carmel, 60% Polyester, 40% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Stardust, 60% Polyester, 40% Nylon, arabella
Roses , 60%) Rayon, 40% Polyester, arabella
Tyrol, 60% Wool, 30% Alpaca, 10% Acrylic, Grignasco
Bouclerone , 60% Wool, 34% Nylon, 6% Polyester, Austermann
Saville Garden Multi, 63% Olefin, 37% Polyester, Douglas Furniture
Puddel, 64% Mohair, 20% Wool, 16% Rayon, Aurora Yarns
Ischia Silk , 64% Silk, 32% Cotton, 4% Nylon, Bollicine
Aventura , 65% Cotton, 25% Nylon, 10% Rayon, Trendsetter yarns
Dune Beige, 65% Cotton, 35% Polyester, Douglas Furniture
Hot Hot Hot, 65% Nylon, 30% Polyester, 5% Acrylic , Plymouth Brand
P-zazz, 65% Nylon, 35% Rayon , Plymouth Brand
Topton Barley, 65% Olefin, 35% Dacron, Douglas Furniture
Charming , 65% Polyester, 35% Tactel, Trendsetter yarns
Combolo, 66% Nylon, 30% Tactel , Plymouth Brand
Persuade Brown, 66% Olefin, 21% Polyester, 13% Acrylic, Douglas Furniture
Tic Tac Multi, 68% Cotton, 30 % Polyester, 2% Olefin, Douglas Furniture
Horizon Blue, 69% Cotton, 19% Olefin, 12% Polyester, Douglas Furniture
Santana Blue, 69% Polyester, 17% Acrylic, 13% Cotton, 1% Nylon, Douglas Furniture
Camille , 70% Cotton, 13% Rayon, 11% Nylon, 6% Acrylic, Adrienne Vittadini
Teddy, 70% Courtelle Acrylic, 17% Wool, 13% Polyester, Almedahls
Martina , 70% Extrafine Merino Wool, 30% Silk, Adrienne Vittadini
Etoile, 70% Kid Mohair, 30% Acrylic, Bollicine
Maxi, 70%) Merino, 30% Acrylic, Bollicine
Portrait , 70% Mohair, 25% Rayon, 5% Polyester, Artful Yarns
Baby Lash , 70% Nylon, 30% Acrylic, Bernat
La Scala , 70% Nylon, 30% Cotton, Trendsetter yarns
Elegante, 70% Rayon, 13% Cotton, 13% Acrylic, 4% Misc., Almedahls
Amsterdam, 73% Nylon, 27% Acrylic, Lana gatto
Frolic Fawn, 73% Olefin, 17% Polyester, 9% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Encore Mega, 75% Acrylic, 25 %Wool, Plymouth Brand Party , 75% Polyester, 25% Nylon, Wendy
Sunshine Print , 75% Rayon, 25% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Gabrielle, 75% Wool, 15% Rayon, 10% Nylon , Plymouth Brand
La Gran Mohair, 76% Mohair, 18% Wool, 6% Nylon, Classic Elite
Flora, 76% Rayon, 24% Polyester, Trendsetter yarns
Wyndham Blue, 78% Acrylic, 14% polyester, 8% Nylon, Douglas Furniture
Margarita, 78% Nylon, 22% Microtactel , Plymouth Brand
Baby Alpaca Brush, 80% Baby Alpaca, 20% Acrylic, Alpaca - Indiecita Brand
Rapunzel , 80% Mohair, 15% Wool, 5% Nylon, Trendsetter yarns
Trevira, Polyester, Hoechst
Polar, 100% Wool, Almedahls
Natura, 30% Alpaca, 30% Wool, 37% Acrylic, 3% Rayon, Almedahls
Imperiale Super Kid Mohair, 80% Mohair, 20% Nylon, Lane Cervinia Le Fibre Nobili Ranee, 80% Nylon, 20% Polyester, Kertzer
Poco, 80% Rayon, 20% Nylon, Kertzer
Diamante , 80% Rayon, 20% Polyester, Karabella
Sinsation, 80% Rayon, 20% Wool, Plymouth Brand
24K , 82% Nylon, 18% Lame, Plymouth Brand
Carnivala , 82% Rayon, 12% Nylon, 6% Polyester, Plymouth Brand
Bonneville Blue, 84% Herculon, 11% Polyester, 5% Cotton, Douglas Furniture
Noch Eros, 85% Acrylic, 1 % Rayon, Plymouth Brand
Baker Beige, 85% Cotton, 1 % Polyester, Douglas Furniture
Palazzi , 85% Nylon, 15% Wool, Plymouth Brand
Crisantemo , 85% Polyester, 1 % Rayon, Trendsetter yarns
Country 8Ply Naturals, 85% Pure Wool, 10% Acrylic, 5% Rayon, Machine Washable,
Cleckheaton
Iris , 86%o Nylon, 14% Acrylic, Trendsetter yarns
Frizzultra , 90% Nylon, 10% Acrylic, Plymouth Brand
Diva, 95% Nylon, 5% Metallic Polyester, Almedahls
Acrylic >80%, Acrylic, Promod
Acrylan, Modacrylic, Monsanto
Leather - Pig - Velour, frontside, Animal, NA
Leather - Pig - Velour, underside, Animal, NA
Leather - Cow, Animal, NA
Leather - Lamb - Napa, Animal, NA
Leather - Goat - Velour, Animal, NA
Leather - Goat - Napa, Animal, NA
Fur Ocelot, Animal, NA
Fur Persian Breitschwanz, Animal, NA
Fur Persian Swakara, Animal, NA
Fur Persian 1 month, Animal, NA
Fur Persian 2 months, Animal, NA
Fur Antelope, Animal, NA
Fur Persian 3 months, Animal, NA
Skin Snake, frontside, Animal, NA
Skin Snake, underside, Animal, NA
Fur Ostrich, Animal, NA
Fur Racoon, Animal, NA Fur Red Fox Silver (Blue Colored), Animal, NA
Fur Red Fox White, Animal, NA
Fur Badger, Animal, NA
Fur Guereza Monkey, Animal, NA
Fur Rabbit, Animal, NA
Fur Goat frontside, Animal, NA
Fur Goat backside, Animal, NA
Fur Nutria frontside, Animal, NA
Fur Nutria backside, Animal, NA
Fur Muskrat, Animal, NA
Fur Mink, Animal, NA
Fur Marmot, Animal, NA
Fur Opossum, Animal, NA
Fur Stoat, Animal, NA
Fur Coon, Animal, NA
Fur Skunk frontside, Animal, NA
Fur Skunk backside, Animal, NA
Fur Marten, Animal, NA
Fur Bear, Animal, NA
Fur Wolf frontside, Animal, NA
Fur Wolf backside, Animal, NA
Lenka, Acrylic 15%, Cotton 64%, Flax 21%, Ariadne
Leacril, Acrylic, Monte Fibre
Acrylic/Polyamide #1, Mixed Yarn, C&A
Nylon 2%, Rayon 98%, Mixed Yarn, H&M
Elian Helen, Acrylic 33%, Nylon 34%, Wool 33%, VSV
Acrylic 80%, Wool 20%, Acrylic/Wool, Mango
Chemlon, Nylon , Chemko
Cotton/Rayon/Acrylic, Mixed Yarn, Zara
Acrylic 90%, Mohair 10%, Acrylic/Wool, Mango
Elaspan, Spandex, Invista
Glospan, Spandex, Globe
Hoechst, Polyester, Hoechst
Nylon > 85% #2, Nylon , Benetton
Nylon > 80% #3, Nylon, Tesco
Nylon > 80% #1, Nylon, Beltissimo
Acrylic 65%>, Metalic 35%>, Mixed Yarn, Mango
Rubber fiber #2, Mixed Yarn, Svadlena
Polarguard 3D, Polyester, oSa
Elian Sport, Acrylic 54%, Cotton 16%, Rayon 4%, Wool 26%, VSV
Xylon, Olefin PP, Alladin
Innova, Olefin PP, American Fibers
Isover, Glass, Saint-Gob ain
Rotaflex, Glass, Union
Wadding, Natural, Tesco
Cotton 80%, Natural, C&A
Nylon/Rayon, Mixed Yarn, Max Mara
eylar 49, Aramid , Dupont eylar, Aramid , Dupont
Nomex #1, Aramid , Dupont
Nomex #2, Aramid , Dupont
Straw treated, Natural, NA
Sensura, Polyester, Wellman
PVC based fiber #2, PVC, Pepe
PVC based fiber #1, PVC, Pepe
Rayon 50%, Mixed Yam, Max Mara
Cotton 90%, Natural, C&A
Amoco Cf Yam, Olefin PP, Amoco
Synera, Olefin PP, Amoco
Vicryl (surgery), Biodegradable, PLLA, Chirmac
Dexon (surgery), Biodegradable, PLLA, Dexon
Spider Net (Tegenaria domestica), Animal, NA
Bamboo 80%, Cotton 20%, Mixed Yam, Bambus Elegang
Bamboo fiber, Natural, Bambus Elegang
Fantasia, Acrylic 70%, Cotton 23%, Effect 7%, SDS
Tiffany forte, Acrylic 40%, Cotton 60%, SDS
Cotton 95%, Lycra 5%, Mixed Yam, H&M
Rayon 92%, Elastan 8%, Mixed Yam, Beltissimo
Polyester 86%>, Elastan 14%>, Mixed Yam, Benetton
Nylon 92%, Elastan 8%, Mixed Yam, Benetton
Acrylic/Polyamide #2, Mixed Yam, Zara
Modal 92%, Spandex 8%, Mixed Yam, H&M
Rayon 95%>, Elastan 5%>, Mixed Yam, Tesco
Rayon 85%, Flax 15%, Mixed Yam, Beltissimo
Ramie 42%, Flax 58%, Mixed Yam, Beltissimo
Nylon 83%, Elastan 17%, Mixed Yam, Benetton
Flax, Natural, Ethno
Nylon 30%, Silk 70%, Mixed Yam, Benetton
Cotton 33%, Rayon 49%, Nylon 16%, Elastan 2%, Cotton Nylon, C&A
Hair of Horse #1, Animal, NA
Hair of Horse #2, Animal, NA
Feather Hen, Animal, NA
Feather Pheasant, Animal, NA
Hair of Pig, Animal, NA
Hair of Dog, Animal, NA
Hair of Rabbit, Animal, NA
Hair of Cat, Animal, NA
Silk India Assam Muga, Silk, Ethno
Straw, Natural, NA
Ramie treated, Natural, NA
Acrylic 50%, Polyester 37%, Wool 13%, Mixed Yam, Mango
Hot Socks Cotton Stretch, Cotton 41%, Nylon 13%, Wool 39%, Grundl
Rayon 95%>, Elastan 5%>, Mixed Yam, Tesco
Wool - Lamb, Animal, NA
Hair Human Female Colored 2, Human, NA
Hair Human Female Colored 1 , Human, NA Nylon Rion Taslan PU milky, Mixed Yarn, Promod
Fibro, Rayon, Courtaulds
Biofresh, Acrylic, Sterling Fibers
Crimplene, Polyester, Regal
Chromspun, Acetate, Voridian
Piuma Piccolo, Polyester 40%, Rayon 60%, Ariadne
Silk, Animal, Ethno
Rayon 80%, Rayon, H&M
Acrylic 70%, Wool 30%, Mixed Yarn, Clockhouse
Silkworm Cocoon, Animal, Africa
Arnica, Acetate 5%, Acrylic 60%, Cotton 25%, Nylon 10%, Grundl Beluga, Acrylic 30%, Nylon 30%, Polyester 20%, Wool 20%, Grundl
Sarah, Acrylic 62%, Cotton 36%, Nylon 2%, Toptex
Atlantis, Acrylic 41%, polyester 41%, Nylon 18%, SDS
Nefertiti, Acrylic 18%, Nylon 7%, Rayon 75%, SDS
Elian Betty, Acrylic 43%, Nylon 29%, Wool 28%, VSV
Evita, Acrylic 21%, Cotton 79%, Vlnap
Frote, Acrylic 60%, Nylon 40%, Ariadne
Elian Ester, Acrylic 65%, Polyester 34%, VSV
Anna, Acrylic 50%, Rayon 50%, Toptex
Sunshine, Cotton 35%, Rayon 65%, Grundl
Edita Glamour, Cotton 55%, Rayon 45%, Toptex
Laguna, Cotton 67%, Silk 33%, Ariadne
Atol, Cotton 70%, Wool 30%, Ariadne
Hot Socks Uni , Nylon 25%, Wool 75%, Grundl
Vinyon, PVC, Rhovyl
Gore-Tex, Fluorocarbon, Gore
Kuraray PVA, PVA, uraray
Dyneema, UHMW PE, DSM
Kuralon, PVA, uraray
Polyimide Fiber, Polyimide Fiber, Germany
Basofil, Melamine Formaldehyde, BASF
Rhovyl, PVC, Rhone-Poulenc
Ardil, Azlon, ICI
Fibrolane , Azlon, Courtaulds
Vicara, Azlon, Virginian
Tencel, Lyocell, Tencel
Nylon/Cotton/ Acrylic, Mixed Yarn, Zara
Wellene, Polyester, Wellman
Nylon > 90%, Cotton, Nylon/Cotton, Promod
Silk Spider, Silk, Ethno
Rubber fiber, Rubber, Tesco
Wool Sheep Iceland, Wool, Animal
Estron, Acetate, Eastman Chemical
Nylon > 90% #2, Nylon, C&A ~
Microsafe, Acetate, Celanese
Wool 80%), Acrylic, Mixed Yarn, Promod
Regular, Acetate, Celanese Wolpryla, Acrylic, Markische Faser
Wool Sheep Corriedale, Wool, Animal
Hwm Rayon, Rayon, Avtex
Angora, Wool, Wonoco
Pompadour Zephyr, Wool, Wonoco
Wool Sheep Cheviot, Wool, Animal
Wool English #1, Wool, Animal
Wool llama, Wool, Animal
Scotch Tweed, Wool, Wonoco
Wool Sheep Churro, Wool, Animal
Knitting Worsted, Wool, Wonoco
Zephyr Paradise, Wool, Wonoco
Zephyr Paradise green, Wool, Wonoco
Heather Tone, Wool, Wonoco
Silken Wool, Mixed Yarn, Iran
Camel Hair, Wool, Wonoco
Crepe Welnette, Mixed Yarn, Wonoco
Pebble Crepe, Natural, Wonoco
Suedetex, Cotton , Wonoco
Snow Flake, Cotton , Wonoco
Twistex, Cotton/Rayon, Wonoco
Mystic Tweed Crepe, Mixed Yarn, Wonoco
Bouncle, Mixed Yarn, Wonoco
Heathertone Sport, Wool, Wonoco
Saxony, Wool, Wonoco
German Town, Wool, Wonoco
Shetland Floss, Wool, Wonoco
Feather-Fleece, Wool, Wonoco
2 Ply Silver Gloss, Wool, Wonoco
Sport Yarn, Wool, Wonoco
Sporting Angora, Wool, Wonoco
Speckle Crepe, Wool, Wonoco
Wool English #2, Wool, Animal
Cable Yarn, Wool, Wonoco
Silken Shetland, Mixed Yarn, Wonoco
Zephyr Tweed De Luxe, Wool, Wonoco
Wool Alpaca, Wool, Animal
Wool Sheep Border Leicester, Wool, Animal
Country Club, Wool, Wonoco
French Zephyr, Wool, Wonoco
Wool Flake, Wool, Wonoco
Bermuda Tweed, Mixed Yarn, Wonoco
Paisley Tweed, Mixed Yarn, Wonoco
Silk India Kanchi, Silk, Ethno
Silk Mud-Mee Thailand, Silk, Ethno ~ Dexon Plus (surgery), Biodegradable, PLLA, Dexon
Hemp, Natural, Ethno
Hemp Fine, Natural, Ethno Agave, Natural, NA
Kapok, Natural, NA
Musa, Natural, NA
Pina, Natural, NA
Raffia, Natural, NA
Ramie, Natural, NA
Kapok treated, Natural, NA
Musa treated, Natural, NA
Palmtree fiber (treated), Natural, Spring
Bamboo - piece (treated), Natural, Spring
Jute, Natural, Spring
Avora FR, Polyester, KoSa
Rayon >80%, Nylon, Polyester, Mixed Yarn, Beltissimo
Rayon > 70%, Acetate Rayon, Retro
Quattro, Acrylic 25%, Nylon 15%, Wool 60%, Vlnap
Absorbit, Rayon, Enka
Comforel, Polyester, Invista
Dunova, Acrylic, Bayer
Arnel, Acetate, Celanese
Ayril, Rayon, Avtex
Durvil Rayon, Rayon, Avtex
Beau Grip, Rayon, North American Rayon
Rustico, Acrylic 48%, Cotton 48%, Nylon 4%, SDS ~
Cotton , Cotton , China
Cotton , Cotton , Russia
Acrylic 90%, Nylon 10%, Acrylic/nylon, C&A
Nylon > 90% #3, Nylon, H&M
Cotton , Cotton , Korea
Nylon > 90% # 1 , Nylon, C&A ~
Nylon/Wool/ Acrylic, Mixed Yarn, Promod
Flocking Tow, Rayon, North American Rayon
SXD Rayon, Rayon, Avtex
T-45, Rayon, North American Rayon
Cotton , Cotton , USA
Wool/Acrylic, Acrylic/Wool, C&A
Cotton , Cotton , India
Anso, Nylon 6, Honeywell
Antron, Nylon 6,6, Invista
Cordura, Nylon 6,6, Invista
Caprolan, Nylon 6, Honeywell
Seraceta, Acetate, Seraceta
Meryl, Nylon 6,6, Nylstar
Dyenamix, Nylon 6,6, Solutia
Shimmereen, Nylon 6, Berkley
Type 3000, Rayon, North American Rayon
Regular Rayon, Rayon, Avtex
Enkalon, Nylon 6, Enka
Powersilk, Nylon 6,6, BASF Coloray, Rayon, Courtaulds
Samanta, Acrylic 20%, Cotton 60%, Rayon 20%, Vlnap
Lanese, Acetate Polyester, Celanese
Avtex, Acetate, Avtex
Acetate > 70%>, Acetate Polyester, Retro
Duraspun, Acrylic, Solutia
Fortrel Microspun, Polyester, Wellman
Qiana, Nylon 6, Dupont
Nylon > 85% #1, Nylon, Benetton
Cotton , Cotton , Uzbekistan
Fillwell, Polyester, Wellman
Microdenier Sensura, Polyester, Wellman
Nylon > 80% #2, Nylon, Tesco
Steripur, Polyester, DAK Americas
Aylin, Polyester, Avtex
Synthetic Leather #4, Poly(ester urethane) based, Jena Furniture
Microlux, Polyester, KoSa
YKK Polyester, Polyester, YKK
Colorguard, Polyester, Martin Color
Synthetic Leather #1, Poly(ester urethane) based, Jena Furniture Synthetic Leather #3, Poly(ester urethane) based, Jena Furniture
Dacron, Polyester, Dupont
Diolen, Polyester, Diolen Industrial Fibers
Synthetic Leather #2, Poly(ester urethane) based, Jena Furniture
Enkron, Polyester, Enka
Polysax-X, Olefin PP, Chase Bag
Vectra, Olefin PP, Cheyron
Pina treated, Natural, NA
Agave treated, Natural, NA
Table 6. Sample Materials: Industrial Paints
Acramin BS-N
Acramin BS-N (dried)
Acronal 290D
Acronal 500 D
Acronal A 603 (dried)
Acronal PS 6219
Acronal PS 6219 (dried)
Acronal LR 8977 (dried)
Acronal LR 8988
Acronal LR 8998
Acronal S 533
Acronal S 533 (dried)
Acronal S 726
Acronal S 726 (dried)
Alberdingk AC 2514 (dried)
Alberdingk AC 2518 (dried)
Figure imgf000137_0001
CarbosetCR717 Carboset CR 717 (dried)
Cardolite LX 5206
Cardolite LX 5206 (dried)
Cardolite NC 556X80
Cardolite NC 556X80 (dried)
Cardolite NC 562
Cardolite NC 562 (dried)
Copolymer ABS type
Copolymer EPDM Type
Copolymer EVA type
Copolymer SAN type
Crodasil SC 650W
Crodasil SC 650W (dried)
Crosslinker CX 100 (polyfunctional aziridine) (dried)
Cyclohexanon Formaldehyde resin
Cymel 301
Cymel 301 (dried)
Cymel 327 (dried)
Dammar
Dammar Aged
Daotan VTW 1265/36WA
Daotan VTW 1265/36WA (dried)
PER 660 B-80 (dried)
Desmodur N 3200, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin
Desmodur N 3200, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin (dried)
Desmodur N 3600, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin
Desmodur N 3600, hexamethylene diisocyanate based resin (dried)
Desmophen 1150
Desmophen 2009/1
Desmophen 2249/1
Desmophen 2249/1 (dried)
Desmophen 670 (dried)
Desmophen 680/1
Desmophen 680/1 (dried)
Desmophen 800
Desmophen 870 (dried)
Desmophen A 160 SN
Desmophen A 160 SN (dried)
Desmophen A 365
Desmophen A 365 (dried)
Desmophen A VP LS 2350
Desmophen A VP LS 2350 (dried)
Desmophen A VPLS 2158
Desmophen A VPLS 2158 (dried)
Desmophen A VPLS 2177
Desmophen A VPLS 2177 (dried)
Desmophen CI 200
Desmophen VP LS 2008/1
Figure imgf000139_0001
Mowilith 760 (dried) Mowilith 7714 (dried)
Mowilith 7717
Mowilith 7729
Mowilith 7729 (dried)
Mowilith DM 2452
Mowilith® 20, PVAc
Mowilith® DM 778
Mowilith® SDM 5, PVAc
Mowilith® SDM 5 (dried)
Mowiol® 4/98, PVA
Mowiol® 4-88, PVA
MS2A-Resin
Natural Rubber
NeoCryl A- 1049
NeoCryl A- 1049 (dried)
NeoCryl A- 1091
NeoCryl A- 1091 (dried)
NeoCryl A- 1120
NeoCryl A- 1120 (dried)
NeoCryl BT-24
NeoCryl BT-26 (dried)
NeoCryl SC-160
NeoCryl SC-160 (dried)
NeoCryl XK- 12
NeoCryl XK- 15
NeoCryl X -205
NeoCryl X -205 (dried)
NeoCryl X -37
NeoCryl X -52
NeoCryl X -52 (dried)
NeoCryl X -62
NeoCryl X -62 (dried)
NeoCryl X -75
NeoCryl X -75 (dried)
NeoCryl X -78
NeoCryl X -87
NeoCryl X -87 (dried)
NeoCryl X -90
NeoCryl X -95 (dried)
NeoCryl X -98
Paraformaldehyde
Paraldehyde
PEG 7 Glyceryl Cocoate
PEG-200 Glyceryl Tallowate
Phenol Resin
Poloxamer 105 (PEG-PPG copolymer)
Poly(acrylonitrile :butadiene)
Poly(butadiene : : styrene) Poly(butyl acrylate)
Poly(butyl methacrylate)
Poly(ethyl acrylate)
Poly(ethyl methacrylate)
Poly(ethylene adipate)
Poly(ethylene dimethacrylate)
Poly(ethylene glycol)
Poly(ethylene glycol) 1000
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Poly(ethylene :propylene)
Poly(isodecyl methacrylate)
Poly(methacrylic acid)
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate):: (butyl methacrylate)
Poly(propylene glycol) 2000
Poly(styrene : ethyl:
Poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene)
Poly( vinyl butyral)
Poly( vinyl isobutyl ether)
Poly( vinyl methyl ketone)
Polyacrylamide
Polyacrylonitrile
Polyamide resin
Polybutadiene
Polydimethylsiloxane
Polyethylene
Polychloroprene
Polyisobutylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polyurethane
PUR Desmophan 460
Regalrez® 1126
Resin AFS
Resin AW-2, Polycyclohexanone based Resin
Resin CA
Resin MH
Resin MH (dried)
Resin SK, Modified Acetophenone/Formaldehyde Resin
Resydrol AX 237W
Resydrol AX 237W (dried)
Resydrol AY 241W/40WA
Resydrol AY 241W/40WA (dried)
Resydrol AY 430W
Resydrol AY 430W (dried)
Resydrol AY 586W/38WA
Resydrol AY 586W/38WA (dried)
Resydrol UEA 209 Resydrol UEA 209 (dried)
Rheovis CR2, Polyalkyl acrylic acid based Resin Rhodopas PS 850
Rhodopas PS 850 (dried)
Sancure 20041
Sancure 20041 (dried)
SCX 910
SCX 910 (dried)
SCX 920
SCX 920 (dried)
Setal 168 SS 80
Setal 168 SS 80 (dried)
Setalux 6741 AQ 43
Setalux 6741 AQ 43 (dried)
Setalux 6742 AQ 40
Setalux 6742 AQ 40 (dried)
Setalux C 1151 XX 51
Setalux C 1151 XX 51 (dried)
Setalux C 1152 XX 51
Setalux C 1156 XS 60
Setalux C 1156 XS 60 (dried)
Setalux C 1182 SS 55
Setalux C 1182 SS 55 (dried)
Setaqua 6520
Setaqua 6520 (dried)
Setaqua 6755 (dried)
Setaqua 6756
Setaqua 6763
Setaqua 6763 (dried)
Setaqua 6771
Setaqua 6771 (dried)
Setaqua 6774
Setaqua 6774 (dried)
Setaqua 6776 (dried)
Setyrene 78 XS 55
Setyrene 78 XS 55 (dried)
Shellack Aged
Shellack Angelo 4621 Superb londe
Short Soya Bean Alkyd
Short Soya Bean Alkyd (dried)
Silikophen N P 50/300
Silikopon EF, Silicone-epoxy Resin
Silikopur 8001 F
Silikopur 8001 F (dried)
Teflon
Alkaprene, Chloroprene based Adhesive
Refill Glue ER-S
Mineral Oil, light and heavy Sesame Oil
Paraffin Oil
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane
1 ,2-Dichloroethane
1,6-Hexandiol
1-Propanol
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Benzene
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl benzoate
Butyl acetate
Carbon Tetrachloride
Cetyl alcohol
Cyclododecan
Cyclohexane
Diethyl ether
Diethylene Glycol Dibutyl Ether
Dichloromethane
Dimethylsulfoxide
Dodecane
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Heptane
Hexane
Hexanol
Chloroform
Isobutyl alcohol
m-Cresol
o-Cresol
o-Xylene
p-Cresol
Pentane
Petroleum ether
Phenol
Propylene glycol
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Triethylene Glycol
Water
Xylenes Mixed Alcopol O-70 PG, Aqueous/PPG contains dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium
Glycerol Tristearate
Chlorinated paraffin
Triacetin
Trilaurin
I Clearcoat
IK Clearcoat (dried)
Acryl White Universal Paint
Activ Wood Stain Colorless
Alkyd Lacquere Transparent
Amarol Triol Paint for Wood Aldyde Resin based
Anticorrosion Primer Paint, Binder part, Dried
Anticorrosion Primer Paint, Mixed, Dried
Anticorrosive Priming Paint
Antikor 200 Paint
Antirezin Black Paint
Asphaltum Laquer
Asphaltum Laquer (dried)
Balakryl Uni Mat Paint 0750 Orange
Balakryl Uni Mat Paint 0100 White
Balakryl Uni Mat Paint 0815 Red
Balakryl Uni Mat Paint 0510 Light Green
Balakryl Uni Mat Paint 0660 Ochre
Balakryl Uni Mat Paint 0220 Brown Light
Balakryl Uni Mat Paint 0250 Palisander
Balatix Paint, Tixotropic Enamel
Base Lissante Sheer Ivory Base Coat (for nails)
Base Lumere Protective Basecoat (for nails)
Base Paint for Metall, Glossy part, dried, from 1960
Base Paint for Metall, Matt Part, Dried, from 1960
Base Paint, from 1960
Bisil Light Blue Paint
Black Matt Paint for Tennis Tables, from 1960
Black Protective and Isolation Paint, Dried
Black Protective and Isolation Paint, Liquid
Black Toner MT 105B
Bondex Profi Wood Stain
Bondex Wood Care Product Natural Mahagony
Bondex Wood Care Product, Dried
Bondex Wood Care Product, Liquid
Bootlack, Paint for Boats
Brass Clear Varnish for Metal, Dried
Brass Clear Varnish for Metal, Liquid
Brillux Lacryl Glossy Finish Paint 275 RAL 1015
Bronze Godness AJ (for nails)
CI 036 Paint 0000, Nitrocellulose based
CI 037 Celolesk 0000, Paint for wood, nitrocellulose based
CI 038 Celomat Paint 0000, Wood Stain, nitrocellulose based C2000 Paint
C2000 Paint (dried)
C5000 Sealant 110, Nitrocellulose based
Celox Paint
Cewesol Enamel Binder part, Liquid
Cewesol Enamel Settlement part, Dried
Cewesol Enamel Settlement part, Liquid
Cleaner 205 Bonding Agent
Clipper I Penguin Yachting Paint
Color-Matic Spray Paint Red
Consolan Wood Stain
Copper Rose Nail Lacquere
Cova Deep, Wall Paint Interior
Cova Medium, Wall Paint Interior
Cova Pastel, Wall Paint Interior
Cova White, Wall Paint Interior
Cova Yellow, Wall Paint Interior
Cowacryl Acrylic Paint Waterthinnable
Cowidur Glossy Enamel, PU based, Component A+B, Aged A
Cowidur Glossy Enamel, PU based, Component A+B, Aged B
Cowidur Glossy Enamel, PU based, Component A+B, Liquid
Cowidur Hardener
DP Primer Paint for Yachts Grey
DD-Hartlack, PU based Lacquer for Yachts, Component A, Dried
DD-Hartlack, PU based Lacquer for Yachts, Component A, Liquid
DD-Hartlack, PUR based Lacquer for Yachts, Component B, Dried
DD-Hartlack, PUR based Lacquer for Yachts, Component B, Liquid
DD-Hartlack, PUR based Lacquer for Yachts, Components A+B mixed, Dried DD-Hartlack, PUR based Lacquer for Yachts, Components A+B mixed, Liquid
Degrolux Synthetic Resin Based Enamel Paint, from 1960
Degronit 767 Floor Paint, from 1960
Deltalac Paint with Epicote, Binder part, Dried
Deremaqua Paint (dried)
Dermaline Nail Lacquere
Deyellowing Serum (for nails)
Dibenol (binder), from 1960
Dinocryl Dispersion Paint
Ducolux Enamel
Ducolux Metal Paint, Binder part
Ducolux Metal Paint, Settlement
Dulux Enamel Plus Red, Paint Silicone based
Duralit 1516 - 029, Industrial Paint for Metal
Duralit 1516 - 029, Industrial Paint for Metal (dried)
Durodur 3057-025, Industrial Paint for Metal
Durodur 3057-025, Industrial Paint for Metal (dried)
Eco Super White Enamel Inside, from 1960
Eggshell Paint
Ekohost Colorless Matt 0001, Paint urethane-acrylate based, for wood inside Ekohost Colorless Semigloss 0000, Paint urethane-acrylate based, for wood inside
Enamel Spray for Cars Acrylate Combination Blue
Enamel Spray for Cars Acrylate Combination Blue (dried)
Enamel Spray for Cars Acrylate Combination Yellow (dried)
Enamel Spray for Cars Acrylate Green
Enamel Spray for Cars Acrylate Red
Enamel Spray for Cars Acrylate Red (dried)
Epolex Colorless Glossy Paint 0000
Epoxide Based Lacquere Two componets
Erbedol Semigloss Paint A + I
Erbedol Synthetic Resin Based, Impact-Proof Paint
Eternal Mat Revital Paint 217/201/218 Orange
Eternal Mat Revital Paint 217/216 Green
Eternal Mat Revital Paint 206/216 Dark Green
Eternal Mat Revital Paint 205/216 Blue-Green
Eternal Mat Revital Paint 205/202/217 Brown-Yellow
Eternal Mat Revital Paint 201/216/218 Purple
Eternal Mat Revital Paint 201/213 Grey
Eternal Paint 01 White
Eternal Paint 05 Yellow
Eternal Paint 07 Red-Brown
Eternal Paint 08 Brick Red
Eternal Paint 14 Ivory
Eternal Paint 17 Light yellow
Eternal Paint 18 Stawberry Red
Eternal Paint 22 Dark Green
Euro Alkyd Based Lacquere Glossy
Express Finish 260 Exotic nail Lacquere
Exterior Car Car Paint Chip
Facade Paint TP
Fasadin, Facade Paint
Finadur 781 Stoving Varnish (dried)
Finadur 781, Stoving Varnish
Finishing Paint Alkyd Based, Matt, P199M Black
Finishing Paint Alkyd Based, Gloss, P6700 Ochre
Finishing Paint Alkyd Based, Matt, P100M White
Finishing Paint Alkyd Based, Gloss, P5321 Green
Finishing Paint Alkyd Based, Gloss, P6006 Ivory
Finishing Paint Alkyd based, wood and metal
Formex Extra Palisander 0280, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint, for zinc
Formex Extra Sandy 0670, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint, for zinc
Formex Extra White-Grey 0101, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint, for zinc
Fortissimo, Wall Paint Interior
Glasurit Oil Color with Synthetic Resin
Glasurit Oil Color with Synthetic Resin
Gloss Paint
Glossy Colour Enamel Acrylic based, Dried
Glossy Colour Enamel Acrylic based, Liquid Glossy Colour Enamel Alkyd based, Binder part, Dried
Glossy Colour Enamel Alkyd based, Mixed, Dried
Goldlack Synthetic Resin based Lacquere for effect, Binder part, Dried Goldlack Synthetic Resin based Lacquere for effect, Binder part, Liquid
Goldlack Synthetic Resin based Lacquere for effect, Mixed, Dried
Goldlack Synthetic Resin based Lacquere for effect, Mixed, Liquid
Graphitti Spray Black - White Mate
Graphitti Spray Gold - White Creme
Graphitti Spray Molotow Premium - White
Graphitti Spray Pocket - White
GS Extra Mat Nail Lacquere
Gussofarb 66 Boat Paint, Dried
Gussofarb 66 Boat Paint, Liquid
H2203 Paint
Hairstyling Spray Ultralong Lasting
Hammerite Paint for Metal Green
Hammerite Paint for Metal Grey
Hammerite Paint for Metal Silver
Hammerite Paint for Metal Red
Hammerite Paint for Metal Blue
Hammerite Paint for Metal Dark Green
Herbol - Offenporig, Glazing Paint
Hetline Paint
High Build Stain
High Build Wood Stain
High Glossy Lacquere White
Hostagrund Aluminium 0910, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund Black 0199, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund Brown 0243, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund Dark Blue 0455, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund Dark Green 0540, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund Light Blue 0440, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund Red-Brown 0840, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund White 0100, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hostagrund Yellow 6200, Anticorrosion Single Layer Paint
Hyundai Bumper ZW Dark Grey Effect Car Paint Chip
Icosit Dickschicht 5530 RAL 1014, Anticorrosion Paint
Icosit Dickschicht 5530 RAL 1014, Anticorrosion Paint
Impra Color Colorless Wood Stain
Impredur Glossy Lacquer 840 Alkyd Resin based, Dried
Impredur Glossy Lacquer 840 Alkyd Resin based, Liquid
Impredur Silk Glossy Lacquer 880 Alkyd Resin based, Dried
Impredur Silk Glossy Lacquer 880 Alkyd Resin based, Liquid
Industral Synthetic Paint for Outside - Brown
Industrol Black 1999, Paint Alkyd based
Industrol Blue 4265, Paint Alkyd based
Industrol Dark Red 8191, Paint Alkyd based
Industrol Green 5300, Paint Alkyd based Industrol Ivory 6003, Paint Alkyd based
Industrol Light Red 8140, Paint Alkyd based
Industrol Orange 7551, Paint Alkyd based
Industrol Red-Brown 8440, Paint Alkyd based
Industrol Synthetic Paint for Outside - White
Industrol Yellow 6201, Paint Alkyd based
Inertol Paint for steel and concrete
Interior L Rich Black Car Paint Chip
Interior Primer Paint, Dried, from 1960
Interior Primer Paint, Liquid, from 1960
Interior TP Paint
Interior Z Beige Car Paint Chip
Izoban, Paint for swimming pools
Izoprim, Wall Paint Interior
Kronalux Street Marking Paint, Liquid PVC
Kunstschmiede Mattlack, PU-Alkyd Resin based Lacquer, Settlement part, Dried
Laksil Semiglossy Paint
Lazurol Colorless 0000, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Ebony 0099, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Green 0051 , Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Chestnut 0020, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Mahagony 0080, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Nut 0021, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Palisander 0022, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Pine Dark 0060, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Pine Light 0062, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol Sipo 0025, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol White 0010, Alkyd Based Wood Stain with Oil and Wax
Lazurol, Wood Stain, Light Oak
Le Vernis Multi Eclat 222 (for nails)
Le Vernis Nail Colour 461 Blue Satin
Le Vernis Nail Colour 465 Azur
Long Lasting Nail Lacquere 30
Luxol Extra Paint SI 023, Wood Stain
Malak Primer Paint for Windows, from 1960
Malvena, Facade Paint
Matt, Synthetic Resin Based Paint, from 1960
Meisterpreis Clear Varnish Seidenmatt with Polyurethane, Gel part, Dried
Meisterpreis Euro Ventilations, White Paint for Wood, Aldyde Resin Based
Meisterpreis Super Silky Polyurethane based Paint, Dried
Meisterpreis Super Silky Polyurethane based Paint, Liquid
Meisterpreis Tixoton High Build Wood Stain, Dried
Meisterpreis Tixoton High Build Wood Stain, Liquid
Meisterpreis Tixoton, High Build Stain
Meisterpreis White Enamel
ML AC 300 Stoving Varnish (dried)
ML AC 300, Stoving Varnish
Nail Art Multiglitter Tip Painter Nail Enamel White
Nail Hardener
Nail Lacquere for Childern Strawberry
Nail Polish No. 48
Nail Stimulating Serum
Nissan Infinity Bumper AG05 Medium Grey Effect Car Paint Chip O2004 Paint Undercoat for metals, industrial, outside, oil based
Oil Ground - Preparation for Oil Painting
Oknobal Palisander 2800, Paint Urethanised Alkyd Glossy
Oknobal White 1000, Paint Urethanised Alkyd Glossy
Oldorit Anticorrosive Paint Redbrown, Binder part, Dried
Oldorit Anticorrosive Paint Redbrown, Mixed, Dried
Oldorit Anticorrosive Paint Redbrown, Mixed, Liquid
Original French manicure for Nails
P05 Paint Remover
Pinotex Mahagony, Wood Care Product, Dried
Pinotex Mahagony, Wood Care Product, Liquid
Plus, Wall Paint Interior
Polar, Wall Paint Interior
Pragoprimer, Anticorrosion Paint Primer
Praktik Gloss Paint 9110
Praktik Primer Paint 100
Primalex Procolor S-PL, Paint for wood, base without pigments Primer Paint 609 White, Dried, from 1960
Primer Paint 609 White, Liquid, from 1960
Primer Paint TP
Priming Paint For Wood Alkyd Based
Protective Concrete Paint, Dried
Protective Concrete Paint, Liquid
Quick Dry Top Coat For Nails
Quick Shine For Nails 510 Alin
Radbal White 1000, Paint Acrylate Based for Radiators
Rampolux Synthetic Resin Based Paint
Rampolux Synthetic Resin Based Paint, Dried
Rampolux Synthetic Resin Based Paint, Liquid
Rampotex Chlorinated Rubber based Paint
Rampozet Liquid Plastics
Ridgefiller (for nails)
Ripolin Ripoderm Primer Paint for Wood, Dried
Ripolin Ripoderm Primer Paint for Wood, Settlement part, Liquid
Ritual Color 13 Fatale (for nails)
Rostosam Anticorrosion Primer Paint, Dried
Rostosam Anticorrosion Primer Paint, Liquid
Rustic Satin High Build Stain, Binder part, Liquid
Rustic Wood Stain, Liquid, from 1960
S2028 Paint
S2070 - Syntecol Primer 0100, Paint for wood, Alkyd based
S2222 Profi Radiator 1000, Alkyd/urethane based paint, for radiators S2819 Paint
S2852 Krastenol 0100, Paint Polystyrene based for swimming pools
Sadosol, Wood Care Product
Sadotec, Wood Care Product
Seidenmattlack Matte Lacquere for Outside Black
Semigloss Enamel, Binder part, Liquid
Semigloss Enamel, Settlement part, Liquid
Semigloss Enamel, Settlement part, Liquid
SemiGloss Paint 530
S-he Stylezone Nail Polish
Sheer Shimmer Nail Colour 105
Sheer Strength Nail Foundation
Sigmastar Aldyde Resin based Paint
Specolor Priming Undercoat Interior
Specolux Titan Glossy Enamel
Specosal Glossy Color Enamel RAL 7035
Stove Pipe Paint Black Glossy for high Temperatures, Dried
Stove Pipe Paint Black Glossy for high Temperatures, Liquid
Stove Pipe Paint Black Glossy, Dried
Stove Pipe Paint Black Glossy, Liquid
Strahlenweiss Alkyd Resin Anticorrosion Paint
Supra Lux Synthetic Resin based Lacquere, Dried
Supra Lux Synthetic Resin based Lacquere, Liquid
Supra Oil Colors Glossy Enamel, Dried
Supra Oil Colors Glossy Enamel, Liquid
Swing Color, Anticorrosion Paint
Sylabal Colorless Matt 0001, Paint Alkyd based, transparent, for metal and wood inside
Teolin High Glossy Lacquere
Thick Layer Glazing Paint for Wood
Thin Wood Stain
Top Coat for Nails
Topcoat Paint 100 Synthetic
Topcoat Paint 100 Water Based
Transparent Sealer for Wood, from 1960
Trinity Nail Lacquere
Twinkle Shine Nail Lacquere
Undercoat Paint
Underhood Car Paint Chip 6517 Vermilion
Underhood Car Paint Chip 6519 Black
Underhood Car Paint Chip 6534 Titanium Frost
Underhood Car Paint Chip 6579 Grey
Underhood Car Paint Chip 6726 Red
Underhood Car Paint Chip 6901 Spruce Green
Underhood Car Paint Chip 6980 Chestnut
Underhood Car Paint Chip 7058 Dark SVT Blue
Underhood Car Paint Chip CS30 Silky White
Underhood Car Paint Chip Z26 Red
Underhood Car Paint Chip ZOC Light Grey Unibunt Synthetic Resin Based Paint RAL 9001, from 1960
Unimat Black Paint 1999, Topcoat Matt
Unimat White Paint 1000, Topcoat Matt
Universal Brown Paint Urethane/Alkyd based
Universal Dispersion for Paint to enhance Elasticity
V 1314 Stoving Varnish
V 1314 Stoving Varnish (dried)
VI 600 Paint
VI 605 Polyurex Mat 0000, Paint for wood, PU/acrylate based, flat
VI 640 Paint
V2018 Latex Universal 1000, Wall Paint Interior
V2020 Paint
V2025 Okapol 842, Paint for Eaves
V2026 Paint
V2045 Balakryl Uni Mat 220, Paint for wood and walls, acrylate based, flat
V2068 Balakryl Gloss 1000, Paint for wood and walls, acrylate based
Velvet Orchid Nail Lacquere
Venticolor Window Enamel
Ventilux Paint for Windows, Dried
Ventilux Paint for Windows, Liquid
Vernis 001 (for nails)
Vernis 019 (for nails)
Viscolor Paint, from 1960
Viscolor Synthetic Resin based Enamel, Binder part, Dried
VP 169 Stoving Varnish
VP 169 Stoving Varnish (dried)
Waterproof Paint for Tiles, Isobutyl methacrylate based
Weissglut Paint 650
Wellaflex Hair Spray
Wilkenit Synthetic Resin Lacquere, Binder part, Dried
Wilkenit Synthetic Resin Lacquere, Mixed, Dried
Window Enamel White, from 1960
Wood Care Product Colorless
Wood Primer Paint
Wood Stain TC
Xylabrillant Wood Stain
Xyladecor 200 Wood Stain
Xyladecor Blue Wood Stain
Xylamon Colorless Wood Worm Killer
Yacht Systeme, Paint for Yachts
Powder Coating 19L, Epoxypolyester, glossy, RAL 1021 (powder)
Powder Coating 19L, Epoxypolyester, glossy, RAL 3020 (powder)
Powder Coating 3303, Epoxypolyester, matt, RAL 9005 (powder)
Powder Coating 4007, Acrylate, silk glossy, RAL 6005 (cured)
Powder Coating 4007, Acrylate, silk glossy, RAL 6005 (powder)
Powder Coating 500, Polyester, silk glossy, transparent (powder)
Powder Coating 504, Polyester, matt, RAL 9005 (powder)
Powder Coating 58L, Polyester, silk glossy, RAL 1023 (powder) Powder Coating 58L, Polyester, silk glossy, RAL 3002 (powder) Powder Coating 58L, Polyester, silk glossy, RAL 6005 (powder) Powder Coating 58L, Polyester, silk glossy, RAL 9006 (powder) Powder Coating 8009, Polyurethane, glossy, transparent (powder)
Powder Coating B23, Epoxide, matt, RAL 9005 (cured)
Powder Coating B23, Epoxide, matt, RAL 9005 (powder)
Powder Coating B44, Epoxide, matt, RAL 9005 (cured)
Powder Coating B44, Epoxide, matt, RAL 9005 (powder)
Powder Coating H50, Epoxypolyester, glossy, transparent (powder)
Matte Overprint Varnish V5080 (dried), Offset Print Color
Matte Overprint Varnish V5080, Offset Print Color
Novaspot Pantone Black (dried), Offset Print Color
Novavit Bio H S44 (dried), Offset Print Color
Novavit Bio H S44 , Offset Print Color
Pantone 186GA Red (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone 186GA Red, Offset Print Color
Pantone 8383 Gold (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Black Natural 10009 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Green Natural 10008 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Green Natural 10008, Offset Print Color
Pantone Orange 10021 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Orange 10021, Offset Print Color
Pantone Process Blue 10007 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Process Blue 10007, Offset Print Color
Pantone Purple Oxy (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Purple Oxy, Offset Print Color
Pantone Red 10032 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Red 10032, Offset Print Color
Pantone Reflex Blue 10006 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Reflex Blue 10006, Offset Print Color
Pantone Transparent White (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Transparent White, Offset Print Color
Pantone Violet Natural 10005 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Violet Natural 10005, Offset Print Color
Pantone Warm Red 10001 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Warm Red 10001, Offset Print Color
Pantone Yellow Natural 10000 (dried), Offset Print Color
Pantone Yellow Natural 10000, Offset Print Color
Print Varnish Glossy 10LW9500 (dried), Offset Print Color
Print Varnish Glossy 10LW9500, Offset Print Color
Turbo Board Plus Cyan 80B32 (dried), Offset Print Color
Turbo Board Plus Magenta 80B31 (dried), Offset Print Color
Turbo Board Plus Magenta 80B31, Offset Print Color
Turbo Board Plus Yellow 80B30 (dried), Offset Print Color
Turbo Board Plus Yellow 80B30, Offset Print Color
Nanobyk 3600
Nanobyk 3600 (dried)
Color Naturals 4.3 Goldbrown Color Naturals 4.3 Goldbrown (after oxidation)
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Ethyl palmitate
Isobutyl Stearate
Lignine
Lukas Tinting Color Chrom Yellow Light 9507, Dried Lukas Tinting Color Chrom Yellow Light 9507, Liquid Lukas Tinting Color Light Ochre Yellow 9510, Dried
Lukas Tinting Color Umbra Greenish 9522, Dried
Lukas Tinting Color Umbra Greenish 9522, Liquid
Maize Starch
Microcrystalline cellulose
Monoethanolamine
Nitrocellulose
Tinting Oil Color BriUant Ochre Light Nr. 1507, Liquid
Tinting Oil Color Burned Sienna Nr. 1510, Dried
Tinting Oil Color Burned Sienna Nr. 1510, Liquid
Tinting Oil Color Chrom Yellow Light Nr. 1504, Dried Tinting Oil Color Chrom Yellow Light Nr. 1504, Liquid
Tinting Oil Color Ivory Extra Burning, Dried
Tinting Oil Color Ivory Extra Burning, Liquid
Tinting Oil Color Real Orange Nr. 1600, Dried
Tinting Oil Color Real Yellow Light Nr. 1598, Dried Tinting Oil Color Real Yellow Light Nr. 1598, Liquid
Tinting Oil Color Umbra Brown Nr. 1516, Dried
Tinting Oil Color Umbra Brown Nr. 1516, Liquid
Tinting Oil Color Umbra Greenish Nr. 1648, Dried Tinting Oil Color Umbra Greenish Nr. 1648, Liquid Tinting Oil Color Zinc Green Light Nr.1533, Dried Tinting Oil Color Zinc Green Light Nr.1533, Liquid Tinting Oil Color Zinc Green Middle Nr. 1532, Dried
Triethanolamine
Dabco T 12 CL (Dibutyltin Dilaurate)
DEEA (Diethyl Ethanolamine)
Isononanoic acid
Nacure 5076
Nacure 5076 (dried)
Aluminium stearate
Glycerol
Magnesium stearate
Methyl Linoleate
Methyl Palmitate
Oleic acid
Oleyl alcohol
Palmitic acid
Silwet L-77
Stearic acid
Aluminium potassium sulfate Aluminium Sulfate
Ammonium chloride
Calcium chloride
Calcium oxide
Concrete Screed
Glass wool
Gypsum white
Lime Extra White
Magnesium oxide
Monopotassium Phosphate
Monosodium phosphate
Oxide Aluminium
Plaster of Paris
Potassium carbonate
Potassium hydrogen carbonate
Sand, Silicon dioxide
Silica Gel
Sodium metasilicate
Talc
Tricalcium phosphate
Cyclohexyl isocyanate
Dibutylphthalate
Diisodecyl phthalate
Dioctyl adipate
Acetic acid
Formaldehyde
Naphthalene
Potassium acetate
Cardolite NC 513
Cardura E5 (glycidyl neopentanoate)
Rheolate 266 (dried)
Rheolate 278
Rheolate 310
Rheolate 310 (dried)
Rohagit® SD 15
2,6-Di-tert-Butyl-p-Cresol
4,4-thiobis(t-butyl-m-cresol)
Antioxidant 2246
Cyasorb UV 3346
Didodecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, DLTDP
Dioctadecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate
Hostanox 03
Hostavin N30 (HALS)
Chimasorb 81, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (UV-531)
Chimasorb 944
Irgafos 168
Irganox 1010
Irganox 1010 + Irganox 168 Irganox 1076
Irganox 1330
Irganox 31 14
Leucopur EGM
Millad 3988
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Tinuvin 622
Uvinul 4050 H
2- [3 -(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] ethyl methacrylate Cyasorb UV-416 Light Absorber
Table 7. Sample Materials: Dyes and Pigments
Acid Black 1 based I Lissamine Black 12B
Acid Black 1 based | Egacide Black 10B
Acid Black 107 based I Bestalan Black BGL
Acid Black 107 based I Ostalan Black BGL
Acid Black 194 I Basacid Black X 40 fl.
Acid Black 2 | Nigrosin W fl.
Acid Black 207 | Bestalan Grey S-B
Acid Black 24 I Coomasie Black B
Acid Black 26 based | Midlon Black VL Supra
Acid Black 26 based | Rybacid Black VL
Acid Black 48
Acid Black 52 I Chromolan Black WA 120
Acid Black 60 | Ostalan Grey BL
Acid Blue 1 I Triacid Blue V
Acid Blue 102 | Supranol Blue GL
Acid Blue 103 I Brilliant Indo Blue 5G
Acid Blue 104 | Special Brilliant Blue FFR
Acid Blue 1 13 | Rybacid Blue 5R 180
Acid Blue 120
Acid Blue 127: 1 I Sandolan Walk Blue N-GLN 180
Acid Blue 129 I Midlon Permanent Blue E
Acid Blue 138 1 Carbolan Blue B
Acid Blue 139 I Carbolan Blue 2R
Acid Blue 147 based I Lissamine Blue FFN
Acid Blue 147 based | Xylene Cyanol FF
Acid Blue 15 I Coomasie Blue FF
Acid Blue 158 1 Chromolan Blue GG 200
Acid Blue 161
Acid Blue 182 I Sandolan Blue E-HRL
Acid Blue 185 | Turquoise Blue 5G
Acid Blue 193
Acid Blue 215 1 Uniblue Sodium
Acid Blue 93 based I Cotton Blue
Acid Blue 220 | Supramin Blue FRW
Acid Blue 228 | Alphanol Fast Turquoise Blue SW Acid Blue 24 Acilan Brilliant Blue R
Acid Blue 25 Lissamine Blue RB
Acid Blue 281 Alphanol Fast Blue 2R
Acid Blue 29
Acid Blue 317 Bestalan Navy S-G
Acid Blue 350 SynoAcid Blue N-BF
Acid Blue 352 Boruta
Acid Blue 40 based Rybanyl Blue EL 2G
Acid Blue 40 based Lissamine Blue 2G
Acid Blue 41 Eg acide Blue BRL 200
Acid Blue 45 Lissamine Blue B
Acid Blue 62
Acid Blue 7 Acid Turquoise Blue 100 %
Acid Blue 78 Eg acide Blue B
Acid Blue 80
Acid Blue 83 Brilliant Blue R
Acid Blue 9 based Erioglaucine ABU 9 SF
Acid Blue 9 based Ink Green 15N
Acid Blue 90 Supranol Cyanine G
Acid Blue 92 Coomasie Blue RL
Acid Blue 93 based Ink Blue BJTN
Acid Blue 93 based Ink Pink Blue RA
Acid Blue 93 based Duasyn Ink Blue SLK
Acid Blue 93: 1 Duasyn Ink Blue 2R
Acid Brown 19 Ostalan Brown BL
Acid Brown 214 Korostan Brown RT
Acid Brown 235 Korostan Brown DGR
Acid Brown 282 Bestalan Brown S-G
Ostalan Brown 5RLN
Acid Brown 355
Acid Brown 365
Acid Brown 427 based Levaderm Light Brown N (liquid)
Acid Brown 427 based Levaderm Light Brown N (dried)
Acid Brown 75 Korostan Brown ER 40 TEK.
Acid Green 1 Naphthol Green B
Acid Green 108: 1
Acid Green 12 Chromolan Green BL
Acid Green 16 Acid Green W
Acid Green 20 E gacide Black HG
Acid Green 25 Alizarine Brilliant Green G
Acid Green 27 Rybacid Green BG
Acid Green 3 Lissamine Green G
Acid Green 43 Ostalan Green GL
Acid Green 73 Bestalan Oliv S-G
Acid Orange 10 Naphthalene Fast Orange 2GS
Acid Orange 142 based Rylan Orange R
Acid Orange 142 based Basantol Orange 273
Acid Orange 154 Bestalan Orange S-2R Acid Orange 172 | Levaderm Orange N (liquid)
Acid Orange 172 | Levaderm Orange N (dried)
Acid Orange 173 based | Ostalan Orange RL
Acid Orange 19 | Egacide Red GG
Acid Orange 20 | Orange GGN
Acid Orange 3 | Anthralan Yellow RRT
Acid Orange 51
Acid Orange 52 | Methyl Orange
Acid Orange 63
Acid Orange 67 | SynoAcid Yellow N-3RF
Acid Orange 7 based | Special Orange H
Acid Orange 7 based | Orange II
Acid Orange 74 | Chromolan Orange G 200
Acid Red 1 based
Acid Red 101 1 Azocarmime
Acid Red 106
Acid Red 112 1 Ponceau S extra
Acid Red | Alphanol Fast Red R
Acid Red 118 I Rybanyl Red NB
Acid Red 14 I Carmoisine
Acid Red 150 I Ponceau SS
Acid Red 151
Acid Red 17
Acid Red 176 | Chromotrope 2B
Acid Red 18 based I Ponceau 4R
Acid Red 18 based I Basacid Red 400 E
Acid Red 195 I Chromolan Pink BE 200
Acid Red 2 | Methyl Red
Acid Red 213 I Ostalan Bordo GRL
Acid Red 257
Acid Red 29
Acid Red 299 | Rybacid Red
Acid Red 315 I Bestalan Red S-G
Acid Red 336 | SynoAcid Red N-2RF
Acid Red 35
Acid Red 37
Acid Red 4
Acid Red 42 I Anthralan Red B
Acid Red 432 | Rylan Red 2B
Acid Red 433
Acid Red 44 | Crystal Scarlet 6R
Acid Red 51 | Erythrosine based
Acid Red 52 I Acid Rhodamine B-SF
Acid Red 66
Acid Red 73 I Acid Brilliant Croceine MOO
Acid Red 8
Acid Red 81 I Anthralan Red BBT
Acid Red 87 based I Eosine Y Acid Red 87 based I Ink Red 4N
Acid Red 88
Acid Red 92
Acid Red 97
Acid Violet 1
Acid Violet 126 I Sanolin Violet E2R
Acid Violet 13
Acid Violet 17 I Acid Violet 4BH-SF
Acid Violet 19 I Acid Fuchsin
Acid Violet 34
Acid Violet 47 I Sandolan Fast Violet P-3RL
Acid Violet 48 based I Triacid Violet 4BN
Acid Violet 48 based I Sanolin Violet FBL
Acid Violet 49 I Acid Violet 6B
Acid Violet 5
Acid Violet 58 based I Chromolan Violet R
Acid Violet 7 based
Acid Violet 7 based | Egacide Red 6B
Acid Violet 9
Acid Violet 90
Acid Violet 92
Acid Yellow 1 | Naphtol Yellow
Acid Yellow 1 1 | Egacide Yellow G 140
Acid Yellow 1 16 1 Ostalan Yellow GRL
Acid Yellow 184 I Sanolin Flavine 8GZ
Acid Yellow 194
Acid Yellow 220 I Bestalan Yellow S-2G
Acid Yellow 25 | Egacide Yellow R
Acid Yellow 250
Acid Yellow 252
Acid Yellow 34
Acid Yellow 36 | Egacide Yellow M
Acid Yellow 38
Acid Yellow 40 | Rybanyl Yellow NL 5G
Acid Yellow 49 | Supracen Yellow GR
Acid Yellow 5 | Basacid Yellow 099 (liquid)
Acid Yellow 5 | Basacid Yellow 099 (dried)
Acid Yellow 61 I Midlon Permanent Yellow E
Acid Yellow 65
Acid Yellow 7 | Brilliant Sulpho Flavin FF
Acid Yellow 73 based I Fluoresceine LT
Acid Yellow 73 based I Uranine K
Acid Yellow 76
Acid Yellow 99 I Chromolan Yellow GR 150
Acid Blue | Alphanol Fast Blue FBL
Acid Blue | Alphanol Fast Blue HFL
Acid Red | Alphanol Fast Brilliant Red BL
Acid Brown | Alphanol Fast Brown 3GL Acid Brown Alphanol Fast Brown BC
Acid Green Alphanol Fast Green GWA
Acid Red Alphanol Fast Red 5B
Acid Violet Alphanol Fast Violet FR
Acid Yellow 42 based Alphanol Fast Yellow F
Acid Yellow Alphanol Fast Yellow GG
Acid Yellow Amido Flavine FFP
Acid Red Anthralan Red HGG
Acid Red 1 based Azophloxine
Acid Red 114 based Basacryl Brilliant Red BG
Acid Brown Coranil Brown HEMR
Acid Yellow Egacide Yellow 3GL
Acid Yellow Fast Yellow AB
Acid Black Levaderm Black Brown N (liquid)
Acid Black Levaderm Black Brown N (dried)
Acid Black Levaderm Black N (liquid)
Acid Black Levaderm Black N (dried)
Acid Blue Levaderm Blue FLN (liquid)
Acid Blue Levaderm Blue FLN (dried)
Acid Orange 173 based Ostalan Orange RLN
Acid Orange 60 Ostalan Orange RL-P
Acid Green Sandolan Green MF-BL
Acid Red Sandolan Walk Red N-FBL 150
Acid Dye Sandolin Cyan
Acid Dye Sandolin Cyan
Acid Dye Scarlatto Brilliant Per Lana LC
Acid Yellow Special Yellow N-S
Acid Orange 5 Tropaeolin OO
Basic Yellow Amido Yellow 3GL
Basic Blue Basacryl Blue FR
Basic Blue Basacryl Blue X3 GL
Basic Blue 102 Crypur Blue GL
Basic Blue 11 Victoria Blue R
Basic Blue 12
Basic Blue 147 | Astrazon Blue F2RL (liquid)
Basic Blue 147 Astrazon Blue F2RL (dried)
Basic Blue 17 Toluidine Blue 0
Basic Blue 26 based Victoria Blue B
Basic Blue 26 based Victoria Blue BB-XX6 non dedus
Basic Blue 3 based Basacryl Blue Green X-5G
Basic Blue 41
Basic Blue 47
Basic Blue 52 Astra Blue 3R
Basic Blue 56 Astra Blue G
Basic Blue 6
Basic Blue 62 Astrazon Blue 5RL
Basic Blue 66
Basic Blue 69 Astrazon Blue FRR (liquid) Basic Blue 69 Astrazon Blue FRR (dried)
Basic Blue 7 Basonyl Blue 636
Basic Blue 9 Methylene Blue
Basic Blue 95 Remacryl Blue B
Basic Brown 1 Bismarck Brown
Basic Brown 4 Bismarck Brown R
Basic Green 1 Brilliant Green
Basic Green 4 Malachite Green
Basic Green 5 Methylene Green
Basic Orange 1 : 1
Basic Orange 12
Basic Orange 2 based Chrysoidine Y
Basic Orange 2 based Chrysoidine
Basic Orange 21
Basic Orange 22
Basic Orange 27 based
Basic Orange 50 Crypur Orange GL
Basic Red 1 Rhodamine 6G
Basic Red 1 : 1 Basonyl Red 485
Basic Red 11 Rhodamine S
Basic Red 115 Astrazon Red F2BL
Basic Red 12 Astra Phloxine G
Basic Red 13 Astrazon Pink FG
Basic Red 14 Basacryl Red X 4G
Basic Red 18 Crypur Red GTL
Basic Red 2 Safranin T
Basic Red 22 Astrazon Red F3BL (liquid)
Basic Red 22 Astrazon Red F3BL (dried)
Basic Red 29
Basic Red 37
Basic Red 46 Anilan Red GRL
Basic Red 5 Neutral Red
Basic Red 9 Fuchsin
Basic Violet 1 based Methyl violet 2B
Basic Violet 1 based Basonyl Violet 600
Basic Violet 10 based Rhodamine B
Basic Violet 10 based Basonyl Red 540
Basic Violet 11 : 1 Basonyl Red 560
Basic Violet 14 based Basic Fuchsin Hydrochloride
Basic Violet 14 based Basic Fuchsin
Basic Violet 20 Astrazon Violet FRR
Basic Violet 21 Astrazon Violet F3RL
Basic Violet 3
Basic Violet 3 Gentian Violet
Basic Violet 35 Basacryl Violet XFL
Basic Violet 4
Basic Violet 7 Astrazon Red 6B (liquid)
Basic Violet 7 Astrazon Red 6B (dried) Basic Yellow 1
Basic Yellow 13 Astrazon Yellow 8GL
Basic Yellow 21 Astrazon Yellow 7GLL
Basic Yellow 28 Anilan Golden Yellow GL
Basic Yellow 29 Astrazon Yellow GRL (liquid)
Basic Yellow 29 Astrazon Yellow GRL (dried)
Basic Yellow 37 Basonyl Yellow 105
Basic Yellow 40 Maxilon Flavine 10 GFF
Basic Yellow 49 Basacryl Yellow X-RL
Basic Yellow 51 Astrazon Yellow 5GL
Basic Yellow 62 Crypur Yellow 5GL
Basic Yellow 63 Astrazon Yellow 8GSL
Basic Yellow 65 Basacryl Yellow X2 GL
Basic Yellow 76 Astrazon Brilliant Flavine GFL
Direct Black 112 Celasol Grau BGL 167%
Direct Black 161 Chlorazol Black 2G (liquid)
Direct Black 161 Chlorazol Black 2G (dried)
Direct Black 167 Paper Black G (liquid)
Direct Black 167 Paper Black G (dried)
Direct Black 168 Duasyn Direct Black HEF SF (liquid)
Direct Black 168 Duasyn Direct Black HEF SF (dried)
Direct Black 17 Azogen Black D
Direct Black 19 Chlorazol Black BV
Direct Black 22 Inodir Black VSF
Direct Black 4 Diazol Black ER Quadruple
Direct Black 80
Direct Black 9 Direct Black FF
Direct Blue 1 Chicago Blue 6B
Direct Blue 106 Saturn Blue LB 200
Direct Blue 120 Azogen Blue BR
Direct Blue 14 Paper Blue S (liquid)
Direct Blue 14 Paper Blue S (dried)
Direct Blue 162 Rybantin Blue RLL
Direct Blue 199 based Sirius Light Turquoise Blue FBLL
Direct Blue 199 based Inodir Turquoise Blue JRL
Direct Blue 199 based Bayscript Cyan BA
Direct Blue 200 Celasol Blue NGL 200%
Direct Blue 218 Celasol Blue 7GL
Direct Blue 293 Inodir Blue 2G
Direct Blue 299
Direct Blue 41
Direct Blue 67
Direct Blue 71 Inodir Blue RL
Direct Blue 78 Celasol Blue 4GL 250%
Direct Blue 85
Direct Blue 86 based Alphanol Fast Turquoise Blue GL
Direct Blue 86 based Inodir Turquoise Blue FBLL
Direct Blue 86 based Durazol Turquoise G Direct Brown 103 I Celasol Braun BL
Direct Brown 1 12
Direct Brown 1 15 1 Saturn Brown L2G
Direct Brown 218 1 Saturn Brown L2R
Direct Brown 229 I Inodir Brown BRLL
Direct Green 26 based
Direct Green 26 based I Inodir Green BL
Direct Green 28
Direct Green 97
Direct Orange 102
Direct Orange 26
Direct Orange 31
Direct Orange 37
Direct Orange 39 | Inodir Orange 2GL
Direct Orange 40
Direct Orange 46 | Celasol Orange 7GL 143%
Direct Red 2 | Benzopurpurin 4B
Direct Red 224 I Inodir Scarlet F2G
Direct Red 227 I CelaDirect Brilliant Pink B
Direct Red 23 I CelaDirect Scarlet 4BS
Direct Red 243 I Inodir Red BWS
Direct Red 254 I Levacell Red 8B
Direct Red 255 based | Paper Scarlet 4BF
Direct Red 255 based | Levacell Scarlet 4BF (dried)
Direct Red 28 | Congo Red
Direct Red 48
Direct Red 75
Direct Red 76 I Saturn Scarlet LGG 200
Direct Red 79
Direct Red 80 I Celasol Red 3B 200%
Direct Red 81 I Durazol Red 2B
Direct Red 83 based I Celasol Rubine 3BLN 200%
Direct Red 83 : 1 I Celasol Rubine KC-BL
Direct Red 99 I Celasol Bordo BL
Direct Violet 51
Direct Yellow 12
Direct Yellow 132 | Rybanyl Yellow N-RLT
Direct Yellow 142 I Inodir Yellow G
Direct Yellow 168 | Cartasol Yellow 3GSFN (liquid)
Direct Yellow 168 | Cartasol Yellow 3GSFN (dried)
Direct Yellow 27
Direct Yellow 28 | Duasyn Yelow R-R (liquid)
Direct Yellow 28 | Duasyn Yelow R-R (dried)
Direct Yellow 34
Direct Yellow 4 I Brilliant Yellow
Direct Yellow 44
Direct Yellow 50
Direct Yellow 59 I Primulin Direct Yellow 62
Direct Yellow 7
Direct Yellow 8
Direct Yellow 86 I Celasol Yellow NRL 150%
Direct Yellow 87 I Folan Yellow 7G
Direct Yellow 9
Disperse Blue 1
Disperse Blue 14
Disperse Blue 165 | Lumacron Blue BBLS 200%
Disperse Blue 183 | Itosperse Blue SE2R
Disperse Blue 284 | Itosperse Blue HW
Disperse Blue 291 | Itosperse Blue C5G 150%
Disperse Blue 3
Disperse Blue 366 | Itosperse Blue CRE 200%>
Disperse Blue 56 based | Ostacet Blue E-LR
Disperse Blue 56 based | Itosperse Auto Blue ABL 150%
Disperse Blue 60 | Itosperse Turquoise Blue CGLF 200%>
Disperse Blue 73 based | Synten Blue P-BGL
Disperse Blue 73 based Itosperse Blue SBG
Disperse Blue 79 based | Ostacet Blue S-G 200
Disperse Blue 79 based | Itosperse Navy CD2G 200%>
Disperse Blue 81 | Ostacet Blue E-LG
Disperse Brown 19 | Itosperse Yellow Brown HW
Disperse Orang
Disperse Orang
Disperse Orange 21 | Ostacet Orange E-R
Disperse Orange 25
Disperse Orange 29 | Itosperse Yellow Brown R 240 %
Disperse Orang
Disperse Orange 30 based
Disperse Orange 30 based | Itosperse Yellow Brown SERL 150%
Disperse Orange 30 based | Itosperse Orange ECH cone.
Disperse Orange 31 | Ostacet Orange SE-2G 180
Disperse Red 1
Disperse Red 121 | Ostacet Brilliant Red S-B
Disperse Red 13
Disperse Red 135 | Sumikaron Red S-GG 200%
Disperse Red 152 | Itosperse Red BSE 200%
Disperse Red 153 | Itosperse Scarlet 2RSE 200%
Disperse Red 167 | Lumacron Rubine 2GFL
Disperse Red 277 based
Disperse Red 277 based | Papilion Brilliant Red FFG
Disperse Red 278 | Dispersol Red 4G PC
Disperse Red 343 | Itosperse Red F3BS 150%
Disperse Red 356 | Itosperse Red THW
Disperse Red 374
Disperse Red 5
Disperse Red 54 | Ostacet Scarlet S-L2G Disperse Red 60 based | Ostacet Brilliant Red E-LB
Disperse Red 60 based | Itosperse Red RAP (L)
Disperse Red 72 | Ostacet Red S-LR
Disperse Red 73 based | Ostacet Rubine SE-LB 150
Disperse Red 73 based | Lumacron Rubine GL 200%
Disperse Violet 1 | Ostacet Violet PR
Disperse Violet 26 | Itosperse Bordeaux 2R 160%
Disperse Violet 77 | Sumikaron Violet S-4RL cone.
Disperse Yellow 1 | Synten Yellow P 2R
Disperse Yellow 119 | Itosperse Yellow C5G 200%
Disperse Yellow 184: 1 | Itosperse Brilliant Yellow 10GN 200%
Disperse Yellow 192 | Sumikaron Yellow SE-RPD
Disperse Yellow 23 | Ostacet Yellow E-L5R
Disperse Yellow 3
Disperse Yellow 42 | Ostacet Yellow SE-LG
Disperse Yellow 5 | Synten Yellow P-5G
Disperse Yellow 60 | Ostacet Yellow E-LR
Disperse Yellow 7
Disperse Yellow 82
Disperse Yellow 9
Disperse Red | Itosperse Auto Red A2G
Disperse Blue 77 | Itosperse Blue HW
Disperse Black | Itosperse Black SERN 300%
Disperse Blue | Itosperse Blue RAP (L)
Disperse Orange | Itosperse Brilliant Orange FGR
Disperse Dye | Itosperse Crimson HW
Disperse Blue | Itosperse Navy HW
Disperse Dye | Itosperse Navy SEEN 300%
Disperse Red | Itosperse Red EHW
Disperse Red | Itosperse Rubine HW
Disperse Yellow | Itosperse Yellow RAP (L)
Disperse Yellow | Itosperse Yellow XFE
Mix C.I.Disp..Blue 56 + Blue | Sumikaron Blue SE-RPD
Mix C.I.Disp..Blue 56 + Violet | Sumikaron Blue E-RPD
Mix C.I.Disp..Blue 79 + Blue | Sumikaron Dark Blue SE-RPD
Mix C.I.Disp..Orange 30 + Yellow | Sumikaron Orange SE-RPD
Mix C.I.Disp..Red 360 + Red | Sumikaron Rubine SE-RPD
Mix C.I.Disp..Red 60 + Red | Sumikaron Red E-RPD
Mix C.I.Disp..Red 60 + Red | Sumikaron Red SE-RPD
Mix C.I.Disp..Yellow 54 + Yellow | Sumikaron Yellow E-RPD
Disperse Red | Ostalan Scarlet S
Disperse Dye Mixed | Sumikaron Blue S-RPD
Disperse Dye Mixed | Sumikaron Red S-RPD
Disperse Dye Mixed | Sumikaron Yellow S-RPD
Fluorescent Brightener | Blancophor Sample A
Fluorescent Brightener | Blancophor Sample B
Fluorescent Brightener | Blancophor Sample C
Fluorescent Brightener | Rylux BSU Fluorescent Brightener 1 13 Blankophor BA-B
Fluorescent Brightener 140 Rylux VPA
Fluorescent Brightener 199 Blankophor PET
Fluorescent Brightener 220 Rylux SDE
Fluorescent Brightener 24 Tinopal 2B Whitener
Fluorescent Brightener 263 Blankophor CCB
Fluorescent Brightener 264 Blankophor BSUN
Fluorescent Brightener 353 Rylux BNU
Fluorescent Brightener 386 Blankophor DRS
Fluorescent Brightener 49 Rylux BS
Fluorescent Brightener Hostalux
Fluorescent Brightener Uvitex Sample A
Fluorescent Brightener Uvitex Sample B
Food Black 1 Brilliant Black BN
Food Blue 1 based Indigotine
Food Blue 1 based FD&C Blue 2 in Mixture
Food Blue 2 1 3rilliant Blue FCF
Food Blue 5 based Patent Blue V
Food Blue 5 based Patent Blue
Food Brown 1 Brown FK
Food Brown 3 Chocolate brown HT
Food Green 2 Lissamine Green SF
Food Green 3 Fast green FCF
Food Green 4, Acid Green 50 Green S
Food Red 1 Ponceau SX
Food Red 12
Food Red 14 1 Erythrosine based
Food Red 16 | Sudan Red G
Food Red 17 Allura Red AC
Food Red 3 Azorubine Acid Red
Food Red 5
Food Red 8 Ponceau 6R
Food Red 9 Amaranth
Food Yellow 13, Acid Yellow 3 Quinoline Yellow
Food Yellow 13: 1, Acid Yellow 3 Quinoline Yellow Lake
Food Yellow 15 Riboflavin-5 '-Phosphate
Food Yellow 3 based Orange RGL
Food Yellow 3 based FD&C Yellow 6 Aluminium Lake
Food Yellow 3 based Sunset yellow FCF
Food Yellow 1 Tartrazine
Food Yellow 5 based Yellow 2G
Food Yellow 5 based Egacide Yellow 3G
Food Yellow 8 Tropaeolin O
Food Yellow 3 based Water Orange 178759
Mordant Blue Eriochrom Blue SE
Mordant Black 11 Eriochrome Black T
Mordant Black 13
Mordant Blue 10 Gallocyanine Mordant Blue 14
Mordant Blue 29
Mordant Blue 3 Eriochrome Cyanine R
Mordant Blue 9
Mordant Brown 33 Mordant brown 33
Mordant Brown 48
Mordant Brown 6
Mordant Brown 90 Korostan Brown G 140
Mordant Green 31
Mordant Orange 1
Mordant Orange 10
Mordant Orange 6
Mordant Red 3 Alizarin S
Mordant Red 94 Eriochrom Red G
Mordant Violet 39
Mordant Violet 5
Mordant Yellow 1 Alizarine Yellow GG
Mordant Yellow 10
Mordant Yellow 12
Dye Natural Aloe
Dye Natural Gofun Shirayuki From Oyster Shells
Henna Red
Henna Red
Indigo Red- Violet
Dye Natural Lycopodium
Natural Black 1 Logwood, pieces
Natural Brown 11 Bistre
Natural Brown 3 Catechu
Natural Brown 7 Walnut Hulls
Natural Orange 2 . Resina Kamala
Natural Orange L Annatto Seeds
Natural Red 20 Alkanet
Natural Red 22 Sandalwood
Natural Red 24 Redwood, Brazilwood
Natural Red 25 | Lac Dye
natural Red 28 < Drcein
Natural Red 31 Dragon's Blood IYDAHA
Natural Red 8 Madder Lake
Natural Red 9 Madder Lake
Natural Violet 1 Tyrian Purple
Natural Yellow 11 Yellow Wood
Natural Yellow 2 . Reseda Lemon
Natural Yellow 24 based Pipe Gamboge
Dye Natural Reseda
Dye Natural Safflower
Dye Natural Wild Saffron
Pigment Japanese Amazonite HAKUSUI-MATSU
Pigment Mineral Aragonite Pigment Historic Atacamite
Pigment Historic Atramentum
Pigment Mineral Basalt Powder Black
Pigment Glimmer Biotite Fine
Blue Bice
Blue Verditer
Pigment Earth Bohemian Green Earth, imitation
Bristol Yellow pale
Brown Earth from Otranto
Pigment Mineral Brown Ochre from Elba
Burel Mn02
Burgundy Red Ochre Deep
Burgundy Yellow Ochre
Carmine Red
Pigment Mineral Cavansite
Pigment Inorganic Colorona Magenta Pearl Pigment
Pigment Mineral Conichalcite
Copper Blue
Pigment Mineral Copper Resinate
Pigment Mineral Diamond Powder
Dragon's Blood, powder
Pigment Inorganic Fepren, FexOy based
Pigment Glitter Fish Silver Powder
Fluorescent pigment, White
Fuchsite
Garnet Powder Red
Pigment Japanese Garnet SEKURA-NEZUMI
Han-Blue Fine
Pigment Historic Han-Purple
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 110 Fine Satin
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 205 Rutile Platinum Gold
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 210 Red Pearl
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 219 Rutile Lilac Pearl
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 300 Gold pearls
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 321 Gold
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 355 Glitter Gold
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 440 Colibri Blue Green
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 504 Red
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin 530 Glitter Bronze
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin Color B Ti 100
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin Color G Ti 100
Pigment Inorganic Iriodin Ti 100
Pigment Earth Iseo Brown
Pigment Historic Ivory Black
Pigment Mineral Jade
Pigment Earth Jarosite
Pigment Mineral Jarosite
Lead Tin Yellow deep, CI 77629 Madder Lake Deep
Malachite
Pigment Japanese Malachite MATSUBA-ROKUSYOU
Manganese Black
Pigment White 20 Muscovite Mica
Pigment Inorganic Nacrelon R20
Pigment Inorganic Nacrelon S10
Natural Red 4 Cochenille
Pigment Mineral Nero Bernino
Nicosia Green
Phosphorescent pigment, Blue
Phthalocyanine Green
Pigment Black 10 Asphaltum
Pigment Black 18 Pencil Clay
Pigment Black 19 Slate Grey neutral
Pigment Black 26 Spinel Black
Pigment Black 9 Ivory Black
Pigment Blue 15 based PhthaloBlue
Pigment Blue 15 based
Pigment Blue 15 based Bayscript Cyan VPSP (dried)
Pigment Blue 15: 1
Pigment Blue 15:2
Pigment Blue 15:3
Pigment Blue 15:6 Phthalo Blue Reddish
Pigment Blue 27 Prussian Blue
Pigment Blue 28 Cobalt Blue Dark, light Greenish hue
Pigment Blue 29 based Aquapasta Blue 29 (dried)
Pigment Blue 29 based Ultramarine Blue
Pigment Blue 30 based Azurite Gunjyou
Pigment Blue 30 based Azurite Natural
Pigment Blue 31 Egyptian Blue
Pigment Blue 32 Smalt, standard grind
Pigment Blue 35 Cobalt Blue Light
Pigment Blue 36 based Cobalt Blue, Greenish
Pigment Blue 36 based Cobalt Blue Turquoise Dark
Pigment Blue 71 Zirconium Cerulean Blue
Pigment Blue 74 Cobalt Blue Dark
Pigment Brown 23 Gubbio Red
Pigment Brown 24 based Titanium Orange
Pigment Brown 24 based Sicotan Yellow K2011
Pigment Brown 25
Pigment Brown 33 Zinc-Iron Chrome Brown
Pigment Brown 6 Ariabel Mocha
Pigment Brown 7 Pompei Red
Pigment Brown 8 Manganese Brown Intense
Pigment Green 14 Cadmium Green Dark
Pigment Green 17 based Haematite-Chrome Oxide
Pigment Green 17 based Haematite-Chrome Oxide Pigment Green 17 based Chrome Oxide Green
Pigment Green 17 based Ariabel Olive
Pigment Green 18 Viridian Green
Pigment Green 19 Cobalt Green bluish A
Pigment Green 23 Green Earth
Pigment Green 24 Ultramarine Green, genuine
Pigment Green 26 Cobalt Oxide Green Blue
Pigment Green 36 Heliogen Green K 9360
Pigment Green 50 Cobalt Bottle Green
Pigment Green 7 Heliogen Green L 8730
Pigment Orange 13 Vynamon Orange G FW
Pigment Orange 36
Pigment Orange 48 Cinquasia Gold, Red-gold
Pigment Orange 49 Cinquasia Gold, brown-gold
Pigment Orange 5 Hansa Red GG
Pigment Orange 51 Paliogen Orange
Pigment Orange 59 Paliotol Orange
Pigment Orange 60 Hostaperm Orange HGL
Pigment Orange 61 Isoindo lor Orange
Pigment Orange 62
Pigment Orange 67 Levanyl Orange RNLF (liquid)
Pigment Orange 67 Levanyl Orange RNLF (dried)
Pigment Orange 68
Pigment Orange 69 Pyranthrone Orange
Pigment Red 1
Pigment Red 101 Iron Oxide Red 130 B
Pigment Red 102 Haematite
Pigment Red 105 Red Lead
Pigment Red 107 Antimony Red
Pigment Red 108 Cadmium Red no. 2 medium
Pigment Red 112
Pigment Red 12 Mono lite Rubine 2R
Pigment Red 122
Pigment Red 144
Pigment Red 146 based
Pigment Red 146 based Renol Carmine FBB-HW
Pigment Red 149
Pigment Red 166 CPT - Scarlet Red
Pigment Red 168 Scarlet Red
Pigment Red 170
Pigment Red 175 Purple-Red
Pigment Red 176
Pigment Red 177 Cromophtal Red A2B
Pigment Red 179 Perrindo Maroon R-6424
Pigment Red 184 Hostafine Rubine F6B (liquid)
Pigment Red 184 Hostafine Rubine F6B (dried)
Pigment Red 188
Pigment Red 194 Permanent Red dark Pigment Red 2
Pigment Red 206 Cinquasia chestnut brown
Pigment Red 208 based
Pigment Red 208 based Hostaprint Red HF2B
Pigment Red 210
Pigment Red 214
Pigment Red 221 Cromophtal Red 2B
Pigment Red 23 Irgalit Red RBS 2344
Pigment Red 233 Pinkcolor Deep
Pigment Red 254 based XSL Irgazin Red DPP
Pigment Red 254 based Irgazin DPP Red BO
Pigment Red 255 Irgazin Scarlet DPP EK
Pigment Red 259 Ultramarine Red
Pigment Red 264
Pigment Red 3
Pigment Red 4
Pigment Red 4: 1 Carmine Naccarat
Pigment Red 48:3
Pigment Red 48:5 Irgalith Red MGP 2344
Pigment Red 57: 1 Pigment Rubine
Pigment Red 7 Permanent Red
Pigment Red 8
Pigment Red 83 Alizarine Crimson dark
Pigment Red 88 Thioindigoid Red
Pigment Red 9
Pigment Violet 14 Cobalt Violet Dark
Pigment Violet 15 Ultramarine Violet Medium
Pigment Violet 16 Manganese Violet
Pigment Violet 19 based Permajet Red E5B
Pigment Violet 19 based Hostaperm Red
Pigment Violet 19 liquid Aquapasta Violet 19
Pigment Violet 23
Pigment Violet 37 based Microlith Violet
Pigment Violet 37 based Dioxazine Violet
Pigment Violet 49 1 Cobalt Violet Brilliant Light
Pigment White 1 Flake White
Pigment White 19 China Clay
Pigment White 25 Marienglas
Pigment White 5 Lithopone
Pigment White 6 based Multiplas White MP 1009
Pigment White 6 based Sandosperse White E-TD
Pigment White 6 based Titanium Dioxide
Pigment Yellow 1
Pigment Yellow 1 : 1 Monolite Yellow 2RE HD (liquid)
Pigment Yellow 1 : 1 Monolite Yellow 2RE HD (dried)
Pigment Yellow 101 Lumogen Yellow S 0790
Pigment Yellow 108 Pyramid-Yellow medium
Pigment Yellow 109 Isoindole Yellow Pigment Yel low 119 Zinc-Iron Brown Dark
Pigment Yel low 126 Permanent Yellow DGR
Pigment Yel low 127 Permanent Yellow GRL
Pigment Yel low 128
Pigment Yel low 129 Irgazin Yellow, Greenish
Pigment Yel low 13 Hostafme Yellow GR (liquid)
Pigment Yel low 13 Hostafme Yellow GR (dried)
Pigment Yel low 138
Pigment Yel low 139
Pigment Yel low 147
Pigment Yel low 150
Pigment Yel low 151
Pigment Yel low 155
Pigment Yel low 159 Intensive Yellow
Pigment Yel low 16 Flexonyl Yellow NCG-LA (liquid)
Pigment Yel low 16 Flexonyl Yellow NCG-LA (dried)
Pigment Yel low 17 based Helio Fast Yellow GGP
Pigment Yel low 17 based Hostavinyl Yellow GG DL CU 005
Pigment Yel low 173 Isoindolinon Yellow
Pigment Yel low 180 Permajet Yellow HG
Pigment Yel low 183 Paliotol Yellow K2270 VPL 2269
Pigment Yel low 184 Bismuth- Vanadate Yellow Lemon
Pigment Yel low 185
Pigment Yel low 191
Pigment Yel low 194
Natural Yell ow 24 based Gamboge
Pigment Yel low 3
Pigment Yel low 31 Baryte Yellow
Pigment Yel low 35: 1 Cadmium Yellow no. 2 very ligh
Pigment Yel low 37 Multiplas Yellow MP 1036
Pigment Yel low 37: 1 Cadmium Yellow no. 6 medium
Pigment Yel low 39 Orpiment, genuine
Pigment Yel low 4
Pigment Yel low 40 Cobalt Yellow
Pigment Yel low 41 Naples Yellow from Paris
Pigment Yel low 42 Translucent Yellow
Pigment Yel low 43 based Iron Oxide Yellow
Pigment Yel low 43 based French Ochre JTCLES
Pigment Yel low 5
Pigment Yel low 53 Sicotan Yellow K1011
Pigment Yel low 62
Pigment Yel low 74
Pigment Yel low 75
Pigment Yel low 83 based Helio Fast Yellow HRP
Pigment Yel low 83 based Hostafme Yellow HR
Pigment Yel low 93
Pigment Yel low 94
Pigment Yel low 95 Pink Coral USUKUTI-SANGO-MATSU
Ploss Blue
Pigment Mineral Pyrite Powder
Quinacridine Violet
Pigment Historic Red Coral Koikuti-Sango-Matsu
R odochrosite, CI 77748
Pigment Historic Sodalite
Pigment Japanese Sodalite SHIUN-MATSU
Taunus Ochre, light
Pigment Earth Terra Ercolano
Pigment Japanese Tiger-Eye TYOUJICHA
Pigment Inorganic Timiron Pearl Pigment Light Blue
Tourmaline DENKISEKI-MATSU
Turmeric Powder
Turquoise, sky-Blue
Ultramarine Ash
Verdigris, Copper(II) Acetate Hydrate
Pigment Glitter Vermiculite
Verona Green Earth with Virid
Pigment Mineral Vesuvianite
Pigment Historic Vivianite
Mix C.I.Reactive Black 5 Sumireact Jet Black S-PX
Reactive Black 31
Reactive Black 5 based Synozol Deep Black HB
Reactive Black 5 based Sumifix Black B 150%
Reactive Black 5 based Sumifix Black EX(A)
Reactive Black 8 Ostazin Black H-N
Reactive Blue 109 Ostazin Blue S-2G
Reactive Blue 182 Cibacron Blue F-R
Reactive Blue 19 based Sumifix Supra Blue E-XF
Reactive Blue 19 based Sumifix Brilliant Blue R gr.
Reactive Blue 2
Reactive Blue 203 Itofix Navy Blue VSGG 133%
Reactive Blue 21 based Ostazin Turquoise V-2G
Reactive Blue 21 based Sumifix Turquoise Blue G(N) cone.
Reactive Blue 220 Sumifix Brilliant Blue BB 133%
Reactive Blue 221 Sumifix Supra Blue BRF 150%
Reactive Blue 222 based
Reactive Blue 222 based Sumifix Supra Navy Blue 3GF 150%
Reactive Blue 222 based Sumifix Supra Navy Blue BF
Reactive Blue 222 based Sumifix Supra Deep Blue E-XF
Reactive Blue 231 Sumifix Supra Turquoise Blue BGF
Reactive Blue 234 Ostazin Navy Blue H-5R
Reactive Blue 268 Cibacron Blue FN-G
Reactive Blue 38 Inozin Brilliant Green V-6B 90%
Reactive Blue 4 Ostazin Brilliant Blue S-R
Reactive Blue 49
Reactive Blue 89 Inozin Dunkel Blau V-HR Reactive Brown 1 1
Reactive Brown 18 Inozin Brown V-GR
Reactive Brown 2 Ostazin Brown H-4GR
Reactive Green 8 ( )stazin Olive H-G
Reactive Orange 10 7 Sumifix Golden Yellow RNL 133%
Reactive Orange 1 1 1 Ostazin Brown S-2G
Reactive Orange 12 2 Inozin Brilliant Orange 2R-FS
Reactive Orange 13 Ostazin Brilliant Orange H-2R
Reactive Orange 13 3 Cibacron Orange F-BR
Reactive Orange 16 Sumifix Brilliant Orange 3R 135%
Reactive Orange 5 Ostazin Brilliant Orange H-G
Reactive Orange 56 Sumifix Brilliant Orange GRS
Reactive Orange 72 Ostazin Brilliant Orange V-3G
Reactive Orange 86 Ostazin Yellow S-3R
Reactive Orange 91 Cibacron Yellow F-3R
Reactive Red 180 Brilliant Red R-Cl
Reactive Red 195 Sumifix Supra Brilliant Red 3BF 150%
Reactive Red 198 Itofix Red VSRB 133%
Reactive Red 2 Ostazin Brilliant Red S-5B
Reactive Red 21 S umifix Brilliant Red BB 150%
Reactive Red 222 Sumifix Supra Scarlet 2GF 150%
Reactive Red 223 Sumifix Supra Brilliant Red GF 150%
Reactive Red 23 Synozol Red 3B
Reactive Red 238 Cibacron Red C-R
Reactive Red 24: 1 based Ostazin Brilliant Red H-B
Reactive Red 24: 1 based Basacid Red 495 (liquid)
Reactive Red 24: 1 based Basacid Red 495 (dried)
Reactive Red 4
Reactive Red 49 Ii lozin Bordo V-B
Reactive Violet 1 ( Dstazin Brilliant Violet H-3R
Reactive Violet 5 '. nozin Violett V-5R 200%
Reactive Yellow 1 Ostazin Brilliant Yellow S-6G
Reactive Yellow 145 based Sumifix Supra Yellow 3RF 150%
Reactive Yellow 145 based Sumifix Supra Yellow E-XF
Reactive Yellow 145 based Sumifix Supra Yellow Brown E-XF
Reactive Yellow 15 Sumifix Yellow GR 150%
Reactive Yellow 160 Synozol Yellow 4GL
Reactive Yellow 167 Sumifix Supra Brilliant Yellow 3GF 150%
Reactive Yellow 3 Ostazin Yellow H-A 120
Reactive Yellow 37 Sumifix Yellow 2GL 150%
Reactive Yellow 7 Ostazin Yellow S-GR
Reactive Yellow 81
Reactive Dye Sumifix HF Blue 2R
Reactive Dye Sumifix HF Blue BG
Reactive Dye Sumifix HF Dark Blue BR
Reactive Dye Sumifix HF Navy 2G
Reactive Dye Sumifix HF Red 2B
Reactive Dye Sumifix HF Red 4B Reactive Dye | Sumifix HF Red G
Reactive Dye | Sumifix HF Yellow 3R
Reactive Yellow 186 I Sumifix HF Yellow 5GL
Reactive Dye | Sumifix Supra Brown RNF
Reactive Dye | Sumifix Supra Crimson E-XF
Reactive Dye | Sumifix Supra Lemon Yellow E-XF
Reactive Dye | Sumifix Supra Red 4BNF 150%
Reactive Dye | Sumifix Supra Rubine E-XF
Reactive Dye | Sumifix Supra Scarlet E-XF
Reactive Dye | Sumifix Supra Sky Blue S-PX
Reactive Dye | Synozol Blue CP
Reactive Dye | Synozol Blue -HL
Reactive Dye | Synozol Brilliant Blue K-RL cone.
Reactive Dye | Synozol Brilliant Orange K-R
Reactive Dye | Synozol Brilliant Red CP-F
Reactive Dye | Synozol Brilliant Red K-3G
Reactive Dye | Synozol Brilliant Yellow CP-F
Reactive Dye | Synozol Deep Red HB
Reactive Dye | Synozol Grey K-HL
Reactive Blue 250 | Synozol N/Blue HB
Reactive Dye | Synozol Red CP-HL
Reactive Dye | Synozol Red HB
Reactive Dye | Synozol Red K-BD cone.
Reactive Dye | Synozol Red K-GD cone.
Reactive Dye | Synozol Red K-HL
Reactive Dye | Synozol Violet K-HL
Reactive Dye | Synozol Yellow CP-LP
Reactive Dye | Synozol Yellow HB
Reactive Dye | Synozol Yellow HF-4GL 150%
Reactive Dye | Synozol Yellow K-BD cone.
Reactive Dye | Synozol Yellow K-HL
Reactive Dye | Tulactiv Red 4B XLE
Solvent Red I Alcovar Fire Red GN
Solvent Yellow I Alcovar Yellow RN
Solvent Green I Oilsol Green CS
Solvent Black 27 | Savinyl Black NS
Solvent Black 29 based I Bricosol Black NBC
Solvent Black 29 based | Neozapon Schwarz X55
Solvent Black 3 I Sudan Black B
Solvent Black 37
Solvent Black 45 | Savinyl Black RLSN
Solvent Black 46 | Spectrasol black 46
Solvent Black 48 | Morfast Black 101 (liquid)
Solvent Black 48 | Morfast Black 101 (dried)
Solvent Black 7 | Nigrosin Base
Solvent Blue 129 | Morfast Blue 100 (liquid)
Solvent Blue 129 | Morfast Blue 100 (dried)
Solvent Blue 14 Solvent Blue 25 Alcovar Blue HD Extra
Solvent Blue 26 Alcovar Blue FLH
Solvent Blue 35
Solvent Blue 36 Waxoline Blue A
Solvent Blue 37 Lampronol Blue BR
Solvent Blue 38 based Methasol Blue 2B
Solvent Blue 38 based Luxol Fast Blue MBSN
Solvent Blue 4 Neptun Blue base 627
Solvent Blue 44 Savinyl Blau GLS
Solvent Blue 45 Savinyl Blue RS
Solvent Blue 49 Irisol Fast Blue BLN
Solvent Blue 50 Irisol Fast Blue GLE
Solvent Blue 54 Astra Blue 4R (liquid)
Solvent Blue 54 Astra Blue 4R (dried)
Solvent Blue 59
Solvent Blue 63 Ceres Blue GN
Solvent Blue 64 Neptun Blue 698
Solvent Blue 66 Brilliant Blue Base SM
Solvent Blue 67 Orasol Blue GN
Solvent Blue 70 based Blue 807
Solvent Blue 70 based
Solvent Brown 1 based Ceres Brown RRN
Solvent Brown 1 based Fat Brown RR
Solvent Brown 20 Luxol Fast Brown K
Solvent Brown 43 Orasol Brown 2RL
Solvent Brown 52 Morfast Brown 100 (liquid)
Solvent Brown 52 Morfast Brown 100 (dried)
Solvent Green 20 Waxoline Green 5G
Solvent Green 28 Macrolex Green G
Solvent Green 3 Waxoline Green G
Solvent Green 7 Pyranin 120 %
Solvent Orange 11 Orasol Orange G
Solvent Orange 15 Acridine Orange hydrochloride hydrate
Solvent Orange 19 Alcovar Orange APD
Solvent Orange 2 Oilsol Orange TX
Solvent Orange 25 Luxol Fast Orange GRL
Solvent Orange 3 Neptun Orange Base 206
Solvent Orange 41 Savinyl Orange RLS
Solvent Orange 54 Neopen Orange 252
Solvent Orange 62 Lampronol Orange R
Solvent Orange 63 Hostasol Red GG
Solvent Orange 7 Oilsol Orange KB
Solvent Orange 94 Lustranyl Orange GL
Solvent Orange 99 Orasol Orange RG
Solvent Red 1 Fat Red G
Solvent Red 118 Red 471
Solvent Red 122 Savinyl Red 4GLS
Solvent Red 124 Savisol Fire Red 3 GLS (liquid) Solvent Red 124 Savisol Fire Red 3 GLS (dried)
Solvent Red 125 Spectrasol Red 125
Solvent Red 127 | Savinyl Pink 6BLS
Solvent Red 140 | Erythrosine based
Solvent Red 160 | Neozapon Red 365
Solvent Red 18 Ceres Red 3R
Solvent Red 19 Fat Red 7B
Solvent Red 20 Waxoline Red A
Solvent Red 208 Morfast Red 102 (liquid)
Solvent Red 208 Morfast Red 102 (dried)
Solvent Red 23 Sudan III
Solvent Red 24 Oilsol Red TAX
Solvent Red 27 Wax Red 5B02
Solvent Red 3 Fat Brown B
Solvent Red 30 Alcovar Scarlet CSD
Solvent Red 33 Luxol Fast Red B
Solvent Red 37 Alcovar Red BN
Solvent Red 45
Solvent Red 49 Neptun Red Base 543
Solvent Red 68 Morfast Red 101 (liquid)
Solvent Red 68 Morfast Red 101 (dried)
Solvent Red 69 Lampronol Scarlet R
Solvent Red 72
Solvent Red 8 Alcovar Red BEC
Solvent Red 83: 1 Savinyl Yellow RLS
Solvent Red 89 Savinyl Fire Red GLS
Solvent Red 91 Savinyl Red 3BLS
Solvent Violet 13 Waxoline Violet A
Solvent Violet 8 Waxoline Violet R
Solvent Yellow 1 4-Aminoazobenzene
Solvent Yellow 12 Oilsol Yellow HA
Solvent Yellow 135 Macrolex Fluorescence Yellow FP
Solvent Yellow 14 Sudan I
Solvent Yellow 143 Morfast Yellow 101 (liquid)
Solvent Yellow 143 Morfast Yellow 101 (dried)
Solvent Yellow 146 Orasol Yellow 4GN
Solvent Yellow 16 Sudan Yellow 3G
Solvent Yellow 161 Morfast Yellow 102 (liquid)
Solvent Yellow 161 Morfast Yellow 102 (dried)
Solvent Yellow 162 Neptun Yellow 075
Solvent Yellow 2 Methyl Yellow
Solvent Yellow 21 based Lampronol Yellow 2RN
Solvent Yellow 21 based Irisol Fast Yellow GRE
Solvent Yellow 3 Fast garnet GBC base
Solvent Yellow 30 Waxoline Yellow A
Solvent Yellow 33 Waxoline Yellow T
Solvent Yellow 36 Simpsol Lemon Yellow
Solvent Yellow 38 Alcovar Yellow 3G Solvent Yellow 4 a-Naphthyl red hydrochloride
Solvent Yellow 47 Luxol Fast Yellow TN
Solvent Yellow 5
Solvent Yellow 56 Oilsol Yellow DEA
Solvent Yellow 57 Lampronol Yellow J
Solvent Yellow 62 Savisol Yellow 2RLS liquid (liquid)
Solvent Yellow 62 Savisol Yellow 2RLS liquid (dried)
Solvent Yellow 7 4-Phenylazophenol
Solvent Yellow 79 Savinyl Yellow 2GLS
Solvent Yellow 82 Yellow 157
Solvent Yellow 83 Alcovar Yellow PW
Solvent Yellow 88 Orasol Yellow 2GLN
Solvent Yellow 89 Orasol Yellow 2RLN
Solvent Yellow 94 Fluorescein
Solvent Yellow 98 Hostasol Yellow 3G
Benzoin
O-ethylbenzoin
2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone
Thiabendazole
Vat Dye mixed Farbanthren Dark Blue 1155
Vat Dye mixed Farbanthren Direct Black 1188
Vat Dye mixed Farbanthren Direct Black RN
Vat Dye mixed Farbanthren Grey 1277
Vat Dye mixed Farbanthren Grey CL-N
Vat Dye Farbanthren Scarlet FB
Vat Dye NoVatic Dark Blue DB
Vat Black 16 NoVatic Grey 3B
Vat Black 25 NoVatic Olive TN
Vat Black 27 NoVatic Olive R
Vat Black 34 NoVatic Black AC
Vat Blue 1 based ndigo, Genuine Indian
Vat Blue 1 based ndigo blue
Vat Blue 16 Farbanthren Marine Blau G
Vat Blue 18 NoVatic Navy Blue RA
Vat Blue 20 | NoVatic Dark Blue BOA
Vat Blue 4 Farbanthren Blue RS
Vat Blue 5 5,5',7,7'-Tetrabromoindigo
Vat Blue 6 NoVatic Blue BC
Vat Blue 6: 1 NoVatic Blue RCL
Vat Blue 66 Farbanthren Blue CLF
Vat Brown 1 NoVatic Brown BR
Vat Brown 12
Vat Brown 3 based NoVatic Brown RN
Vat Brown 3 based NoVatic Brown G
Vat Green 1 NoVatic Green XBN
Vat Green 13 Farbanthren Olive MWN
Vat Green 3 NoVatic Olive Green B
Vat Orange 1 Farbanthren Golden Yellow RK
Figure imgf000178_0001
Alkali Blue 6B Amido Yellow R
Aminorhodamine B
Cationic Dye | Anilan Black GRN
Cationic Dye | Anilan Blue BRL
Cationic Dye | Anilan Blue GL
Cationic Dye | Anilan Brown GRL
Cationic Dye | Anilan Navy Blue RLN
Cationic Dye | Anilan Orange GRL
Cationic Dye | Anilan Red GTL
Cationic Dye | Anilan Yellow 2RL
Anthocyanins
Anthralan Yellow G
Antipyrylazo III
Aquapasta Blue 29 (liquid)
Arancio Novamina PO
Ariabel Umber
Ariavit Indigo Carmine
Arsenazo I
Arsenazo II
Arsenazo III
Azobenzene
Basacryl Navy Blue X2 RN
Basacryl Red YCN
Basacryl Yellow X7 GLS
Base MLCB 12 Green (liquid)
Base MLCB 12 Green (dried)
Base MLCB 13 Red (liquid)
Base MLCB 13 Red (dried)
Base MLCB 18 Blue (liquid)
Base MLCB 18 Blue (dried)
Mixture | Basonyl Black X-l 1
Bayderm Black A (liquid)
Bayderm Black A (dried)
Bayderm Blue A (liquid)
Bayderm Blue A (dried)
Bayderm Dark Blue A (liquid)
Bayderm Dark Blue A (dried)
Bayderm Orange A (liquid)
Bayderm Orange A (dried)
Bayderm Red A (liquid)
Bayderm Red A (dried)
Bayderm Rubine A
Bayderm Yellow A
Bayderm Yellow Brown A
Bayplast Yellow E2G
Bayscript Cyan BG (liquid)
Bayscript Cyan BG (dried)
Bayscript Cyan VPSP (liquid) Bayscript Special Red T
Bayscript Yellow CA (liquid)
Bayscript Yellow CA (dried)
Berylon II
Bismuthiol II
Black 184 Powder for Inks
Blerit GRL
Blue 10072 (liquid)
Blue 10072 (dried)
Blue 63
Blue LR Aluminium
Bone Phosphate; Phosphate Calcium Tribasic
Bromcresol Green
Bromocresol Purple
Bromophenol Blue
Bromopyrogallol Red
Bromosulfonazo III
Bromothymol Blue
Bromoxylenol Blue
Cadion; 1 -(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-(4-phenylazophenyl)triazene
Calcein
Calcium carbonate Chalk
Calconcarboxylic acid
Carbolan Blue 2G
Carbolan Blue GN
Carbonate Potassium
Carbonate Zinc Basic
Carboxyarsenazo III
Carmine 20%
Cartasol Brilliant Blue GSN
Ceres Blue R
Ceres Brown R
Cibacron Black F-2 B
Coomassie Blue SE
Cresol Red
Cresolphthalexon
Cresyl Fast Violet
Crypur Blue
Diazol Black VP
Diiodofluorescein sodium salt
Direct Catechin GS
Dispersol Yellow 7G PC (liquid)
Dispersol Yellow 7G PC (dried)
Doracryl Brilliant Red X-4GS 300%
Dry Wipe Off Blue 18-32-C2
Durazol Blue 10GP
Mixture | Egacide Black A2T
Egacide Red Egacide Red 2B
Egacide Red B
Egacide Yellow MA 135%
Eosin Methylene Blue; Wrights stain
Ethyl eosin
Flavine Acide Brill.
Fluor Brilliant Flavine BY 4X0
Fluorescence S
Fluorescence Yellow VP 386
Fluorescent Orange
Fluorescent Red
Fluorescent Violet
Fluorescent Yellow
Glycine Cresol Red
Glycinethymol Blue
Gneis Green, dried
Gold RL Aluminium
Green 82 Powder for Inks
Grelit A
Grelit E
Hostasol PV Fast Light R01
Hostavinyl Yellow GRD DL CT 005
Chlorophenol Red
Chlorophosphonazo
Chromleder Brilliant Black 2R
Mixture I Chromolan Bordo RM
Mixture I Chromolan Brown G
Mixture | Chromolan Navy Blue R
Chromolan Yellow ELN
Food Yellow 8 | Chrysoine
Chrysoine, resorcinol
Ink Black IN
Ink Black
Irisol Fast Scarlet BN
Irisol Fast Scarlet GN
Iron (III) Hydroxide
Iron (III) Oxide; Hematite
Iron Oxide Black
Isolan Black K NGL
Korostan Khaki G
Levaderm Red
Lissamine Blue 2BR
Lissamine Blue A
Lissamine Blue AR
Lissamine Blue PFN
Lissamine Red 4B
Lissamine Yellow FF
Malachite green, Sulfonate Martius Yellow
Maxilon Flavine BY-4X0
Mediosol Black AB
Mediosol Black G
Mediosol Blue L
Mediosol Navy Blue R
Methic Black GPN
Methyl Green, ZnC12 salt
Methyl Violet R
Methylthymol Blue
Acid Blue I Midlon Blue B
Midlon Green P-BS
Midlon Red GG
Midlon Red PRS
Midlon Yellow PR
Murexide
Navy Blue GGRLL for wool
Neocuproine
Neptun Black FF 4247
Nero Diretto ANBN
Nile blue A
Nussbaum Brown N
Omegachrom Brown
Orange Madder
Mixture I Ostacet Black S-B
Mixture I Ostacet Green PG
Mixture I Ostacet Red E-LG
Mixture | Ostalan Brown 2GL Supra
Ostalan Brown FS
Mixture | Ostalan Grey 2GL
Ostalan Scarlet
Mixture I Ostazin Brown HG
Ostazin Green H-3G
Ostazin Red H-6B
Ostazin Yellow Gold
Palladon
Palmer Access Violet (liquid)
Palmer Access Violet (dried)
Palmer Black (liquid)
Palmer Black (dried)
Palmer Blue (dried)
Palmer FL Red (liquid)
Palmer FL Red (dried)
Palmer Magenta (liquid)
Palmer Magenta (dried)
Palmer Orange (liquid)
Palmer Orange (dried)
Palmer Scarlet (liquid) Palmer Scarlet (dried)
Palmer Yellow (liquid)
Palmer Yellow (dried)
Palmer Yellow R (liquid)
Palmer Yellow R (dried)
Palmer Yellow YB (liquid)
Palmer Yellow YB (dried)
Pantone Rhodamine Red
Paper Black PN (liquid)
Paper Black PN (dried)
Paper Blue 6BN (liquid)
Paper Blue 6BN (dried)
Paper Light Yellow GG (liquid) Paper Light Yellow GG (dried)
Paper Orange WS (liquid)
Paper Orange WS (dried)
Paper Red 4B (liquid)
Paper Red 4B (dried)
Paper Yellow RRN (liquid)
Paper Yellow RRN (dried)
Permanent Bordo HFR DH DX 305 Phenol Red; Phenolsulfonephthalem
Phenolphthalein
Phthalostane Blue
Potassium Ferricyanide
Potassium Ferrocyanide
Potassium permanganate
Propyl Astra Blue Iodide
Pyrocatechol Violet
Pyrogallol Red
Real Red E; Echt Rot E
Red SP9 (liquid)
Red SP9 (dried)
Reflex Blue R 51
Remacryl Brilliant Red 4G
Remacryl Brilliant Red 7B
Remacryl Red 3BL
Rose bengal
Rosolic acid
Rybanyl Black GR
Salicylidene rhodanine
Savinyl Red SR 90
Silicon dioxide
Simrect Turquoise Blue
Spun Rayon Fast Black B 300
Sudan Brown BBN
Suede Skin Fast Black HN
Sulfate Copper Pentahydrate Supranol Cyanine 7BF
Synten Blue P-RL
Talc
Tetrazolium blue chloride
Thymol Blue
Thymolphthalein
Titicaca Red F-14
Turquoise methylene JSA Extra
Umbra
Variamine Blue B
Velour Black AN
Velour Black B
Velour Black BD
Verde Brilliant Per Lana GB
Victoria Blue R-5
Victoria Green G-24
Victoria Red R-47
Water Blue 180694
Mixture I Waxoline Black 5BP
Xylenol Orange
Zinc Oxide

Claims

CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. An apparatus to measure a sample, the apparatus comprising:
a sample holder to receive the sample, the sample holder comprising one or more of a spectral encoding material or a spectral encoding structure to encode a
measurement signal of the sample with a spectrally encoded signal.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a plurality of materials configured to provide a reference code and a verification code with the spectrally encoded signal.
3. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the holder comprises one or more of a support, a substrate, a waveguide, or a container.
4. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the holder comprises an optically transmissive structure to measure the sample with an evanescent wave, and
a layer on the structure, the layer comprising the spectral encoding material in order to encode the measurement signal of the sample with a spectral signal of the layer.
5. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the layer comprise an at least partially optically transmissive layer having a thickness no more than a penetration distance of the evanescent wave in order to measure the sample through the spectral encoding material.
6. An apparatus as in claim 5, wherein the layer comprises a thickness of no more than about 0.3 um.
7. An apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the layer comprises a thickness of no more than about 0.1 um.
8. An apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the layer comprises a NIST traceable polymer.
9. An apparatus as in claim 8, wherein the one or more NIST traceable polymer comprises polystyrene.
10. An apparatus as in claim 8, wherein the layer comprises two or more NIST traceable polymers.
11. An apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises an absorbance and the layer comprises a thickness dimensioned to transmit at least a portion of the light energy through the layer in order to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal with light transmitted through the layer.
12. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the structure comprises a support to receive a portion of the sample on a surface of the layer in order to measure the sample on the surface and the layer with the evanescent wave.
13. An apparatus as in claim 4, wherein the optically transmissive structure comprises a surface to receive the sample and a second surface away from the surface to receive the sample and wherein the layer comprising the spectral encoding material is located on the second surface away from the surface to receive the sample.
14. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the holder comprises a fluid, the fluid comprising the spectral encoding material.
15. An apparatus as in claim 14, wherein the fluid comprises one or more of a suspension, a gel, or a solution comprising the spectral encoding material and wherein light is transmitted into the suspension, the gel, or the solution in order to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal.
16. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a plurality of NIST traceable polymers.
17. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectrally encoded signal comprises a unique spectral identification.
18. An apparatus as in claim 17, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a plurality of NIST traceable polymer materials in a predetermined ratio in order to provide the unique spectral identification.
19. An apparatus as in claim 17, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises one or more NIST traceable polymer materials configured with one or more of stretching or heating in a predetermined configuration in order to provide the unique spectral signature.
20. An apparatus as in claim 17, wherein the unique spectral identification comprises one of about one million or more unique spectral identifications capable of being separately resolved and provided with ratios of similar spectral encoding materials.
21. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a plurality of reference spectral peaks at spectral locations away from a plurality of sample peaks of the sample.
22. An apparatus as in claim 21, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a reference material to provide a reference signal.
23. An apparatus as in claim 21, wherein the plurality of reference spectral peaks comprise identifiable reference spectral peaks in order to one or more of calibrate or verify wavelength measurements of the apparatus.
24. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a plurality of reference spectral peaks at spectral locations overlapping with a plurality of sample peaks.
25. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectral encoding material is supported with the sample holder and arranged in order to measure the sample and the spectral encoding material with a light beam of a spectrometer.
26. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the sample holder comprises an engagement structure to couple to a spectrometer.
27. An apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the engagement structure comprises a size and shape to engage a support of a spectrometer.
28. An apparatus as in claim 26, wherein the sample holder comprises a consumable single use sample holder.
29. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising:
a spectrometer to couple to the sample holder.
30. An apparatus as in claim 29, wherein the spectrometer comprises one or more optical components and a support to engage the sample holder in order to align the sample holder with the one or more optical components when the support engages the sample holder.
31. An apparatus as in claim 30, wherein the sample holder comprises a container sized to contain a solution to wash the sample and wherein the container comprises a waveguide on a lower end of the container to measure the sample with an evanescent wave of the waveguide.
32. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising:
a processor coupled to a detector to measure the sample, the processor comprising instructions to determine an identification of the holder from the spectrally encoded signal.
33. An apparatus as in claim 32, wherein the processor comprises instructions to determine a unique identification of the holder from the spectrally encoded signal of the material.
34. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the unique identification comprises a unique identification of one of a plurality of sample holders, each of the plurality of sample holders having a unique spectral encoding material in order to provide the unique
identification for said each of the plurality of sample holders.
35. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the processor, the detector and the spectral encoding material are capable of uniquely identifying the holder from a plurality of about one million holders having similar spectral encoding materials.
36. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the unique identification comprises a unique identification of one of a plurality of sample holders, each of the plurality of sample holders having a unique spectral encoding material in order to provide a unique identification for said each of the plurality of sample holders.
37. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the processor comprises instructions to record a sample measurement in response to the unique identification.
38. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the processor comprises instructions that do not enable output of the sample measurement in response to the unique identification such that the sample holder comprises a single use sample holder.
39. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a unique identification and wherein the processor comprises instructions to determine the unique identification from the spectrally encoded signal.
40. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the processor comprises instructions to compare the unique identification of the holder to one or more allowable sample holder identifications and enable one or more of measurement of the sample or output of the measurement when the unique identification is associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications and wherein the processor is configured with the instructions such that one or more of output of the measurement of the sample or measurement of the sample is not enabled when the unique identification is not associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
41. An apparatus as in claim 40, wherein the unique identification is associated with a unique spectrometer identification with one or more of a database of unique spectral identifications or a portion of the unique spectral identification.
42. An apparatus as in claim 33, wherein the processor comprises instructions to measure one or more of a red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample.
43. An apparatus as in claim 42, wherein the processor comprises instructions to measure an at least partially dried sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, the proteins of the red blood cell, the plasma of the red blood cell, the serum of the red blood cell, or the tissue sample.
44. An apparatus as in claim 42, wherein the processor comprises instructions to measure an at least partially dried sample of red blood cells having substantially intact membranes and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially dried sample comprise an amount of hydration of no more than about 60% water by weight.
45. An apparatus as in claim 42, wherein the processor comprises instructions to measure an at least partially hydrated sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, the proteins of the red blood cell, the plasma of the red blood cell, the serum of the red blood cell, or the tissue sample.
46. An apparatus as in claim 42, wherein the processor comprises instructions to measure an at least partially hydrated sample of red blood cells having substantially intact membranes and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially hydrated sample comprises an amount of hydration of at least about 60% water by weight.
47. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectrally encoded signal comprises an identification portion to identify the sample holder and a verification portion to verify the identification portion.
48. An apparatus as in claim 47, wherein the verification portion corresponds to a sum of the identification portion to verify accurate reading of the identification portion and the verification portion.
49. An apparatus as in claim 32, wherein the processor comprises instructions to determine a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal and wherein the processor comprises instructions to determine the verification code from the reference code.
50. An apparatus as in claim 49, wherein the processor comprises instructions to determine a first verification code in response to a decomposition of the one or more spectra and to determine a second verification code from the reference code and wherein the processor comprises instructions to identify data of the measurement signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
51. An apparatus as in claim 50, wherein the reference code comprises an identification code of the sample holder and the first verification code is configured to verify the identification code and wherein the processor comprises instructions to determine the second verification code from the identification code and identify the identification code as valid signal in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
52. An apparatus as in claim 49, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises one or more NIST traceable reference materials and wherein the spectral encoding comprises reference material spectral encoding and wherein the reference code and the verification code are determined from the one or more NIST traceable materials and wherein the processor comprises instructions to identify data of the measurement signal as valid measurement data in response to a second verification code determined from the reference code matching the verification code.
53. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the spectrally encoded signal comprises a plurality of spectral decomposition factors of the spectral encoding material, the plurality of spectral decomposition factors corresponding to discrete binary values of the spectrally encoded signal and wherein intensities of the plurality of spectral factors define a digital word comprising a plurality of bytes and wherein an identification portion of the plurality of bytes defines a unique identification of the sample holder and a verification portion of the plurality of bytes defines a verification code to verify integrity of the unique identification.
54. An apparatus as in claim 53, wherein the verification code comprises a checksum of the unique identification.
55. An apparatus as in claim 1, further comprising a machine readable code associated with the sample holder wherein the spectrally encoded signal comprises a verification code to confirm the machine readable code associated with the sample holder.
56. An apparatus as in claim 55, wherein the verification code of the spectrally encoded signal comprises a checksum of the machine readable code.
57. An apparatus as in claim 55, wherein machine readable code comprises one or more of an optical code, a barcode scan, a QR code, or a radio frequency ID.
58. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the one or more of the spectral encoding material or the spectral encoding structure comprises the spectral encoding structure and wherein the spectral encoding structure is configured to provide a wavelength dependent signal.
59. An apparatus as in claim 58, wherein the spectral encoding structure comprises one or more of a grating, a periodic structure, a periodic phase altering structure, a periodic intensity changing structure, a diffractive optic, or a holographic structure.
60. A method, the method comprising:
providing a sample holder to receive the sample, the sample holder comprising one or more of a spectral encoding material or a spectral encoding structure to encode a measurement signal of the sample with a spectrally encoded signal.
61. A method, comprising providing an apparatus as in any one of the preceding claims.
62. A method as in claim 60, further comprising:
placing the sample on the sample holder;
illuminating the sample holder with a light beam; and
measuring the spectrally encoded signal of the sample with a detector coupled to at least a portion of the light beam.
63. A method as in claim 62, wherein the sample holder comprises an optically transmissive structure and a layer comprising the spectral encoding material disposed on the structure, and wherein the spectrally encoded signal is measured with an evanescent wave of the light beam.
64. A method as in claim 63, wherein illuminating the sample holder comprises transmitting at least a portion of the light beam through the layer to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal with the light transmitted through the layer.
65. A method as in claim 62, wherein the sample holder comprises a fluid comprising the spectral encoding material, and wherein illuminating the sample holder comprises transmitting the light beam into the fluid to measure the sample and spectrally encode the measurement signal.
66. A method as in claim 62, wherein the detector is coupled to a processor, and wherein the method further comprises determining, with the processor, an identification of the sample holder from the spectrally encoded signal.
67. A method as in claim 66, wherein the identification comprises a unique identification of the sample holder.
68. A method as in claim 67, further comprising recording, with the processor, a sample measurement in response to the determination of the unique identification.
69. A method as in claim 67, wherein the sample holder comprises a single use sample holder, and wherein the method further comprises not enabling, with the processor, output of a sample measurement in response to the determination of the unique identification.
70. A method as in claim 67, wherein the spectral encoding material comprises a unique identification and wherein the unique identification of the sample holder is determined in response to the spectrally encoded signal.
71. A method as in claim 67, further comprising:
comparing, with the processor, the unique identification of the sample holder to one or more allowable sample holder identifications; and
enabling, with the processor, one or more of measurement of the sample or output of the measurement when the unique identification is associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications;
wherein one or more of the measurement of the sample or the output of the measurement is not enabled when the unique identification is not associated with the one or more allowable sample holder identifications.
72. A method as in claim 62, wherein measuring the spectrally encoded signal comprises measuring one or more of a red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample.
73. A method as in claim 72, wherein measuring the spectrally encoded signal comprises measuring an at least partially dried sample of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample.
74. A method as in claim 72, wherein measuring the spectrally encoded signal comprises measuring an at least partially dried sample of substantially intact red blood cells and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially dried sample comprise an amount of hydration of no more than about 60% water by weight.
75. A method as in claim 72, wherein measuring the spectrally encoded signal comprises measuring an at least partially hydrated sample of the one or more of the one or more of the red blood cell membrane, proteins of a red blood cell, plasma of a red blood cell, serum of a red blood cell, or a tissue sample.
76. A method as in claim 72, wherein measuring the spectrally encoded signal comprises measuring an at least partially hydrated sample of substantially intact red blood cells and wherein the red blood cells of the at least partially hydrated sample comprise an amount of hydration of at least about 60% water by weight.
77. A method as in claim 62, wherein the detector is coupled to a processor, and wherein the method further comprises determining, with the processor, a reference code and a verification code of the spectrally encoded signal in response to one or more spectra of the spectrally encoded signal, wherein the verification code is determined from the reference code.
78. A method as in claim 77, wherein determining the reference code and the verification code comprises determining a first verification code in response to a
decomposition of the one or more spectra and determining a second verification code from the reference code, and wherein the method further comprises identifying, with the processor, data of the measurement signal as a valid sample measurement in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
79. A method as in claim 78, wherein the reference code comprises an
identification code of the sample holder and wherein the first verification code is configured to verify the identification code of the sample holder, wherein the second verification code is determined from the identification code, and wherein the method further comprises identifying the identification code as valid in response to the first verification code matching the second verification code.
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