WO2015033210A1 - Assembled battery management system and device - Google Patents

Assembled battery management system and device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015033210A1
WO2015033210A1 PCT/IB2014/001727 IB2014001727W WO2015033210A1 WO 2015033210 A1 WO2015033210 A1 WO 2015033210A1 IB 2014001727 W IB2014001727 W IB 2014001727W WO 2015033210 A1 WO2015033210 A1 WO 2015033210A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembled battery
battery
variation
assembled
maintenance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/001727
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yasuhide Kurimoto
Original Assignee
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha filed Critical Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Publication of WO2015033210A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015033210A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an assembled battery management system and a device used for the same.
  • Vehicles such as a hybrid vehicle or electric automobile includes an electricity storage system.
  • the electricity storage system includes, for example, an assembled battery configured of a plurality of batteries combined in order to obtain a desired capacity.
  • An assembled battery becomes unusable due to degradation over time or the like. Therefore, maintenance, e.g., work of replacement with a new assembled battery, may be carried out with respect to an assembled battery mounted on a vehicle (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-141464(JP 2007-141464 A).
  • an assembled battery may be brought to a dealer together with a vehicle by a user driving the vehicle mounted with the assembled battery.
  • a user cannot drive the vehicle to bring the assembled battery to a dealer.
  • the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, a user cannot benefit from driving utilizing electric energy.
  • the invention provides an assembled battery management system and a device capable of prompting a user to carry out maintenance of an assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable.
  • an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks includes an assembled battery information acquisition unit configured to acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, a calculation unit configured to calculate a value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery information, a determination unit configured to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation, and a notification unit configured to notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when the determination unit determines that maintenance is necessary.
  • the assembled battery information may include information relating to a battery block capacity of each of the plurality of battery blocks.
  • the value attributed to variation may be an amount of change in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to time.
  • the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to a travelled distance of the vehicle.
  • the assembled battery information may include information relating to a battery block resistance of each of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
  • the value attributed to variation may be an amount of change in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to time.
  • a device used for an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks includes an assembled battery information acquisition unit configured to acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, a calculation unit configured to calculate a value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery information, a determination unit configured to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation, and a notification unit configured to notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when the determination unit determines that maintenance is necessary.
  • an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks includes: a diagnostic device configured to i) acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery; ii) calculate a value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery information; iii) determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation; and iv) notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the schematic configuration of an assembled battery management system according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of an assembled battery
  • FIG. 3 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of a diagnostic device
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are views for illustrating the variation in characteristics of a plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery
  • FIG. 5 is a view for illustrating the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for illustrating a process carried out in the assembled battery management system of the embodiment
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C are views for illustrating the variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery
  • FIG. 8 is a view for illustrating the value attributed to variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the schematic configuration of an assembled battery management system 100 according to the embodiment.
  • an assembled battery is used for driving or the like of a hybrid vehicle or electric automobile (hereinafter simply referred to as "vehicle") in a market 200.
  • vehicle a hybrid vehicle or electric automobile
  • an assembled battery 211 is mounted on a vehicle 210 for use.
  • the number of vehicles and assembled batteries shown in FIG. 1 is one example, and it should be understood that there are more vehicles and assembled batteries in an actual market. For the embodiment, management of the assembled battery 211 will be mainly described.
  • the assembled battery 211 is configured of a plurality of combined battery blocks.
  • the assembled battery 211 may be mounted on the vehicle 210 as, for example, a part of an electricity storage system (not shown).
  • Information (assembled battery information) relating to the assembled battery 211 is acquired by the electricity storage system, vehicle 210, or the like and transmitted to an assembled battery information collecting unit 300.
  • the assembled battery information may include information relating to the characteristics or the like of the assembled battery or identification information for identification of the assembled battery. Transmission of the assembled battery information is achieved by, for example, communication between the vehicle 210 (or the electricity storage system) and the assembled battery information collecting unit 300. Transmission of the assembled battery information from the vehicle 210 to the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 may be carried out regularly.
  • the assembled battery information may be acquired temporarily by a dealer 220 and then transmitted to the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 from the dealer 220.
  • the configuration may be such that the assembled battery information is acquired and/or the assembled battery information is transmitted to the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 by the assembled battery 211 itself, instead of the electricity storage system.
  • the dealer 220 carries out sales and/or maintenance of a vehicle or assembled battery. Upon maintenance, for example, the assembled battery information of the assembled battery 211 is acquired, and the state and various characteristics of the assembled battery 211 are diagnosed. The acquisition of the assembled battery information and the diagnosis of the assembled battery are carried out utilizing, for example, a diagnostic tool 221.
  • a diagnostic device 400 acquires the assembled battery information collected by the assembled battery information collecting unit 300. Based on the assembled battery information, the diagnostic device 400 determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary. In the case where maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary, the diagnostic device 400 notifies related persons of information relating to the assembled battery (hereinafter referred to as "assembled battery related information").
  • the related persons include the dealer 220 and a supplier 500, in addition to a user of the assembled battery 211 (owner of the vehicle 210).
  • the supplier 500 carries out development, production, or the like of a vehicle or assembled battery.
  • the assembled battery related information may include an indication that maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary or the assembled battery information itself.
  • FIG. 2 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of the assembled battery 211 in FIG. 1.
  • the assembled battery 211 is a battery pack including a plurality of battery blocks 213.
  • the battery block 213 may include a plurality of single batteries 212.
  • the single battery 212 is, for example, a cell of a lithium-ion battery (Li-ion battery) or a battery module in which a plurality of cells of lithium-ion battery are modularized.
  • Li-ion battery lithium-ion battery
  • a battery module in which a plurality of cells of lithium-ion battery are modularized.
  • approximately several to several tens of the single batteries 212 are included in one battery block 213.
  • it may be such that one battery block 213 is configured of one single battery 212.
  • the assembled battery 211 is configured of, for example, eight battery blocks 213 (battery blocks 1 to 8). It may be such that the battery stack 214 is configured of one battery block 213. Also, it may be such that one battery stack 214 is configured of two battery blocks 213. In that case, the assembled battery 211 is configured of four battery stacks.
  • the single battery 212 may be configured of a cell or module of a nickel-metal-hydride rechargeable battery (Ni-MH battery).
  • FIG. 3 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of the diagnostic device 400 in FIG. 1.
  • the diagnostic device 400 includes a communication unit 410, a calculation unit 420, a determination unit 430, and a
  • the communication unit 410 is an assembled battery information acquisition unit that acquires the assembled battery information.
  • the communication unit 410 carries out communication with the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 in FIG. 1 and acquires the assembled battery information collected in the assembled battery information collecting unit 300.
  • the assembled battery information includes information relating to various characteristics, e.g., capacity, of the plurality of battery blocks, battery stacks, and single batteries within the assembled battery.
  • the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery 211 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is acquired as one example.
  • the acquired assembled battery information is sent to the calculation unit 420.
  • the assembled battery information is also acquired by the communication unit 440 described below.
  • the calculation unit 420 calculates the value attributed the variation in
  • the characteristics are, for example, the capacity for each battery block.
  • the capacity of the battery block can be calculated based on the history of charge and discharge of the battery block.
  • the variation may be the difference of the largest capacity and the smallest capacity or may be a variance value.
  • the value attributed to variation in characteristics includes, in addition to the variation itself, the amount of change or the like in the variation with respect to the travelled distance of the vehicle (vehicle 210 in FIG. 1) or the time (e.g., number of days elapsed) for which the assembled battery 211 has been used.
  • the calculation unit 420 may calculate the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery stacks (battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2), instead of the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks. Alternatively, the calculation unit 420 may calculate the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of single batteries (single batteries 212 in FIG. 2). Hereinafter, the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the battery blocks or the like that is calculated by the calculation unit 420 may be referred to simply as
  • the determination unit 430 determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary. For example, in the case where the determination value exceeds a predetermined range, the determination unit 430 determines that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary. On the other hand, in the case where the
  • the determination unit 430 determines that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is unnecessary. The details of determination carried out by the determination unit 430 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the determination result of the determination unit 430 is sent to the communication unit 440.
  • the communication unit 440 is a notification unit that notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of the assembled battery related information.
  • the communication unit 440 notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of the assembled battery related information.
  • the communication unit 440 notifies the owner of the vehicle 210 that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary (see FIG. 1).
  • the owner of the vehicle 210 is also the user of the assembled battery 211. Accordingly, the user of the assembled battery 211 can be notified that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary. Further, the communication unit 440 notifies that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary to the dealer 220 (see FIG. 1).
  • the communication unit 440 Upon receiving notification from the
  • the dealer 220 may notify that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary to the owner of the vehicle 210.
  • the dealer 220 can prepare for maintenance of the assembled battery 211.
  • the communication unit 440 notifies that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary to supplier 500 (see FIG. 1).
  • the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery 211 is transmitted to the supplier 500.
  • the supplier 500 can, for example, analyze the assembled battery 211 for which maintenance has become necessary to help the development or the like of the assembled battery.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are views for illustrating the variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
  • the graphs in FIGS. 4A and 4B show the respective battery block capacities of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 1 to 8) included in the assembled battery.
  • FIG. 4A shows a case where the variation in battery block capacities is relatively large
  • FIG. 4B shows a case where the variation in battery block capacities is relatively small.
  • the battery block 6 is the largest in capacity and the battery block 4 is the smallest in capacity among the battery blocks 1 to 8.
  • the capacity of the battery block 4 is considerably small compared to the capacity of other battery blocks, and degradation of the battery block 4 is significant.
  • the assembled battery configured of such battery blocks 1 to 8 is likely to become unusable in the near future, due to failure or the like of the battery block 4.
  • the battery block 1 is the largest in capacity and the battery block 2 is the smallest in capacity among the battery blocks 1 to 8.
  • the difference in capacity of the battery blocks 1 and 2 in FIG. 4B is considerably smaller than the difference in capacity of the battery blocks 6 and 4 in FIG. 4A. That is, in the case of FIG. 4B, the degradation is presumably to a lesser extent, even for the battery block 2 with the smallest capacity.
  • the assembled battery configured of such battery blocks 1 to 8 is usable for the time being.
  • the calculation unit 420 in FIG. 3 calculates the variation in capacity of the respective battery blocks.
  • the variation is calculated, for example, as the difference in capacity of a battery block with the largest capacity and a battery block with the smallest capacity.
  • the variation may be calculated as a variance value for the battery blocks 1 to 8. In either case, the variation is relatively large in the case of FIG. 4A, and the variation is relatively small in the case of FIG. 4B.
  • the determination unit 430 in FIG. 3 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary.
  • the determination unit 430 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is unnecessary.
  • the predetermined range is specified such that, for example, maintenance is determined as necessary for the assembled battery in FIG. 4A and maintenance is determined as unnecessary for the assembled battery in FIG. 4B.
  • FIG. 5 is a view for illustrating the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
  • the abscissa represents the travelled distance (or number of days elapsed) of the vehicle mounted with the assembled battery.
  • the ordinates respectively represent the assembled battery capacity and the variation in battery block capacity.
  • the assembled battery capacity changes when the travelled distance increases.
  • the capacity of a battery is influenced by environmental change, e.g., temperature change. Therefore, the assembled battery capacity increases and decreases (fluctuates).
  • the assembled battery capacity tends to decrease when the travelled distance increases. However, the decrease is relatively moderate. Such a change in the capacity of the assembled battery is hard to notice. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on a change in the capacity of the assembled battery.
  • the magnitude of variation is initially constant (approximately zero) even with an increase in the travelled distance. That is, the magnitude of variation is not much influenced by environmental change. This is because the capacities of the respective battery blocks fluctuate in a similar manner (in the same way) with an environmental change. Therefore, from observation of the variation in battery block capacity, the fluctuation of capacity due to environmental change is removed.
  • the travelled distance increases and exceeds a certain amount of travelled distance (L0)
  • the variation in battery block capacity starts to increase. Once the variation starts to increase, the amount of increase drastically increases in a relatively short period of time. Such a change in the variation of battery block capacity is easy to notice.
  • the calculation unit 420 in FIG. 3 may calculate the amount of change in the variation of battery block capacity with respect to the travelled distance (or number of days elapsed). For example, referring to FIG. 5, the calculation unit 420 calculates an amount of change ⁇ in the variation of battery block capacity between travelled distances LI and L2.
  • the amounts of change ⁇ and ⁇ 2 are values (i.e., determination values) attributed to variation in battery block capacity.
  • the value attributed to variation may simply be a ratio (rate of change ⁇ 3 which equals a2 over al) of the variation in battery block capacity most newly acquired with respect to the variation in battery block capacity that has been acquired earlier, without considering the travelled distance or number of days elapsed (elapsed time). It can be said that ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 are both amounts of change in the variation of battery block capacity with respect to time.
  • the determination unit 430 in FIG. 3 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary.
  • the determination unit 430 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is unnecessary.
  • the predetermined range is specified such that, for example, maintenance is determined as unnecessary for the determination value obtained when the travelled distance in FIG. 5 is between L0 and LI and maintenance is determined as necessary for the determination value obtained at a point when the travelled distance is L2 or greater.
  • the determination unit 430 may determine whether or not the predetermined range is exceeded for each of two or more parameters out of three parameters of the amount of change ⁇ , the amount of change ⁇ 2, and the rate of change ⁇ 3, and combine the results to determine the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery.
  • the determination value is not limited to the value attributed to variation in capacity of the battery blocks.
  • the determination value may be a value attributed to variation in capacity of the single batteries (single batteries 212 in FIG. 2) or may be a value attributed to variation in capacity of the battery stacks (battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart for illustrating a process carried out in the assembled battery management system of the embodiment. This flowchart is for execution by the diagnostic device 400 shown in FIG. 1 or the like.
  • step S101 the assembled battery information is first acquired (step S101).
  • step S102 the value attributed to variation in battery block capacity, i.e., the determination value, is calculated (step S102).
  • step S103 whether or not the determination value calculated in step S102 is within the predetermined range is determined. In the case where the
  • step S103 determination value is within the predetermined range (YES in step S103), maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as unnecessary (step S104), and the process returns again to step S101.
  • step S105 determination value exceeds the predetermined range
  • step S105 When maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary in step S105, the assembled battery related information is notified with respect to the related persons of the assembled battery (step S106), and the flowchart ends.
  • the first embodiment based on the variation in capacitances of the battery blocks included in the assembled battery, whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary is determined. If the amount (absolute amount) of decrease in capacity is used in determination on whether or not maintenance is necessary, the assembled battery is left standing without maintenance until the capacitance of any one of the battery blocks becomes lower than a predetermined threshold, and there is a possibility that the assembled battery is unusable at the timing when the capacitance becomes lower than the threshold. In contrast, by using the variation in capacitances, it is possible to prompt the user to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable. In this period, since the vehicle can be driven utilizing electric energy stored in the assembled battery, the user can drive the vehicle and visit the dealer or the like.
  • FIGS. 7 A to 7C are views for illustrating the variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
  • the graphs in FIGS. 7A to 7C show the respective battery block internal resistances
  • battery block resistances of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 1 to 8 shown in FIG. 2) included in the assembled battery.
  • FIG. 7A shows the variation in battery block resistances in an initial state (for example, a state just after manufacturing of the battery blocks 1 to 8). Referring to FIG. 7A, in the initial state, the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8 are substantially equal.
  • FIG. 7B shows the variation in battery block resistances in the case where there occurs ordinary degradation (for example, ordinary degradation advances, resulting in replacement of the battery blocks).
  • the "ordinary degradation” means degradation resulting from a lapse of time or degradation resulting from repetitive use, and may be called “degradation over time”.
  • the amounts of increase in the internal resistances of the battery blocks 3 to 6 are relatively large, and the amount of increase in the internal resistance of the battery block 5 is the largest.
  • the amounts of increase in the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1, 2, 7, 8 are relatively small among the battery blocks 1 to 8, and the amount of increase in the internal resistance of the battery block 7 is the smallest. In this way, in the case of ordinary degradation, although there are large or small amounts of increase in the internal resistances among the battery blocks 1 to 8, the internal resistances of all the battery blocks 1 to 8 are increased.
  • the calculation unit 420 in FIG. 3 calculates the variation in internal resistances of the respective battery blocks 1 to 8.
  • the variation may be calculated, for example, as the difference in resistance value of a battery block with the largest internal resistance and a battery block with the smallest internal resistance.
  • the variation may be calculated as the difference between the resistance value of the battery block with the largest internal resistance and the average value of the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8.
  • the variation may be calculated as the difference between the resistance value of the battery block with the smallest internal resistance and the average value of the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8.
  • the variation may be calculated as a variance value of the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph for illustrating the value attributed to variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
  • the amounts of change 61 and 62 are values (i.e., determination values) attributed to variation in battery block resistance.
  • the value attributed to variation may simply be a ratio (rate of change 03 which equals ⁇ 2 over ⁇ ) of the variation in battery block resistance most newly acquired with respect to the variation in battery block resistance that has been acquired earlier, without considering the travelled distance or number of days elapsed (elapsed time). It can be said that 02 and 63 are both amounts of change in variation of battery block resistance with respect to time.
  • FIG. 7C shows the variation in battery block resistances in the event of an internal short-circuit.
  • the "internal short-circuit” means not only a state where electrodes are completely short-circuited but also a state (small short-circuit state) where small current flows at the time of application of voltage due to foreign matter, or the like, involved inside the battery.
  • the battery block 3 is remarkably smaller in internal resistance among the battery blocks I to 8 than the other battery blocks 1, 2, 4 to 8. In this way, in the case where there occurs an internal short-circuit, only the internal resistance of that battery block becomes smaller than the internal resistances of the other battery blocks.
  • the calculation unit 420 calculates the variation in internal resistances.
  • the various methods described with reference to FIG. 7B may be used as a method of calculating the variation.
  • FIG. 9 is a table for illustrating causes of degradation of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery and factors that accelerate the degradation. Referring to FIG. 9, "O" (circle) in the table indicates that, for various causes of
  • a high-temperature state or high state of charge (SOC) of the battery block can accelerate the corresponding causes of degradation.
  • the high-temperature state or high SOC of the battery block can occur in parallel with a decrease in the capacity of the battery block and an increase in the internal resistance of the battery block. That is, the
  • a sensitivity to various causes of degradation may vary among the battery blocks. Therefore, there can be a battery block in which a decrease in capacity more remarkably occurs and a battery block in which an increase in resistance more remarkably occurs. Thus, in order to improve the accuracy of detecting a malfunction of the battery blocks, it is desirable not to use only one of the detected result of a decrease in capacity and the detected result of an increase in resistance but to use both.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating a process carried out in the assembled battery management system of the second embodiment.
  • the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 differs from the flowchart (see FIG. 6) of the first embodiment in that the processes of step S102A and step S103A are further included.
  • step S102 the determination value attributed to variation in battery block capacity is calculated (step S102), and the determination value attributed to variation in battery block resistance is calculated (step S102A).
  • step S103 whether or not the determination value attributed to variation in battery block capacity is within a predetermined range Rl is determined.
  • step S103A whether or not the determination value attributed to variation in battery block resistance is within a predetermined range R2 is determined. In the case where the determination value attributed to variation in battery block capacity is within the range Rl and the determination value attributed to variation in battery block resistance is within the range R2 (YES in step S103 and YES in step S103A), maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as unnecessary (step S104).
  • step S105 maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary (step S105).
  • the process of S106 is equivalent to the process corresponding to the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, so the detailed description thereof is not repeated.
  • the assembled battery management system 100 includes the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410) that acquires the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, the calculation unit 420 that calculates the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery based on the assembled battery information acquired by the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410), the determination unit 430 that determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation calculated by the calculation unit 420, and the notification unit (communication unit 440) that notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of the information relating to the assembled battery in the case where the determination unit 430 has determined that maintenance is necessary. Accordingly, it is possible to prompt the user to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable.
  • the assembled battery information includes information relating to the battery block capacity of each of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 213 or battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2) included in the assembled battery. More preferably, the value attributed to variation is an amount of change ( ⁇ 2 in FIG. 5) in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to time.
  • the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change ( ⁇ in FIG. 5) in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to the travelled distance of the vehicle. Accordingly, determination on the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery is carried out accurately.
  • the assembled battery information includes information relating to the battery block resistance of each of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 213 or battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2) included in the assembled battery. More preferably, the value attributed to variation is an amount of change (62 in FIG. 8) in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to time.
  • the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change ( ⁇ 2 in FIG. 8) in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to the travelled distance of the vehicle. Accordingly, determination on the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery is carried out accurately.
  • the diagnostic device 400 is a device used for an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks, , including the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410) that acquires the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, the calculation unit 420 that calculates the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery based on the assembled battery information acquired by the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410), the determination unit 430 that determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to the variation calculated by the calculation unit 420, and the notification unit (communication unit 440) that notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery in the case where the determination unit 430 has determined that maintenance is necessary.
  • the assembled battery information acquisition unit communication unit 410
  • the calculation unit 420 that calculates the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery based on the assembled battery information acquired by the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410)

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Abstract

An assembled battery management system includes an assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit) that acquires assembled battery information relating to an assembled battery, a calculation unit that calculates a value attributed to variation in characteristics of a plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery on the basis of the assembled battery information acquired by the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit), a determination unit that determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation calculated by the calculation unit, and a notification unit (communication unit) that notifies a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery in a case where the determination unit has determined that maintenance is necessary.

Description

ASSEMBLED BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND DEVICE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
[0001] The invention relates to an assembled battery management system and a device used for the same.
2. Description of Related Art
[0002] In recent years, hybrid vehicles, electric automobiles, and the like in which electric energy is utilized for driving have been made available for practical use. With driving utilizing electric energy, there are various features such as high energy efficiency and low emission.
[0003] Vehicles such as a hybrid vehicle or electric automobile includes an electricity storage system. The electricity storage system includes, for example, an assembled battery configured of a plurality of batteries combined in order to obtain a desired capacity.
[0004] An assembled battery becomes unusable due to degradation over time or the like. Therefore, maintenance, e.g., work of replacement with a new assembled battery, may be carried out with respect to an assembled battery mounted on a vehicle (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-141464(JP 2007-141464 A).
[0005] The maintenance of an assembled battery is carried out by a dealer or the like. For example, an assembled battery may be brought to a dealer together with a vehicle by a user driving the vehicle mounted with the assembled battery. However, in the case where the assembled battery is unusable and the vehicle is an electric automobile, a user cannot drive the vehicle to bring the assembled battery to a dealer. In the case where the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, a user cannot benefit from driving utilizing electric energy. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The invention provides an assembled battery management system and a device capable of prompting a user to carry out maintenance of an assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable.
[0007] In one aspect of the invention, an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks includes an assembled battery information acquisition unit configured to acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, a calculation unit configured to calculate a value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery information, a determination unit configured to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation, and a notification unit configured to notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when the determination unit determines that maintenance is necessary.
[0008] The assembled battery information may include information relating to a battery block capacity of each of the plurality of battery blocks.
[0009] The value attributed to variation may be an amount of change in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to time.
[0010] It may be such that the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to a travelled distance of the vehicle.
[0011] The assembled battery information may include information relating to a battery block resistance of each of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
[0012] The value attributed to variation may be an amount of change in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to time.
[0013] It may be such that the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to a travelled distance of the vehicle. [0014] In one aspect of the invention, a device used for an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks includes an assembled battery information acquisition unit configured to acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, a calculation unit configured to calculate a value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery information, a determination unit configured to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation, and a notification unit configured to notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when the determination unit determines that maintenance is necessary.
[0015] In one aspect of the invention, an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks includes: a diagnostic device configured to i) acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery; ii) calculate a value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery information; iii) determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation; and iv) notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary.
[0016] With the invention, it is possible to prompt a user to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals denote like elements, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a view showing the schematic configuration of an assembled battery management system according to an embodiment; FIG. 2 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of an assembled battery;
FIG. 3 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of a diagnostic device;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are views for illustrating the variation in characteristics of a plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery;
FIG. 5 is a view for illustrating the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for illustrating a process carried out in the assembled battery management system of the embodiment;
FIGS. 7A to 7C are views for illustrating the variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery;
FIG. 8 is a view for illustrating the value attributed to variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery;
FIG. 9 is a table for illustrating causes of degradation of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery and factors that accelerate the degradation; and FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating a process carried out in an assembled battery management system of a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0018] An embodiment of the invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, like numerals denote like or corresponding portions. Description thereof is not repeated.
[0019] FIG. 1 is a view showing the schematic configuration of an assembled battery management system 100 according to the embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, an assembled battery is used for driving or the like of a hybrid vehicle or electric automobile (hereinafter simply referred to as "vehicle") in a market 200. In FIG. 1, an assembled battery 211 is mounted on a vehicle 210 for use. The number of vehicles and assembled batteries shown in FIG. 1 is one example, and it should be understood that there are more vehicles and assembled batteries in an actual market. For the embodiment, management of the assembled battery 211 will be mainly described.
[0020] The assembled battery 211 is configured of a plurality of combined battery blocks. The assembled battery 211 may be mounted on the vehicle 210 as, for example, a part of an electricity storage system (not shown). Information (assembled battery information) relating to the assembled battery 211 is acquired by the electricity storage system, vehicle 210, or the like and transmitted to an assembled battery information collecting unit 300. The assembled battery information may include information relating to the characteristics or the like of the assembled battery or identification information for identification of the assembled battery. Transmission of the assembled battery information is achieved by, for example, communication between the vehicle 210 (or the electricity storage system) and the assembled battery information collecting unit 300. Transmission of the assembled battery information from the vehicle 210 to the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 may be carried out regularly. The assembled battery information may be acquired temporarily by a dealer 220 and then transmitted to the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 from the dealer 220. The configuration may be such that the assembled battery information is acquired and/or the assembled battery information is transmitted to the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 by the assembled battery 211 itself, instead of the electricity storage system.
[0021] The dealer 220 carries out sales and/or maintenance of a vehicle or assembled battery. Upon maintenance, for example, the assembled battery information of the assembled battery 211 is acquired, and the state and various characteristics of the assembled battery 211 are diagnosed. The acquisition of the assembled battery information and the diagnosis of the assembled battery are carried out utilizing, for example, a diagnostic tool 221.
[0022] A diagnostic device 400 acquires the assembled battery information collected by the assembled battery information collecting unit 300. Based on the assembled battery information, the diagnostic device 400 determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary. In the case where maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary, the diagnostic device 400 notifies related persons of information relating to the assembled battery (hereinafter referred to as "assembled battery related information"). The related persons include the dealer 220 and a supplier 500, in addition to a user of the assembled battery 211 (owner of the vehicle 210). The supplier 500 carries out development, production, or the like of a vehicle or assembled battery. The assembled battery related information may include an indication that maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary or the assembled battery information itself.
[0023] FIG. 2 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of the assembled battery 211 in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 2, the assembled battery 211 is a battery pack including a plurality of battery blocks 213. The battery block 213 may include a plurality of single batteries 212. The single battery 212 is, for example, a cell of a lithium-ion battery (Li-ion battery) or a battery module in which a plurality of cells of lithium-ion battery are modularized. For example, approximately several to several tens of the single batteries 212 are included in one battery block 213. However, it may be such that one battery block 213 is configured of one single battery 212. The assembled battery 211 is configured of, for example, eight battery blocks 213 (battery blocks 1 to 8). It may be such that the battery stack 214 is configured of one battery block 213. Also, it may be such that one battery stack 214 is configured of two battery blocks 213. In that case, the assembled battery 211 is configured of four battery stacks. The single battery 212 may be configured of a cell or module of a nickel-metal-hydride rechargeable battery (Ni-MH battery).
[0024] FIG. 3 is a view for illustrating one example of the configuration of the diagnostic device 400 in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 3, the diagnostic device 400 includes a communication unit 410, a calculation unit 420, a determination unit 430, and a
communication unit 440.
[0025] The communication unit 410 is an assembled battery information acquisition unit that acquires the assembled battery information. For example, the communication unit 410 carries out communication with the assembled battery information collecting unit 300 in FIG. 1 and acquires the assembled battery information collected in the assembled battery information collecting unit 300. The assembled battery information includes information relating to various characteristics, e.g., capacity, of the plurality of battery blocks, battery stacks, and single batteries within the assembled battery. In the embodiment, the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery 211 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is acquired as one example. The acquired assembled battery information is sent to the calculation unit 420. The assembled battery information is also acquired by the communication unit 440 described below.
[0026] Based on the assembled battery information sent from the communication unit 410, the calculation unit 420 calculates the value attributed the variation in
characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 213 in FIG. 2) included in the assembled battery 211. The characteristics are, for example, the capacity for each battery block. The capacity of the battery block can be calculated based on the history of charge and discharge of the battery block. The variation may be the difference of the largest capacity and the smallest capacity or may be a variance value. The value attributed to variation in characteristics includes, in addition to the variation itself, the amount of change or the like in the variation with respect to the travelled distance of the vehicle (vehicle 210 in FIG. 1) or the time (e.g., number of days elapsed) for which the assembled battery 211 has been used. The calculation unit 420 may calculate the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery stacks (battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2), instead of the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks. Alternatively, the calculation unit 420 may calculate the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of single batteries (single batteries 212 in FIG. 2). Hereinafter, the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the battery blocks or the like that is calculated by the calculation unit 420 may be referred to simply as
"determination value." The calculated determination value is transmitted to the
determination unit 430.
[0027] Based on the determination value transmitted from the calculation unit 420, the determination unit 430 determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary. For example, in the case where the determination value exceeds a predetermined range, the determination unit 430 determines that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary. On the other hand, in the case where the
determination value is within the predetermined range, the determination unit 430 determines that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is unnecessary. The details of determination carried out by the determination unit 430 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The determination result of the determination unit 430 is sent to the communication unit 440.
[0028] The communication unit 440 is a notification unit that notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of the assembled battery related information. In the case where the determination unit 430 has determined that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary, the communication unit 440 notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of the assembled battery related information. Specifically, the communication unit 440 notifies the owner of the vehicle 210 that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary (see FIG. 1). The owner of the vehicle 210 is also the user of the assembled battery 211. Accordingly, the user of the assembled battery 211 can be notified that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary. Further, the communication unit 440 notifies that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary to the dealer 220 (see FIG. 1). Upon receiving notification from the
communication unit 440, the dealer 220 may notify that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary to the owner of the vehicle 210. The dealer 220 can prepare for maintenance of the assembled battery 211. The communication unit 440 notifies that maintenance of the assembled battery 211 is necessary to supplier 500 (see FIG. 1). At that time, the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery 211 is transmitted to the supplier 500. Accordingly, the supplier 500 can, for example, analyze the assembled battery 211 for which maintenance has become necessary to help the development or the like of the assembled battery.
[0029] FIGS. 4A and 4B are views for illustrating the variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery. The graphs in FIGS. 4A and 4B show the respective battery block capacities of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 1 to 8) included in the assembled battery. FIG. 4A shows a case where the variation in battery block capacities is relatively large, and FIG. 4B shows a case where the variation in battery block capacities is relatively small.
[0030] Referring to FIG. 4A, the battery block 6 is the largest in capacity and the battery block 4 is the smallest in capacity among the battery blocks 1 to 8. The capacity of the battery block 4 is considerably small compared to the capacity of other battery blocks, and degradation of the battery block 4 is significant. The assembled battery configured of such battery blocks 1 to 8 is likely to become unusable in the near future, due to failure or the like of the battery block 4.
[0031] Referring to FIG. 4B, the battery block 1 is the largest in capacity and the battery block 2 is the smallest in capacity among the battery blocks 1 to 8. However, the difference in capacity of the battery blocks 1 and 2 in FIG. 4B is considerably smaller than the difference in capacity of the battery blocks 6 and 4 in FIG. 4A. That is, in the case of FIG. 4B, the degradation is presumably to a lesser extent, even for the battery block 2 with the smallest capacity. The assembled battery configured of such battery blocks 1 to 8 is usable for the time being.
[0032] For the assembled battery configured of the plurality of battery blocks as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the calculation unit 420 in FIG. 3 calculates the variation in capacity of the respective battery blocks. The variation is calculated, for example, as the difference in capacity of a battery block with the largest capacity and a battery block with the smallest capacity. Alternatively, the variation may be calculated as a variance value for the battery blocks 1 to 8. In either case, the variation is relatively large in the case of FIG. 4A, and the variation is relatively small in the case of FIG. 4B.
[0033] In the case where, for example, the variation exceeds a predetermined range, the determination unit 430 in FIG. 3 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary. On the other hand, in the case where the variation is within the predetermined range, the determination unit 430 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is unnecessary. The predetermined range is specified such that, for example, maintenance is determined as necessary for the assembled battery in FIG. 4A and maintenance is determined as unnecessary for the assembled battery in FIG. 4B. By determining the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery on the basis of the predetermined range specified in this manner, it is possible to prompt the user of the assembled battery to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable. Since the assembled battery is usable in this period (at this point), the vehicle can be driven utilizing electric energy. As a result, for example, the user of the assembled battery can drive the vehicle mounted with the assembled battery and visit the dealer or the like.
[0034] FIG. 5 is a view for illustrating the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
Referring to FIG. 5, the abscissa represents the travelled distance (or number of days elapsed) of the vehicle mounted with the assembled battery. The ordinates respectively represent the assembled battery capacity and the variation in battery block capacity.
[0035] Regarding the assembled battery capacity, the assembled battery capacity changes when the travelled distance increases. The capacity of a battery is influenced by environmental change, e.g., temperature change. Therefore, the assembled battery capacity increases and decreases (fluctuates). Overall, the assembled battery capacity tends to decrease when the travelled distance increases. However, the decrease is relatively moderate. Such a change in the capacity of the assembled battery is hard to notice. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on a change in the capacity of the assembled battery.
[0036] Regarding the variation in battery block capacity, the magnitude of variation is initially constant (approximately zero) even with an increase in the travelled distance. That is, the magnitude of variation is not much influenced by environmental change. This is because the capacities of the respective battery blocks fluctuate in a similar manner (in the same way) with an environmental change. Therefore, from observation of the variation in battery block capacity, the fluctuation of capacity due to environmental change is removed. When the travelled distance increases and exceeds a certain amount of travelled distance (L0), the variation in battery block capacity starts to increase. Once the variation starts to increase, the amount of increase drastically increases in a relatively short period of time. Such a change in the variation of battery block capacity is easy to notice. Therefore, it is easy to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on a change in the battery block capacity. That is, by utilizing the variation in battery block capacity or a factor (value) attributed thereto, determination on the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery can be carried out accurately.
[0037] Regarding the variation in assembled battery block capacity, the calculation unit 420 in FIG. 3 may calculate the amount of change in the variation of battery block capacity with respect to the travelled distance (or number of days elapsed). For example, referring to FIG. 5, the calculation unit 420 calculates an amount of change βΐ in the variation of battery block capacity between travelled distances LI and L2.
Specifically, assuming the variation in battery block capacity at the travelled distance LI as cd and the variation in battery block capacity at the travelled distance L2 as a2, the amount of change βΐ is calculated with βΐ = ( 2 - ctl)/(L2 - LI). An amount of change β2 in the variation of battery block capacity between number of days elapsed Dl and D2 is calculated with β2 = (α2 - al)/(D2 - Dl). The amounts of change βΐ and β2 are values (i.e., determination values) attributed to variation in battery block capacity. The value attributed to variation may simply be a ratio (rate of change β3 which equals a2 over al) of the variation in battery block capacity most newly acquired with respect to the variation in battery block capacity that has been acquired earlier, without considering the travelled distance or number of days elapsed (elapsed time). It can be said that β2 and β3 are both amounts of change in the variation of battery block capacity with respect to time.
[0038] In the case where the determination value exceeds a predetermined range, the determination unit 430 in FIG. 3 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary. On the other hand, in the case where the determination value is within the predetermined range, the determination unit 430 can determine that maintenance of the assembled battery is unnecessary. The predetermined range is specified such that, for example, maintenance is determined as unnecessary for the determination value obtained when the travelled distance in FIG. 5 is between L0 and LI and maintenance is determined as necessary for the determination value obtained at a point when the travelled distance is L2 or greater. The determination unit 430 may determine whether or not the predetermined range is exceeded for each of two or more parameters out of three parameters of the amount of change βΐ, the amount of change β2, and the rate of change β3, and combine the results to determine the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery. The determination value is not limited to the value attributed to variation in capacity of the battery blocks. The determination value may be a value attributed to variation in capacity of the single batteries (single batteries 212 in FIG. 2) or may be a value attributed to variation in capacity of the battery stacks (battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2).
[0039] There are cases where the number of battery blocks included in the assembled battery is smaller than the number of single batteries included in the assembled battery. In a similar manner, there are cases where the number of battery stacks is smaller than the number of single batteries included in the assembled battery. Therefore, in a determination based on the determination value for the battery block or the battery stack, the amount of handled information (assembled battery information) is reduced than in a determination based on the determination value for the single battery. Accordingly, the load required for calculation of the determination value by the calculation unit 420 and/or determination based on the determination value by the determination unit 430 in FIG. 3 may be reduced.
[0040] FIG. 6 is a flowchart for illustrating a process carried out in the assembled battery management system of the embodiment. This flowchart is for execution by the diagnostic device 400 shown in FIG. 1 or the like.
[0041] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 6, the assembled battery information is first acquired (step S101). Next, based on the assembled battery information acquired in step S101, the value attributed to variation in battery block capacity, i.e., the determination value, is calculated (step S102). [0042] In step S103, whether or not the determination value calculated in step S102 is within the predetermined range is determined. In the case where the
determination value is within the predetermined range (YES in step S103), maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as unnecessary (step S104), and the process returns again to step S101. On the other hand, in the case where the determination value exceeds the predetermined range (NO in step S103), maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary (step S105).
[0043] When maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary in step S105, the assembled battery related information is notified with respect to the related persons of the assembled battery (step S106), and the flowchart ends.
[0044] In this way, according to the first embodiment, based on the variation in capacitances of the battery blocks included in the assembled battery, whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary is determined. If the amount (absolute amount) of decrease in capacity is used in determination on whether or not maintenance is necessary, the assembled battery is left standing without maintenance until the capacitance of any one of the battery blocks becomes lower than a predetermined threshold, and there is a possibility that the assembled battery is unusable at the timing when the capacitance becomes lower than the threshold. In contrast, by using the variation in capacitances, it is possible to prompt the user to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable. In this period, since the vehicle can be driven utilizing electric energy stored in the assembled battery, the user can drive the vehicle and visit the dealer or the like.
Second Embodiment
[0045] In the first embodiment, an example in which a malfunction of the battery blocks is detected based on the variation in battery block capacitances is described. There is also an internal resistance as another parameter usable to detect a malfunction of the battery blocks. In the second embodiment, a process of prompting the user to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery based on the variation in internal resistances of the battery blocks will be described. The configuration of an assembled battery management system according to the second embodiment is equivalent to the configuration of the assembled battery management system (see FIGS. 1 to 3) according to the first
embodiment, so the detailed description is not repeated.
[0046] FIGS. 7 A to 7C are views for illustrating the variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery. The graphs in FIGS. 7A to 7C show the respective battery block internal resistances
(hereinafter, also referred to as "battery block resistances) of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 1 to 8 shown in FIG. 2) included in the assembled battery.
[0047] FIG. 7A shows the variation in battery block resistances in an initial state (for example, a state just after manufacturing of the battery blocks 1 to 8). Referring to FIG. 7A, in the initial state, the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8 are substantially equal.
[0048] FIG. 7B shows the variation in battery block resistances in the case where there occurs ordinary degradation (for example, ordinary degradation advances, resulting in replacement of the battery blocks). The "ordinary degradation" means degradation resulting from a lapse of time or degradation resulting from repetitive use, and may be called "degradation over time". Referring to FIG. 7B, in the case of ordinary degradation, the amounts of increase in the internal resistances of the battery blocks 3 to 6 are relatively large, and the amount of increase in the internal resistance of the battery block 5 is the largest. On the other hand, the amounts of increase in the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1, 2, 7, 8 are relatively small among the battery blocks 1 to 8, and the amount of increase in the internal resistance of the battery block 7 is the smallest. In this way, in the case of ordinary degradation, although there are large or small amounts of increase in the internal resistances among the battery blocks 1 to 8, the internal resistances of all the battery blocks 1 to 8 are increased.
[0049] For the assembled battery configured of the plurality of battery blocks 1 to 8 as shown in FIG. 7B, the calculation unit 420 in FIG. 3 calculates the variation in internal resistances of the respective battery blocks 1 to 8. As in the case of the first embodiment, the variation may be calculated, for example, as the difference in resistance value of a battery block with the largest internal resistance and a battery block with the smallest internal resistance. The variation may be calculated as the difference between the resistance value of the battery block with the largest internal resistance and the average value of the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8. The variation may be calculated as the difference between the resistance value of the battery block with the smallest internal resistance and the average value of the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8. Alternatively, the variation may be calculated as a variance value of the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8.
[0050] As for the value attributed to variation, the amount of change in variation with respect to the travelled distance of the vehicle 210 or the usage time of the assembled battery 211 may be utilized. FIG. 8 is a graph for illustrating the value attributed to variation in internal resistances of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 8, the calculation unit 420 calculates an amount of change δΐ in variation of battery block resistance between travelled distances LI and L2. Specifically, assuming the variation in battery block resistance at the travelled distance LI as γΐ and the variation in battery block resistance at the travelled distance L2 as γ2, the amount of change δΐ is calculated with δΐ = (γ2 - yl)/(L2 - LI). An amount of change 62 in variation of battery block resistance between number of days elapsed Dl and D2 is calculated with δ2 = (γ2 - yl)/(D2 - Dl). The amounts of change 61 and 62 are values (i.e., determination values) attributed to variation in battery block resistance.
[0052] The value attributed to variation may simply be a ratio (rate of change 03 which equals γ2 over γΐ) of the variation in battery block resistance most newly acquired with respect to the variation in battery block resistance that has been acquired earlier, without considering the travelled distance or number of days elapsed (elapsed time). It can be said that 02 and 63 are both amounts of change in variation of battery block resistance with respect to time.
[0053] Referring back to FIGS. 7A to 7C, FIG. 7C shows the variation in battery block resistances in the event of an internal short-circuit. The "internal short-circuit" means not only a state where electrodes are completely short-circuited but also a state (small short-circuit state) where small current flows at the time of application of voltage due to foreign matter, or the like, involved inside the battery. Referring to FIG. 7C, the battery block 3 is remarkably smaller in internal resistance among the battery blocks I to 8 than the other battery blocks 1, 2, 4 to 8. In this way, in the case where there occurs an internal short-circuit, only the internal resistance of that battery block becomes smaller than the internal resistances of the other battery blocks.
[0054] For the battery blocks as shown in FIG. 7C, the calculation unit 420 calculates the variation in internal resistances. The various methods described with reference to FIG. 7B may be used as a method of calculating the variation. Particularly, it is preferred to use the difference (differential value) between the resistance value of the battery block with the smallest internal resistance and the average value of the internal resistances of the battery blocks 1 to 8. This is because, when there occurs an internal short-circuit, the above differential value becomes relatively large and, as a result, detection of the internal short-circuit is easy.
[0055] FIG. 9 is a table for illustrating causes of degradation of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery and factors that accelerate the degradation. Referring to FIG. 9, "O" (circle) in the table indicates that, for various causes of
degradation bringing about a decrease in the capacity of the battery block or an increase in the internal resistance of the battery block, a high-temperature state or high state of charge (SOC) of the battery block can accelerate the corresponding causes of degradation.
[0056] As shown in FIG. 9, generally, the high-temperature state or high SOC of the battery block can occur in parallel with a decrease in the capacity of the battery block and an increase in the internal resistance of the battery block. That is, the
high-temperature state can bring about various causes of degradation leading to a decrease in capacity, and can bring about various causes of degradation leading to an increase in resistance. Similarly, the high SOC can bring about various causes of degradation leading to a decrease in capacity, and can bring about various causes of degradation leading to an increase in resistance. [0057] A sensitivity to various causes of degradation may vary among the battery blocks. Therefore, there can be a battery block in which a decrease in capacity more remarkably occurs and a battery block in which an increase in resistance more remarkably occurs. Thus, in order to improve the accuracy of detecting a malfunction of the battery blocks, it is desirable not to use only one of the detected result of a decrease in capacity and the detected result of an increase in resistance but to use both.
[0058] FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating a process carried out in the assembled battery management system of the second embodiment. The flowchart shown in FIG. 10 differs from the flowchart (see FIG. 6) of the first embodiment in that the processes of step S102A and step S103A are further included.
[0059] Referring to FIG. 10, based on the assembled battery information, the determination value attributed to variation in battery block capacity is calculated (step S102), and the determination value attributed to variation in battery block resistance is calculated (step S102A).
[0060] In step S103, whether or not the determination value attributed to variation in battery block capacity is within a predetermined range Rl is determined. In addition, in step S103A, whether or not the determination value attributed to variation in battery block resistance is within a predetermined range R2 is determined. In the case where the determination value attributed to variation in battery block capacity is within the range Rl and the determination value attributed to variation in battery block resistance is within the range R2 (YES in step S103 and YES in step S103A), maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as unnecessary (step S104).
[0061] On the other hand, in the case where the determination value attributed to variation in battery block capacity exceeds the range Rl (NO in step S103), or in the case where the determination value attributed to variation in battery block resistance exceeds the range R2 (NO in step S103A), maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary (step S105). The process of S106 is equivalent to the process corresponding to the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, so the detailed description thereof is not repeated. [0062] In this way, according to the second embodiment, based on the variation in internal resistances (battery block resistances) of the battery blocks, whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary is determined. Thus, as in the case of the first embodiment, it is possible to prompt the user to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable. In addition, by using both the detected result of a decrease in capacitance and the detected result of an increase in internal resistance in determination on whether or not maintenance is necessary, it is possible to improve the accuracy of determining whether or not maintenance is necessary.
[0063] Finally, the embodiment of the invention will be summarized. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, the assembled battery management system 100 according to the embodiment of the invention includes the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410) that acquires the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, the calculation unit 420 that calculates the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery based on the assembled battery information acquired by the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410), the determination unit 430 that determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation calculated by the calculation unit 420, and the notification unit (communication unit 440) that notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of the information relating to the assembled battery in the case where the determination unit 430 has determined that maintenance is necessary. Accordingly, it is possible to prompt the user to carry out maintenance of the assembled battery in an appropriate period before the assembled battery becomes unusable.
[0064] Preferably, the assembled battery information includes information relating to the battery block capacity of each of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 213 or battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2) included in the assembled battery. More preferably, the value attributed to variation is an amount of change (β2 in FIG. 5) in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to time. Alternatively, the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change (βΐ in FIG. 5) in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to the travelled distance of the vehicle. Accordingly, determination on the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery is carried out accurately.
[0065] Preferably, the assembled battery information includes information relating to the battery block resistance of each of the plurality of battery blocks (battery blocks 213 or battery stacks 214 in FIG. 2) included in the assembled battery. More preferably, the value attributed to variation is an amount of change (62 in FIG. 8) in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to time. Alternatively, the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change (δ2 in FIG. 8) in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to the travelled distance of the vehicle. Accordingly, determination on the necessity of maintenance of the assembled battery is carried out accurately.
[0066] The diagnostic device 400 is a device used for an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks, , including the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410) that acquires the assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery, the calculation unit 420 that calculates the value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery based on the assembled battery information acquired by the assembled battery information acquisition unit (communication unit 410), the determination unit 430 that determines whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to the variation calculated by the calculation unit 420, and the notification unit (communication unit 440) that notifies the persons relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery in the case where the determination unit 430 has determined that maintenance is necessary.
[0067] The embodiments disclosed herein should be taken as exemplary in all respects and not as a limitation. The scope of the invention is intended to be shown not by the description of the embodiment above but by the scope of claims and include all changes within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. An assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks, the assembled battery management system comprising:
an assembled battery information acquisition unit configured to acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery;
a calculation unit configured to calculate a value attributed to variation in
characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery
information;
a determination unit configured to determine whether ,or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation; and
a notification unit configured to notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when the determination unit determines that maintenance is necessary.
2. The assembled battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the assembled battery information includes information relating to a battery block capacity of each of the plurality of battery blocks.
3. The assembled battery management system according to claim 2, wherein the value attributed to variation is an amount of change in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to time.
4. The assembled battery management system according to claim 2, wherein the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change in variation of battery block capacity within the assembled battery with respect to a travelled distance of the vehicle.
5. The assembled battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the assembled battery information includes information relating to a battery block resistance of each of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery.
6. The assembled battery management system according to claim 5, wherein the value attributed to variation is an amount of change in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to time.
7. The assembled battery management system according to claim 5, wherein the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle for use, and the value attributed to variation is an amount of change in variation of battery block resistance within the assembled battery with respect to a travelled distance of the vehicle.
8. A device used for an assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks, the device comprising:
an assembled battery information acquisition unit configured to acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery;
a calculation unit configured to calculate a value attributed to variation in
characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks included in the assembled battery based on the assembled battery information acquired by the assembled battery information acquisition unit;
a determination unit configured to determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation and calculated by the calculation unit; and
a notification unit configured to notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when the determination unit determines that maintenance is necessary.
9. An assembled battery management system for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks, the assembled battery management system comprising: a diagnostic device configured to
i) acquire assembled battery information relating to the assembled battery; ii) calculate a value attributed to variation in characteristics of the plurality of battery blocks based on the assembled battery information;
iii) determine whether or not maintenance of the assembled battery is necessary based on the value attributed to variation; and
iv) notify a person relating to the assembled battery of information relating to the assembled battery when maintenance of the assembled battery is determined as necessary.
PCT/IB2014/001727 2013-09-04 2014-09-04 Assembled battery management system and device WO2015033210A1 (en)

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