WO2014193216A1 - System and method for determining spectrum availability in a network - Google Patents
System and method for determining spectrum availability in a network Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014193216A1 WO2014193216A1 PCT/MY2014/000058 MY2014000058W WO2014193216A1 WO 2014193216 A1 WO2014193216 A1 WO 2014193216A1 MY 2014000058 W MY2014000058 W MY 2014000058W WO 2014193216 A1 WO2014193216 A1 WO 2014193216A1
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- sensing
- base station
- spectrum availability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a system and method for determining spectrum availability in a network, more particularly the present invention relates to a system and method for determining spectrum availability in a wireless network via grid contour sensing.
- Cognitive radio system are typically employed for the utilization of spectrums that are unused by the licensed users in a wireless network.
- a cognitive radio user will be allowed to use the licensed spectrum in the event that the licensed users are absent in the spectrum of a wireless network at a particular time and place.
- the radio frequency spectrum has become congested with users.
- the cognitive radio users would alter the transmission or reception parameters to use the unoccupied spectrum upon detecting the spectrum available in a network. Measures have been taken to avoid the action of using unused spectrum by the cognitive radio users from interfering with the licensed users and also to have a much reliable results while detecting spectrum availability.
- Cooperative spectrum sensing has been adopted to increase the performance of spectrum availability detection.
- the sensing results of the spectrum availability for the use of the unlicensed users are often subject to fading and shadowing effects. Fading and shadowing in this context refers to the attenuation of sensing results signal from the transmitter to the receiver, whereby the cooperative spectrum sensing also solves the hidden terminal problem.
- Fading and shadowing in this context refers to the attenuation of sensing results signal from the transmitter to the receiver, whereby the cooperative spectrum sensing also solves the hidden terminal problem.
- there is an ongoing problem in the cognitive radio system whereby several thousands of cognitive radio users are within closed range in a typical dense urban environment. Accordingly, improved systems and methods are sought to increase the performance of spectrum sensing.
- the prior art document US 2008/0261639 pertains to a method for performing cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio system by determining a cluster head for each cluster of cognitive users.
- the absence of primary user is determined by the cluster head which collects energies of a reporting channel measured by the cognitive users within the cluster.
- the method includes aggregating the cluster-level decisions made by the cluster heads using a common receiver and a decision is made across multiple, or all of, the clusters whether the primary user is absent using a fusion function of the cluster-level decision.
- the secondary users may utilize the spectrum if the primary user is absent.
- the prior art did not mention about selecting a cognitive radio user on specific contour randomly to request for spectrum sensing results and classifying cognitive radio user according to grid contour and relative distance.
- the prior art document US 8,135,424 (B2) pertains to a method for improving diversity gain in a cooperative spectrum sensing network having a base station and a plurality of cognitive radios.
- An achievable spatial diversity gain is estimated for a group of subscribers selected using a cooperative sensing metric.
- the achievable spatial diversity gain is then determined if it meets a predetermined spatial diversity gain requirement. If the condition is met, the validated group can begin spectrum sensing to identify a suitable channel for operation.
- cognitive user being selected randomly within grid contour for providing sensing results.
- the prior art document US 2012/0309444 (Al) pertains to performing cooperative spectrum sensing for locationing primary transmitters in a cognitive radio system using the location information and a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value generated by the secondary users in response to sensing power signals from the primary transmitters.
- the information from the secondary users are then transmitted to a data fusion center by a cognitive radio base station for determining the number and locations of the primary transmitters using a learning algorithm.
- RSSI received signal strength indicator
- the prior arts did not address the solution for reliable sensing results to be obtained in a short time interval for increasing the probability of detection of licensed user while reducing spectrum opportunity loss of unlicensed user due to prolonged sensing time in a wireless network. Summary of the invention
- the present invention discloses a system for determining spectrum availability in a network, a method for determining spectrum availability in a network, a method for classifying a plurality of sensing devices and a method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a system for determining spectrum availability in a network comprising a base station, a plurality of sensing devices and a database communicating with each other for performing grid contour cooperative sensing.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for determining spectrum availability in a network comprising the steps of classifying grid contour, classifying a plurality of sensing devices, the plurality of sensing devices performing local spectrum sensing, determining spectrum availability within each grid contour, determining common spectrum availability and communicating the decision on common spectrum availability to the plurality of sensing devices.
- the present invention aims to increase the probability of spectrum availability detection and reduce spectrum opportunity lost via grid contour cooperative sensing. Instead of receiving sensing results from all of the sensing devices in the network, the base station divides the sensing devices according to grid contour and receives sensing result from an optimum number of sensing devices in each grid contour.
- Figure 1 illustrates an overview of the system for determining spectrum availability in accordance to the present invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates a process flow for the method for determining spectrum availability in a network in accordance to the present invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates a process flow for the method for classifying a plurality of sensing devices in accordance to the present invention.
- Figure 4 illustrates a process flow for the method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour in accordance to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a system for determining spectrum availability in a network comprising a base station (101); a plurality of sensing devices (102) for performing local spectrum sensing and communicates with the base station (101) for transmitting and receiving information; a database (103) for storing and updating information received from the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices
- the base station (101) thereby determines spectrum availability in the network upon receiving the information from the plurality of sensing devices (102); characterized in that the base station (101) performs grid contour classification in the network and classifies the plurality of sensing devices (102) according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices (102), determines spectrum availability in each classified grid contour, and determines common spectrum availability.
- the figure shows an overview of the system for determining spectrum availability in accordance to the present invention.
- the system for determining spectrum availability in a network of the present invention comprises a base station (101).
- the base station (101) of the present invention communicates with a plurality of sensing devices (102). Further, the base station (101) has a database
- the base station (101) is located in the center of a coverage area of network and determines spectrum availability in the network upon receiving sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102).
- the base station (101) further performs grid contour classification in the network and classifies a plurality of sensing devices (102) according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing devices (102), determines spectrum availability in each classified grid contour, and determines common spectrum availability.
- grid contour of the network is formed by equal or non-equal separation of the network coverage.
- the system for determining spectrum availability in a network of the present invention comprises a plurality of sensing devices (102).
- the plurality of sensing devices (102) primarily communicates with the base station (101) for transmitting and receiving information. Further, the plurality of sensing devices (102) reports specific location to the base station (101), performs cooperative spectrum sensing, forwards the sensing results, receives spectrum availability information from the base station (101).
- the plurality of sensing devices (102) is classified according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102).
- the sensing device (102) in the network is a cognitive radio device.
- the sensing result forwarded by the plurality of sensing devices (102) to the base station (101) is the spectrum availability in the particular grid contour.
- Cognitive radio in the present invention implements an agile radio system, which is designed to intelligently detect available spectrum in a network which is not in use dynamically and changes the transmission or reception parameters such as protocol and operating frequency to temporarily fill in spectrum holes and use the available spectrum without interfering with the licensed user.
- the database (103) in the present invention is capable of storing and updating information received from the base station (101) and the sensing device (102).
- the information received from the base station (101) and the sensing device (102) or information being stored and updated in the database (103) includes, but not limited to, the location information of the sensing device (102), spectrum availability in each grid contour and common spectrum availability.
- the database (103) further stores information about the grid contour to which the plurality of sensing devices (102) belongs.
- the figure 2 shows a flow chart illustrating the method for determining spectrum availability in a network as illustrated in figure 1 by performing cooperative sensing.
- the method is executed by the system as claimed in the present invention comprising a base station (101), a plurality of sensing devices (102) for performing local spectrum sensing and communicates with the base station (101) for transmitting and receiving information, a database (103) for storing and updating information received from the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices (102), the base station (101) thereby determines spectrum availability in the network upon receiving the information from the plurality of sensing devices (102).
- the method is initiated by the base station (101) classifying the network coverage area into grid contours. In a preferred embodiment, the grid contours are classified based on network coverage.
- the grid contour of the network is formed by equal or non-equal separation of the network coverage.
- the method proceeds to classify a plurality of sensing devices (102) within the network coverage area. Each of the plurality of sensing devices (102) is classified according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102). Subsequently, the plurality of sensing devices (102) will perform local spectrum sensing to detect the available spectrum in the particular grid contour they belong.
- the method for conducting spectrum sensing comprising a method such as, but not limited to matched filter detection, energy detection and cyclostationary process.
- the matched filter method involves detecting the presence of a primary user by projecting a known signal onto an unknown signal so as to detect the presence of particular wavelet in the unknown signal, thereafter the presence of primary user.
- the energy detection method detects the spectrum availability by detecting the energy of the radio transmission emitted by primary user in the vicinity to determine the presence of primary user.
- the presence of primary user is determined by performing cyclic correlation significance test on received signals by exploiting knowledge of its cyclic frequencies.
- the database (103) determines the spectrum availability within each grid contour upon analysing the sensing result from the plurality of sensing devices (102).
- the sensing result and decision on spectrum availability within each grid contour will be stored and updated in the database (103).
- the base station (101) further determines common spectrum availability in the network after analysing the spectrum availability in each grid contour.
- the sensing result and decision on common spectrum availability will be stored and updated in the database (103). In any event that the common spectrum is unavailable, the steps of determining spectrum availability within each grid contour and determining common spectrum availability are repeated.
- the decision on the common spectrum availability is then communicated by the base station (101) to all of the sensing devices (102) in the network.
- the sensing device (102) will be able to use the available spectrum, if there is any, by altering the transmission or reception parameters without interfering with the licensed users.
- the figure 3 shows a flow chart illustrating an overview of the method for classifying each of the plurality of sensing devices (102) by analyzing the location information of the sensing device (102) in a network, where an overview of the network is illustrated in figure 1.
- the method is initiated by broadcasting network invitation by the base station (101) to the sensing device (102), until receipt of a response from the sensing device (102).
- the base station (101) Upon receiving a response from the sensing device (102), the base station (101) initializes a sensing device network entry process.
- the method then proceeds to the base station (101) notifying the sensing device (102) to request for location information of the sensing device (102). Subsequently, the sensing device (102) detects the current location, calculates and reporting on location of the sensing device (102) to the base station (101).
- the method of detecting the location of the sensing device (102) includes but not limited to initial ranging, global positioning system and assisted global positioning system.
- the base station (101) calculates the distance between the sensing device (102) and determining grid contour information of the sensing device (102) based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102).
- the location information, relative distance and classification of the sensing device (102) is then stored and updated in the database (103).
- the steps of base station (101) notifying the sensing device (102), sensing device (102) calculating and reporting on location of the sensing device (102), base station (101) calculating distance between the sensing device (102) and base station (101) and determining grid contour information of the sensing device (102) based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102), updating location, relative distance and classification of the sensing device (102) in the database (103) are repeated.
- the figure 4 shows a flow chart illustrating the method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour by the base station (101) upon receiving the sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102) in a network, where an overview of the network is illustrated in figure 1. The method is initiated by the base station (101) selecting a plurality of sensing devices (102) in the particular grid contour in which spectrum availability is to be determined.
- the method proceeds to involve the base station (101) requesting sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102).
- the plurality of sensing devices (102) is selected randomly in the particular grid contour to report on sensing results.
- the base station (101) instructs non-selected sensing device (102) not to send the sensing report.
- the base station (101) calculates the optimum number of sensing device (102) in the particular grid contour to provide sensing results to the base station (101).
- a cooperative sensing index (CSI) metric is estimated based on accumulated sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102) to determine the optimum number of the plurality of sensing devices (102) to provide sensing results to the base station (101).
- the cooperative sensing index (CSI) metric is used to measure the randomness of spectrum sensing measurement, hence correlated nodes decreasing the cooperative sensing gain and accuracy might be avoided.
- the cooperative sensing index (CSI) metric is calculated based on Shannon Entropy function of estimated probability on individual sensing measurement, p, using the equation below:
- the steps of selecting a plurality of sensing devices (102) in a grid contour by the base station (101), requesting sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102) by the base station (101), calculating the optimum number of sensing device (102) by the base station (101) are repeated.
- the base station (101) proceeds to decide on common spectrum availability in the grid contours.
- spectrum availability in each grid contour are determined sequentially from grid contour closest to the base station (101) to grid contour farthest from the base station (101).
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a system and method for determining spectrum availability in a wireless network. The system for determining spectrum availability in a network according to the present invention comprises a base station (101), a plurality of sensing devices (102) and a database (103) communicating with each other. The method for determining spectrum availability in a network according to the present invention comprises the steps of classifying grid contour, a plurality of sensing devices (102) performing local spectrum sensing, determining spectrum availability in each grid contour, determining common spectrum availability and communicating the decision on common spectrum availability to the sensing device (102).
Description
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY
IN A NETWORK
Field of the invention
The present invention generally relates to a system and method for determining spectrum availability in a network, more particularly the present invention relates to a system and method for determining spectrum availability in a wireless network via grid contour sensing.
Background of the invention
Cognitive radio system are typically employed for the utilization of spectrums that are unused by the licensed users in a wireless network. A cognitive radio user will be allowed to use the licensed spectrum in the event that the licensed users are absent in the spectrum of a wireless network at a particular time and place. By virtue of the overwhelming use of wireless products, the radio frequency spectrum has become congested with users. However, it is noted that at a particular time and place, there is a large amount of unused spectrum that could be useful for the cognitive radio users. The cognitive radio users would alter the transmission or reception parameters to use the unoccupied spectrum upon detecting the spectrum available in a network. Measures have been taken to avoid the action of using unused spectrum by the cognitive radio users from interfering with the licensed users and also to have a much reliable results while detecting spectrum availability.
Cooperative spectrum sensing has been adopted to increase the performance of spectrum availability detection. The sensing results of the spectrum availability for the use of the unlicensed users are often subject to fading and shadowing effects. Fading and shadowing in this context refers to the attenuation of sensing results signal from the transmitter to the receiver, whereby the cooperative spectrum sensing also solves the hidden terminal problem. In addition to that, there is an ongoing problem in the cognitive radio system whereby several thousands of cognitive radio users are within closed range in a typical dense urban environment. Accordingly, improved systems and methods are sought to increase the performance of spectrum sensing.
The prior art document US 2008/0261639 (Al) pertains to a method for performing cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio system by determining a cluster head for each cluster of cognitive users. The absence of primary user is determined by
the cluster head which collects energies of a reporting channel measured by the cognitive users within the cluster. The method includes aggregating the cluster-level decisions made by the cluster heads using a common receiver and a decision is made across multiple, or all of, the clusters whether the primary user is absent using a fusion function of the cluster-level decision. The secondary users may utilize the spectrum if the primary user is absent. However, the prior art did not mention about selecting a cognitive radio user on specific contour randomly to request for spectrum sensing results and classifying cognitive radio user according to grid contour and relative distance.
The prior art document US 8,135,424 (B2) pertains to a method for improving diversity gain in a cooperative spectrum sensing network having a base station and a plurality of cognitive radios. An achievable spatial diversity gain is estimated for a group of subscribers selected using a cooperative sensing metric. The achievable spatial diversity gain is then determined if it meets a predetermined spatial diversity gain requirement. If the condition is met, the validated group can begin spectrum sensing to identify a suitable channel for operation. There is no mention of cognitive user being selected randomly within grid contour for providing sensing results. The prior art document US 2012/0309444 (Al) pertains to performing cooperative spectrum sensing for locationing primary transmitters in a cognitive radio system using the location information and a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value generated by the secondary users in response to sensing power signals from the primary transmitters. The information from the secondary users are then transmitted to a data fusion center by a cognitive radio base station for determining the number and locations of the primary transmitters using a learning algorithm. However, there is no mention of grid contour forming and selecting cognitive radio user randomly to provide sensing results. The prior arts however did not address the solution for reliable sensing results to be obtained in a short time interval for increasing the probability of detection of licensed user while reducing spectrum opportunity loss of unlicensed user due to prolonged sensing time in a wireless network. Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a system for determining spectrum availability in a network, a method for determining spectrum availability in a network, a method for
classifying a plurality of sensing devices and a method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a system for determining spectrum availability in a network comprising a base station, a plurality of sensing devices and a database communicating with each other for performing grid contour cooperative sensing.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for determining spectrum availability in a network comprising the steps of classifying grid contour, classifying a plurality of sensing devices, the plurality of sensing devices performing local spectrum sensing, determining spectrum availability within each grid contour, determining common spectrum availability and communicating the decision on common spectrum availability to the plurality of sensing devices.
It is further an object of the present invention to provide a method for classifying a plurality of sensing devices wherein the plurality of sensing devices are classified according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station and the plurality of sensing devices.
It is another objective of the present invention to provide a method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour wherein the base station receives sensing results from a plurality of randomly selected sensing devices and determining the spectrum availability from the information received.
Ultimately, the present invention aims to increase the probability of spectrum availability detection and reduce spectrum opportunity lost via grid contour cooperative sensing. Instead of receiving sensing results from all of the sensing devices in the network, the base station divides the sensing devices according to grid contour and receives sensing result from an optimum number of sensing devices in each grid contour.
Brief description of drawings Figure 1 illustrates an overview of the system for determining spectrum availability in accordance to the present invention.
Figure 2 illustrates a process flow for the method for determining spectrum availability in a network in accordance to the present invention.
Figure 3 illustrates a process flow for the method for classifying a plurality of sensing devices in accordance to the present invention.
Figure 4 illustrates a process flow for the method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour in accordance to the present invention. Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
Described below are preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The configuration of the invention is not limited to the configuration mentioned in the following description.
The present invention relates to a system for determining spectrum availability in a network comprising a base station (101); a plurality of sensing devices (102) for performing local spectrum sensing and communicates with the base station (101) for transmitting and receiving information; a database (103) for storing and updating information received from the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices
(102) ; the base station (101) thereby determines spectrum availability in the network upon receiving the information from the plurality of sensing devices (102); characterized in that the base station (101) performs grid contour classification in the network and classifies the plurality of sensing devices (102) according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices (102), determines spectrum availability in each classified grid contour, and determines common spectrum availability.
With reference to figure 1, the figure shows an overview of the system for determining spectrum availability in accordance to the present invention. The system for determining spectrum availability in a network of the present invention comprises a base station (101). The base station (101) of the present invention communicates with a plurality of sensing devices (102). Further, the base station (101) has a database
(103) . The base station (101) is located in the center of a coverage area of network and determines spectrum availability in the network upon receiving sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102). In the present invention, the base station (101) further performs grid contour classification in the network and classifies a plurality of sensing devices (102) according to the grid contour classification based on
the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing devices (102), determines spectrum availability in each classified grid contour, and determines common spectrum availability. In a preferred embodiment, grid contour of the network is formed by equal or non-equal separation of the network coverage.
The system for determining spectrum availability in a network of the present invention comprises a plurality of sensing devices (102). The plurality of sensing devices (102) primarily communicates with the base station (101) for transmitting and receiving information. Further, the plurality of sensing devices (102) reports specific location to the base station (101), performs cooperative spectrum sensing, forwards the sensing results, receives spectrum availability information from the base station (101). In addition, the plurality of sensing devices (102) is classified according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102). In a preferred embodiment, the sensing device (102) in the network is a cognitive radio device. In addition, the sensing result forwarded by the plurality of sensing devices (102) to the base station (101) is the spectrum availability in the particular grid contour.
Cognitive radio in the present invention implements an agile radio system, which is designed to intelligently detect available spectrum in a network which is not in use dynamically and changes the transmission or reception parameters such as protocol and operating frequency to temporarily fill in spectrum holes and use the available spectrum without interfering with the licensed user. The database (103) in the present invention is capable of storing and updating information received from the base station (101) and the sensing device (102). The information received from the base station (101) and the sensing device (102) or information being stored and updated in the database (103) includes, but not limited to, the location information of the sensing device (102), spectrum availability in each grid contour and common spectrum availability. In a preferred embodiment, the database (103) further stores information about the grid contour to which the plurality of sensing devices (102) belongs.
With reference to figure 1 and figure 2, the figure 2 shows a flow chart illustrating the method for determining spectrum availability in a network as illustrated in figure 1 by performing cooperative sensing. The method is executed by the system as claimed in the present invention comprising a base station (101), a plurality of sensing devices (102) for performing local spectrum sensing and communicates with the base station
(101) for transmitting and receiving information, a database (103) for storing and updating information received from the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices (102), the base station (101) thereby determines spectrum availability in the network upon receiving the information from the plurality of sensing devices (102). The method is initiated by the base station (101) classifying the network coverage area into grid contours. In a preferred embodiment, the grid contours are classified based on network coverage. The grid contour of the network is formed by equal or non-equal separation of the network coverage. The method proceeds to classify a plurality of sensing devices (102) within the network coverage area. Each of the plurality of sensing devices (102) is classified according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102). Subsequently, the plurality of sensing devices (102) will perform local spectrum sensing to detect the available spectrum in the particular grid contour they belong. The method for conducting spectrum sensing comprising a method such as, but not limited to matched filter detection, energy detection and cyclostationary process. The matched filter method involves detecting the presence of a primary user by projecting a known signal onto an unknown signal so as to detect the presence of particular wavelet in the unknown signal, thereafter the presence of primary user. The energy detection method detects the spectrum availability by detecting the energy of the radio transmission emitted by primary user in the vicinity to determine the presence of primary user. In the cyclostationary process, the presence of primary user is determined by performing cyclic correlation significance test on received signals by exploiting knowledge of its cyclic frequencies.
The database (103) then determines the spectrum availability within each grid contour upon analysing the sensing result from the plurality of sensing devices (102). The sensing result and decision on spectrum availability within each grid contour will be stored and updated in the database (103).
The base station (101) further determines common spectrum availability in the network after analysing the spectrum availability in each grid contour. The sensing result and decision on common spectrum availability will be stored and updated in the database (103). In any event that the common spectrum is unavailable, the steps of determining spectrum availability within each grid contour and determining common spectrum availability are repeated.
The decision on the common spectrum availability is then communicated by the base station (101) to all of the sensing devices (102) in the network. The sensing device (102) will be able to use the available spectrum, if there is any, by altering the transmission or reception parameters without interfering with the licensed users.
With reference to figure 1 and figure 3, the figure 3 shows a flow chart illustrating an overview of the method for classifying each of the plurality of sensing devices (102) by analyzing the location information of the sensing device (102) in a network, where an overview of the network is illustrated in figure 1. The method is initiated by broadcasting network invitation by the base station (101) to the sensing device (102), until receipt of a response from the sensing device (102). Upon receiving a response from the sensing device (102), the base station (101) initializes a sensing device network entry process.
The method then proceeds to the base station (101) notifying the sensing device (102) to request for location information of the sensing device (102). Subsequently, the sensing device (102) detects the current location, calculates and reporting on location of the sensing device (102) to the base station (101). The method of detecting the location of the sensing device (102) includes but not limited to initial ranging, global positioning system and assisted global positioning system.
Subsequently, upon receiving the location information of the sensing device (102), the base station (101) calculates the distance between the sensing device (102) and determining grid contour information of the sensing device (102) based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102). The location information, relative distance and classification of the sensing device (102) is then stored and updated in the database (103). In any event if the sensing device (102) exits current grid contour, the steps of base station (101) notifying the sensing device (102), sensing device (102) calculating and reporting on location of the sensing device (102), base station (101) calculating distance between the sensing device (102) and base station (101) and determining grid contour information of the sensing device (102) based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102), updating location, relative distance and classification of the sensing device (102) in the database (103) are repeated.
With reference to figure 1 and figure 4, the figure 4 shows a flow chart illustrating the method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour by the base station (101) upon receiving the sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102) in a network, where an overview of the network is illustrated in figure 1. The method is initiated by the base station (101) selecting a plurality of sensing devices (102) in the particular grid contour in which spectrum availability is to be determined.
The method proceeds to involve the base station (101) requesting sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102). In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of sensing devices (102) is selected randomly in the particular grid contour to report on sensing results. In addition, the base station (101) instructs non-selected sensing device (102) not to send the sensing report.
Subsequently, the base station (101) calculates the optimum number of sensing device (102) in the particular grid contour to provide sensing results to the base station (101). In a preferred embodiment, a cooperative sensing index (CSI) metric is estimated based on accumulated sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102) to determine the optimum number of the plurality of sensing devices (102) to provide sensing results to the base station (101). The cooperative sensing index (CSI) metric is used to measure the randomness of spectrum sensing measurement, hence correlated nodes decreasing the cooperative sensing gain and accuracy might be avoided. The cooperative sensing index (CSI) metric is calculated based on Shannon Entropy function of estimated probability on individual sensing measurement, p, using the equation below:
In any event if the number of sensing device (102) not reaching optimum number of sensing device (102), the steps of selecting a plurality of sensing devices (102) in a grid contour by the base station (101), requesting sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102) by the base station (101), calculating the optimum number of sensing device (102) by the base station (101) are repeated.
Once the sensing result is obtained from the optimum number of sensing device (102), the base station (101) proceeds to decide on common spectrum availability in the grid contours. In a preferred embodiment, spectrum availability in each grid contour are determined sequentially from grid contour closest to the base station (101) to grid contour farthest from the base station (101).
In as much as the present invention is subject to many variations, modifications and changes in detail, it is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
1. A system for determining spectrum availability in a network comprising:
a base station (101);
a plurality of sensing devices (102) for performing local spectrum sensing and communicates with the base station (101) for transmitting and receiving information;
a database (103) for storing and updating information received from the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices (102);
the base station (101) thereby determines spectrum availability in the network upon receiving the information from the plurality of sensing devices (102);
characterized in that the base station (101) performs grid contour classification in the network and classifies the plurality of sensing devices (102) according to the grid contour classification based on the distance between the base station (101) and the plurality of sensing devices (102), determines spectrum availability in each classified grid contour, and determines common spectrum availability.
2. A system for determining spectrum availability in a network according to claim 1, wherein the classified grid contour of the network is formed by equal or non- equal separation of the network coverage.
3. A system for determining spectrum availability in a network according to claim 1, wherein the sensing device (102) is a cognitive radio device.
4. A system for determining spectrum availability in a network according to claim 1, wherein the database (103) further stores information about the grid contour to which the plurality of sensing devices (102) belong.
5. A method for determining spectrum availability in a network, comprising the steps of:
classifying grid contour based on network coverage;
classifying a plurality of sensing devices (102);
performing local spectrum sensing;
determining spectrum availability within each grid contour; determining common spectrum availability;
wherein the steps of determining spectrum availability within each grid contour and determining common spectrum availability will continue if the common spectrum is unavailable;
communicating the decision on common spectrum availability to the plurality of sensing devices (102).
6. A method for determining spectrum availability in a network according to claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of sensing devices (102) is classified by the steps of:
broadcasting network invitation by the base station (101), until receipt of a response from the sensing device (102);
initializing sensing device network entry process;
notifying by the base station (101), the sensing device (102) for reporting location of the sensing device (102);
calculating and reporting by the sensing device (102), the location of the sensing device (102);
calculating and determining by the base station (101), distance between the sensing device (102) and base station (101) and grid contour information of the sensing device (102) based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102);
updating location, relative distance and classification of the sensing device (102) in the database (103);
repeating steps in any event the sensing device (102) exits current grid contour, wherein the steps comprising of notifying by the base station (101), at least a sensing device (102) for reporting location of the sensing device (102), calculating and reporting by the sensing device (102), the location of the sensing device (102), calculating and determining by the base station (101), distance between the sensing device (102) and base station (101) and grid contour information of the sensing device (102) based on the distance between the base station (101) and the sensing device (102), updating location, relative distance and classification of the sensing device (102) in the database (103).
7. A method for determining spectrum availability in a network according to claim 5, wherein the spectrum availability within each grid contour is determined by the steps of:
selecting a plurality of sensing devices (102) in a grid contour; requesting by the base station (101), sensing results from the plurality of sensing devices (102);
calculating by the base station (101), the optimum number of sensing device (102) based on the received sensing results;
repeating steps in any event the number of the plurality of sensing devices (102) has not reached optimum number, wherein the steps comprising of selecting the plurality of sensing devices (102) in a grid contour, requesting by the base station (101), sensing results from the plurality of the sensing devices (102), calculating by the base station (101), the optimum number of the plurality of sensing devices (102) based on the received sensing results; determining by the base station (101), spectrum availability in the grid contour.
8. A method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of sensing devices (102) is selected randomly in grid contour to report on sensing results.
9. A method for determining spectrum availability within each grid contour according to claim 7, wherein a cooperative sensing index metric is estimated based on accumulated sensing results to determine the optimum number of the plurality of sensing devices (102) to provide sensing results to the base station (101).
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| MYPI2013700911A MY181062A (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2013-05-31 | System and method for determining spectrum availability in a network |
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