WO2015070295A1 - Apparatus and method for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through evaporation cooling - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through evaporation cooling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015070295A1 WO2015070295A1 PCT/BG2013/000051 BG2013000051W WO2015070295A1 WO 2015070295 A1 WO2015070295 A1 WO 2015070295A1 BG 2013000051 W BG2013000051 W BG 2013000051W WO 2015070295 A1 WO2015070295 A1 WO 2015070295A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- photovoltaic
- water
- modules
- photovoltaic modules
- felt
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000008454 Hyperhidrosis Diseases 0.000 claims 3
- 208000013460 sweaty Diseases 0.000 claims 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
- H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to the sphere of the photovoltaic (PV) system for direct transformation of the solar energy into electrical.
- PV photovoltaic
- absorber plates consisting of hollow fibers
- U.S. Pat. N° US201 1041892 describes a method for cooling of the photovoltaic modules via a two-phase thermo-siphon, where a type of fluid circulating through a closed system of tubes (capillaries or fibers) transfers heat to a heat exchanger.
- the fluid used in U.S. Pat. N Q US2011041892 has a "low boiling point" directly meaning that it is not water.
- none of the aforementioned inventions includes the system (apparatus) or the method outlined below. In short, that is the method of controlling the working temperature of photovoltaic modules through evaporation of water from the surface of the modules via layer of felt or other textile.
- Figure 1 first possible installation of the system (apparatus) for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through controlling the working temperature of the modules based on an drop irrigation system (Claim 6)
- the primary purpose of the invention is to provide a way for manufacturing photovoltaic modules so that they are able to maintain operating temperatures within the ones recommended by the manufacturer for maximum efficiency.
- Another aim of the invention is increasing the efficiency of existing photovoltaic systems. It can be both used as an add-on to already existing photovoltaic panels and incorporated into the manufacturing process for new ones.
- the invention achieves this by evaporating minimum quantities of water (moisture) from the heated surface of the photovoltaic modules in an uncontrolled fashion.
- the invention does not utilize any "evaporation chambers", “condensation-evaporation vessels”, “flow of cooling liquid”, “pumping”, “capillary structures, “sets of trays”, “outlet connections”, “condenser designed as a heat exchanger”, nor the "transportation of a cooling liquid which removes heat from the absorber sheet”. It only involves moisturizing the back surface of the solar panels (photovoltaic modules) and uncontrolled evaporation. Thus they are being cooled down to the temperature of the ambient (surrounding) air measured by a "wet thermometer".
- the "wet thermometer” temperature of the ambient (surrounding) air depends on the temperature of the ambient air, its relative humidity, its rate and speed of movement. In any case, however, the temperature "according to a wet thermometer” is lower than the temperature of the ambient air. Additionally, it is significantly lower than 60-70°C - the working temperature of the photovoltaic modules at noon on a clear summer day measured via a "dry thermometer”.
- the water is provided through system for drop irrigation and is distributed/spread through a layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural), attached (stuck, hardly pressed or incorporated) to the back surface of the module.
- the system removes heat from the photovoltaic modules (respectively cooling them) through uncontrolled evaporation of water into the atmosphere. It uses the "specific heat of evaporation" of minimum quantities of water for cooling purposes.
- the apparatus employs a layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile made from synthetic or natural fibres. Water is supplied to the layer of felt or other textile either through a drop irrigation system mounted at the top (higher altitude) end of the photovoltaic module or through immersing the end of the textile in an appropriate water reservoir.
- water supply to the layer of felt or other textile is provided by dispersing nozzles (spraying) located behind the photovoltaic module. They are switched on periodically for a short duration in order to irrigate (spray) the layer of felt or other textile and the heated back surface of the modules. This action is automatically controlled by a computerized module that
- Standard "water cooling” solutions heat up water in order to remove heat (cool down) from photovoltaic modules.
- This invention evaporates water to achieve the same result. The difference in both actions (heating up and evaporating) is what makes this invention more efficient.
- Water cooling systems remove 10 kcal of heat from photovoltaic modules heating up 1 liter of water by 10°C, while this invention removes 539 kcal of heat from photovoltaic modules by evaporating the same amount of water. Consequently, this invention is 53.9 times more efficient than the standard "water cooling” solutions, where fluid circulating through a closed system of tubes (called capillaries or fibers) transports heat to a heat exchanger or heat convertor.
- a layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural) (2) is used to transfer and distribute moisture over the entire surface of the photovoltaic module (1 ).
- the felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural) is firmly pressed against the heated surface of the module by a net (3). This provides the thermal contact necessary for evaporation to occur. Additionally, this increases the surface of evaporation.
- the felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural), ensures constant and evenly distributed moisture over the surface of the module.
- the layer of felt or other textile is supplied by water through a drop irrigation system with a water reservoir (4) and compensated irrigation emitters with a fixed outflow of 1 , 2, 4, 6 or 8 l/h.
- Water supply to the reservoir (4) is controlled by an electro-mechanical switch or an electronic control panel, connected with temperature controller that do not represent part of this invention and are not shown.
- this version of the invention utilized dispersing nozzles, combined with anti-drop valves or low flow foggers (5), differential thermostat with sensors (7) mounted on the heated surface, a pressure pump (6) and the necessary tubing under the modules.
- the pump switches on every 10 minutes for 7 to 10 seconds in order to irrigate the layer of felt or other textile and the heated surface of the modules.
- the anti-drop valves ensure constant pressure in the water supply system so that irrigation begins immediately when the pump switches on.
- the pump is controlled by a computerized unit that does not represent part of the invention and is not shown.
- This invention can be incorporated in photovoltaic modules during their production. Alternatively, it can be used as an "add-on" for already installed and working photovoltaic modules and power stations.
- valves With switched off position of the system, the valves are closed and the photoelectric station does operate without controlling the temperature of the modules.
Abstract
The invention refers to the field of photovoltaic (PV) systems for direct transformation of solar energy into electrical. The invention increases the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through controlling the working temperature of the modules (1). Continuous cooling is achieved through evenly moisturising the heated surface of the photovoltaic modules. A layer of felt or other textile (2) is used to transfer and evenly distribute the moisture over the entire surface of the module. They are either firmly pressed to the surface of the module by a net (3) or attached in an alternative way. Water is supplied to the layer of felt or other textile by a drop irrigation system with a reservoir (4) and compensated irrigation emitters with a fixed outflow. It periodically adds the appropriate quantities of water for achieving permanent working temperature of the photovoltaic modules.
Description
DESCRIPTION
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS THROUGH EVAPORATION COOLING
Field
The invention relates to the sphere of the photovoltaic (PV) system for direct transformation of the solar energy into electrical.
Background
It is known that the efficiency is main indicator of a solar cell. It is established that it is mostly dependent on the working temperature of the cell and the inclination of the photovoltaic panel towards the solar rays. Tracking the sun position is being solved with mono-axial and two-axial tracking systems. But heating during operation aggravates the transformation of solar into electrical energy on average by -0.4%/°C (temperature coefficient).
State of the Art
The following patent solutions are known:
USA:
• 4558634 December 1985 Oshiro et al.
• 5505788 April 1996 Dinwoodie
• 5746839 May 1988 Dinwoodie
• 6061978 May 2000 Dinwoodie et al.
• 6570084 May 2003 Dinwoodie
• 6750392 Photovoltaic cooling system
• 7297866 Ventilated photovoltaic module frame
• US4180056 HUSSMANN - Laminar solar energy collecting unit having
absorber plates consisting of hollow fibers
• US2011041892 Levim - heat sink system for large-size photovoltaic
receiver
W0199607857 Bjerke- - SOLAR COLLECTOR
U.S. Pat No.7297866 describes method of cooling the photovoltaic modules by means of guiding the air flow through special openings in the mounting frame.
U.S. Pat. N° US201 1041892 describes a method for cooling of the photovoltaic modules via a two-phase thermo-siphon, where a type of fluid circulating through a closed system of tubes (capillaries or fibers) transfers heat to a heat exchanger. The fluid used in U.S. Pat. NQ US2011041892 has a "low boiling point" directly meaning that it is not water.
None of the aforementioned patents describe the system and methodology presented below.
Statement of Invention
However, none of the aforementioned inventions includes the system (apparatus) or the method outlined below. In short, that is the method of controlling the working temperature of photovoltaic modules through evaporation of water from the surface of the modules via layer of felt or other textile.
A detailed description of the invention will now be presented by referring to the accompanying drawings:
• Figure 1 - first possible installation of the system (apparatus) for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through controlling the working temperature of the modules based on an drop irrigation system (Claim 6)
• Figure 2 - second possible installation of the system (apparatus) for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through controlling the working temperature of the modules based on system for water dispersion (claims 7 and 8).
Detailed Description
The primary purpose of the invention is to provide a way for manufacturing photovoltaic modules so that they are able to maintain operating temperatures within the ones recommended by the manufacturer for maximum efficiency.
Another aim of the invention (both the apparatus and the method) is increasing the efficiency of existing photovoltaic systems.
It can be both used as an add-on to already existing photovoltaic panels and incorporated into the manufacturing process for new ones.
The invention achieves this by evaporating minimum quantities of water (moisture) from the heated surface of the photovoltaic modules in an uncontrolled fashion. The invention does not utilize any "evaporation chambers", "condensation-evaporation vessels", "flow of cooling liquid", "pumping", "capillary structures, "sets of trays", "outlet connections", "condenser designed as a heat exchanger", nor the "transportation of a cooling liquid which removes heat from the absorber sheet". It only involves moisturizing the back surface of the solar panels (photovoltaic modules) and uncontrolled evaporation. Thus they are being cooled down to the temperature of the ambient (surrounding) air measured by a "wet thermometer". The "wet thermometer" temperature of the ambient (surrounding) air depends on the temperature of the ambient air, its relative humidity, its rate and speed of movement. In any case, however, the temperature "according to a wet thermometer" is lower than the temperature of the ambient air. Additionally, it is significantly lower than 60-70°C - the working temperature of the photovoltaic modules at noon on a clear summer day measured via a "dry thermometer".
The water is provided through system for drop irrigation and is distributed/spread through a layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural), attached (stuck, hardly pressed or incorporated) to the back surface of the module. The system (apparatus) removes heat from the photovoltaic modules (respectively cooling them) through uncontrolled evaporation of water into the atmosphere. It uses the "specific heat of evaporation" of minimum quantities of water for cooling purposes. Specific heat of evaporation is a physical value - the energy (heat) required to transform a given quantity of a substance from a liquid into a gas at a given pressure (often atmospheric pressure). It is marked with the letter R, and the formula is r=Q/m (i.e. specific heat of evaporation is the energy (heat) required to evaporate liquid with a mass of m=1 kg under constant temperature. For the water this energy (heat) is 2.26*106 J/kg.
To ensure an even distribution of water over the entire surface of the photovoltaic modules the apparatus employs a layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile made from synthetic or natural fibres. Water is supplied to the layer of felt or other textile either through a drop irrigation system mounted at the top (higher altitude) end of the photovoltaic module or through immersing the end of the textile in an appropriate water reservoir.
Alternatively, water supply to the layer of felt or other textile is provided by dispersing nozzles (spraying) located behind the photovoltaic module. They are switched on periodically for a short duration in order to irrigate (spray) the layer of felt or other textile and the heated back surface of the modules. This action is automatically controlled by a computerized module that
Advantages
This invention delivers a number of considerable advantages over any of the existing solutions to the problem of low efficiency of photovoltaic modules. The invention:
- enables the photovoltaic panels to maintain their working temperature within the limits recommended by the manufacturer for reaching highest efficiency;
- ensures efficiency of the photovoltaic modules that is close to the one under laboratory conditions due its specific design and construction;
- is significantly more efficient than any alternative "water cooling" solutions (explanation follows). Standard "water cooling" solutions heat up water in order to remove heat (cool down) from photovoltaic modules. This invention evaporates water to achieve the same result. The difference in both actions (heating up and evaporating) is what makes this invention more efficient. Water cooling systems remove 10 kcal of heat from photovoltaic modules heating up 1 liter of water by 10°C, while this invention removes 539 kcal of heat from photovoltaic modules by evaporating the same amount of water. Consequently, this invention is 53.9 times more efficient than the standard "water cooling" solutions, where fluid circulating through a closed system of tubes (called capillaries or fibers) transports heat to a heat exchanger or heat convertor.
- is significantly more economical than any alternative "water cooling" solution. Since this invention relies on the "specific heat of evaporation" (as described in the above point) the overall amount water required to achieve the same result is decreased 53.9 times. As a result, the costs of water (and supplying water) are significantly smaller than the income from the increased yield of electricity. Therefore, this makes our solution not only applicable but actually profitable in large photovoltaic power stations;
- is high reliable and easily maintainable (due to the construction simplicity);
- is accessible for the masses (individual homes, houses, apartment blocks) due to its low price;
- can be mounted onto photovoltaic modules that are already installed and working.
Examples and versions of the Invention
Example 1
As shown in Figure 1 , a layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural) (2) is used to transfer and distribute moisture over the entire surface of the photovoltaic module (1 ). In this example the felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural), is firmly pressed against the heated surface of the module by a net (3). This provides the thermal contact necessary for evaporation to occur. Additionally, this increases the surface of evaporation. The felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural),, ensures constant and evenly distributed moisture over the surface of the module. The layer of felt or other textile is supplied by water through a drop irrigation system with a water reservoir (4) and compensated irrigation emitters with a fixed outflow of 1 , 2, 4, 6 or 8 l/h.
Water supply to the reservoir (4) is controlled by an electro-mechanical switch or an electronic control panel, connected with temperature controller that do not represent part of this invention and are not shown.
Example 2
As shown in Figure 2, this version of the invention utilized dispersing nozzles, combined with anti-drop valves or low flow foggers (5), differential thermostat with sensors (7) mounted on the heated surface, a pressure pump (6) and the necessary tubing under the modules. The pump switches on every 10 minutes for 7 to 10 seconds in order to irrigate the layer of felt or other textile and the heated surface of the modules. The anti-drop valves ensure constant pressure in the water supply system so that irrigation begins immediately when the pump switches on.
The pump is controlled by a computerized unit that does not represent part of the invention and is not shown.
Application of the invention
This invention can be incorporated in photovoltaic modules during their production. Alternatively, it can be used as an "add-on" for already installed and working photovoltaic modules and power stations.
The only requirement for the invention to function is the presence of water in the reservoir. Fortunately, this can be easily provided due to its minimal consumption - less than 10 l/h per 1 kW capacity installed.
With switched off position of the system, the valves are closed and the photoelectric station does operate without controlling the temperature of the modules.
Upon switching on, the back surface of the module is being sprayed, begins evaporating and in this way their temperature is being lowered.
The specialist can easily accept many modifications of the preferred exemplary performance of the invention, described in details above. That is why the applicant intends to be engaged only within the scope of the applied pretensions.
Claims
1. A system (apparatus) for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through cooling the photovoltaic modules down to the temperature of the surrounding air measured via a "wet thermometer", encompassing a water reservoir and tube connections to the photovoltaic modules, characterized by the fact that it evaporates water from the sweaty back surface of the modules without any chambers, capillary fibers or other tubes.
2. A system (apparatus) according to claimi , characterized by the fact that the water supplied to the photovoltaic modules is not recuperated or restored in any way.
3. A system (apparatus) according to claimi , characterized by a layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural) that is stuck, pressed or attached to the back surface of the photovoltaic modules.
4. A system (apparatus) according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the layer of felt or other woven or non-woven textile (synthetic or natural) that is stuck, pressed or attached to the back surface of the photovoltaic modules, is maintained constantly sweaty.
5. A method for increasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic systems through reducing their working temperature by an uncontrolled evaporation of water from the sweaty back surface of the photovoltaic modules
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BG2013/000051 WO2015070295A1 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | Apparatus and method for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through evaporation cooling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BG2013/000051 WO2015070295A1 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | Apparatus and method for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through evaporation cooling |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015070295A1 true WO2015070295A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
Family
ID=49989397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BG2013/000051 WO2015070295A1 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | Apparatus and method for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems through evaporation cooling |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2015070295A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022251129A1 (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | Enertopia Corporation | Heat recovery system |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4180056A (en) | 1976-01-30 | 1979-12-25 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen. | Laminar solar energy collecting unit having absorber plates consisting of hollow fibers |
| JPS62101086A (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1987-05-11 | Sharp Corp | Solar battery cooling system |
| WO1996007857A1 (en) | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-14 | John Rekstad | Solar collector |
| JP2000022193A (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-01-21 | Sharp Corp | Solar cell module |
| DE102005054367A1 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-16 | Durlum Leuchten | solar collector |
| US7297866B2 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2007-11-20 | Sunpower Corporation | Ventilated photovoltaic module frame |
| DE202009009544U1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-10-01 | Schmitt, Andreas | Device for increasing the efficiency of a photovoltaic solar system |
| US20110041892A1 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2011-02-24 | Alexander Levin | Heat sink system for large-size photovoltaic receiver |
| KR101037301B1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-05-26 | 엘케이기초기술 주식회사 | Apparatus for cooling photovoltaic panel |
-
2013
- 2013-11-12 WO PCT/BG2013/000051 patent/WO2015070295A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4180056A (en) | 1976-01-30 | 1979-12-25 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen. | Laminar solar energy collecting unit having absorber plates consisting of hollow fibers |
| JPS62101086A (en) * | 1985-10-28 | 1987-05-11 | Sharp Corp | Solar battery cooling system |
| WO1996007857A1 (en) | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-14 | John Rekstad | Solar collector |
| JP2000022193A (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-01-21 | Sharp Corp | Solar cell module |
| US7297866B2 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2007-11-20 | Sunpower Corporation | Ventilated photovoltaic module frame |
| DE102005054367A1 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-16 | Durlum Leuchten | solar collector |
| DE202009009544U1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-10-01 | Schmitt, Andreas | Device for increasing the efficiency of a photovoltaic solar system |
| US20110041892A1 (en) | 2009-08-21 | 2011-02-24 | Alexander Levin | Heat sink system for large-size photovoltaic receiver |
| KR101037301B1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-05-26 | 엘케이기초기술 주식회사 | Apparatus for cooling photovoltaic panel |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 198724, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1987-167858, XP002725974 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022251129A1 (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | Enertopia Corporation | Heat recovery system |
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