WO2015177920A1 - Concentrator photovoltaic system, tracking error detection method, tracking error correction method, control device, tracking error detection program, and tracking error correction program - Google Patents
Concentrator photovoltaic system, tracking error detection method, tracking error correction method, control device, tracking error detection program, and tracking error correction program Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015177920A1 WO2015177920A1 PCT/JP2014/063677 JP2014063677W WO2015177920A1 WO 2015177920 A1 WO2015177920 A1 WO 2015177920A1 JP 2014063677 W JP2014063677 W JP 2014063677W WO 2015177920 A1 WO2015177920 A1 WO 2015177920A1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a concentrating solar power generation (CPV: Concentrator Photovoltaic) that generates power by concentrating sunlight on a power generation element.
- CPV Concentrator Photovoltaic
- Concentrated solar power generation is based on a configuration in which sunlight condensed by a lens is incident on a power generation element (solar cell) made of a small compound semiconductor with high power generation efficiency.
- a power generation element solar cell
- such a basic configuration is a concentrating solar power generation module
- a plurality of such modules are arranged to form a concentrating solar power generation panel.
- a desired generated power can be obtained by performing a tracking operation so that the entire concentrating solar power generation panel is always directed to the sun by the driving device.
- the tracking operation relies on a tracking sensor and estimation of the position of the sun based on the latitude, longitude, and time of the installation location.
- a proposal has been made to absorb this by software (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- tracking deviation may occur due to distortion generated on the concentrating solar power generation panel or the gantry supporting the same.
- the generated power can be obtained as long as the collected sunlight does not shift so much that it completely disengages the power generation element. For this reason, it is difficult to find that the tracking error has occurred.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for discovering a shift in tracking of the sun in at least concentrating solar power generation.
- a concentrating solar power generation system includes a concentrating solar power generation panel, a drive device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation on the sun, and the concentrating solar power generation panel. Detects the presence or absence of tracking deviation by detecting fluctuation patterns that occur repeatedly over time of generated power and comparing the detected fluctuation patterns with forms that are specific to azimuth angle deviations and forms that are specific to elevation angle deviations. And a control device.
- the detected fluctuation pattern is specific to the azimuth deviation.
- the present invention is a method for detecting a tracking shift in a concentrating solar power generation apparatus provided with a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a sun tracking operation, the concentrating solar power generation panel Detects the presence or absence of tracking deviation by detecting the fluctuation pattern included in the time-dependent change in generated power and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with the form specific to the azimuth angle deviation and the form specific to the elevation angle deviation. This is a tracking deviation detection method.
- the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And by comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation of the elevation angle, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power.
- the present invention provides a concentrating solar power generation apparatus including a driving apparatus that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a sun tracking operation, and detects and drives the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel.
- a tracking deviation correction method executed by a control device that controls the device, detecting a variation pattern included in a change with time of the generated power of the concentrating photovoltaic power generation panel, and detecting the detected variation pattern in an azimuth direction
- the presence or absence of the tracking shift is detected, and when there is a shift, the shift occurs between the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle.
- This is a tracking deviation correction method for specifying a current axis and instructing the drive device to correct an angle on the specified axis.
- the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And compare with the form peculiar to the deviation of elevation angle. As a result of the comparison, if there is no sign of tracking deviation in the fluctuation pattern, tracking is performed normally. If there is a deviation as a result of the comparison, the axis in which the deviation is generated is identified from the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle from the similarity of the variation pattern form, and the correction of the angle in the identified axis is driven. Instruct the device. As a result, the deviation is accurately corrected. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation.
- the present invention is used in a concentrating solar power generation system including a concentrating solar power generation panel and a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation with respect to the sun.
- a control device that detects a variation pattern that repeatedly occurs with a chronological change in the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and detects the detected variation pattern in a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a deviation in elevation angle. It is equipped with a function for detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation by comparing with the form.
- the present invention provides a tracking shift used in a concentrating solar power generation system including a concentrating solar power generation panel and a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation with respect to the sun.
- Detection program for detecting a variation pattern that repeatedly occurs with the lapse of time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and detecting the detected variation pattern in a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a deviation in elevation angle
- This is a program for causing a computer to realize a function of detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation by comparing with the above form.
- the present invention provides a tracking shift used in a concentrating solar power generation system including a concentrating solar power generation panel and a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation with respect to the sun.
- This is a correction program for detecting a variation pattern that repeatedly occurs with the lapse of time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and detecting the detected variation pattern in a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a deviation in elevation angle. If there is a tracking deviation and the tracking deviation, the axis that causes the deviation is identified and specified from the two axes of azimuth and elevation.
- This is a program for causing a computer to realize the function of instructing the drive device to correct the angle in the axis.
- the concentrating solar power generation system and the tracking shift detection method of the present invention it is possible to find the sun tracking shift from the fluctuation pattern of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows an example of a concentrating solar power generation device. It is a perspective view (partially fractured) which expands and shows an example of a concentrating solar power generation module. It is an enlarged view of the III section in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state which arranged 15 units
- the gist of the embodiment of the present invention includes at least the following.
- This concentrating solar power generation system includes a concentrating solar power generation panel, a drive device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation with respect to the sun, and the concentrating solar power generation panel. Detects the presence or absence of tracking deviation by detecting fluctuation patterns that occur repeatedly over time in the generated power and comparing the detected fluctuation patterns with forms specific to azimuth angle deviations and forms specific to elevation angle deviations. And a control device.
- the detected fluctuation pattern is converted to the azimuth (Azimuth)
- azimuth azimuth
- Eleation elevation angle
- the control shaft when the tracking device has a tracking shift, the control shaft generates a shift between two axes of an azimuth angle and an elevation angle. May be specified, and the driving device may be instructed to correct the angle on the specified axis.
- the misalignment is accurately corrected by specifying the axis causing the misalignment and instructing the drive device to correct the angle on the identified axis. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation.
- the control device has a sawtooth variation pattern included in the variation pattern, (A) A pattern that gradually increases and decreases when the step changes, and (B) You may make it determine the code
- the control device is based on the stored power that is stored in advance and that is reduced as viewed from the generated power when there is no deviation.
- the absolute value of the angle to be corrected may be determined. In this case, for example, it is possible to deliberately cause a deviation so that the relationship between the deviation and a decrease in generated power can be accurately grasped in advance. Further, this method can be applied to any variation pattern of azimuth angle deviation or elevation angle deviation.
- the control device determines an absolute value of an angle to be corrected based on a change ratio of the generated power with respect to the tracking operation. You may do it. In this case, the relationship between the deviation and the change ratio of the generated power can be accurately grasped in advance. Further, it can be applied to any variation pattern of azimuth angle deviation or elevation angle deviation. Furthermore, the present invention can be suitably applied to a fluctuation pattern in which azimuth angle deviation and elevation angle deviation are mixed.
- the concentrating solar power generation panel includes a direct solar radiation meter
- the control device includes the direct solar radiation system.
- the correction may be performed only when the direct solar radiation intensity detected by the meter is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. In this case, since the correction is performed when the solar radiation is stable, the influence on the direct solar radiation intensity due to the clouds can be eliminated.
- the control device may perform the correction during a time zone in which the sun goes south.
- the elevation angle is stable and becomes a substantially constant value, it is easy to detect a variation pattern based on a deviation in azimuth.
- a normal surface total solar radiation meter or a horizontal surface total solar radiation meter is provided as the total solar radiation meter.
- the horizontal flat solar radiation meter if the normal solar radiation intensity detected by the normal solar radiation monitor is greater than or equal to the specified value, in the case of a horizontal flat solar radiation meter, the horizontal flat solar radiation meter The correction may be performed only when the horizontal solar radiation intensity detected by is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.
- the normal surface horizontal solar radiation meter or the horizontal flat surface solar radiation meter is less susceptible to the contamination of the window portion of the built-in solar radiation sensor as compared with the direct radiation solar radiation meter.
- the direct solar radiation meter has few problems of tracking deviation that cause measurement errors. Therefore, more accurate information may be obtained regarding actual measurement of sunlight intensity.
- a measurement signal of a wattmeter for measuring the generated power is transmitted and a correction signal to the driving device is received.
- the control device is installed at a location away from the concentrating solar power generation panel and the driving device, and communicates with the communication device via a communication line, thereby the measurement signal. And the correction signal may be transmitted.
- the configuration is suitable for centralized management from a distance.
- the tracking deviation detection method when viewed as a tracking deviation detection method, it is a tracking deviation detection method in a concentrating solar power generation apparatus provided with a drive device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a sun tracking operation. And detecting a fluctuation pattern included in the temporal change of the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel, and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation in elevation angle.
- the tracking deviation detection method detects the presence or absence of tracking deviation.
- the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And by comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation of the elevation angle, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power.
- the concentrating solar power A tracking deviation correction method executed by a control device that detects the generated power of the power generation panel and controls the drive device, and includes a variation pattern included in the temporal change in the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel. By detecting and comparing the detected variation pattern with a form peculiar to azimuth angle deviation and a form peculiar to elevation angle deviation, the presence or absence of tracking deviation is detected.
- This is a tracking deviation correction method in which a deviation axis is specified from two elevation angles, and the drive apparatus is instructed to correct the angle in the identified axis.
- the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And compare with the form peculiar to the deviation of elevation angle. As a result of the comparison, if there is no sign of tracking deviation in the fluctuation pattern, tracking is performed normally. If there is a deviation as a result of the comparison, the axis in which the deviation is generated is identified from the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle from the similarity of the variation pattern form, and the correction of the angle in the identified axis is driven. Instruct the device. As a result, the deviation is accurately corrected. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation.
- the change with time of the generated power is measured in advance with one of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle fixed, so that the generated power can be viewed from the case where there is no deviation.
- the other angle shift corresponding to the generated power that has decreased may be checked. In this case, it is possible to forcibly create a tracking deviation and easily check the angular deviation corresponding to the reduced generated power.
- this invention is used for the concentrating solar power generation system provided with the concentrating solar power generation panel and the drive device which makes the said concentrating solar power generation panel perform the tracking operation
- the function of detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation is installed.
- the control device described above based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern repeatedly generated due to the time-dependent change in the generated power includes information on the tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern is changed to a form and elevation angle peculiar to the azimuth deviation. By comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power.
- the control device specifies an axis in which the shift is generated among the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle, and determines the angle on the specified axis.
- a function for instructing the drive device to perform correction may be mounted.
- the misalignment is accurately corrected by specifying the axis causing the misalignment and instructing the drive device to correct the angle on the identified axis. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation.
- the function may be realized by a semiconductor integrated circuit.
- a necessary function can be mounted as a semiconductor integrated circuit, for example, in a one-chip IC, it is easy to manufacture a concentrating solar power generation system. Further, the semiconductor integrated circuit can be manufactured at a low cost.
- this invention is used for the concentrating solar power generation system provided with the concentrating solar power generation panel and the drive device which makes the said concentrating solar power generation panel perform the tracking operation
- a tracking deviation detection program that detects a variation pattern that repeatedly occurs with time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and detects the detected variation pattern in a form and an elevation angle that are specific to azimuth angle deviation. This is a program for causing a computer to realize a function of detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation by comparing with a form peculiar to deviation.
- the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And by comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation of the elevation angle, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power. Furthermore, since the necessary functions are programmed, it is easy to manufacture a concentrating solar power generation system, and it is easy to add to an existing concentrating solar power generation system. Is also easy.
- this invention is used for the concentrating solar power generation system provided with the concentrating solar power generation panel and the drive device which makes the said concentrating solar power generation panel perform the tracking operation
- a tracking deviation correction program that detects a variation pattern that repeatedly occurs with the lapse of time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and detects the detected variation pattern in a form and elevation angle peculiar to the azimuth angle deviation.
- the function to detect the presence or absence of tracking deviation, and if there is a tracking deviation, specify the axis causing the deviation out of the two axes of azimuth and elevation A program for causing a computer to realize a function of instructing the drive device to correct an angle on a specified axis.
- the tracking deviation correction program described above based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern that occurs repeatedly with the aging of the generated power includes information about the tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And compare with the form peculiar to the deviation of elevation angle. As a result of the comparison, if there is no sign of tracking deviation in the fluctuation pattern, tracking is performed normally.
- the axis in which the deviation is generated is identified from the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle from the similarity of the variation pattern form, and the correction of the angle in the identified axis is driven. Instruct the device. As a result, the deviation is accurately corrected. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation. Furthermore, since the necessary functions are programmed, it is easy to manufacture a concentrating solar power generation system, and it is easy to add to an existing concentrating solar power generation system. Is also easy.
- the programs (16) and (17) can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
- the program is recorded on a recording medium and can be distributed as a recording medium.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a concentrating solar power generation device.
- a concentrating solar power generation apparatus 100 includes a concentrating solar power generation panel 1 and a gantry 3 including a support 3a and a foundation 3b for supporting the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 on the back side.
- the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 is formed by assembling a large number of concentrating solar power generation modules 1M vertically and horizontally.
- concentrating solar power generation modules 1M are gathered vertically and horizontally. If the rated output of one concentrating solar power generation module 1M is about 100 W, for example, the entire concentrating solar power generation panel 1 has a rated output of about 6 kW.
- a driving device (not shown) is provided on the back side of the concentrating solar power generation panel 1, and by operating the driving device, the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 is moved to an azimuth and an elevation angle. Can be driven by two axes. Thereby, the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 is always driven using a stepping motor (not shown) so as to be directed toward the sun in both the azimuth angle and the elevation angle.
- a tracking sensor 4 and a direct solar radiation meter 5 are provided at any location (central portion in this example) of the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 or in the vicinity of the panel 1. The sun tracking operation is performed by using the tracking sensor 4 and the position of the sun calculated from the latitude, longitude, and time of the installation location.
- the driving device drives the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 by a predetermined angle every time the sun moves by a predetermined angle.
- the event of moving by a predetermined angle may be determined by the tracking sensor 4 or may be determined by latitude / longitude / time. Therefore, the tracking sensor 4 may be omitted.
- the predetermined angle is, for example, a constant value, but the value can be changed depending on the altitude of the sun and time.
- the use of a stepping motor is an example, and it is also possible to use a drive source capable of precise operation.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view (partially broken) showing an example of a concentrating solar power generation module (hereinafter also simply referred to as a module) 1M.
- the module 1M is like a lid on a vessel-shaped (bat-shaped) housing 11 having a bottom surface 11a, a flexible printed wiring board 12 provided in contact with the bottom surface 11a, and a flange 11b of the housing 11.
- the primary condensing part 13 attached to is provided as a main component.
- the housing 11 is made of metal.
- the primary condensing unit 13 is a Fresnel lens array, and a plurality of Fresnel lenses 13f as lens elements for condensing sunlight are formed in a matrix (for example, 192 in the 16 ⁇ 12 horizontal direction). Yes.
- a primary condensing part 13 can be formed, for example, by using a glass plate as a base material and forming a silicone resin film on the back surface (inside) thereof.
- the Fresnel lens is formed on this resin film.
- a connector 14 for taking out the output of the module 1M is provided on the outer surface of the housing 11.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part III in FIG.
- the flexible printed wiring board 12 includes a ribbon-shaped flexible substrate 121, a power generation element (solar cell) 122 thereon, and a secondary condensing unit 123 provided so as to cover the power generation element 122.
- the same number of sets of power generation elements 122 and secondary condensing units 123 are provided at positions corresponding to the Fresnel lenses 13 f of the primary condensing unit 13.
- the secondary condensing unit 123 collects sunlight incident from each Fresnel lens 13 f on the power generation element 122.
- the secondary condensing unit 123 is, for example, a lens. However, it may be a reflecting mirror that guides light downward while reflecting light. In some cases, the secondary condenser is not used.
- Each power generating element 122 is electrically connected in series and parallel by the flexible printed wiring board 12, and the bundled generated power is taken out from the connector 14 (FIG. 2).
- module 1M shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is merely shown as an example, and there are various other configurations of the module.
- a configuration using a large number of flat-plate (rectangular, etc.) resin substrates and ceramic substrates may be used.
- Concentrated solar power generation device 100 configured as described above can freely change the panel configuration (the number and arrangement of modules 1M) as necessary.
- the shape of the module can also be configured to be rectangular, square, or other shapes.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which 15 concentrating solar power generation devices 100 configured by arranging approximately 64 square modules (vertical 8 ⁇ horizontal 8) are arranged as “1”, and 15 are arranged in the site. It is a perspective view shown. Each group is driven to track the sun by a respective driving device (not shown).
- the 15 concentrating solar power generation devices 100 are represented by the following symbols (also described in FIG. 4) for convenience.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measured values of the generated power of the 15 concentrating solar power generation devices 100 (1A to 4E) in the time zone (11:00 to 12:00) around the time of the sun in the sun on a certain day. is there.
- the horizontal axis of each graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents power. What should be noted here is not the difference between the generated powers but the characteristics of the fluctuations included in each waveform.
- the change in elevation angle is the least during the day. Therefore, the longer period (2-5 minute period) is due to the tracking of the elevation angle. The shorter period (20 to 60 second period) is due to the deviation of azimuth tracking.
- FIG. 6 is four graphs obtained by extracting characteristic fluctuation patterns of the waveform.
- the horizontal axis of each graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents generated power.
- the upper left pattern (a) is a stable state where the fluctuation range of the generated power is as small as about 300 W (about 4% of the whole), the tracking deviation is small enough to allow, and a good tracking operation is performed.
- FIG. 7 is a projection diagram showing a graph of the pattern (a) in FIG. 6 and a position where the condensing spot SP is formed on the power generation element 122. Moreover, the relationship between the position on a graph and a projection figure is shown with the broken line.
- the condensing spot SP slightly deviates from the power generation element 122, but is generally in a good state as a whole. That is, in such a case, there is no tracking shift and no correction is necessary.
- FIG. 8 is a projection diagram showing a graph of the pattern (b) of FIG. 6 and a position where the condensing spot SP is formed on the power generation element 122. Moreover, the relationship between the position on a graph and a projection figure is shown with the broken line. As shown in the figure, in the left projection, the condensing spot SP is large and deviates from the power generation element 122.
- the condensing spot SP gradually enters the area of the power generation element 122, but when the stepping motor is operated, it is greatly deviated again. Therefore, in such a case, it is necessary to correct the deviation in the tracking of the elevation angle.
- a variation pattern is composed of repeated large variations and small variations in between. The generated power tends to increase between the large fluctuation and the next large fluctuation, and the fluctuation of the generated power shows a decreasing trend during the operation of the stepping motor.
- Such a variation pattern indicates that the angle shift is shifted in the advance direction.
- the smaller fluctuation range is as small as about 200 W (10% or less of the whole) at the maximum, and can be regarded as a fluctuation component, so it is not subject to correction.
- FIG. 9 is a projection diagram showing a graph of the pattern (c) in FIG. 6 and a position where the condensing spot SP is formed on the power generation element 122. Moreover, the relationship between the position on a graph and a projection figure is shown with the broken line.
- the projection on the left is a state immediately after the stepping motor is operated, and the condensing spot SP is relatively well within the area of the power generation element 122.
- the generated power gradually decreases due to the movement of the azimuth angle of the sun, and reaches the state of the right projection diagram. And again, the stepping motor operates. Therefore, in such a case, it is necessary to correct the deviation of the azimuth tracking. Further, in this case, the fluctuation of the substantially constant gradient between the large fluctuations shows a decreasing tendency, and the fluctuation of the generated electric power shows an increase in the stepping motor operation. Such a variation pattern indicates that the angular deviation is shifted in the delay direction.
- the lower right pattern (d) is a composite type of patterns (b) and (c). That is, here, there is a shift in both azimuth angle tracking and elevation angle tracking.
- FIG. 10 is a projection diagram showing a graph of the pattern (d) in FIG. 6 and a position where the condensing spot SP is formed on the power generation element 122. Moreover, the relationship between the position on a graph and a projection figure is shown with the broken line. As shown in the drawing, in both the left projection diagram and the right projection diagram, the condensing spot SP is relatively large and deviates from the area of the power generation element 122 (however, the right projection is slightly smaller.) .
- This moderate fluctuation occurs with a period of about 46 seconds.
- the former corresponds to the elevation angle deviation, and the latter corresponds to the azimuth angle deviation.
- the fluctuation pattern repeatedly generated in the temporal change in the generated power includes information on tracking deviation. If there is no sign of tracking deviation in the variation pattern (pattern (a)), tracking is performed normally. In addition, the presence or absence of tracking deviation is detected by comparing the detected variation pattern with a form peculiar to elevation deviation (pattern (b)) and a form peculiar to azimuth deviation (pattern (c)). Can do. Further, by comparison, it is possible to specify the axis that causes the deviation among the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle from the similarity of the form of the variation pattern. Then, it is possible to correct the tracking angle by correcting the angle on the specified axis.
- the angle to be corrected is based on whether the variation pattern of (a) is a pattern that gradually increases and decreases when the step changes, or (b) a pattern that gradually decreases and increases when the step changes. However, in order to perform appropriate correction, it is preferable to know the absolute value (correction amount) of the angle to be corrected.
- Pattern (b) or (c) that is, when the tracking deviation is either the elevation angle or the azimuth angle, by measuring the change over time in the generated power with one of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle fixed in advance, It is possible to investigate the deviation of the other angle corresponding to the generated power that is reduced from the generated power when there is no deviation. As a result, a tracking deviation can be forcibly created, and an angular deviation corresponding to the reduced generated power can be easily checked.
- FIG. 11 shows how the generated power decreases during the period from when tracking is stopped near the south-central time when the elevation angle hardly changes until the tracking is restarted (OFF-AXIS period). It is the graph which investigated about. Due to the tracking stop (time 12:05), the tracking deviation of the azimuth angle gradually increases, and the generated power decreases accordingly. Therefore, by performing such an experiment in advance, back data (correction amount derivation data) indicating a correspondence relationship between the decrease in generated power and the amount of azimuth angle deviation can be obtained. Table 1 below is an example of back data indicating the relationship between the angle deviation amount D and the generated power ratio RA.
- the above power generation ratio is after normalization by solar radiation intensity.
- RA is (power generation when there is a deviation) / (power generation when the deviation is zero).
- the relationship of the generated power ratio RA to the shift amount D is the same for both the elevation angle and the azimuth angle, and the same data can be used for determining the correction amount. If the relationship is not the same, such data may be prepared for each of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle.
- the deviation amount and the generated power ratio before and after driving when the tracking base is step driven are as shown in Table 2 below, for example.
- the above power generation power ratio is obtained after normalization by solar radiation intensity.
- the relationship between the generated power ratio RB and the deviation amount D is the same for both the elevation angle and the azimuth angle, and the same data can be used for determining the correction amount. If the relationship is not the same, such data may be prepared for each of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle.
- Back data (correction amount derivation data) obtained by recording such a recording up to a predetermined angle (expected maximum deviation angle) is prepared in advance. In other words, this is to check the change ratio (gradient) of the generated power with respect to the unit rotation angle by the stepping motor according to the tracking deviation. As the tracking deviation increases, the change ratio also increases. Therefore, if the change ratio is detected, the absolute value of the deviation angle can be obtained.
- Back data (correction amount derivation data) is prepared in advance in the same manner in the elevation direction.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating, as an example, a case where the elevation angle is corrected from the state of the pattern (b), for example.
- the lower graph in the figure partially enlarges the upper graph.
- the position where the condensing spot SP is formed on the power generation element 122 is shown.
- the elevation angle that was ⁇ 1.0 degree becomes 0 degree.
- a concentrating solar power generation system including a description of a tracking deviation detection method or a correction method viewed from the point of the tracking operation. Note that here, only the “concentrated photovoltaic power generation system viewed from the point of tracking operation” will be described, and therefore the illustration of the original output control unit (for example, MPPT control unit, inverter circuit unit, etc.) as the power generation system Description is omitted.
- the original output control unit for example, MPPT control unit, inverter circuit unit, etc.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a concentrating solar power generation system viewed from the point of such tracking operation.
- the concentrating solar power generation device 100 includes the driving device 200 for tracking the sun on the back side, for example, as described above.
- the drive device 200 includes a stepping motor 201e for driving in the elevation direction, a stepping motor 201a for driving in the azimuth direction, and a drive circuit 202 for driving them.
- the stepping motor is only an example, and other power sources may be used.
- the concentrating solar power generation apparatus 100 is provided with a tracking sensor 4 and a direct solar radiation meter 5 in the vicinity of or using an empty space of the concentrating solar power generation panel 1.
- An output signal (direct solar radiation intensity) of the direct solar radiation meter 5 is input to the drive circuit 202 and the control device 400.
- the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 can be detected by the wattmeter 300, and a signal indicating the detected power is input to the control device 400.
- the driving device 200 stores the latitude and longitude of the place where the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 is installed, and has a clock function.
- the driving device 200 Based on the output signal of the tracking sensor 4 and the position of the sun calculated from the latitude, longitude, and time, the driving device 200 performs a tracking operation so that the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 always faces the sun.
- the tracking sensor 4 may not be provided. In that case, the tracking operation is performed based only on the position of the sun calculated from the latitude, longitude, and time.
- Example of correction processing by software> 14 and 15 are flowcharts showing processing related to detection and correction of tracking deviation, which is executed by the control device 400. 14 are connected to A and B in FIG. 15, respectively. Note that the numerical values given in the following flowchart are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to these.
- the control device 400 accumulates data at intervals of 5 seconds (step S1). This data includes direct solar radiation intensity, generated power, and time.
- the control device 400 determines whether or not a predetermined solar radiation condition is satisfied (step S2). It is determined whether or not both of the predetermined solar radiation conditions satisfy that the direct solar radiation intensity for the past 10 minutes is 600 W / m 2 or more and that the fluctuation is within 10%. That is, the two conditions mean that the weather is stable and clear (sunny). If the predetermined condition is not satisfied, the process of the control device 400 returns to the data accumulation (step S1) and waits for the predetermined condition to be satisfied.
- step S3B the control device 400 checks the fluctuation pattern of the generated power (step S3B). In other words, among the generated power for the past 10 minutes, the difference in the generated power that has been continuously measured becomes a difference of 10% or more of the generated power even after normalization for fluctuations in direct solar radiation intensity (that is, normal) It is not within the range of fluctuation.) Check for fluctuations in generated power.
- step S1 If such a step-like variation does not exist (for example, a case like the pattern (a) in FIG. 6), the control device 400 treats the correction as unnecessary and returns the process to step S1. Note that if there is a value of 95% or more of the normal state after normalizing the fluctuation of the direct solar radiation intensity between steps S2 and S3B, it is determined that there is no abnormality and the process proceeds to step S1. It is also possible to insert a step (step S3A (not shown)) to return. Further, in the operation of returning the process to any one of the above-described steps S1, instead of returning the process to step S1, it is possible to temporarily stop this control process with no abnormality, but it is always good. For the purpose of continuing the monitoring work to maintain the state, it is preferable to return the process to step S1.
- the difference in generated power that has been measured continuously has a difference of 10% or more even after normalization for fluctuations in direct solar radiation intensity.
- an intermediate point (U_j) between the step variation occurrence period (S_j) and the time is obtained, and the directionality of the variation is further checked (step S3C). That is, the serrated variation pattern included in the variation pattern is either (a) a pattern that gradually increases and decreases when the step changes, or (b) a pattern that gradually decreases and increases when the step changes. Based on this, the sign of the angle to be corrected is known.
- the difference in the generated power that has been measured continuously has a difference of 10% or more after the normalization with respect to the fluctuation of the direct solar radiation intensity.
- the dP1, dP2, ⁇ , and dPn, before and after the time of the corresponding step change T 1A, T 1B, T 2A, T 2B, ⁇ , T nA, and T nB.
- an arbitrary integer from 1 to (n ⁇ 1) is m
- Um (T (m + 1) A + T mA ) / 2 is set as an intermediate point of time.
- S_j a representative generation cycle
- U_j the intermediate point of the time
- it may be selected from the set of Sm and Um.
- m a method of selecting m, (b) m when dPm is the maximum, (b) m of the latest Um, (c) m when dPm is the center value in the distribution, etc. But you can. (B) is preferable in order to reduce the processing load and reduce the cost of the circuit. Further, the direction of variation is determined from the magnitude relationship between the generated power at T mA and T mB .
- the intermediate point Um of the corresponding time is read. Further, the direction of variation is also determined. As a result, for example, the period S_j of the fluctuation caused by the deviation of the azimuth angle and the intermediate point U_j of the time can be obtained, and the directionality of the fluctuation can also be known.
- the second type that is, variation caused by, for example, elevation angle deviation
- this is determined to be a mixed pattern such as pattern (d). If three types appear, the third type is not processed or the process returns to the start.
- S_j and U_j corresponding to each of the groups and the direction of variation are obtained, one of them is selected, and the next step is to correct one of the angle deviations. You can go to the next step.
- the control device 400 causes the sun to move in the azimuth direction at the intermediate point U_j of the time corresponding to the minimum movement angle by the stepping motor 201a in the azimuth direction at that time.
- the time S_A required and the time S_E required for the sun to move in the elevation angle at that time corresponding to the minimum movement angle of the stepping motor 201e in the elevation angle direction are designated as the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 and the driving device. It is calculated from the latitude / longitude of 200 installation locations and the time U_j. Note that these times may be detected by a tracking sensor.
- control device 400 determines whether or not the following 1) and 2) are established (step S5).
- ⁇ 30% The above 1) is a condition for capturing a state similar to the reaction of generated power when there is a deviation in elevation angle (pattern (b) in FIG. 6). Further, 2) is a condition for capturing a state similar to the reaction of generated power when there is a deviation in azimuth (pattern (c) in FIG. 6).
- control device 400 determines whether correction is difficult or correction is performed. Treat as unnecessary and return to step S1.
- the control device 400 proceeds to step S6 in FIG. 15, depending on whether the fluctuation at the step-like fluctuation of the generated power is changing in the increasing direction or the decreasing direction. Determine the direction of correction.
- the control device 400 corrects the offset of the azimuth angle to the plus side and corrects the tracking deviation that causes the fluctuation of the generated power (step S7).
- the control device 400 corrects the offset of the azimuth angle to the negative side and corrects the tracking deviation that causes the fluctuation of the generated power (step S8).
- step S10 the control device 400 proceeds to step S10 in FIG. 15, and whether the fluctuation at the stepped fluctuation of the generated power is changing in the increasing direction or the decreasing direction. Determine.
- the control device 400 further determines whether the time is before or after the south / central time (step S11). If the time is before the south-central time, the control device 400 corrects the offset of the elevation angle to the plus side, and corrects the tracking deviation that causes the fluctuation of the generated power (step S12). When the time is later than the south-central time, the control device 400 corrects the offset of the elevation angle to the minus side and corrects the tracking shift that causes the fluctuation of the generated power (step S13).
- the control device 400 further determines whether it is before or after the south-central time (step S14). If the time is before the south-central time, the control device 400 corrects the offset of the elevation angle to the minus side and corrects the tracking deviation that causes the fluctuation of the generated power (step S15). When the time is later than the south-central time, the control device 400 corrects the offset of the elevation angle to the plus side and corrects the tracking shift that causes the fluctuation of the generated power (step S16).
- a method for deriving the correction amount any one of the methods described in ⁇ Method for determining correction amount 1 >> and ⁇ Method for determining correction amount 2 >> described above may be used. Alternatively, the correction amount may be set to an appropriate fixed value, and may be converged to a state where there is no deviation while repeating this correction routine.
- step S9 When any one of the corrections in steps S7, S8, S12, S13, S15, and S16 is completed, the control device 400 resets the accumulated data for the past 10 minutes and finishes a series of processes (step S9), and then again in step S1.
- step S4 the case where only one set of S_j, U_j and variation directionality is handled is described in step S4 and the following steps.
- step S3C when a mixed pattern is determined, It is also possible to carry out the processing of step S4 and subsequent steps for the other S_j, U_j, and the direction of the fluctuation, and then return to step S1 before returning to step S1.
- FIG. 16 is a figure which shows the other example of the concentrating solar power generation system seen from the point of the tracking operation
- the communication device 500 is provided at the site where the concentrating solar power generation device 100 is installed, and the control device 400 is installed at a remote location via a communication line such as the Internet.
- the communication device 500 transmits a measurement signal of the wattmeter 300 to the control device 400 and receives a correction signal for the drive device 200 from the control device 400.
- tracking deviation can be corrected by remote control via a communication line, the configuration is suitable for centralized management from a distance.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating still another example of the concentrating solar power generation system.
- a direct solar radiation meter 5A is used in place of the direct solar radiation meter 5 (FIG. 13).
- the horizontal solar radiation meter is not installed integrally with the concentrating solar power generation panel 1, but is fixedly installed near the concentrating solar power generation panel 1, for example.
- the horizontal solar radiation meter does not track the sun.
- the normal surface solar radiation meter measures the total sky light (direct light and scattered light) received on the normal surface and, like the concentrating solar power generation panel 1, performs the tracking operation of the sun. To do.
- the normal surface solar radiation meter is installed on the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 and performs tracking operation together, or is installed in the vicinity of the concentrating solar power generation panel 1 and independently performs tracking operation. .
- step S2 of FIG. 14 when the global solar radiation meter 5A is used is, in the case of a normal global solar radiation meter, the normal global solar radiation intensity detected by the normal global solar radiation meter is predetermined. If the value is greater than or equal to the value, a predetermined solar radiation condition is satisfied. Further, in the case of a horizontal solar radiation meter, a predetermined solar radiation condition is satisfied when the horizontal solar radiation intensity detected by the horizontal solar radiation meter is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Only when the solar radiation conditions are satisfied, tracking deviation is detected and corrected.
- the direct solar radiation meter has few problems of tracking deviation that cause measurement errors. Therefore, more accurate information may be obtained regarding actual measurement of sunlight intensity.
- the control device 400 may include a computer and software, or may be configured mainly by hardware.
- the program is used in a concentrating solar power generation system, and (i) is repeatedly generated over time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel.
- the axis that causes the deviation of the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle is specified, and the function of instructing the drive device to correct the angle in the specified axis is realized by a computer. It is a program for.
- a tracking deviation detection program that realizes the above (i) by a computer
- a tracking deviation correction program that realizes (i) and (ii) by a computer.
- control device 400 when configured mainly by hardware is the control device 400 that has at least the functions (i) or (i) and (ii) mounted on hardware.
- a part or all of the control device 400 can be a semiconductor integrated circuit, for example, a one-chip IC.
- the semiconductor integrated circuit can be manufactured at a low cost.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating another example of the concentrating solar power generation system.
- a commercially available computer is used as the control device 400.
- the function of the control device 400 is provided as a program recorded in a computer-readable recording medium (storage medium) 501 and is installed in the control device 400 that is a computer.
- the control apparatus 400 can exhibit a required function.
- the recording medium for example, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a compact memory, and the like are suitable.
- the program is recorded on the recording medium 501 and can be distributed as the recording medium 501. Further, it is possible to download a program via a communication line 502 such as the Internet or use a program from the server 503 by an ASP (Application Service Provider).
- a communication line 502 such as the Internet
- ASP Application Service Provider
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing still another example of the concentrating solar power generation system.
- the difference from FIG. 16 is that, for example, a commercially available computer is used as the control device 400.
- the function of the control device 400 is provided as a program recorded in a computer-readable recording medium (storage medium) 501 and is installed in the control device 400 that is a computer.
- the control apparatus 400 can exhibit a required function.
- the recording medium for example, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a compact memory, and the like are suitable.
- control devices 400 shown in FIGS. 13, 16, 18, and 19 can be combined (used together). Also in FIGS. 18 and 19, as in FIG. 17, it is possible to use a global solarimeter instead of the direct solar radiation meter.
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Abstract
Description
ところが、多少の追尾ずれが生じていても、集光された太陽光が発電素子を完全に外れるほど大きくずれない限りは、発電電力は得られる。そのため、追尾ずれを生じていること自体が発見されにくい。また、どのようなずれ方をしているかについては、そのような判断をする術は、未だ提案されていない。 However, it cannot be said that the tracking sensor has no error at all, and tracking deviation may occur. In addition, due to long-term use, tracking deviation may occur due to distortion generated on the concentrating solar power generation panel or the gantry supporting the same.
However, even if a slight tracking shift occurs, the generated power can be obtained as long as the collected sunlight does not shift so much that it completely disengages the power generation element. For this reason, it is difficult to find that the tracking error has occurred. In addition, there has not been proposed a method for making such a determination as to how the deviation is made.
本発明の実施形態の要旨としては、少なくとも以下のものが含まれる。
(1)この集光型太陽光発電システムは、集光型太陽光発電パネルと、前記集光型太陽光発電パネルに、太陽に対する追尾動作をさせる駆動装置と、前記集光型太陽光発電パネルにおける発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンを検出し、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出する制御装置とを備えている。
上記の集光型太陽光発電システムでは、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンに、追尾のずれに関する情報が含まれているという知見に基づき、検出した変動パターンを、方位角(Azimuth)のずれに特有の形態及び仰角(Elevation)のずれに特有の形態と比較することで、追尾のずれの有無を検出することができる。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見することができる。 [Summary of Embodiment]
The gist of the embodiment of the present invention includes at least the following.
(1) This concentrating solar power generation system includes a concentrating solar power generation panel, a drive device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation with respect to the sun, and the concentrating solar power generation panel. Detects the presence or absence of tracking deviation by detecting fluctuation patterns that occur repeatedly over time in the generated power and comparing the detected fluctuation patterns with forms specific to azimuth angle deviations and forms specific to elevation angle deviations. And a control device.
In the concentrating solar power generation system described above, based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs with the aging of the generated power contains information about tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern is converted to the azimuth (Azimuth) By comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation and a form peculiar to the deviation of the elevation angle (Elevation), it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power.
この場合、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を駆動装置に指示することにより、ずれが的確に補正される。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見し、このずれを解消させる技術を提供することができる。 (2) In the concentrating solar power generation system according to (1), when the tracking device has a tracking shift, the control shaft generates a shift between two axes of an azimuth angle and an elevation angle. May be specified, and the driving device may be instructed to correct the angle on the specified axis.
In this case, the misalignment is accurately corrected by specifying the axis causing the misalignment and instructing the drive device to correct the angle on the identified axis. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation.
(a)徐々に増加してステップ変化時に減少するパターン、及び、
(b)徐々に減少してステップ変化時に増加するパターン、のいずれであるかに基づいて、補正すべき角度の符号を決定するようにしてもよい。
この場合、角度をプラス方向に補正するのか、マイナス方向に補正するのかを、適切に判断することができる。 (3) In the concentrating solar power generation system of (2), the control device has a sawtooth variation pattern included in the variation pattern,
(A) A pattern that gradually increases and decreases when the step changes, and
(B) You may make it determine the code | symbol of the angle which should be correct | amended based on which of the pattern which decreases gradually and increases at the time of a step change.
In this case, it is possible to appropriately determine whether the angle is corrected in the plus direction or in the minus direction.
この場合、例えば故意にずれを生じさせて、ずれと発電電力の低下との関係を予め正確に把握することができる。また、この手法は、方位角ずれ又は仰角ずれのいずれの変動パターンにも適用できる。 (4) Moreover, in the concentrating solar power generation system of (2) or (3), the control device is based on the stored power that is stored in advance and that is reduced as viewed from the generated power when there is no deviation. The absolute value of the angle to be corrected may be determined.
In this case, for example, it is possible to deliberately cause a deviation so that the relationship between the deviation and a decrease in generated power can be accurately grasped in advance. Further, this method can be applied to any variation pattern of azimuth angle deviation or elevation angle deviation.
この場合、ずれと発電電力の変化比との関係を予め正確に把握することができる。また、方位角ずれ又は仰角ずれのいずれの変動パターンにも適用できる。さらに、方位角ずれと仰角ずれが混在している変動パターンにも好適に適用できる。 (5) In the concentrating solar power generation system of (2) or (3), the control device determines an absolute value of an angle to be corrected based on a change ratio of the generated power with respect to the tracking operation. You may do it.
In this case, the relationship between the deviation and the change ratio of the generated power can be accurately grasped in advance. Further, it can be applied to any variation pattern of azimuth angle deviation or elevation angle deviation. Furthermore, the present invention can be suitably applied to a fluctuation pattern in which azimuth angle deviation and elevation angle deviation are mixed.
この場合、日射が安定した晴天時に補正を行うことになるので、雲による直達日射強度への影響を排除することができる。 (6) In the concentrating solar power generation system according to any one of (2) to (5), the concentrating solar power generation panel includes a direct solar radiation meter, and the control device includes the direct solar radiation system. The correction may be performed only when the direct solar radiation intensity detected by the meter is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
In this case, since the correction is performed when the solar radiation is stable, the influence on the direct solar radiation intensity due to the clouds can be eliminated.
この場合、仰角が安定し、ほぼ一定値となるので、方位角のずれに基づく変動パターンが検出しやすい。 (7) In the concentrating solar power generation system according to any one of (2) to (6), the control device may perform the correction during a time zone in which the sun goes south.
In this case, since the elevation angle is stable and becomes a substantially constant value, it is easy to detect a variation pattern based on a deviation in azimuth.
この場合、法線面全天日射計又は水平面全天日射計においては、直達日射計に比べて、内蔵する日射センサの窓部の汚れの影響を受けにくい。また、直達日射計では測定誤差要因となる追尾ずれの問題も少ない。従って、実際の太陽光の強弱測定に関して、より的確な情報を取得できる場合がある。 (8) Further, in the concentrating solar power generation system according to any one of the above (2) to (5), a normal surface total solar radiation meter or a horizontal surface total solar radiation meter is provided as the total solar radiation meter. In the case of a flat solar radiation meter, if the normal solar radiation intensity detected by the normal solar radiation monitor is greater than or equal to the specified value, in the case of a horizontal flat solar radiation meter, the horizontal flat solar radiation meter The correction may be performed only when the horizontal solar radiation intensity detected by is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.
In this case, the normal surface horizontal solar radiation meter or the horizontal flat surface solar radiation meter is less susceptible to the contamination of the window portion of the built-in solar radiation sensor as compared with the direct radiation solar radiation meter. In addition, the direct solar radiation meter has few problems of tracking deviation that cause measurement errors. Therefore, more accurate information may be obtained regarding actual measurement of sunlight intensity.
この場合、通信回線を介した遠隔制御により追尾のずれを補正することができるので、遠方からの集中管理に好適な構成となる。 (9) Further, in the concentrating solar power generation system according to any one of (2) to (8), a measurement signal of a wattmeter for measuring the generated power is transmitted and a correction signal to the driving device is received. The control device is installed at a location away from the concentrating solar power generation panel and the driving device, and communicates with the communication device via a communication line, thereby the measurement signal. And the correction signal may be transmitted.
In this case, since tracking deviation can be corrected by remote control via a communication line, the configuration is suitable for centralized management from a distance.
上記の追尾ずれの検出方法では、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンに、追尾のずれに関する情報が含まれているという知見に基づき、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することで、追尾のずれの有無を検出することができる。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見することができる。 (10) On the other hand, when viewed as a tracking deviation detection method, it is a tracking deviation detection method in a concentrating solar power generation apparatus provided with a drive device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a sun tracking operation. And detecting a fluctuation pattern included in the temporal change of the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel, and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation in elevation angle. Thus, the tracking deviation detection method detects the presence or absence of tracking deviation.
In the tracking deviation detection method described above, based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern that occurs repeatedly with the aging of the generated power includes information about the tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And by comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation of the elevation angle, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power.
上記の追尾ずれの補正方法では、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンに、追尾のずれに関する情報が含まれているという知見に基づき、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較する。比較の結果、変動パターンに追尾ずれの兆候が無ければ追尾は正常に行われている。また、比較の結果、ずれがある場合には、変動パターンの形態の類似性から方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を駆動装置に指示する。これにより、ずれが的確に補正される。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見し、このずれを解消させる技術を提供することができる。 (11) When viewed as a tracking deviation correction method, in the concentrating solar power generation apparatus provided with a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a sun tracking operation, the concentrating solar power A tracking deviation correction method executed by a control device that detects the generated power of the power generation panel and controls the drive device, and includes a variation pattern included in the temporal change in the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel. By detecting and comparing the detected variation pattern with a form peculiar to azimuth angle deviation and a form peculiar to elevation angle deviation, the presence or absence of tracking deviation is detected. This is a tracking deviation correction method in which a deviation axis is specified from two elevation angles, and the drive apparatus is instructed to correct the angle in the identified axis.
In the tracking deviation correction method described above, based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs with the aging of the generated power includes information about the tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And compare with the form peculiar to the deviation of elevation angle. As a result of the comparison, if there is no sign of tracking deviation in the fluctuation pattern, tracking is performed normally. If there is a deviation as a result of the comparison, the axis in which the deviation is generated is identified from the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle from the similarity of the variation pattern form, and the correction of the angle in the identified axis is driven. Instruct the device. As a result, the deviation is accurately corrected. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation.
この場合、追尾ずれを強制的に作り出して、低下した発電電力に対応する角度のずれを容易に調べることができる。 (12) Further, in the tracking deviation correction method of (11), the change with time of the generated power is measured in advance with one of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle fixed, so that the generated power can be viewed from the case where there is no deviation. The other angle shift corresponding to the generated power that has decreased may be checked.
In this case, it is possible to forcibly create a tracking deviation and easily check the angular deviation corresponding to the reduced generated power.
上記の制御装置では、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンに、追尾のずれに関する情報が含まれているという知見に基づき、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することで、追尾のずれの有無を検出することができる。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見することができる。 (13) Moreover, this invention is used for the concentrating solar power generation system provided with the concentrating solar power generation panel and the drive device which makes the said concentrating solar power generation panel perform the tracking operation | movement with respect to the sun. A variation pattern repeatedly generated due to a change with time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and the detected variation pattern is characteristic to an azimuth angle deviation and an elevation angle deviation. Compared with this form, the function of detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation is installed.
In the control device described above, based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern repeatedly generated due to the time-dependent change in the generated power includes information on the tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern is changed to a form and elevation angle peculiar to the azimuth deviation. By comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power.
この場合、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を駆動装置に指示することにより、ずれが的確に補正される。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見し、このずれを解消させる技術を提供することができる。 (14) In addition, when there is a tracking shift, the control device according to (13) specifies an axis in which the shift is generated among the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle, and determines the angle on the specified axis. A function for instructing the drive device to perform correction may be mounted.
In this case, the misalignment is accurately corrected by specifying the axis causing the misalignment and instructing the drive device to correct the angle on the identified axis. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation.
この場合、必要な機能を半導体集積回路として例えばワンチップICに搭載することができるので、集光型太陽光発電システムの製造が容易になる。また、半導体集積回路は安価に製造することができる。 (15) In the control device of (13) or (14), the function may be realized by a semiconductor integrated circuit.
In this case, since a necessary function can be mounted as a semiconductor integrated circuit, for example, in a one-chip IC, it is easy to manufacture a concentrating solar power generation system. Further, the semiconductor integrated circuit can be manufactured at a low cost.
上記の追尾ずれの検出プログラムでは、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンに、追尾のずれに関する情報が含まれているという知見に基づき、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することで、追尾のずれの有無を検出することができる。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見することができる。さらには、必要な機能がプログラム化されるので、集光型太陽光発電システムの製造が容易であり、既存の集光型太陽光発電システムへの追加も容易であり、また、システムのバージョンアップも容易である。 (16) Moreover, this invention is used for the concentrating solar power generation system provided with the concentrating solar power generation panel and the drive device which makes the said concentrating solar power generation panel perform the tracking operation | movement with respect to the sun. A tracking deviation detection program that detects a variation pattern that repeatedly occurs with time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and detects the detected variation pattern in a form and an elevation angle that are specific to azimuth angle deviation. This is a program for causing a computer to realize a function of detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation by comparing with a form peculiar to deviation.
In the tracking deviation detection program described above, based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs due to the change in generated power over time contains information about the tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And by comparing with a form peculiar to the deviation of the elevation angle, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the tracking deviation. Therefore, it is possible to find a shift in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power. Furthermore, since the necessary functions are programmed, it is easy to manufacture a concentrating solar power generation system, and it is easy to add to an existing concentrating solar power generation system. Is also easy.
上記の追尾ずれの補正プログラムでは、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンに、追尾のずれに関する情報が含まれているという知見に基づき、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較する。比較の結果、変動パターンに追尾ずれの兆候が無ければ追尾は正常に行われている。また、比較の結果、ずれがある場合には、変動パターンの形態の類似性から方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を駆動装置に指示する。これにより、ずれが的確に補正される。従って、発電電力の経時変化から太陽の追尾のずれを発見し、このずれを解消させる技術を提供することができる。さらには、必要な機能がプログラム化されるので、集光型太陽光発電システムの製造が容易であり、既存の集光型太陽光発電システムへの追加も容易であり、また、システムのバージョンアップも容易である。 (17) Moreover, this invention is used for the concentrating solar power generation system provided with the concentrating solar power generation panel and the drive device which makes the said concentrating solar power generation panel perform the tracking operation | movement with respect to the sun. A tracking deviation correction program that detects a variation pattern that repeatedly occurs with the lapse of time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and detects the detected variation pattern in a form and elevation angle peculiar to the azimuth angle deviation. Compared with the form peculiar to the deviation, the function to detect the presence or absence of tracking deviation, and if there is a tracking deviation, specify the axis causing the deviation out of the two axes of azimuth and elevation A program for causing a computer to realize a function of instructing the drive device to correct an angle on a specified axis.
In the tracking deviation correction program described above, based on the knowledge that the fluctuation pattern that occurs repeatedly with the aging of the generated power includes information about the tracking deviation, the detected fluctuation pattern has a form specific to the azimuth deviation. And compare with the form peculiar to the deviation of elevation angle. As a result of the comparison, if there is no sign of tracking deviation in the fluctuation pattern, tracking is performed normally. If there is a deviation as a result of the comparison, the axis in which the deviation is generated is identified from the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle from the similarity of the variation pattern form, and the correction of the angle in the identified axis is driven. Instruct the device. As a result, the deviation is accurately corrected. Therefore, it is possible to provide a technique for finding a deviation in the tracking of the sun from the change with time of the generated power and eliminating the deviation. Furthermore, since the necessary functions are programmed, it is easy to manufacture a concentrating solar power generation system, and it is easy to add to an existing concentrating solar power generation system. Is also easy.
この場合、プログラムは記録媒体に記録され、記録媒体として流通に供することができる。 The programs (16) and (17) can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
In this case, the program is recorded on a recording medium and can be distributed as a recording medium.
《集光型太陽光発電装置の一例》
以下、本発明の実施形態の詳細について、図面を参照して説明する。まず、集光型太陽光発電装置の構成から説明する。
図1は、集光型太陽光発電装置の一例を示す斜視図である。図において、集光型太陽光発電装置100は、集光型太陽光発電パネル1と、これを背面側で支持する支柱3a及びその基礎3bを備える架台3とを備えている。集光型太陽光発電パネル1は、多数の集光型太陽光発電モジュール1Mを縦横に集合させて成る。この例では、中央部を除く、62個(縦7×横9-1)の集光型太陽光発電モジュール1Mが縦横に集合している。1個の集光型太陽光発電モジュール1Mの定格出力が例えば約100Wであるとすると、集光型太陽光発電パネル1全体としては、約6kWの定格出力となる。 [Details of the embodiment]
《Example of concentrating solar power generation device》
Hereinafter, details of embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the configuration of the concentrating solar power generation device will be described.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a concentrating solar power generation device. In the figure, a concentrating solar
図2は、集光型太陽光発電モジュール(以下、単にモジュールとも言う。)1Mの一例を拡大して示す斜視図(一部破断)である。図において、モジュール1Mは、底面11aを有する器状(バット状)の筐体11と、底面11aに接して設けられたフレキシブルプリント配線板12と、筐体11の鍔部11bに、蓋のように取り付けられた1次集光部13とを、主要な構成要素として備えている。筐体11は、金属製である。 《Example of concentrating solar power generation module》
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view (partially broken) showing an example of a concentrating solar power generation module (hereinafter also simply referred to as a module) 1M. In the figure, the
上記のように構成される集光型太陽光発電装置100は、パネル構成(モジュール1Mの数や配列)を必要に応じて自在に変更することができる。また、モジュールの形状も、長方形、正方形、その他の形状に構成することができる。例えば、図4は、概ね正方形のモジュールを64個(縦8×横8)並べて構成した集光型太陽光発電装置100を「1基」として、これを、敷地内で15基並べた状態を示す斜視図である。各基は、それぞれの駆動装置(図示せず。)によって太陽を追尾するように駆動される。ここで、15基の集光型太陽光発電装置100を、便宜上、以下の符号(図4にも記載)で表す。
最前列の4基:1A,1B,1C,1D
二列目の4基:2A,2B,2C,2D
三列目の5基:3A,3B,3C,3D,3E
四列目の2基:4D,4E 《Examples of installing multiple concentrating solar power generation devices》
Concentrated solar
4 units in the front row: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D
4 units in the second row: 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D
5 units in the third row: 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E
Two in the fourth row: 4D, 4E
図5は、ある日の太陽の南中時刻付近の時間帯(11時~12時)における15基の集光型太陽光発電装置100(1A~4E)の発電電力の実測値を示すグラフである。各グラフの横軸は時間を表し、縦軸は電力を表している。ここで注目すべきは、発電電力の各基間での差ではなく、各波形に含まれている変動の特徴である。 <Examples of changes in power generation over time>
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the measured values of the generated power of the 15 concentrating solar power generation devices 100 (1A to 4E) in the time zone (11:00 to 12:00) around the time of the sun in the sun on a certain day. is there. The horizontal axis of each graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents power. What should be noted here is not the difference between the generated powers but the characteristics of the fluctuations included in each waveform.
図6は、波形の特徴的な変動パターンを取り出した4つのグラフである。各グラフの横軸は時刻、縦軸は発電電力を表す。左上のパターン(a)は、発電電力の変動幅が最大でも300W程度(全体の4%程度)と小さく、追尾のずれが許容できるほど小さく、良好な追尾動作が行われている安定状態である。図7は、図6のパターン(a)のグラフと、発電素子122上に集光スポットSPが形成される位置を示す投射図である。また、破線にて、グラフ上の位置と、投射図との関係を示している。図示のように、左端の投射図では、集光スポットSPが僅かに発電素子122を外れるが、全体として概ね良好な状態である。すなわち、このような場合には追尾のずれは無く、補正の必要は無い。 <Examples of characteristic fluctuation patterns>
FIG. 6 is four graphs obtained by extracting characteristic fluctuation patterns of the waveform. The horizontal axis of each graph represents time, and the vertical axis represents generated power. The upper left pattern (a) is a stable state where the fluctuation range of the generated power is as small as about 300 W (about 4% of the whole), the tracking deviation is small enough to allow, and a good tracking operation is performed. . FIG. 7 is a projection diagram showing a graph of the pattern (a) in FIG. 6 and a position where the condensing spot SP is formed on the
以上のように、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンに、追尾のずれに関する情報が含まれているという知見が得られた。変動パターンに追尾ずれの兆候が無ければ(パターン(a))追尾は正常に行われている。また、検出した変動パターンを、仰角のずれに特有の形態(パターン(b))及び方位角のずれに特有の形態(パターン(c))と比較することにより、追尾ずれの有無を検出することができる。
また、比較により、変動パターンの形態の類似性から方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定することができる。そして、特定した軸における角度の補正を行い、追尾ずれを解消することが可能である。なお、具体的な比較の手法としては、例えば、閾値を超える大きな変動幅を生じている変動の周期を検出して、この周期と、太陽がその時刻において仰角方向又は方位角方向に、一定角度動くのに要する時間とを比較することで判定が可能である。 <Summary of fluctuation patterns>
As described above, it has been found that the fluctuation pattern repeatedly generated in the temporal change in the generated power includes information on tracking deviation. If there is no sign of tracking deviation in the variation pattern (pattern (a)), tracking is performed normally. In addition, the presence or absence of tracking deviation is detected by comparing the detected variation pattern with a form peculiar to elevation deviation (pattern (b)) and a form peculiar to azimuth deviation (pattern (c)). Can do.
Further, by comparison, it is possible to specify the axis that causes the deviation among the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle from the similarity of the form of the variation pattern. Then, it is possible to correct the tracking angle by correcting the angle on the specified axis. In addition, as a specific comparison method, for example, by detecting a period of fluctuation that causes a large fluctuation width exceeding a threshold value, the sun and the sun at a certain angle in the elevation direction or azimuth direction at that time Judgment is possible by comparing the time required to move.
ここで、上記のパターン(b)又は(c)の場合についての、補正量の決め方1について説明する。パターン(b)又は(c)すなわち、追尾のずれが仰角又は方位角のいずれか一方の場合は、予め、仰角及び方位角の一方を固定した状態で発電電力の経時変化を測定することにより、ずれが無い場合の発電電力から見て低下した発電電力に対応する他方の角度のずれを調べておくことができる。これにより、追尾ずれを強制的に作り出して、低下した発電電力に対応する角度のずれを容易に調べることができる。 <How to determine the
Here, a
下記の表1は、角度のずれ量Dと発電電力比RAとの関係を示すバックデータの一例である。 For example, FIG. 11 shows how the generated power decreases during the period from when tracking is stopped near the south-central time when the elevation angle hardly changes until the tracking is restarted (OFF-AXIS period). It is the graph which investigated about. Due to the tracking stop (time 12:05), the tracking deviation of the azimuth angle gradually increases, and the generated power decreases accordingly. Therefore, by performing such an experiment in advance, back data (correction amount derivation data) indicating a correspondence relationship between the decrease in generated power and the amount of azimuth angle deviation can be obtained.
Table 1 below is an example of back data indicating the relationship between the angle deviation amount D and the generated power ratio RA.
RB=(ステップ駆動後の発電量)/(ステップ駆動前の発電量)である。また、ステップ駆動により発電が増加する場合は、
RB=(ステップ駆動前の発電量)/(ステップ駆動後の発電量)、である。
フレネルレンズ及び発電素子が共に正方形である場合は、仰角・方位角ともに、ずれ量Dに対する発電電力比RBの関係は同一となり、補正量の決定に関して、同一のデータを使用可能である。関係が同一で無い場合は、仰角・方位角のそれぞれについて、このようなデータを用意すればよい。 The above power generation power ratio is obtained after normalization by solar radiation intensity. In this example, the step drive angle is about 0.35 degrees. If power generation decreases due to step drive,
RB = (power generation amount after step driving) / (power generation amount before step driving). If power generation increases due to step drive,
RB = (power generation amount before step driving) / (power generation amount after step driving).
When both the Fresnel lens and the power generation element are square, the relationship between the generated power ratio RB and the deviation amount D is the same for both the elevation angle and the azimuth angle, and the same data can be used for determining the correction amount. If the relationship is not the same, such data may be prepared for each of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle.
また、逆に、仰角の追尾のみを停止し、方位角の追尾は続けるようにすれば、仰角のずれのみによる発電電力の低下を調べることができる。この方法は、パターン(d)のケースに適用してもよいが、方位角ずれ及び仰角ずれの複合の程度の大きいときは誤差が大きくなるため、次に述べる方法を適用してもよい。 By utilizing such data, it is possible to determine the absolute value of the angle to be corrected when tracking deviation occurs based on the generated power that is reduced as seen from the generated power when there is no deviation. In the example of FIG. 11, strictly speaking, a decrease in generated power due to a deviation in elevation angle is included, but it is ignored because it is considerably smaller than a deviation in azimuth angle. However, in order to further improve the accuracy, for example, if only the tracking of the azimuth angle is stopped and the tracking of the elevation angle is continued, a decrease in the generated power due to only the deviation of the azimuth angle can be examined in advance.
On the contrary, if only the elevation angle tracking is stopped and the azimuth angle tracking is continued, it is possible to investigate a decrease in the generated power due to only the elevation angle deviation. This method may be applied to the case of the pattern (d), but since the error increases when the combined degree of azimuth angle deviation and elevation angle deviation is large, the following method may be applied.
次に、パターン(b)、(c)、(d)のいずれの場合でも適用可能な補正量の決め方2について説明する。すなわち、この方法は、方位角/仰角のいずれか一方のみの追尾のずれが生じている場合の他、両方の追尾のずれが混在している場合にも適用可能である。まず、方位角・仰角のいずれにもずれがない状態から、ステッピングモータによる最小回転角度である例えば0.1度の方位角の回動動作をさせ、当該動作の前後での発電電力の変化比を記録する。次に、例えば方位角がΔθずれた状態からステッピングモータにより0.1度の方位角の回動動作をさせ、当該動作の前後での発電電力の変化比を記録する。このような記録を、所定角度(予想される最大ずれ角度)までとったバックデータ(補正量導出用データ)を予め用意しておく。これは、言い換えれば、追尾のずれに応じた、ステッピングモータによる単位回転角度に対する発電電力の変化比(勾配)を調べることである。追尾のずれが大きくなるほど、変化比も大きくなるので、変化比を検出すれば、ずれ角度の絶対値がわかる。仰角方向にも同様の要領で、バックデータ(補正量導出用データ)を予め用意しておく。 <How to determine the correction amount 2>
Next, a method 2 for determining a correction amount applicable in any of the patterns (b), (c), and (d) will be described. In other words, this method can be applied not only in the case where there is a tracking shift in only one of the azimuth angle / elevation angle but also in the case where both tracking shifts are mixed. First, from a state where there is no deviation in either azimuth angle or elevation angle, a rotation operation of an azimuth angle of, for example, 0.1 degree which is the minimum rotation angle by the stepping motor is performed, and the change ratio of the generated power before and after the operation Record. Next, for example, from a state where the azimuth angle is shifted by Δθ, the stepping motor rotates the azimuth angle of 0.1 degree, and the change ratio of the generated power before and after the operation is recorded. Back data (correction amount derivation data) obtained by recording such a recording up to a predetermined angle (expected maximum deviation angle) is prepared in advance. In other words, this is to check the change ratio (gradient) of the generated power with respect to the unit rotation angle by the stepping motor according to the tracking deviation. As the tracking deviation increases, the change ratio also increases. Therefore, if the change ratio is detected, the absolute value of the deviation angle can be obtained. Back data (correction amount derivation data) is prepared in advance in the same manner in the elevation direction.
図12は、例えばパターン(b)の状態から、仰角を補正した場合を一例として示す図である。図の下側のグラフは、上側のグラフを部分的に拡大している。また、図8と同様に、発電素子122上に集光スポットSPが形成される位置を示している。
ここで、オフセット値として+1.0度を追加する補正をした場合、-1.0度であった仰角は0度となる。これにより、補正後は仰角のずれによる変動パターンが消えて、発電電力は増大する。 <Example of correction result>
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating, as an example, a case where the elevation angle is corrected from the state of the pattern (b), for example. The lower graph in the figure partially enlarges the upper graph. Further, similarly to FIG. 8, the position where the condensing spot SP is formed on the
Here, when correction is made to add +1.0 degree as an offset value, the elevation angle that was −1.0 degree becomes 0 degree. Thereby, after the correction, the fluctuation pattern due to the deviation of the elevation angle disappears, and the generated power increases.
次に、追尾動作の点から見た集光型太陽光発電システム(追尾ずれの検出方法又は補正方法の説明も含む。)の実施例について説明する。なお、ここでは、あくまで「追尾動作の点から見た集光型太陽光発電システム」について説明するので、発電システムとしての本来の出力制御部(例えばMPPT制御部、インバータ回路部等)の図示や説明は省略する。 《Example as a concentrating solar power generation system》
Next, an embodiment of a concentrating solar power generation system (including a description of a tracking deviation detection method or a correction method) viewed from the point of the tracking operation will be described. Note that here, only the “concentrated photovoltaic power generation system viewed from the point of tracking operation” will be described, and therefore the illustration of the original output control unit (for example, MPPT control unit, inverter circuit unit, etc.) as the power generation system Description is omitted.
図14及び図15は、制御装置400によって実行される、追尾ずれの検出及び補正に関する処理を示すフローチャートである。図14の下端のA,Bは、それぞれ、図15のA,Bに繋がる。なお、以下のフローチャートで挙げる数値はいずれも一例に過ぎず、これらに限定されるものではない。 <Example of correction processing by software>
14 and 15 are flowcharts showing processing related to detection and correction of tracking deviation, which is executed by the
次に、制御装置400は、所定の日射条件が満たされているか否かを判定する(ステップS2)。所定の日射条件とは、過去10分間の直達日射強度が600W/m2以上であること、及び、その変動が10%以内であること、の2つを共に満たすか否かを判定する。すなわち、2つの条件は、安定した晴天(快晴)であることを意味する。所定の条件が満たされない場合は、制御装置400の処理はデータの蓄積(ステップS1)に戻り、所定の条件が満たされるのを待つ。 First, in FIG. 14, with the start of processing, the
Next, the
1) |(S_j-S_E)/S_j| ≦ 30%
2) |(S_j-S_A)/S_j| ≦ 30%
上記1)は、仰角のずれがある場合の発電電力の反応(図6のパターン(b))と似た状態を捉える条件である。また、2)は、方位角のずれがある場合の発電電力の反応(図6のパターン(c))と似た状態を捉える条件である。 Next, the
1) | (S_j−S_E) / S_j | ≦ 30%
2) | (S_j−S_A) / S_j | ≦ 30%
The above 1) is a condition for capturing a state similar to the reaction of generated power when there is a deviation in elevation angle (pattern (b) in FIG. 6). Further, 2) is a condition for capturing a state similar to the reaction of generated power when there is a deviation in azimuth (pattern (c) in FIG. 6).
なお、上記の説明では、ステップS4以下では、1種類のS_j、U_j、変動の方向性の組のみを扱う場合について説明したが、ステップS3Cのところで、混在パターンと判定されたときは、まず、片方のS_j、U_j、変動の方向性について処理を進めた後、ステップS1へ処理を戻す前に、続けて他方についてもステップS4以下の処理を行うことも可能である。
このような、図14,図15に示す処理を定期的(例えば毎日)実行することにより、常に追尾のずれが生じない状態で集光型太陽光発電装置100を使用すれば、当該装置100は、与えられた環境下で得られる最大の電力を得ることができる。 When any one of the corrections in steps S7, S8, S12, S13, S15, and S16 is completed, the
In the above description, the case where only one set of S_j, U_j and variation directionality is handled is described in step S4 and the following steps. However, in step S3C, when a mixed pattern is determined, It is also possible to carry out the processing of step S4 and subsequent steps for the other S_j, U_j, and the direction of the fluctuation, and then return to step S1 before returning to step S1.
By performing the processing shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 periodically (for example, every day), if the concentrating solar
なお、上記実施形態では、例えば太陽の南中時刻付近において、発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することで、追尾のずれの有無を検出できることを示したが、時刻によっては、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態も変わるので、南中時刻付近ではない時刻であれば、その時刻を考慮した上での、検出及び補正が必要である。 <Others>
In the above embodiment, for example, in the vicinity of the solar time in the sun, by comparing the fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs with time change of the generated power with the form peculiar to the azimuth shift and the form peculiar to the elevation shift, It has been shown that the presence or absence of tracking deviation can be detected, but depending on the time, the form peculiar to azimuth deviation and the form peculiar to elevation deviation also change. Detection and correction are necessary in consideration of the above.
この場合、通信回線を介した遠隔制御により追尾のずれを補正することができるので、遠方からの集中管理に好適な構成となる。 Moreover, FIG. 16 is a figure which shows the other example of the concentrating solar power generation system seen from the point of the tracking operation | movement. The difference from FIG. 13 is that the
In this case, since tracking deviation can be corrected by remote control via a communication line, the configuration is suitable for centralized management from a distance.
全天日射計には例えば水平面全天日射計と、法線面全天日射計とがある。水平面全天日射計は、集光型太陽光発電パネル1と一体的に設置されることは無く、例えば集光型太陽光発電パネル1の近傍に固定的に設置される。水平面全天日射計は、太陽の追尾動作をしない。一方、法線面全天日射計は、法線面で受ける全天光(直達光及び散乱光)を測定するものであり、集光型太陽光発電パネル1と同様に、太陽の追尾動作をする。法線面全天日射計は、集光型太陽光発電パネル1上に設置され一緒に追尾動作をするか、または、集光型太陽光発電パネル1の近傍に設置され単独で追尾動作をする。 FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating still another example of the concentrating solar power generation system. A difference from FIG. 13 is that a direct
For example, there are a horizontal solar radiation meter and a normal surface global solar radiation meter. The horizontal solar radiation meter is not installed integrally with the concentrating solar
機能をコンピュータによって実現させるプログラムとしての観点で簡潔に言えば、集光型太陽光発電装置システムに用いられるプログラムであって、(i)集光型太陽光発電パネルにおける発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンを検出し、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出する機能と、(ii)追尾のずれがある場合には、方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を前記駆動装置に指示する機能とを、コンピュータによって実現させるためのプログラムである。 The control device 400 (FIGS. 13 and 16) may include a computer and software, or may be configured mainly by hardware.
In short, from the viewpoint of a program for realizing the function by a computer, the program is used in a concentrating solar power generation system, and (i) is repeatedly generated over time of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel. A function for detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation by detecting the fluctuation pattern that occurs and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with a form peculiar to azimuth angle deviation and a form peculiar to elevation angle deviation; and (ii) tracking When there is a deviation, the axis that causes the deviation of the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle is specified, and the function of instructing the drive device to correct the angle in the specified axis is realized by a computer. It is a program for.
また、インターネット等の通信回線502を介したプログラムのダウンロードや、サーバ503からASP(Application Service Provider)でのプログラムの利用形態も可能である。 FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating another example of the concentrating solar power generation system. A difference from FIG. 13 is that, for example, a commercially available computer is used as the
Further, it is possible to download a program via a
また、図18、図19においても、図17と同様に、直達日射計に代えて全天日射計を使用することも可能である。 Note that the
Also in FIGS. 18 and 19, as in FIG. 17, it is possible to use a global solarimeter instead of the direct solar radiation meter.
1M 集光型太陽光発電モジュール
3 架台
3a 支柱
3b 基礎
4 追尾センサ
5 直達日射計
5A 全天日射計
11 筐体
11a 底面
11b 鍔部
12 フレキシブルプリント配線板
13 1次集光部
13f フレネルレンズ
14 コネクタ
100 集光型太陽光発電装置
121 フレキシブル基板
122 発電素子
123 2次集光部
200 駆動装置
201a ステッピングモータ
201e ステッピングモータ
202 駆動回路
300 電力計
400 制御装置
500 通信装置
501 記録媒体
502 通信回線
503 サーバ
SP 集光スポット DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (17)
- 集光型太陽光発電パネルと、
前記集光型太陽光発電パネルに、太陽に対する追尾動作をさせる駆動装置と、
前記集光型太陽光発電パネルにおける発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンを検出し、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出する制御装置と
を備えている集光型太陽光発電システム。 A concentrating solar power generation panel;
A driving device for causing the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation with respect to the sun;
By detecting a fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs with time change of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation in elevation angle A concentrating solar power generation system comprising: a control device that detects the presence or absence of tracking deviation. - 前記制御装置は、前記追尾のずれがある場合には、方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を前記駆動装置に指示する請求項1に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 The control device, when there is a tracking shift, specifies an axis that generates a shift out of two axes of an azimuth angle and an elevation angle, and instructs the drive device to correct the angle on the specified axis. Item 4. A concentrating solar power generation system according to item 1.
- 前記制御装置は、前記変動パターンに含まれる鋸歯状の変動パターンが、
(a)徐々に増加してステップ変化時に減少するパターン、及び、
(b)徐々に減少してステップ変化時に増加するパターン、のいずれであるかに基づいて、補正すべき角度の符号を決定する請求項2に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 The control device has a sawtooth variation pattern included in the variation pattern,
(A) A pattern that gradually increases and decreases when the step changes, and
3. The concentrating solar power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the sign of the angle to be corrected is determined based on whether the pattern is a pattern that gradually decreases and increases when the step changes. - 前記制御装置は、予め記憶した、ずれが無い場合の前記発電電力から見て低下した発電電力に基づいて、補正すべき角度の絶対値を決定する請求項2又は請求項3に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 The condensing device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the control device determines an absolute value of an angle to be corrected based on the generated power that is stored in advance and that is reduced as viewed from the generated power when there is no deviation. Type solar power generation system.
- 前記制御装置は、追尾動作に対する発電電力の変化比に基づいて、補正すべき角度の絶対値を決定する請求項2又は請求項3に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 The concentrating solar power generation system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the control device determines an absolute value of an angle to be corrected based on a change ratio of the generated power with respect to the tracking operation.
- 前記集光型太陽光発電パネルは直達日射計を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記直達日射計が検知した直達日射強度が所定値以上である場合にのみ、前記補正を行う、請求項2~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 The concentrating solar power generation panel has a direct solar radiation meter,
The concentrating sunlight according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the control device performs the correction only when the direct solar radiation intensity detected by the direct solar radiation meter is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Power generation system. - 前記制御装置は、太陽が南中する時間帯に、前記補正を行う請求項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 The concentrating solar power generation system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the control device performs the correction during a time zone in which the sun goes south.
- 全天日射計として法線面全天日射計又は水平面全天日射計が設けられ、
法線面全天日射計の場合は、当該法線面全天日射計が検知した法線面全天日射強度が所定値以上である場合、水平面全天日射計の場合は、当該水平面全天日射計が検知した水平面全天日射強度が所定値以上である場合にのみ、前記補正を行う請求項2~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 As a total solar radiation meter, a normal surface horizontal solar radiation meter or a horizontal horizontal solar radiation meter is provided,
In the case of a normal surface solar radiation meter, if the normal surface global solar radiation intensity detected by the normal surface solar radiation meter is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, The concentrating photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the correction is performed only when the horizontal solar radiation intensity detected by the pyranometer is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. - 前記発電電力を測定する電力計の計測信号を送信するとともに前記駆動装置への補正信号を受信する通信装置を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記集光型太陽光発電パネル及び前記駆動装置とは離れた場所に設置され、通信回線を介して前記通信装置と通信を行うことにより、前記計測信号の受信及び前記補正信号の送信を行う請求項2~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の集光型太陽光発電システム。 A communication device that transmits a measurement signal of a power meter that measures the generated power and receives a correction signal to the drive device;
The control device is installed at a location away from the concentrating solar power generation panel and the driving device, and communicates with the communication device via a communication line, thereby receiving the measurement signal and the correction signal. The concentrating solar power generation system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the transmission is performed. - 集光型太陽光発電パネルに太陽の追尾動作をさせる駆動装置を備えた集光型太陽光発電装置における追尾ずれの検出方法であって、
前記集光型太陽光発電パネルの発電電力の経時変化に含まれる変動パターンを検出し、
検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出する、
追尾ずれの検出方法。 A method for detecting a tracking shift in a concentrating solar power generation device including a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a sun tracking operation,
Detecting a fluctuation pattern included in the change over time of the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel,
Detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation by comparing the detected variation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation in elevation angle;
Tracking error detection method. - 集光型太陽光発電パネルに太陽の追尾動作をさせる駆動装置を備えた集光型太陽光発電装置において、前記集光型太陽光発電パネルの発電電力の検知及び前記駆動装置に対する制御を行う制御装置によって実行される追尾ずれの補正方法であって、
前記集光型太陽光発電パネルの発電電力の経時変化に含まれる変動パターンを検出し、
検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出し、
ずれがある場合には、方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、
特定した軸における角度の補正を前記駆動装置に指示する、
追尾ずれの補正方法。 In the concentrating solar power generation apparatus provided with a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform the tracking operation of the sun, control for detecting the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel and controlling the driving apparatus A tracking deviation correction method executed by an apparatus,
Detecting a fluctuation pattern included in the change over time of the generated power of the concentrating solar power generation panel,
By comparing the detected variation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation of azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation of elevation angle, the presence or absence of tracking deviation is detected,
If there is a misalignment, specify the axis that is misaligned from the two axes of azimuth and elevation,
Directing the drive to correct the angle in the identified axis;
Tracking error correction method. - 予め、方位角及び仰角の一方を固定した状態で発電電力の経時変化を測定することにより、ずれが無い場合の発電電力から見て低下した発電電力に対応する他方の角度のずれを調べておく請求項11に記載の追尾ずれの補正方法。 In advance, by measuring the change over time of the generated power with one of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle fixed, the deviation of the other angle corresponding to the generated power reduced from the generated power when there is no deviation is checked. The tracking shift correction method according to claim 11.
- 集光型太陽光発電パネルと、前記集光型太陽光発電パネルに、太陽に対する追尾動作をさせる駆動装置とを備えた集光型太陽光発電装置システムに用いられる制御装置であって、
前記集光型太陽光発電パネルにおける発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンを検出し、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出する機能を搭載した制御装置。 A control device used in a concentrating solar power generation system comprising a concentrating solar power generation panel and a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation on the sun,
By detecting a fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs with time change of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation in elevation angle A control device equipped with a function for detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation. - 前記追尾のずれがある場合には、方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を前記駆動装置に指示する機能を搭載した請求項13に記載の制御装置。 When there is a shift in the tracking, a function of specifying an axis that generates a shift from two axes of an azimuth angle and an elevation angle and instructing the drive device to correct the angle in the specified axis is mounted. 13. The control device according to 13.
- 前記機能は、半導体集積回路によって実現される請求項13又は請求項14に記載の制御装置。 15. The control device according to claim 13, wherein the function is realized by a semiconductor integrated circuit.
- 集光型太陽光発電パネルと、前記集光型太陽光発電パネルに、太陽に対する追尾動作をさせる駆動装置とを備えた集光型太陽光発電装置システムに用いられる追尾ずれの検出プログラムであって、
前記集光型太陽光発電パネルにおける発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンを検出し、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出する機能を、コンピュータによって実現させるための追尾ずれの検出プログラム。 A tracking deviation detection program used in a concentrating solar power generation system including a concentrating solar power generation panel and a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation with respect to the sun. ,
By detecting a fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs with time change of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation in elevation angle A tracking deviation detection program for realizing the function of detecting the presence or absence of tracking deviation by a computer. - 集光型太陽光発電パネルと、前記集光型太陽光発電パネルに、太陽に対する追尾動作をさせる駆動装置とを備えた集光型太陽光発電装置システムに用いられる追尾ずれの補正プログラムであって、
前記集光型太陽光発電パネルにおける発電電力の経時変化に繰り返し生じる変動パターンを検出し、検出した変動パターンを、方位角のずれに特有の形態及び仰角のずれに特有の形態と比較することにより、追尾のずれの有無を検出する機能と、
前記追尾のずれがある場合には、方位角及び仰角の2軸のうち、ずれを生じている軸を特定し、特定した軸における角度の補正を前記駆動装置に指示する機能とを、
コンピュータによって実現させるための追尾ずれの補正プログラム。 A tracking deviation correction program used in a concentrating solar power generation system including a concentrating solar power generation panel and a driving device that causes the concentrating solar power generation panel to perform a tracking operation on the sun. ,
By detecting a fluctuation pattern that repeatedly occurs with time change of the generated power in the concentrating solar power generation panel, and comparing the detected fluctuation pattern with a form peculiar to a deviation in azimuth and a form peculiar to a deviation in elevation angle , The function to detect the presence or absence of tracking deviation,
In the case where there is a tracking deviation, a function of specifying the axis causing the deviation out of the two axes of the azimuth angle and the elevation angle and instructing the drive device to correct the angle in the identified axis,
Tracking shift correction program to be realized by a computer.
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