WO2015005857A1 - Medium/high-voltage cable comprising fluoropolymer layers - Google Patents
Medium/high-voltage cable comprising fluoropolymer layers Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015005857A1 WO2015005857A1 PCT/SE2014/050868 SE2014050868W WO2015005857A1 WO 2015005857 A1 WO2015005857 A1 WO 2015005857A1 SE 2014050868 W SE2014050868 W SE 2014050868W WO 2015005857 A1 WO2015005857 A1 WO 2015005857A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
- H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
- H01B9/027—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of semi-conducting layers
Abstract
The embodiments relate to medium-/high-voltage cables (1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) comprising an electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62), an inner conductor screen (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63) of an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material, such as perfluoroalkoxy, and an outer insulation layer (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64) of an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material, such as fluorinated ethylene propylene. The medium-/high-voltage cables (1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) have a very wide operational temperature range.
Description
Medium/high-voltage cable comprising fluoropolymer layers
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present embodiments generally relate to medium-/high-voltage cables, and in particular such mediurr high-voltage cables with improved operational temperature range.
BACKGROUND
Medium-voltage cables and high-voltage cables, collectively denoted mediunWhigh-voltage cables herein, are traditionally used for a variety of applications, including in instruments, ignition systems, alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) power transmission. A non-limiting example includes electrical power transmission at medium or high voltage.
MediurrWhigh-voltage relates to voltages >600 V, and most medium-voltage cables are designed to operate within 10 to 30 kV with high-voltage cables typically over 50 kV.
MediunWhigh-voltage cables rated for voltage above 1 kV and available on the market are commonly designed and produced with insulation materials, such as, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), hard grade ethylene propylene rubber (HEPR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These are rated for continuous operation temperature not exceeding 90°C, see International Standard IEC 60502-2, Second edition, page 25, Table 3 - Maximum conductor temperatures for different types of insulating compound.
The processability of these commonly used insulation materials allows them to be pressure extruded onto the electrical conductor of the mediunrWhigh-voltage cables.
The prior art mediunWhigh-voltage cables work fairly well under some operation conditions. However, they have shortcomings when additional demands are put onto the mediurrWhigh-voltage cables, for instance, in terms of wide operational temperature range, chemical inertness and excellent flame retardant properties.
WO 95/05601 discloses a twisted-pair cable, which has an attenuation no greater than 22 dB/100 m at 100 MHz and wherein each conductor of the cable has dual layer insulation with an inner layer of solid fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) or perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) and an outer layer of solid ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) or ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE).
US 2006/0137895 discloses an electrical cable with a coated electrical conductor, a polymeric protective layer which traps any coating flakes, a first insulating jacket disposed adjacent to the electrical conductor and having a first relative permittivity. A second insulating jacket is disposed adjacent to the first insulating jacket and has a second, lower relative permittivity.
GB 2 350 476 discloses a power cable for use as a winding in a high voltage electrical machine. The cable comprises at least two coaxially arranged electrical conductors and a first electrical insulator positioned between these conductors and a second electrical insulator positioned around the radially outermost electrical conductor. Each electrical insulator comprises inner and outer layers of semiconducting material and an intermediate layer of electrically insulating material positioned between the inner and outer serni-conducting layers.
SUMMARY
It is a general objective to provide a medium-/high-voltage cable with improved operational temperature range.
This and other objectives are met by embodiments as defined herein. An aspect of the embodiments defines a mediunWhigh-voltage cable comprising an electrical conductor, an inner conductor screen of electrically semi-conductive perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP).
A related aspect of the embodiment defines a method of producing a mediun high-voltage cable according to above. The method comprises co-extruding electrically semi-conductive PFA and electrically non-conductive FEP through a common extrusion die onto an electrical conductor to form the medium-/high-voltage cable comprising the electrical conductor, an inner conductor screen of the electrically semi-conductive PFA and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non-conductive FEP. Another related aspect of the embodiment defines method of producing a mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to above. The method comprises tandem extruding electrically semi-conductive PFA and electrically non-conductive FEP by extruding the electrically semi-conductive PFA through a first extrusion die onto an electrical conductor followed by extruding the electrically non-conductive FEP through a second extrusion die onto the electrically semi-conductive PFA to form the medium-/high-
voltage cable comprising the electrical conductor, an inner conductor screen of the electrically semi- conductive PFA and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non-conductive FEP.
Another aspect of the embodiments defines a medium-/high-voltage cable comprising an electrical conductor and a dual insulation. The dual insulation consists of an inner conductor screen of an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer of an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
A related aspect of the embodiments defines a method of producing a mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to above. The method comprises co-extruding an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a common extrusion die onto an electrical conductor to form the mediunWhigh-voltage cable comprising the electrical conductor and a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of the electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
Another related aspect of the embodiment defines method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable according to above. The method comprises tandem extruding an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material by extruding the electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a first extrusion die onto an electrical conductor followed by extruding the electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a second extrusion die onto the electrically semi- conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material to form the mediunWhigh-voltage cable comprising the electrical conductor and a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of the electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
The medium-/high-voltage cables of the embodiments have wide operational temperature range. The medium-/high-voltage cable also have excellent properties with regard to chemical inertness and flame retardation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The embodiments, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by making reference to the following description taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to an embodiment; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to another embodiment; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to a further embodiment;
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a mediun high-voltage cable according to yet another embodiment; Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to an embodiment; Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to another embodiment; Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to a further embodiment; Fig. 8 is a partly cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to an embodiment;
Fig. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable according to an embodiment;
Fig. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable according to another embodiment;
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a mediun high-voltage cable according yet another embodiment; Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according a further embodiment; and
Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable according to still another embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present embodiments generally relate to medium-voltage cables and high-voltage cables, collectively denoted mediunWhigh-voltage cables herein. In particular, the embodiments relate to such mediunWhigh-voltage cables having excellent operation properties or characteristics in terms of, for instance, wide operational temperature range. The medium-/high-voltage cables also have beneficial properties with regard to chemical inertness, chemical stability and flame retardation.
The embodiments achieve these advantageous effects by using selected materials for its conductor screen and insulation layer. Thus, whereas the traditional insulation materials for this type of cables include cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), hard grade ethylene propylene rubber (HEPR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), see International Standard IEC 60502-2, section 4.2 Insulating compounds, the embodiments use thermoplastic fluorocarbon materials. This group of eiectricaliy insulating materials provides the desired operation properties to the medium-Zhigh- voltage cables of the embodiments. An aspect of the embodiments relates to a mediunWhigh-voltage cable comprising an electrical conductor, an inner conductor screen of electrically semi-conductive (SC) perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP).
Hence, in its basic concept the medium-/high-voltage cable of this aspect comprises an electrically conductor screened by a conductor screen of electrically SC PFA and with an insulation layer of electrically non-conductive, i.e. electrically insulating, FEP outside of the conductor screen.
The conductor screen of electrically SC PFA is employed to, among others, reduce the risk of corona ionization ignition during use of the medium-/high-voltage cable.
The SC PFA, i.e. inner conductor screen, is disposed adjacent to the electrical conductor and in particular provided over/around the electrical conductor. The electrically non-conductive FEP, i.e. outer insulation layer, is then disposed adjacent to the inner conductor screen and in particular provided over/around the inner conductor screen.
The electrically SC PFA of the inner conductor screen is preferably in the form of PFA, which is an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material, comprising electrically conductive particles to achieve electrical semi-conductivity of the inner conductor screen. The electrically conductive particles are preferably embedded within the PFA material. Examples of such electrically
conductive particles that can be used according to the embodiments include carbon, such as carbon black; graphite; metallic particles, including metal alloy particles; electrically conductive pigments or additives. The electrically conductive particles thereby provide semi-conductivity to the PFA material and therefore act preventive to ionization.
In a particular embodiment, the electrically SC PFA in the inner conductor screen is electrically SC carbon-filled PFA, i.e. PFA with embedded carbon particles, such as carbon black particles.
The SC PFA preferably comprises, in an embodiment, carbon particles in a range of 0.5 to 60 weight%. Preferably, the SC PFA comprises carbon particles in a range of 1 to 30 weight%, more preferably 15 to 20 weight% and in particular 16 to 18 weight%.
The inner conductor screen of the mediunWhigh-voltage cable preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 1.6 mm.
The outer insulation layer of the medium-/high-voltage cable preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.7 to 8 mm.
The electrical conductor can be made of any electrically conductive material traditionally used for medium-/high voltage cables. Non-limited, but preferred, examples of such electrically conductive material include an electrically conductive metal, including an electrically conductive metal alloy and electrically conductive plated metal or metal alloy. Such electrically conductive metals are, in a preferred embodiment, selected from a group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, a silver alloy, a gold alloy, a platinum alloy, a nickel alloy and steel. In a particular embodiment, the conductor is either of class 1 or class 2 of plain or metal-coated annealed copper or of plain aluminum or aluminum alloy in accordance with IEC 60228. The embodiments are, however, not limited to the conductor classes presented in IEC 60228 but can also use other conductor materials commonly used in medium-/high-voltage cables. Examples of suitable conductor material include bare copper, plated copper, bare aluminum, plated aluminum, bare steel, plated steel, bare silver, plated silver, bare gold, plated gold, bare platinum, plated platinum, bare nickel and plated nickel. Non-limiting examples of material that can be used for plating include tin, nickel, copper and silver. Illustrative examples include tin-plated copper (TPC), nickel-plated copper (NPC) and silver-plated copper (SPC).
The electrical conductor could be a solid electrical conductor, i.e. having a single metal core. Such an approach is illustrated in Fig. 1 showing a cross-sectional view of a medium-/high-voltage cable 1 according to an embodiment. The solid electrical conductor 2 is screened by the inner conductor screen 3 of electrically SC PFA, which in this embodiment, is provided directly onto the solid conductor. The inner conductor screen 3 is, in turn, covered by the outer insulation layer 4 of electrically non- conductive FEP.
In an alternative approach, the electrical conductor is a stranded electrical conductor having multiple, i.e. at least two, strands. An example of such stranded electrical conductors is an electrical conductor comprising a central electrical conductor and multiple electrical conductors helically positioned around the central electrical conductor. Another example includes an electrical conductor in the form of multiple metal (alloy) wires, such as twisted wires. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a medium-Zhigh- voltage cable 10 according to an embodiment with a stranded electrical conductor 12. Fig. 8 illustrates the mediun high-voltage cable 10 in a partial cross-sectional view. In this embodiment, the inner conductor screen 13 of electrically SC PFA is provided around and thereby screens the multiple strands or wires of the stranded electrical conductor 12. The outer insulation layer of electrically non- conductive FEP is provided over and around the inner conductor screen 14 as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
The electrical conductor typically has a circular cross-section but other cross-sectional forms are possible including, for instance, triangular, quadratic, rectangular, elliptic, oval, concave or convex cross-section. Such electrical conductors having non-circular cross-sections are generally denoted shaped conductors.
The electrical conductor, regardless of being in the form of a single strand, as shown in Fig. 1 , or multiple individual strands, as shown in Fig. 2, preferably has a total or nominal cross-sectional area in a range of 1 to 1600 mm2. Table 1 presented below provides non-limiting examples of preferred nominal cross-sectional area of the electrical conductor and nominal thicknesses of the inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer.
Table 1 - Cross-sectional area and thickness
Electrical conductor Inner conductor screen Outer insulation layer
Nominal cross-sectional area (mm2) Nominal thickness (mm) Nominal thickness (mm)
1 - 2.5 0.1 - 1.0 0.7 - 3.0
> 2.5 - 10 0.1 - 1.0 0.7 - 5.0
> 10 - 16 0.1 - 1.2 0.7 - 6.0
> 16 - 35 0.1 - 1.2 0.9 - 6.0
> 35 - 50 0.2 - 1.6 1.0 - 8.0
> 50 - 95 0.2 - 1.6 1.1 - 8.0
> 95 - 120 0.2 - 1.6 1.2 - 8.0
> 120 - 150 0.2 - 1.6 1.4 - 8.0
> 150 - 185 0.2 - 1.6 1.6 - 8.0
> 185 - 240 0.2 - 1.6 1.7 - 8.0
> 240 - 300 0.2 - 1.6 1.8 - 8.0
> 300 - 400 0.2 - 1.6 2.0 - 8.0
> 400 - 500 0.2 - 1.6 2.2 - 8.0
> 500 - 630 0.2 - 1.6 2.4 - 8.0
> 630 - 800 0.2 - 1.6 2.6 - 8.0
> 800 - 1000 0.2 - 1.6 2.8 - 8.0
> 1000 - 1600 0.2 - 1.6 3.2 - 8.0
In an embodiment the medium-/high-voltage cable further comprises an optional outer conductor screen. This outer conductor screen is made of an electrically SC material and preferably an electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material. The outer conductor screen is preferably provided and disposed over and around the outer insulation layer. Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a medium- /high-voltage cable 20 comprising an outer conductor screen 25 in addition to the electrical conductor 22, the inner conductor screen 23 of electrically SC PFA and the outer insulation layer 24 of electrically non-conductive FEP. Fig. 4 illustrates a corresponding embodiment of a mediunWhigh-voltage cable 30 with a stranded electrical conductor 32, inner conductor screen 33, outer insulation layer 34 and outer conductor screen 35.
Hence, in the embodiments as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the outer insulation layer 24, 34 is disposed between the inner conductor screen 23, 33 and the outer conductor screen 25, 35.
The outer conductor screen is, in an embodiment, preferably made of an electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material comprising embedded electrically conductive particles. The conductive particles of the outer conductor screen can be selected among the examples presented in the foregoing for the conductive particles embedded in the PFA of the inner conductor screen. A preferred example of such conductive particles is carbon particles, such as carbon black particles. In such an example, the outer conductor screen is made of electrically SC thermoplastic carbon-filled fluorocarbon material.
The thermoplastic fluorocarbon material of the outer conductor screen is preferably selected from a group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), FEP and PFA. In a particular embodiment, the outer conductor screen is made of electrically SC PFA, such as electrically SC carbon-filled PFA. Thus, in an embodiment the inner and outer conductor screens are made of the same electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material. In another particular embodiment, the outer conductor screen is made of electrically SC FEP, such as electrically SC carbon-filled FEP. In a further particular embodiment, the outer conductor screen is made of electrically SC ETFE, such as electrically SC carbon-filled ETFE.
The outer conductor screen could be formed, together with the inner conductor screen and the outer insulating layer, by thermoplastic extrusions, such as triextrusion. Hence, the outer conductor screen is preferably in the form of one of a thermoplastically extruded electrically SC PFA layer, a themnoplastically extruded electrically SC FEP layer and a thermoplastically extruded electrically SC ETFE layer
In another embodiment, the outer conductor screen is made of another electrically SC material than the inner conductor screen. This electrically SC material could, for instance, be an electrically SC plastic but non-fluorocarbon material comprising embedded electrically conductive particles. It is, however, generally preferred to use an electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material as the outer conductor screen in terms of wide operational temperature range, chemical stability and inertness. In an alternative approach the outer conductor screen is made of an electrically SC dispersion or wrapped tape, such as a carbon-based dispersion. A non-limiting example of an electrically SC dispersion is such an electrically SC dispersion comprising about 18 weight% carbon particles. A non- limiting example of an electrically SC applied tape longitudinal or helically wrapped is such an electrically SC tape comprising about 4 weight% carbon particles.
The outer conductor screen of the medium-/high-voltage cable preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.01 to 1.6 mm. The mediun high-voltage cable further comprises, in an embodiment, an outer conductor provided or disposed over or around the outer conductor screen. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate embodiments of medium- /high-voltage cables 40, 50 comprising such an outer conductor 46, 56. In these embodiments the medium-/high-voltage cable 40, 50 comprises, starting from the center of the cable 40, 50 and moving radially outwards, the electrical conductor 42, 52, the inner conductor screen 43, 53, the outer insulation layer 44, 54, the outer conductor screen 45, 55 and the outer conductor 46, 56.
The outer conductor couid be according to various implementation examples, such as, a metallic braid, helicoidally applied wires, a tube, a wrapped foil, a laminated foil or a longitudinal foil. The outer conductor could be made of an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy material selected among the ones previously described herein in connection with metal material of the electrical conductor. Particular examples of electrically conductive metal material for the outer conductor include bare or plated copper, bare or plated aluminum, bare or plated nickel, bare of plated steel and alloys comprising copper and/or aluminum, including plated alloys.
The above described embodiments of medium-/high-voltage cable and as shown in Figs. 1 to 6 can be used alone or as single or multi-core cables. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable may further comprise additional components, such as jackets, for instance inner jacket and/or outer jacket; armour; strength member(s), for instance aramid or steel; swelling powder; fillers, for instance yarn, fiber glass, solid or foamed bult; filling compounds, for instance melt glue, silicon, powder; tapes, for instance Mica tape, polyimide tape, polyethylene terephtalate (PETP) tape, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape, water blocking tape; tubes; rip cord; braids; optical fibers; etc. traditionally used for mediurrWhigh-voltage cables. Fig. 7 schematically illustrates an example of multiple cables comprising the electrical conductor 62, inner conductor screen 63 of electrically SC PFA and outer insulation layer 64 of electrically non- conductive FEP and arranged together to form a mediunWhigh-voltage cable 60. The multiple, non- limitedly exemplified by seven in Fig. 7, cables are housed within a jacket 67 surrounded by an optional
armour 68. The void 69 between the multiple cables within the jacket 67 may optionally filled with a non-conductive material.
The multiple cables enclosed by the jacket 67 in Fig. 7 have been exemplified according to the embodiment as shown in Fig. 2. The embodiments are, however, not limited thereto. Any of the embodiments as shown in Figs. 1-6 could be used a cables present within the jacket 67 of the medium- Zhigh-voltage cable of Fig. 7.
The filling compound, jacket 67 and armour 68 can be made of materials traditionally employed for such components in mediurrv/fiigh-voltage cables.
Fig. 11 schematically iiiustrates an example of a mediun high-voiiage cabie 70 comprising multiple electrical conductors 72, each of which is provided with an inner conductor screen 73 of electrically SC PFA, an outer insulation layer 74 of electrically non-conductive FEP and an outer conductor 76, such as in the form of a braided screen of TPC wire. An outer jacket 77 is provided around and enclosing the conductors. The outer jacket 77 could, for instance, be in the form of a fluoropolymer, such as PFA, FEP or ETFE. Alternatives of the medium-/high-voltage cable 70 as shown in Fig. 11 include using any of the embodiments as shown in Figs. 1-6 as a cable present within the outer jacket 77. Fig. 12 schematically illustrates an example of a mediun high-voltage cable 80 comprising multiple electrical conductors 82, each of which is provided with an inner conductor screen 83 of electrically SC PFA and an outer insulation layer 84 of electrically non-conductive FEP. An optional outer conductor 86 is provided around the outer insulation layer 84. In the figure, two such conductors are enclosed in an outer jacket 87, such as a jacket of a fluoropolymer, such as PFA, FEP or ETFE. At least one aramid thread 88 could be embedded in the jacket as strength member. Alternatives of the medium- Zhigh-voltage cable 80 as shown in Fig. 12 include using any of the embodiments as shown in Figs. 1-6 as a cable present within the outer jacket 87.
Fig. 13 schematically illustrates an example of a medium-/high-voltage cable 90 comprising multiple electrical conductors 92, each of which is provided with an inner conductor screen 93 of electrically SC PFA and an outer insulation layer 94 of electrically non-conductive FEP. The electrical conductors 92 are housed within a jacket 97. The jacked 67 may optionally be surrounded by an armour as illustrated in Fig. 7. In an embodiment, the jacket 97 additionally houses a coaxial cable 99 with an inner conductor, dielectric layer, screen and jacket. Furthermore, the figure illustrates a twisted-pair cable 96
and a twisted cable with three conductors 98. The void between the multiple cables within the jacket 97 may optionally filled by a filling compound, such as a non-conductive filler. Alternatives of the medium- /high-voltage cable 90 as shown in Fig. 12 include using any of the embodiments as shown in Figs. 1-6 as a cable present within the jacket 97.
The examples shown in Figs. 1-8, 11-13 should merely been seen as a few illustrative examples of medium-/high-cables according to embodiments. Further variant, combination and modifications are possible and within the scope of the embodiments. For instance, the outer conductor 46, 56 in Figs. 5 and 6 can be applied directly onto the outer insulating layer 44, 54, i.e. omitting the outer conductor screen 45, 55 in Figs. 5 and 6.
One or more additives may be present in the insulating iayer(s) and/or conductor screen(s). Such additives can be selected among additives commonly used for mediunWhigh-voltage cables. Non- limiting but illustrative example include pigment, antistatic agents and various stabilizers.
The thermoplastic fluorocarbon materials of the inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer are not suitable for pressure extrusion as traditionally employed polymer materials for mediunWhigh- voltage cables. The inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer can be formed onto the electrical layer by thermoplastic extrusion. The electrically SC PFA and the electrically non-conductive FEP could be co- extruded, tandem extruded or extruded in separate operations.
In a first approach, the electrically SC PFA and the electrically non-conductive FEP are (thermoplastically) co-extruded through a common extrusion die onto the electrical conductor. Such co- extrusion can be performed in a manner that prevents or at least significantly reduces the risk of air inclusions, i.e. formation of air voids, between the electrical conductor and the inner conductor screen and in particular between the inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer. The co-extrusion secures tight transition between the layers and provides a substantially void free and homogenously fused combination of the PFA and FEP materials.
In a second approach the electrically SC PFA and the electrically non-conductive FEP are tandem extruded in the form of thermoplastic extrusion of the electrically SC PFA through a first extrusion die onto the electrical conductor followed by thermoplastic extrusion of the electrically non-conductive FEP
through a second extrusion die onto the inner conductor screen. Hence, in this second approach different extrusion dies are employed and the two thermoplastic fluorocarbon materials are extruded one after another and not substantially simultaneously as in the co-extrusion of the first approach. A third approach, generally regarded as less preferred over the first and second approach due to increased risk of void formation between the PFA and FEP materials and increased risk of contamination, involves (thermoplastically) extruding the electrically SC PFA and the electrically non- conductive FEP in separate extrusion processes using separate extrusion dies. Fig. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable according to an embodiment. The method involves co-extruding, in step S1 , electrically SC PFA and electrically non-conductive FEP through a common extrusion die onto an electrical conductor. The method thereby produces the medium-/high-vo!tage cable comprising the electrical conductor, an inner conductor screen of the electrically SC PFA and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non- conductive FEP.
When using co-extrusion for producing a medium-/high-voltage cable the extrusion properties of the insulation materials need to be matched in order to achieve good airtight or void free sealing between the inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer. Electrically SC PFA and electrically non- conductive FEP have matched extrusion properties.
Fig. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a mediurrWhigh-voltage cable according to another embodiment. The method involves tandem extruding, in step S10, electrically SC PFA and electrically non-conductive FEP by extruding the electrically SC PFA through a first extrusion die onto an electrical conductor followed by extruding the electrically non-conductive FEP through a second extrusion die onto the electrically SC PFA. The method thereby produces the mediun high-voltage cable comprising the electrical conductor, an inner conductor screen of the electrically SC PFA and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non-conductive FEP. In the foregoing, production of medium-/high-voltage cables of the embodiments as exemplified in the flow diagrams of Figs. 9 and 10 has mainly been in the form of co-extrusion, tandem extrusion or indeed extrusion in separate operations of the materials for the inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer. It is, however, also possible to perform thermoplastic triextrusion forming three layers as is discussed in the following experimental section. For instance, thermoplastic triextrusion could be
employed to produce a mediurr high-voltage cable with an inner conductor screen, an outer insulating layer and an outer conductor screen as disclosed herein, see Figs. 3 and 4. In a particular example, thermoplastic triextrusion is used in order to produce a medium-/high-voltage cable with an inner conductor screen of electrically SC PFA, an outer insulating layer of electrically non-conductive FEP and an outer conductor screen of electrically SC PFA. Co-extrusion and tandem extrusion as used herein thereby also encompasses thermoplastic triextrusion, in which an additional layer (outer conductor screen) could be provided in addition to the inner conductor screen and the outer insulating layer. Another aspect of the embodiments relates to a medium-/high-voltage cable comprising an electrical conductor and a dual insulation. This dual insulation consists of an inner conductor screen of an eiectricaliy SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer of an electrically non- conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material. Hence, in this aspect the mediun high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of only two layers: the inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer. Hence, the dual insulation does not comprise any other insulation layer or SC layer according to this aspect.
In a particular embodiment, the medium-/high-voltage cable consists of the electrical conductor and the dual insulation. Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate such embodiments with the mediurrWhigh-voltage cable 1 , 10 consisting of the electrical conductor 2, 12 and the dual insulation consisting of the inner conductor screen 3, 13 of electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and the outer insulation layer 4, 14 of electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material. In other embodiments, a conductive layer, such as metal jacket; metal armour or outer conductor, could be disposed around the dual insulation.
The electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material of the inner conductor screen is preferably selected from the group consisting of electrically SC ETFE, electrically SC FEP and electrically SC PFA.
The thermoplastic fluorocarbon material of the inner conductor screen is preferably made electrically SC by the inclusion of embedded electrically conductive particles. These conductive particles can be selected among the previously discussed particles including, for instance, carbon particles, such as
carbon black particles. For instance, the electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material could be electrically SC PFA.
The electrically non-conductive thermoplastic material of the outer insulation layer is preferably selected from the group consisting of electrically non-conductive ETFE, electrically non-conductive FEP and electrically non-conductive PFA. A particular example is to use electrically non-conductive FEP for the outer insulation layer.
A first embodiment of the medium-/high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC ETFE and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive ETFE.
A second embodiment of the mediunWhigh-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC ETFE and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive FEP.
A third embodiment of the medium-/high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC ETFE and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive PFA.
A fourth embodiment of the medium-/high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC FEP and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive ETFE. A fifth embodiment of the medium-/high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC FEP and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive FEP.
A sixth embodiment of the medium-/high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC FEP and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive PFA.
A seventh embodiment of the mediun high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC PFA and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive ETFE. An eighth embodiment of the medium-/high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC PFA and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive FEP.
A ninth embodiment of the medium-/high-voltage cable has a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen of electrically SC PFA and an outer insulation layer of electrically non-conductive PFA.
The discussion presented in the foregoing with regard to type of the electrical conductor; material of the electrical conductor; size of the electrical conductor, the inner conductor screen and the outer insulation layer can also be applied to the medium-/high-voltage cable according to this aspect.
The dual insulation can be formed onto the electrical layer by thermoplastic extrusion. The electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and the electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material could be co-extruded, tandem extruded or extruded in separate operations.
Fig. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to an embodiment. The method involves co-extruding, in step S1 , an electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a common extrusion die onto an electrical conductor. The method thereby produces the medium-/high- voltage cable comprising the electrical conductor and the dual insulation, where this dual insulation consists of an inner conductor screen of the electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
Fig. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable according to another embodiment. The method involves tandem extruding, in step S10, an electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material by extruding the electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a first extrusion die onto an electrical conductor followed by extruding the electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a second extrusion die onto the electrically SC thermoplastic
fluorocarbon material. The method thereby produces the medium-/high-voltage cable comprising the electrical conductor and the dual insulation, where this dual insulation consists of an inner conductor screen of the electrically SC thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer of the electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
The medium-/high-voltage cables of the embodiments have a wide operational temperature range and can be used from about -100°C up to at least 200°C, typically even up to 260°C. This should be compared to traditional medium-/high-voltage cables, such as defined in the previously mentioned IEC 60502-2, with an upper temperature limit of 90°C.
The medium-/high-voltage cables of the embodiments additionally have advantageous properties with regard to chemical inertness, chemical stability and flame retardation through the usage of the thermoplastic fluorocarbon materials. EXAMPLES
Example 1
A mediurr high-voltage cable was produced by co-extrusion.
Main extruder: Maillefer 30 mm 24/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: Unitek USCC-V-F 3/20
Auxiliary extruder: Norolex 25 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Screw designs: FEP design with a compression ratio of 2.5:1
Die diameter: 18 mm
Tip outer diameter: 6.5 mm
Draw down ratio 10
Main extruder
Resin: Daikin Neoflon FEP NP-30 MFR 2.91
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 330
Center rear 340
Center front 350
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 370
Screw speed: 36 rpm
Wire speed: 2 m/min Auxiliary extruder
Resin: SC PFA Colorant S185.2 FR 20
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 320
Center rear 330
Center front 340
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 360
Crosshead 375
Die 375
Screw speed: 12 rpm
Wire: 4 mm2 cross-sectional (56 χ 0.30 mm) TPC diameter 2.50 mm A medium-/high-voltage cable with a dual coated wire insulation was produced. The dual insulation consisted of an inner conductor screen of SC PFA insulation with a thickness of 0.35 mm and an outer insulation layer of FEP insulation with a thickness of 1.50 mm.
Example 2
A mediurrWhigh-voltage cable was produced by tandem extrusion.
Main extruder: Dexsen 45 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: Erocarb E25JF11 single layer for fluoropolymers
Auxiliary extruder: Mapre 38 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Distance between extruders: 1000 mm
Crosshead: KP engineering for fluoropolymers
Screw designs: FEP design with a compression ratio of 2.5:1
Main extruder
Resin: Daikin Neoflon FEP NP-30 MFR 2.91
Die diameter 34 mm
Tip outer diameter 18 mm
Draw down ratio 9
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 330
Center rear 340
Center front 350
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 365
Crosshead 375
Die 380
Screw speed: 40 rpm
Wire speed: 2 m/min
Auxiliary extruder
Resin: SC PFA Colorant S185.2 MFR 20
Die diameter 22 mm
Tip outer diameter 18 mm
Draw down ratio 13
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 325
Center rear 335
Center front 345
Front 355
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 360
Crosshead 370
Die 370
Screw speed: 12 rpm
Wire: 35 mm2 (37 x 1.1 mm) TPC diameter 7.7 mm
A medium-/high-voltage cable with a dual coated wire insulation was produced. The dual insulation consisted of an inner conductor screen of SC PFA insulation with a thickness of 0.35 mm and an outer insulation layer of FEP insulation with a thickness of 2.2 mm. Example 3
A medium-/high-voltage cable was produced by separate extrusions.
Inner layer extruder: Mapre 38 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: KP engineering for fluoropolymers
Resin: SC PFA Colorant S185.2 MFR 20
Die diameter 22 mm
Tip outer diameter 18 mm
Draw down ratio 13
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 325
Center rear 335
Center front 345
Front 355
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 360
Crosshead 370
Die 370
Screw speed: 35 rpm
Wire speed: 15 m/min
Outer layer extruder: Samafor 45 mm 20/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: Erocarb E25JF11 single layer for fluoropolymers
Screw designs: FEP design with a compression ratio of 2.5:1
Resin: Daikin Neoflon FEP NP-30 MFR 2.91
Die diameter 34 mm
Tip outer diameter 18 mm
Draw down ratio 9
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 330
Center rear 340
Center front 350
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 365
Crosshead 375
Die 380
Screw speed: 40 rpm
Wire speed: 3 m/min
Wire: 35 mm2 cross-sectional (37 χ 1.1 mm) TPC diameter 7.7 mm
A mediun high-voltage cable with a dual coated wire insulation was produced. The dual insulation consisted of an inner conductor screen of SC PFA insulation with a thickness of 0.35 mm and an outer insulation layer of FEP insulation with a thickness of 2.2 mm.
Example 4
A medium-/high-voltage cable was produced by co-extrusion three layers.
Main extruder: Maillefer 30 mm 24/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: Erocarb E25 HF21
Auxiliary extruder: Norolex 25 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Screw designs: FEP design with a compression ratio of 2.5:1
Auxiliary extruder: 2 Norolex 20 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Screw designs: FEP design with a compression ratio of 2.5:1
Die diameter: 18 mm
Tip outer diameter: 6.5 mm
Draw down ratio 10 Main extruder
Resin: Daikin Neoflon FEP NP-30 MFR 2.91
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 330
Center rear 340
Center front
Front
Adapter flange
Adapter
Screw speed:
Wire speed:
Auxiliary extruder
Resin: SC PFA Colorant S185.2 MFR 20
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 320
Center rear 330
Center front 340
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 360
Crosshead 375
Die 375
Screw speed: 12 rpm
Auxiliary extruder 2
Resin: SC PFA Colorant S185.2 MFR 20
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 320
Center rear 330
Center front 340
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 360
Crosshead 375
Die 375
Screw speed: 22 rpm
Wire: 4 mm2 cross-sectional (56 χ 0.30 mm) TPC diameter 2.50 mm
A medium-/high-voltage cable with a coated wire insulation was produced. The insulation consisted of an inner conductor screen of SC PFA insulation with a thickness of 0.2 mm, an outer insulation layers of FEP insulation with a thickness of 1.5 mm and an outer conductor screen of SC PFA of 0.1 mm.
Example 5
A medium-/high-voltage cable was produced by separate extrusions.
Inner layer extruder: Mapre 38 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: KP engineering for fluoropolymers
Resin: SC PFA Colorant S185.2 MFR 20
Die diameter 22 mm
Tip outer diameter 18 mm
Draw down ratio 13
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 325
Center rear 335
Center front 345
Front 355
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 360
Crosshead 370
Die 370
Screw speed: 35 rpm
Wire speed: 15 m/min
Outer layer extruder: Samafor 45 mm 20/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: Erocarb E25JF11 single layer for fluoropolymers
Screw designs: FEP design with a compression ratio of 2.5:1
Resin: Daikin Neoflon FEP NP-30 MFR 2.91
Die diameter 34 mm
Tip outer diameter 18 mm
Draw down ratio 9
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 330
Center rear 340
Center front 350
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 365
Crosshead 375
Die 380
Screw speed: 40 rpm
Wire speed: 3 m/min
Third layer extruder: apre 38 mm 25/1 L/D ratio
Crosshead: Erocarb E25JF11 single layer for fluoropolymers
Screw designs: FEP design with a compression ratio of 2.5:1
Resin: SC PFA Colorant S185.2 MFR 20
Die diameter 22 mm
Tip outer diameter 18 mm
Draw down ratio 10
Settings (temperatures) °C
Rear 330
Center rear 340
Center front 350
Front 350
Adapter flange 360
Adapter 365
Crosshead 375
Die 380
Screw speed: 35 rpm
Wire speed: 12 m/min
Wire: 35 mm2 cross-sectional (37 x 1.1 mm) TPC diameter 7.7 mm
A medium-/high-voltage cable with a coated wire insulation was produced. The insulation consisted of an inner conductor screen of SC PFA insulation with a thickness of 0.35 mm, an outer insulation layers of FEP insulation with a thickness of 2.2 mm and an outer conductor screen of SC PFA of 0.35 mm. The embodiments described above are to be understood as a few illustrative examples of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations and changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, different part solutions in the different embodiments can be combined in other configurations, where technically possible. The scope of the present invention is, however, defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) comprising:
an electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62);
an inner conductor screen (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63) of electrically semi-conductive perfluoroalkoxy, PFA; and
an outer insulation layer (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64) of electrically non-conductive fluorinated ethylene propylene, FEP.
2. The mediun high-voltage cable according to claim 1 , wherein said electrically semi-conductive PFA is electrically semi-conductive carbon-filled PFA.
3. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to claim 2, wherein said electrically semi-conductive carbon-filled PFA comprises carbon in a range of 0.5 to 60 weight%.
4. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to claim 3, wherein said electrically semi-conductive carbon-filled PFA comprises carbon in a range of 1 to 30 weight%.
5. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to claim 4, wherein said electrically semi-conductive carbon-filled PFA comprises carbon in a range of 16 to 18 weight%.
6. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1 to 5, further comprising an outer conductor screen (25, 35, 45, 55) of an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
7. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to claim 6, wherein said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material is an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic carbon-filled fluorocarbon material.
8. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said electrically semi- conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material is selected from a group consisting of electrically semi- conductive ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ETFE, electrically semi-conductive FEP and electrically semi- conductive PFA.
9. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1 to 7, further comprising an outer conductor (46, 56) in the form of one of a metallic braid, helicoidally applied wires, a wrapped foil, a laminated foil or a longitudinal foil.
5 10. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1 to 9, wherein said electrically semi-conductive PFA and said electrically non-conductive FEP are co-extruded through a common extrusion die onto said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62).
1 1. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1 to 9, wherein said electrically 10 semi-conductive PFA and said electrically non-conductive FEP are tandem extruded in the form of extrusion of said electrically semi-conductive PFA through a first extrusion die onto said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) followed by extrusion of said electrically non-conductive FEP through a second extrusion die onto said inner conductor screen (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63).
15 12. A method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) according to any of the claims 1 to 10 comprising co-extruding (S1) electrically semi-conductive perfluoroalkoxy, PFA, and electrically non-conductive fluorinated ethylene propylene, FEP, through a common extrusion die onto an electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) to form said medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) comprising said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62), an inner conductor
20 screen (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63) of said electrically semi-conductive PFA and an outer insulation layer (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64) of said electrically non-conductive FEP.
13. A method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) according to any of the claims 1-9, 11 comprising tandem extruding (S10) electrically semi-conductive perfluoroalkoxy,
25 PFA, and electrically non-conductive fluorinated ethylene propylene, FEP, by extruding said electrically semi-conductive PFA through a first extrusion die onto an electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) followed by extruding said electrically non-conductive FEP through a second extrusion die onto said electrically semi-conductive PFA to form said medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) comprising said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62), an inner conductor screen (3, 13,
30 23, 33, 43, 53, 63) of said electrically semi-conductive PFA and an outer insulation layer (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64) of said electrically non-conductive FEP.
14. A medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10) comprising:
an electrical conductor (2, 12); and
a dual insulation consisting of:
an inner conductor screen (3, 13) of an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material; and
an outer insulation layer (4, 14) of an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic 5 fluorocarbon material.
15. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to claim 14, wherein said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material is selected from a group consisting of electrically semi-conductive ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ETFE, electrically semi-conductive fluorinated ethylene propylene, FEP,
10 and electrically semi-conductive perfluoroalkoxy, PFA.
16. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to claim 15, wherein said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material is electrically semi-conductive PFA.
15 17. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 14 to 16, wherein said electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material is selected from a group consisting of electrically non-conductive ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ETFE, electrically non-conductive fluorinated ethylene propylene, FEP, and electrically non-conductive perfluoroalkoxy, PFA.
20 18. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to claim 17, wherein said electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material is electrically non-conductive FEP.
19. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to any of the claims 14 to 18, wherein said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material is an electrically semi-conductive
25 thermoplastic carbon-filled fluorocarbon material.
20. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to claim 19, wherein said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic carbon-filled fluorocarbon material comprises carbon in a range of 0.5 to 60 weight%.
30 21. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to claim 20, wherein said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic carbon-filled fluorocarbon material comprises carbon in a range of 1 to 30 weight%.
22. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to claim 21 , wherein said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic carbon-filled fluorocarbon material comprises carbon in a range of 16 to 18 weight%.
23. The mediurr high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 14 to 22, wherein said dual insulation is made by co-extrusion of said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and said electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a common
5 extrusion die onto said electrical conductor (2, 12).
24. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to any of the claims 14 to 22, wherein said dual insulation is made by tandem extrusion in the form of extrusion of said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a first extrusion die onto said electrical conductor (2, 12)
10 followed by extrusion of said electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a second extrusion die onto said inner conductor screen (3, 13).
25. A method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) according to any of the claims 14 to 23 comprising co-extruding (S1) an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic
15 fluorocarbon material and an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a common extrusion die onto an electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) to form said medium- /high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) comprising said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) and a dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63) of said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer (4, 14,
20 24, 34, 44, 54, 64) of said electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
26. A method of producing a medium-/high-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) according to any of the claims 14-22, 24 comprising tandem extruding (S10) an electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon
25 material by extruding said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a first extrusion die onto an electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) followed by extruding said electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material through a second extrusion die onto said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material to form said mediunWhigh-voltage cable (1 , 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) comprising said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) and a
30 dual insulation consisting of an inner conductor screen (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63) of said electrically semi-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material and an outer insulation layer (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64) of said electrically non-conductive thermoplastic fluorocarbon material.
27. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1-11 , 14-24, wherein said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) is made of an electrically conductive metal selected from a group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, silver alloy, a gold alloy, a platinum alloy, a nickel alloy or steel, preferably selected from a group consisting of bare copper, plated copper, bare aluminum, plated aluminum, bare nickel, plated nickel, bare steel, plated steel, bare silver, plated silver, bare gold, plated gold, bare platinum and plated platinum, preferably a plating material is tin, silver or nickel.
28. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1-11 , 14-24, 27, wherein said electrical conductor (2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62) is a solid electrical conductor (2, 22, 42) or a stranded electrical conductor (12, 32, 52, 62) having a cross-sectional area in a range of 1 to 1600 mm2.
29. The medium-/high-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1-11 , 14-24, 27-28, wherein said inner conductor screen (3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63) has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 1.6 mm.
30. The mediunWhigh-voltage cable according to any of the claims 1-11 , 14-24, 27-29, wherein said outer insulation layer (4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64) has a thickness in a range of 0.7 to 8.0 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE1350858 | 2013-07-09 | ||
| SE1350858-5 | 2013-07-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015005857A1 true WO2015005857A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
Family
ID=52280380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2014/050868 WO2015005857A1 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2014-07-07 | Medium/high-voltage cable comprising fluoropolymer layers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2015005857A1 (en) |
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| WO2020190149A1 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | Blue Sea Norway As | Power cable, method for production and use thereof |
| CN112992434A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-06-18 | 中航富士达科技股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of radio-frequency coaxial cable with high-frequency bending-resistant stranded inner conductor |
| CN113921187A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-11 | 华中科技大学 | Direct current transmission cable pipeline tied in a bundle |
| US20220406491A1 (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-12-22 | Nexans | Electrical cable that limits partial discharges |
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