WO2015085989A1

WO2015085989A1 - Optical extension for a smartphone camera

Info

Publication number: WO2015085989A1
Application number: PCT/DE2014/000633
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas Obrebski
Original assignee: Andreas Obrebski
Priority date: 2013-12-09
Filing date: 2014-12-09
Publication date: 2015-06-18

Abstract

Disclosed is an optical extension for a smartphone camera, characterized in that the optical beam path of the extension is folded, the extension comprising a mechanical device which allows the extension to be joined to the smartphone containing the camera in such a way that the optical axis of the smartphone camera at the outlet of the smartphone camera coincides with the optical axis of the extension at the inlet of said extension.

Description

Optical extension for a smartphone camera

The invention relates to an optical extension for a smartphone camera or a camera on a mobile or other compact device (tablet PC or laptop), in particular a telephoto lens, a telescope or a microscope, according to independent claim 1.

motivation

The smartphone cameras are often ideal for group and extensive landscape photography nowadays, but they are due to the large FOV (Field Of View) and missing optical zoom, not suitable for detail, person and Portraitaufhahmen. Video recording and the photographing of astronomical objects and events are also closed to them. Likewise, each compact camera loses its own image design through targeted selection and enlargement of the image section, by means of which the image components can be suitably weighted. There is a real need here.

State of the art

The great need for these missing features was already recognized years ago and some smartphone manufacturers tried to equip their devices with optical zoom, but with little convincing results. The quality of the Zooms was very bad, at the same time, the smartphones equipped with it were large, thick and clunky against the general trend and customer demand. After just two years (2007 and 2008), these devices by Nokia and Samsung have disappeared from the European and North American markets. Successors are still to be found in Asia, where the size of the devices does not play such a major role as in Europe or America.

Instead of the built-in optical zoom, external optical extensions were then increasingly offered for placement on the smartphone, for example those with telephoto property (case 1). At the moment there are solutions with 6x, 8x, 10x and 12x magnification in the market. Their principal optical arrangement with Kepler telescope is shown in Fig. 1 (a), approximate appearance is outlined in Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 1 (c) shows another possible optical arrangement (Galilean telescope), but probably not offered becomes. Because of the beam path running only perpendicular to the smartphone, the extension spreads from the smartphone and makes the arrangement bulky, unwieldy and therefore not ergonomic. The list of disadvantages of these extensions is long:

1. High weight 2. Large volume, where

3. Weight and volume distribution not compact but stretched and perpendicular to the smartphone runs (see Fig. 1 (b)) and this leads to

4. Big levers that cause high moments even with small weights. Therefore, the devices, especially when assembled

5. Poorly transportable and

6. Align and hold poorly shake-free

7. Therefore require relatively large and stable tripods, especially at higher magnifications, which further increases the overall weight and transportation problems.

8. If you want to reduce the weight in which correction optics are saved, suffers the already not famous quality.

9. The connection between the extension and the smartphone is not particularly stable, the resulting sensitivity requires increased attention and extra care in handling the device, spoiling both ergonomics and fun.

10. The extensions are not immediately ready for use, need to be connected with some effort and time with the smartphone.

As a further solution (Case 2) is also offered a connection between the smartphone and a pair of binoculars, wherein an optical beam path of the binoculars serves as a telephoto lens. For a hefty price of about $ 70 US (pre-order) or $ 95 US (normal price) you get an even clunkier solution, where you can use an existing binoculars additionally as such, but depending on the binoculars only marginally better result delivers as the existing in the smartphone anyway, but lossy digital zoom. In most cases, only the resolution of the magnified image improves, the light distribution and optical errors are often even worse. The disadvantages are up to the point 8 the same as above for the telephoto extension. In addition, only one optical channel of the binoculars is used, and here too the heavy and complex image erection is actually superfluous, it could be software-moderately completely free of weight realize. Furthermore, the connection mechanism is quite heavy and very unwieldy.

Most and the biggest problems in both cases are caused by the fact that the entire optical beam path of the extension and thus its optical axis runs almost perpendicular to the smartphone. task

It is therefore the object of the present invention to remedy the shortcomings described above of existing solutions, at least in part, and to find an optical extension that provides the desired function (telephoto, microscope, etc.), without the smart phone with the extension clunky , becomes unwieldy and not ergonomic. The object is achieved with an optical extension according to independent claim 1. Advantageous developments can be found in the subclaims.

Description of the invention

The solution to the problem consists essentially in the folding of the optical beam path. The weight and the volume are thereby reduced significantly only in case 2 (connector to the binoculars), in case 1 (telephoto extension) by additional or additional mirrors even slightly increased. Therefore, the folded arrangement is not obvious, because it is more expensive and expensive in design and manufacturing due to more optical elements and correspondingly high adjustment requirements. The advantages of the acquired ergonomics become clear only at second glance. What is significantly changed by the folding is the weight and volume distribution, which is very compact close to the smartphone. This causes the particularly disturbing torques to decrease by up to an order of magnitude, which results in better transportability and alignability. You can use smaller tripods. Additional correction optics are not so negative in weight, so can be used rather. The connection with the smartphone almost inevitably falls over a large area and thus robust. This allows a fast and compact snap connection can be realized, which allows an almost immediate use, or the extension can remain mounted on the smartphone, because the composite arrangement is not so bulky.

The folding preferably ensures that the optical beam path and thus the optical axis of the extension runs at least partially along the smartphone surface. This means that the optical axis of the extension has in sections an angle different from 90 ° to the smartphone surface, preferably this angle is less than or equal to 45 °, more preferably this angle is less than 30 °. By way of example, it should be preferred here: over half of the path within the extension.

The folding can be at fixed angles. However, it can be realized in some applications with variable angles. The folding can be realized with the help of mirrors but also by prisms. These can also be made rotatable and / or movable.

It makes sense, but not essential, that the mounted extension provides a way to operate the smartphone camera by bypassing or disabling the extension. This function may be useful for finding the object that you actually want to magnify with the camera with ease, positioning it in the center of the frame, and then only turning on the magnification. This is especially useful for astronomy applications and nature observation on Earth. This function can be realized by removing the input lens and / or the first (input) mirror from the beam path, for. B. in which the input lens and / or the mirror are moved.

The attachment part of the extension to the smartphone can make sense, but not necessarily, take over a protective function for the smartphone. This attachment part may, but not necessarily, be separable from the actual optical extension and serve as a protective cover or protective frame.

The extension may contain information for some applications and / or deliver it to the smartphone, e.g. B. position and / or orientation in space, relative and / or absolute, concerning the entire extension and / or their parts, in particular optical axes.

The extension may include manual or motorized actuation. This can be supported and / or controlled by software on the smartphone (eg to find celestial bodies or to follow them over time).

If some (more than 1) optical elements are movable, they can be coupled together to make the control particularly easy.

In order to keep the correction of optical errors of the extension particularly simple, the unit Smartphone and extension can have the possibility to measure the Point Spread Function (PSF), in order to remedy the optical errors software-wise retrospectively. This can save a lot of weight, which is always important for mobile devices. The measurement of the PSF is preferably location-dependent, but preferably with a resolution that is significantly smaller than the camera resolution.

By eliminating the second optical channel and preferably also the image erection, the solution according to the invention is significantly easier and more space-saving than the compound to the remote glass solution (case 2). In the description, the term smartphone is often representative of both smartphone and other mobile or compact devices such as a laptop PC or tablet PC.

Lenses and lens-mirror combinations can be replaced with non-plane mirrors.

Fig. 1 (a) Prior art: Functional sketch smartphone with extension containing simple Kepler arrangement as a telephoto lens viewed from the side.

Fig. 1 (b) Prior art: View sketch smartphone with extension containing simple Kepler arrangement

Fig. 1 (c) Function sketch Smartphone with extension containing simple Galilei arrangement Fig. 2 Prior art: Function sketch smartphone with binoculars

Fig. 3 Funktionssskizzen smartphone with inventive extension containing folded stationary Kepler arrangement

(a) first solution

(b) second solution

(c) third solution

(d) fourth solution

(e) first solution for rather small magnifications

(f first solution for rather higher magnifications

(g) simplified solution without output mirror

Fig. 4 Funktionssskizzen smartphone with inventive extension containing folded variable Kepler arrangement

(a) Solution with output mirror

(b) simplified solution without output mirror

Fig. 5 Funktionssskizze laptop with inventive extension containing folded Kepler arrangement

Fig. 6 Functional sketch tablet PC with inventive extension containing folded Kepler arrangement for the front camera

Fig. 7 Functional sketch tablet PC with inventive extension containing folded Kepler arrangement for the rear camera

Fig. 8 (a) A solution as in Fig. 3 (a) with additional field lens

(b) A solution as in Fig. 3 (a) with non-planar mirror

Fig. 9 Funktionsssizizze smartphone with inventive extension, containing three times folded stationary Kepler arrangement

Fig. 10 Screen layout of the smartphone for the supporting software Fig. 11 proposal for the control panel of the software

Fig. 12 (a) simple slider

(b) cascaded slider

Fig. 13 Extension according to the invention with specially adapted geometry for use as a hit display on a shooting range.

1 (a) schematically illustrates the function of the optics of the telephoto extension 22 for the smartphone camera 2 of a smartphone 1. The optical beam path at the exit of the camera and within the entire extension point in the same direction and extend along the optical axis 7 of FIG Camera and the optical axis 77 of the extension, wherein the two optical axes coincide. The optics of the extension here forms a telescope in Kepler arrangement with an intermediate image (not shown) between the eyepiece 3 and the lens 4 and with a picture reversal. The arrangement includes an optical device, usually again between the eyepiece 3 and the lens 4, for image erection. This image reversal optics is not shown here. The image erection can also be implemented in the smartphone software, without the heavy and expensive Bildumkehroptik. The image reversal optics is usually realized with prisms. The Kepler arrangement is preferably used at higher magnifications. The arrow on the optical axis 7 also indicates the viewing direction of the camera in the following figures.

Fig. 1 (b) schematically illustrates the appearance of the overall arrangement of the smartphone 1 and the telephoto extension 22 within the associated housing 34. The attachment device for the extension has not been shown for the sake of simplicity.

FIG. 1 (c) schematically illustrates the function of the telephoto extension 23 for the smartphone camera 2 of a smartphone 1, similar to FIG. 1 (a). Here, however, instead of the Kepler arrangement 22, the Galilei arrangement 23 with eyepiece 3 and objective became 4 and optical axis 7/77. Although the Galilei arrangement has the advantage that it can be designed significantly shorter because it has no intermediate image. The decisive disadvantage of the Galilei arrangement, however, is the fact that it allows enlargement by more than a factor of 3 only with great effort, whereas the Kepler arrangement allows significantly higher magnification factors. It is not known if the Galileo order is even offered in the market. It differs from the Kepler arrangement by an eyepiece 3 with negative refractive power. There is no image reversal and there is no intermediate image.

Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the arrangement with binoculars 24 (Case 2). In front of the camera 2 of the Smartphones 1, an optical channel 33 of the two optical channels 33 and 33 'with the optical axes 7 and T of the binoculars 24 is arranged. The optical channels are designed as Kepler telescopes each with eyepiece 3 and 3 'and lens 4 and 4'. The image reversal of the arrangement is reversed in each case with the corresponding image reversing device 11 and 11 ', which makes sense in the usual purpose of use. When used with the smartphone camera, the image reversal hardware-free software can be done in the smartphone, so the heavy image reversal device is redundant, as well as a second optical channel.

Fig. 3 (a) schematically illustrates an optical extension according to the invention for smart phone camera 2 of a smartphone 1. The optical beam path with the optical axis 7 with the sections 8, 9 and 10 was by means of the mirrors (it could also be prisms, in general: Deflection devices) 5 and 6 folded, so that the optical beam path initially in the section 8 is substantially perpendicular to the smartphone surface, but then in section 9 substantially along the smartphone surface, although not necessarily parallel thereto. Since the optical axes of the beam paths of the camera and the extension are essentially congruent, a distinction was made here. The arrangement of the optical elements is here in the following order: the camera follows the eyepiece of the extension, then the first deflection mirror 5, the second deflection mirror 6 and then the lens 4. The entrance of the extension is thus the optical opening of the device by the " Camera view "penetrates into the device and the output of the device is the optical opening of the device through the" camera view "leaves the device. The input and the output of the device are thus defined by the viewing direction (contrary to the direction of the optical radiation). The input is thus eyepiece-sided, the output lens-side. The optical aperture could simply be a mechanical aperture (a hole) or a (glass) window or lens. In order to keep drawings simple, only the optical axes were drawn to the optical beam paths. The beam paths are denoted by the same reference numbers as the associated optical axes or sub-axes.

FIG. 3 (b) schematically illustrates another possibility of the optical expansion according to the invention for the smartphone camera 2 of a smartphone 1. The only difference from the variant in FIG. 3 (a) is that the objective 4 is arranged in front of and not behind the mirror 6 is.

FIG. 3 (c) schematically illustrates a further possibility of the optical extension according to the invention for the smartphone camera 2 of a smartphone 1. The only difference to the variant Ante in Fig. 3 (a) is that the eyepiece 3 is located behind and not in front of the mirror 5.

FIG. 3 (d) schematically illustrates another possibility of the optical expansion according to the invention for the smartphone camera 2 of a smartphone 1. Here, the eyepiece 3 is arranged behind the mirror 5 and the objective 4 in front of the mirror 6. This arrangement is particularly suitable for rotatably supporting the lenses 3 and 4 and thus realizing a Kepler magnification changer. The movable magnification changer can also be extended by further stationary optics, preferably outside the actual changer.

3 (e) substantially corresponds to FIG. 3 (a), it is only more clearly pointed out that the beam path section 9 does not necessarily have to run parallel to the smartphone surface, but can face the smartphone between the mirrors 5 and 6 approach. This case will preferably occur at smaller magnifications. It is clear that the mirrors are no longer at an angle of 45 ° to the smartphone.

Fig. 3 (f) substantially corresponds to Fig. 3 (a), it is only more clearly shown that the beam path portion 9 does not necessarily have to run parallel to the smartphone surface, but can be from the smartphone between the mirrors 5 and 6 remove. This case will preferably occur at larger magnifications. It is clear that the mirrors are no longer at an angle of 45 ° to the smartphone.

3 (g) essentially corresponds to FIG. 3 (b), only the deflecting mirror 6 has been omitted, so that the optical beam path is not redirected again in the direction substantially perpendicular to the smartphone, but continues to run essentially along the smartphone , This solution offers z. For example, if you want to photograph upstairs (eg skyscrapers, airplanes, trees) without having to hold the smartphone over your head.

The optical extension according to the invention for smartphone camera 2 of a smartphone 1 were shown in Fig. 3 on the basis of a Kepler telescope. It could just as well have been a Galilean telescope. Likewise, it could have been a microscope arrangement, possibly using a different number of optics. A lens in this document often stands for a lens group. All folded extensions are within the scope of the invention. It should also be noted that all solutions in FIG. 3 and the following figures show a hardware-like image reversal, e.g. B. by suitable prism arrangement (11 in Fig. 2) may contain. However, solutions with software image rotation and without hardware-specific image rotation are preferred because it allows very flexible adaptation to the number of mirrors and the smartphone location (normal, "upside down", ...) can go down. Furthermore, this saves weight, components and thus money, the adjustment and production costs are lower, the absorption, scattering and reflection losses are also lower and there are fewer problems with the scattered light. Hardware solutions are only an advantage for particularly time-critical applications.

Fig. 4 (a) shows one of the arrangement similar to Fig. 3 (a). In Fig. 4 (a), however, the optical elements are at least partially movable, which in addition to translation expressly also the rotation may be meant. For example, the mirror 5 can rotate and the mirror 6 both rotated and moved. Also lens 4 can be moved. The movement of the optical elements can be coupled together in order to be able to ensure the optimum alignment of the optical elements at any time without further adjustment. The possibility of movement was indicated by arrows.

A possible application of this solution would be a device for observation of celestial bodies. You could by an optional tripod, a software on the smartphone to z. As mechanics to control or position and / or orientation determination be supplemented and would form a very compact mobile astronomical unit. Due to the very small exit pupil of the smartphone camera, the other optics would also be very compact.

In the solution of Fig. 4 (b), the second deflecting mirror 6 has been omitted. Astronomical applications are also possible, but it is not quite as flexible with adjusting the angle of the display and the direction of observation, but so a mirror and a lot of mechanics is saved.

5 shows a further variant of the optical extension according to the invention, here for a laptop PC 1, consisting of part Γ, usually with keyboard, and part 1 ", usually with a screen It is achieved that the webcam 2 is not the operator but looking away from him, in which the optical axis 7 is deflected with the sections 8, 9 and 10 via the deflecting mirrors 5 and 6 behind the laptop PC.When the lenses 3 and 4 are omitted, the magnification of the camera is maintained with This solution is convenient if you want to control images on the screen with the laptop camera without being in the picture yourself.Some optical elements, preferably mirrors 5 and 6 and the lens 4, are preferably movable executed because the angle between the laptop parts Γ and 1 "is rarely a right angle. This angle is usually variable set, so the extension should be adjustable with respect to the beam guidance. This can but z. Example, for the cases where the angle between the laptop parts Γ and 1 "is known (eg., Particularly ergonomic or preferred angle) and the beam guide in the extension is fixed to it, so that the optical elements does not move Need to become.

FIG. 6 shows a further variant of the optical extension according to the invention, here for a tablet PC 1 with the front camera 2 '(on the display side). The beam path is similar to that in FIG. 5, but the angle between the sections 8 and 10 of the optical axis 7 is non-zero from the outset, in contrast to FIG. 5, where both sections 8 and 10 are parallel to each other. Again, the lenses 3 and 4 can be omitted to leave the magnification at 1. A flexible solution contains at least one movable optical element.

7 shows a further variant of the optical extension according to the invention, in this case for a tablet PC 1 with the rear camera 2 "(side facing away from the display.) Here, too, the sections 9 and 10 of the optical axis can be used with the optical elements 7, as indicated by the dashed arrows This solution is preferably used at higher magnifications For lower magnifications and magnification 1, the extension around the section 8 of the optical axis 7 can be rotated by 180 °, since in this case the section 9 the optical axis is relatively short.

If the solution is performed in Fig. 4 (a) with no moving parts, it can be used for specific tasks, e.g. B. Taking pictures with a tablet PC. Because of the size and weight, a tablet PC may not necessarily be held up for taking pictures. In order to still be able to use the display, the tablet is held at an angle and the camera axis is deflected by the extension, s. It is conceivable to use the extension without lenses and only with mirrors to achieve an ergonomic position when photographing alone.

The optical axis 7 of the extension with the sections 8, 9 and 10 preferably extends in a plane. However, applications are conceivable where the sections do not run in one plane. The effects are parallel offset of the image axis and / or image rotation of the camera image. Both effects can be software-corrected if necessary.

The extension or the connector to the smartphone preferably includes a mechanical interface to a tripod or other mounting option formed preferably as standard as internal thread. Regardless, parts of the extension or the connector to the smartphone may be designed to change the location of the overall arrangement of the extension and the smartphone in the room controlled to change or hold.

The eyepiece of the extension may consist of more than one lens, eg. To increase field of view or FOV (field of view) or to correct optical errors or both. Also, the lens may consist of more than one lens, here rather to correct optical errors. Frequently used eyepieces contain two lenses: the actual eyepiece lens and a field lens. These lenses are usually spatially separated. For even larger FOV and better optical quality, additional lenses can be added. In order for our arrangement to be as compact as possible, the lenses may be spaced such that the first mirror 5 (in Fig. 8 (a)) lies between the eyepiece lenses, here 3 'and 3 ", and our arrangement is, for example, as shown in Fig If the mirror does not succeed in positioning the mirror between the eyepiece lenses, the height of the assembly will increase unnecessarily because the mirror can only be positioned after the eyepiece lenses and the compactness is partially lost Fig. 8 (a). corresponds to the arrangement of Fig. 3 (a) except for the newly added field lens 3 ". Thus, the camera 2 of the smartphone 1 looks through the eyepiece lens 3 'in the direction 8 onto the deflection mirror 5, where the beam direction is deflected. Then it goes through the lens 3 "in the direction 9 on the deflection mirror 6, where the beam direction is deflected and then through the lens 4 in the direction 10, in which the extension is left.

The mirrors do not necessarily have to be flat, but can also have "optical power". This could be z. B. at least part of the task of the field lens or the actual eyepiece are taken over by a mirror, s. 8 (b), where the mirror 5 is designed as a concave mirror. Of course, the mirror can also be a free-form mirror or convex mirror. Thus, the camera 2 of the smartphone 1 again looks through the eyepiece lens 3 'in the direction 8 onto the non-planar deflection mirror 5, where the beam direction is deflected. Then it passes through the lens 3 "in the direction 9 to the deflection mirror 6, where the beam direction is deflected and then through the lens 4 in the direction 10, in which the extension is left. The lenses 3 'and 3" are optional in this case , They can also be designed as negative lenses, despite their presentation as positive lenses.

For the correction of the optical defects, it is also possible to use the virtually volume-free diffractive lenses (lenses which are realized by diffractive optical elements, DOEs). the. They are suitable for such space-critical applications. You could find particular use in a version of the expansion according to the invention, which serves as a hit indicator for sports shooters. Because of the low field of view (FOV), the resulting "ghost spots" may possibly be placed outside the area of interest. They can also be corrected relatively easily by suitable software, because the recorded image (the target) is very well known except for a few places (hits).

It is conceivable to fold the beam path more than once or twice, for. B. three times or four times to produce suitable long optical paths, especially for higher magnifications. In this case, one or more mirrors or prisms can be substantially perpendicular to the smartphone level. Thus, not only one but several parts of the beam path can be guided substantially parallel (<30 °, preferably <10 °) to the smartphone level, s. Fig. 9 (a), (b) and (c), where by folding three times three parts of the optical beam path along the smartphone plane.

Fig. 9 (a) shows a side view of the arrangement, showing only the next parts to the viewer, which are located in Fig. 9 (c) below the imaginary parting line 100. This part initially resembles (coming from the camera 2 of the smartphone 1 in the direction 8 through the eyepiece lens 3 on the deflection mirror 5 and then in the direction 7) the arrangements of Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (g). However, the mirror 6 does not direct the beam path away from the smartphone 1 here, but again along the smartphone, but at an angle of 90 °. Although this angle of 90 ° is obvious, it is not absolutely necessary. The mirror 6 (and 6 ') itself is now substantially perpendicular to the smartphone level. The further course of the beam path can best be followed with reference to FIG. 9 (c): the beam path deflected in the direction T by the deflection mirror 6 strikes the deflection mirror 6 'and is deflected again in direction 7 ", the objective 4 and leaves the arrangement.

Fig. 9 (b) shows a side view of the arrangement with only the parts remote from the observer shown in Fig. 9 (c) above the imaginary parting line 100 and looking in the direction T. The deflection mirror 6 'deflects the beam path in the direction 7 ", this passes through the lens 4 and leaves the arrangement.

From the drawings, it is already apparent that preferably the beam path of the extension extends substantially above the smartphone level and that preferably the length and the width of the device are smaller than the length and the width of the smartphone. This arises from the demand for compactness of the overall arrangement. Also, the first deflected part of the observation beam path (extending away from the camera in the direction of the camera) preferably faces the farthest edge of the smartphone (see Fig. 9 (c)) or the second-most edge, rarely the next edge. This way you can realize long optical paths right from the beginning, before you have to fold again. Long optical paths along the smartphone are not so annoying and do not affect the compactness as negatively as paths or parts that point away from the smartphone. These should be kept well below 50%, preferably below 30%, more preferably below 20%. The length of the first partial optical axis 8 between the input of the device and the first deflection device 5 is preferably smaller than the length of at least one further partial optical axis, more preferably smaller than half the length of a further partial axis. The first partial optical axis is preferably at an angle between 75 ° and 105 °, more preferably at an angle between 85 ° and 95 °, on a further partial optical axis.

Of course, all variants and partial variants presented here can be combined or replaced with each other. Such solutions also fall within the scope of the application.

The device according to the invention must be firmly and reproducibly attached to the smartphone. For this purpose, the device preferably has a coupling mechanism which directly receives the smartphone or indirectly establishes a mechanical connection to the smartphone by coupling the mechanism to a smartphone receiving device. This smartphone cradle could also serve as a smartphone case. This coupling mechanism could z. B. be a dovetail or another guide, preferably with click closure. Such a connection would be solid, robust and fast.

Except for telephoto function, astronomy and nature observation in particular the arrangements of Fig. 3 (g) and Fig. 9 are also suitable for sport shooters as a hit display. Because of the long distance and the relatively small target, it is advisable to use the digital zoom in addition to the telephoto lens in order to optimally perceive the hits. In this case, the digital zoom is preferably from the range factor 2 to 20, more preferably from the range 4 to 10. The magnification factor of the telephoto lens is preferably selected such that

M, ele X Mdigj / FOV for the lOm shooting range in about 1.33 (from 0.66 to 2.66), for the 25m level by 1.1 (from 0.55 to 2.2) and for the 50m level by 2.2 (from 1.1 to 4.4). It is Mteie: Magnification factor of the telephoto lens

Mdigi: Factor of the digital zoom

FOV: Field of View / field of view of the smartphone camera

Taking the shooting range and target geometry into account, the same results for the less common 15m, 100m and 300m stands. The default is that the target should preferably occupy at least half the screen width of the smartphone on one side, on the other hand should be at least half (at good shooters at least a quarter) of the target height and width to see. As a further constraint could be sought in digital zoom that a camera pixel corresponds to a screen pixel. However, the optimal size of the image may require a higher value of the digital zoom. You probably choose a value in between.

When choosing the telephoto lens, the price also plays a role, with a higher magnification costs more at the same quality. The above formula indicates the latitudes in the choice of the magnification factor of the telephoto lens. Thus one realizes an inexpensive variant with a smaller telephoto magnification M _te i _e and a larger digital zoom M _d igi.

Since only a small field of view is required in the sportsman's version, there are some freedoms in the ocular design, so the field lens u. May be omitted or moved significantly so that it is not in the way of placing the first mirror in the way. The aberrations of the optics could be treated by achromats or apochromats both in the eyepiece and in the lens or by alternative special design.

Since the Schützenstandgeometrie (height of the target center, distance to the target, height of the tray table before the shooter) is known in Fig. 13, the bottom 83 of the housing 84 of the extension 85 of the invention, which is parallel to the plate 81 of the tray, with a small Angle 4 (82,83) against the outgoing optical axis 82 are executed. This angle is in the case of the 10m-level, taking into account the tolerances allowed 2.0 ° - 4.3 °, in the case of 25m-level 1.6 ° - 2.1 °, which one chooses best an angle of 3 °. If the arrangement 80 is deposited from the smartphone 1 with the camera 2 and the extension 85 according to the invention on the plate 81 of the storage table in front of the shooter, it immediately shows approximately in the height of the target center and can be aligned by turning sideways immediately to the target. The possible rest alignment can be made on the touch screen of the smartphone by swiping gestures. Then the entire device practically no longer needs to be changed in height or inclination, what in Omission of the adjusting screws u. Ä. Can result and with what the extension even more compact.

Of course you can also realize the hit display with a spotting scope or binoculars, which you have put the smartphone suitable to view the observation beam path with the smartphone camera. Or one can realize the hit display with a stand-alone compact or system camera, which communicates wirelessly or by wire with the smartphone in order to output the image information on the smartphone screen. In these cases you do not need to program any image inversion. These solutions are, however, voluminous, hardly ergonomic, to cumbersome and complex and miss any compactness. In addition, plenty of money has to be paid for sufficient quality, so that this solution is significantly more expensive overall, because cheap devices are simply not able to provide an acceptable picture.

A special feature compared to spotting scopes and telephoto and zoom cameras is our focus device. The extension according to the invention itself preferably has only a relatively rough possibility to set the focus or possibly none at all. For focussing or fine focussing, preference is given to using a focusing device of the smartphone itself, which has been specially upgraded in terms of software. This upgraded focusing device has a particularly fine adjustment of the focus (this is about the accuracy of the specification for focus removal) despite touchscreen operation. This particularly fine adjustment of the focus is complemented by a particularly fine controllability of the focus, whereby any hysteresis effects are considered in the control, s. further down. The controllability of the focus is about the ability to follow the defocusing presetting and to set exactly that focus distance. A comparably fine mechanical focus device on a spotting scope or on our extension would be very expensive, expensive and space consuming and could not be operated so easily by far. The better operation is also related to the good decoupling of the focusing mechanism of the control element, which is an image on the touch screen and can be operated almost free of force together. A spotting scope can not offer that because here the optical beam path is coupled with the adjustment mechanism. In addition to the more convenient and accurate focus setting and thus more detailed images, the solution of the invention allows tremendous cost savings in space and weight compared to a mechanical focusing mechanism outside the smartphone and has to offer a lot of ergonomics. Furthermore, the viewer or the sports shooter, by the non-ergonomic posture and the Augenzukneifen when using the spotting scope and consequent tensions, often not enough relax the eye muscles and does not find the right focus, because his eye constantly refocuses. A relaxed view with focus at infinity is desired, on the one hand because of the ergonomics, on the other hand because of the reproducibility of the setting, otherwise work two focusing devices, the spotting scope and the eye, against each other. This artifact, which is very common, although individually very different, is not possible in the expansion according to the invention, because the geometric beam path to the eye is interrupted by the electronics. Between the object and the image sensor (smartphone camera chip), there is only a Feinfokussiervorrichtung and this works undisturbed and unambiguous. The focusing device of the eye can no longer intervene there. The eye clearly focuses only on the screen, but this has nothing to do with the actual focusing of the object.

The extension or connector to the smartphone may be a target device, e.g. B. have sight and grain to align the arrangement easier. For smaller magnifications <8 x only partially necessary, it is from about 10 x z. T. desirable. Such a target device is also suitable for spotting scopes, because they usually have high magnifications.

Another advantage of the expansion according to the invention as a hit display for the shooter is the extensive software that supports the shooter in training and competition. A spotting scope or telephoto lens on the camera alone can not provide such support. An example of such software is presented below on the basis of a specification of the software. This is a preferred embodiment, many other variants are conceivable. The underlying smartphone has a screen with 960 x 540 pixels and 10.85 cm (4.27 inches) screen size and a camera with 8MPixel.

Specifications sketch for the associated software:

Basic module:

The screen (resolution 960 × 540 pixels) 101 of the smartphone 1 in FIGS. 10 and 13 is displayed in information area 102 (top), display area 103 (center / 540 × 540 pixels, preferably basically substantially square) and operating area 104 (below ) divided into three parts. The smartphone lies with the upper screen area facing the viewer. So the screen output "must be done upside down. Display / display area 103: The image information from the camera is mirrored on the vertical axis, so the left and right are reversed. Here the target is shown with physical hits.

Operating area 104: The operating area is shown in more detail in FIG. 11. Here are the digital zoom controls on the left and the focus controls on the right.

Digital Zoom:

A digital zoom up to 10x is required, continuously adjustable with a slider, but for reasons of space only appears for the time of adjustment in the display area One possible embodiment is shown in Fig. 12 (a) The slider 110 is from the slider channel 111 and the slider 112, which can be moved in the direction of the arrow (see dashed arrow) Two zoom settings, the values of which are indicated by the lengths of the indicator bars 141 and 145, are to be stored and can be set via switches ("buttons"). ) 142 and 146 can be retrieved. The display bars 141 and 145 are respectively in the switches 142 and 146. Thus, the display and control function are combined to save space in one element. In addition, a lx zoom switch 144 is needed to locate the target and coarse alignment with a small zoom. The switches 142 and 146 should be elongate and include a display bar indicating the zoom factor or the zoom factor should appear as a number on the switch surface of a now not necessarily oblong switch. The slider 110 (FIG. 12 (a)) appears on the left side of the display area when the zoom switch 143 is pressed, and the last used zoom factor is preset. It disappears when the zoom switch 143 is pressed again, whereby the set zoom value is retained. Or by pressing one of the two switches 142 and 146, wherein the set zoom value is maintained, the switch is assigned and stored. In total there are 4 switches for the zoom functions.

Focus:

The quality of the hit display stands and falls with a good focus on the target, since the hits are very small. For the manual continuous focus adjustment, the switch 147 is provided, as well as the slider appearing on the right of the display area in the display area (see Fig. 12 (a)). Optionally included is a focus distance indicator bar 148 on the focus display panel 149. This display can also be used as a focus quality indicator, in which e.g. B. the contrast value is displayed. This could make the focus easier round by looking for the maximum contrast value. By pressing the switch 147 again, the slider disappears, whereby the found setting is accepted and stored.

Normally, the resolution of the slider is not sufficient to set the optimum focus. Here cascaded fine adjustment helps, which is explained in the following example: with the slider 112, the focus is roughly adjusted with a vertical movement on the screen. Without putting your finger down z. B. a swipe gesture to the right and it appears as in Fig. 12 (b), another slider 120 with the slider channel 121 and the slider 122. He is z. B. associated with the same length only a tenth of the focus area, which ten times resolution is available. The middle of the new fine adjustment area is where the coarse adjustment was left, which is perceived as intuitive. Ie. after the swipe gesture, the slider 122 is in the middle of the slider channel 121. The coarse slider 110 of FIG. 12 (a) is now shown in paler or lower contrast and is shown in the new arrangement as 110 'in FIG. 12 (b). to see. The slider 112 'remains in its last position within the slider channel at the last coarse focus value. The assignment of the fine slider 120 to a small range of focus values is indicated by the mapping arrow 130 and the miniature 120 'of the fine slider 120 on the slider 112', the mapping arrow 130 connecting the slider 120 and its miniature 120 '. Of course, the fine adjustment can be cascaded again if necessary. The focus should therefore preferably be able to be set in different fineness levels.

However, the just presented possibility of fine adjustment only makes sense if the focus itself can actually follow the fine adjustment. Due to z. T. different hysteresis effects is not always the case. Therefore, it makes sense to measure these hysteresis effects and to consider them accordingly during the activation, be it by means of a suitable hysteresis curve or by values stored in a table with which the focus device of the smartphone camera can be appropriately controlled. Example: after a focus shift around the value x with the aid of the drive signal y, one returns to -x in the starting position with the aid of a drive signal -z, with z> y. Without hysteresis, z = y would hold.

Of course, the sliders can be replaced with knobs or other setting instruments. Also conceivable is a voice control, wherein at most the values of the changed parameters and variables are displayed. Information area: Information about the software is made here.

The base module can run in HDR (High Dynamic Range) mode to better detect the black hits on the black background. Since the target contains only two colors: black and beige, a special, faster HDR mode is proposed. Here, instead of three and more shots, only two are made. Preferably, this HDR mode is not implemented adjustable. The exposure measurement takes place z. B. in black for the first shot, the distance to the beige is known from preliminary tests and thus the second shot can be made without further exposure measurement or you once performs the exposure measurement in black and once in the beige. If the smartphone hardware does not manage these tasks fast enough, you may be able to forego HDR and expose only in black, because here the different color values (the target's black and the black of the hits) are closest to each other. Or you can give the smartphone more time, in which the hit display appears with a small delay.

Module 1: Here it is important to determine where the hit is (in screen coordinates) and whether a shot has been dropped at all. The best results on the screen are obtained by subtracting the image content before and after the shot. The artifacts of other shooter's shooting activities (without hitting their own target) are most easily resolved by making the result of subtracting the image content above a certain threshold, and this value was gained away from the other hits. If this value was obtained adjacent to another hit, it may be set to z. B. 1/10 are reduced (double hit). The extraction of the first image content takes place immediately after the training / competition start. The next image content is won after each next shot. The shot is registered by the acoustic signal on the microphone input of the smartphone and serves as a trigger. For trigger evaluation, a lower than maximum resolution of the image information can be used to get the fastest possible results. Basically, for speed reasons (also with HDR / high dynamic range applications), preferably not the entire image is evaluated, but only the displayed part possibly extends by a safety margin, which preferably ends at the edge of the target at the latest.

Display range: Here the last hit can be very noticeable, eg. B. red / poison green or signal yellow or quickly pulsating. The penultimate hit is conspicuous, z. B. bicolor or slowly pulsating. All hits in front of it will be unchanged or black or shown with a thin outer ring. Possibly. Each hit can be provided with its shot number.

Information area: Information about the software is made here. Operating area: s. basic version

Module 2: Determines where the hit is located, in target wheel coordinates (with origin / origo in the center of the target) and what is the hit value. The hit value is equal to the smallest ring number of a ring within which the innermost (next to the target center) point of the hit is or a ring of the hit (also from the outside!) Is touched. Here it is necessary that the target by z. B. Object recognition algorithms is detected that the target center and the rings are displayed in target coordinates. For this purpose, a picture with maximum contrast can be created in which all colors below a certain value (here really only black) are converted to deep black, all colors above a certain value (here actually only beige) are converted to white. The difference of the image thus created and the image represented by functions (obtained from object recognition) should be minimal, ideally equal to zero.

Information area: The information area is pretty packed here. In addition to information on the software and possibly company name and logo, up to ten last scores (numbers) are displayed consecutively, starting from the left, in groups a five values (at the border to the scoreboard). Far from right, the average score is displayed (also at the border to the display area), above the right the shot number is displayed (here preferably in inverse font). After the last shot, the total number of rings is displayed here. Above the hit values left the remaining time is displayed. After every 5 shots a warning can be given that the target must be changed and a new series should be started. After 40 shots, for example, training or competition stop and evaluation, storage of the results (hit values, numbers, times, hit position) and at least 1 image per 5-series are carried out.

Display range: s. Module 1

Operating area: s. Basic version. There is also a switch for training or competition start, which changes into stop switch mode after pressing. If this switch is pressed, the evaluation is forced (eg during a workout abort).

Module 3: Here is the connection to social networks (FaceBook, Twitter, even YouTube: Here is a short standard movie or a short slide show or a standard protocol (with possibility of comments input) created and uploaded) (eg., Name / pseudonym, club, competition) and possibly a connection to the cloud with data storage ,

Module 4: A list of clubs with GPS co-ordinates is added here, so the place or club can be taken over into the processing abroad at the same time.

Module 5: The bookkeeping function is realized: date, time, place, training / competition, discipline, possibly opponent, number of given shots are saved. Entries that have been created once can not be changed. Authenticity is confirmed by location (from GPS) or daily evaluation.

Module 6: In the display area, the target image is made movable with swipe gestures. You can thus save the mechanical alignment and thus the alignment mechanism.

Module 7: Training Module 1: Here is a long-term presentation of the results (average values, Einzellwerte, average values with scattering, ...) for different periods, possibly with additional representation of parameters (eg: temperature, day of the week, time of day, self determining and self-input parameters, ...)

Module 8: Trainingsmodul2: Here is an evaluation of the shot image. It allows conclusions on settings of the weapon or on performance of the shooter (calm / uriruhige hand, trigger optimal or too far front / back, trigger fingers optimally or too far left / right, sight optimally or too far left / right / up / down, Sighting optimally or not in cover, ...). Here is also a long-term presentation with different characteristics / parameters or targeted comparison with a specific day or period. On the basis of the evaluations, suggestions for improvement are made and specific instructions given.

Module 9: Here the individual or team competition season is evaluated automatically or manually.

Module 10: Here the target is automatically detected and positioned in the middle.

When creating the software, it is preferable to use the correlation of the digital zoom factor with the registered size of the target (helps with object recognition, parameter: smartphone camera FOV and magnification of the telephoto lens), the correlation of the discipline with the target, and correlation of the hit size with the discipline , These correlations are stored in the memory with meaningful tolerances.

Claims

claims

1. An optical device having an optical axis, an optical input, an optical output and at least one optical deflection device for optical radiation, wherein the optical axis is deflected at least once within the device, so that this optical axis of at least two partial optical axes, a first optical partial axis between the optical input of the device and the first deflecting device after the input of the device and a further partial optical axis, and the two optical sub-axes are at an angle to each other, wherein the length of the first partial optical axis is smaller than the length of Another optical part axis, characterized in that the device has a coupling mechanism, which is designed for coupling a smartphone or a tablet computer.

2. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first partial optical axis is perpendicular to the optical device.

3. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an optical arrangement with an enlargement.

4. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the first partial optical axis is smaller than half the length of the further partial optical axis.

5. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the two partial optical axes is between 75 ° and 105 °.

6. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a further deflection device.

7. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distances between the optical elements are not variable.

8. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first deflecting mirror is arranged between the eyepiece and the field lens.

9. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one non-planar mirror.

10. An optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that it rotates or mirrors the image of an object or both.

11. An optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a Kepler or a Galilean telescope or a microscope.

12. An optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one diffractive optical element which serves as a lens.

13. Optical device according to claim 12, characterized in that the "ghost patches" caused by the diffractive optical element lie outside the FOV used.

14. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling mechanism contains parts of a dovetail guide.

15. Optical device according to claim 1, characterized in that the further partial optical axis at an angle of less than 30 ° to the device surface, which contains the optical input runs.