WO2014191806A2 - Effervescent formulations that deliver particles which float in the stomach - Google Patents

Effervescent formulations that deliver particles which float in the stomach Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014191806A2
WO2014191806A2 PCT/IB2014/000825 IB2014000825W WO2014191806A2 WO 2014191806 A2 WO2014191806 A2 WO 2014191806A2 IB 2014000825 W IB2014000825 W IB 2014000825W WO 2014191806 A2 WO2014191806 A2 WO 2014191806A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
api
release
composition
delayed
effervescent
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PCT/IB2014/000825
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French (fr)
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WO2014191806A3 (en
Inventor
Marshall A. Hayward
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Effrx Pharmaceuticals Sa
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Publication of WO2014191806A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014191806A2/en
Publication of WO2014191806A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014191806A3/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
    • A61K9/0007—Effervescent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/155—Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/64—Sulfonylureas, e.g. glibenclamide, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0065—Forms with gastric retention, e.g. floating on gastric juice, adhering to gastric mucosa, expanding to prevent passage through the pylorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5026—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates

Definitions

  • Sustained- or delayed-release pharmaceutical compositions are well known and generally employ specialized coatings based on pH or water solubility effects, placed on the active phannaeeutieal ingredient (API), ft is also known that drug release rates can be delayed or controlled by delivering an API to the stomach m a floating drug delivery system having a bulk density less than gastric fluid, which system remains buoyant in the stomach for an extended period of time and increases the gastric retention time (GRT).
  • GRT gastric retention time
  • Floating drug delivery systems include gas-generating and non-effervescent systems. Delayed-release coatings that depend on pH or water solubility effects are sometimes combined with floating systems.
  • Non-effervescent floating systems typically contain cellulose derivatives like starch and a higher fatty alcohol or fatly acid glyeerkle, bilayer compressed capsules, multilayered flexible sheet-like medicament devices, hollow microspheres of acrylic resins, polystyrene floatable shells, single and multiple unit devices with floatation chambers and microporous compartments and buoyant controlled release powder formulations, or hydrogels that expand to hundreds of times their dehydrated form when immersed in water. Oral drug delivery formulations made from these gels swell rapidly in the stomach, causing medications to move more slowly from the stomach to the intestines and be absorbed more efficiently by the body.
  • Gas-generating systems typically use effervescent components such as sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid.
  • effervescent components such as sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid.
  • the stoichiometric ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate optimal for gas generation is 0,76:1.
  • the common approach for preparing these systems involves resin beads loaded with bicarbonate and coated with ethyl cellulose.
  • the insoluble coating allows permeation of water causing carbon dioxide to release arid the beads to float in the stomach
  • Other appfoacb.es include the use of highly swellable hydrocolloids arid light mineral oils,- a mixture of sodium alginate and sodium bicarbonate, multiple unit floating pills that generate carbon dioxide when ingested, floating minicapsules with a core of sodium bicarbonate, lacotes and polyvinyl pytrolodone coats with hydroxypropyl methykeliulose, and floating systems based on ion exchange resin technology- Prior to the present invention, one would not expect to combine an effervescent floating system with a conventional effervescent tablet formulation for dissolving in water before ingestion by the patient.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a delayed-release pharmaceutical composition, comprising: an effervescent tablet, granule, or powder containing a first effervescing organic acid component and a first effervescing base component, wherein said tablet, granule, or powder is completely solubilized. in drinking water at 25 °C within 2 minutes without stirring; and an effective amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) coated with a delayed- release effervescent floating delivery system containing a second, effervescing base component, which system is buoyant in gastric fluid and thus increases gastric retention time (CRT) in a patient.
  • API active pharmaceutical ingredient
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a delayed- release pharmaceutical composition, comprising; preparing an effervescent tablet, granule, or powder containing a first effervescing organic acid component and a first effervescing base component, and adding an effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) coated with a delayed-release effervescent floating delivery system which, is buoyant in gastric fluid, thus increasing gastric retention rime (GRT) in a patient, wherein said tablet granule, or powder is completely solubilized in drinking water at 25 °C within 2 minutes without stirring.
  • API active pharmaceutical ingredient
  • Fig, 1 is a diagram showing a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process using a LabR AM acoustic mixer
  • an acid source selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid; an anhydride of said acids; an acid salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate and sodium acid sulfite and mixtures of the acids, anhydrides and acid salts.
  • s carbonate source is selected from the group consisting of: sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium glycine carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the delayed release pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may contain a single API (e.g., metformin HO), pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorph, stereoisomer, ester, prodrug and complex ⁇ thereof; or optionally may be combined with another API (e.g., metformin hydrochloride mixed with a compound selected from the group consisting of GLIPIZIDE, BLYBURIDE, PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE, REPAGLINIDE, ROSIGLITAZONE MALEATE, SAXAGLIPTIN and SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE),
  • the delayed- release effervescent floating delivery system pharmaceutical compositions ) of the invention contains the API, 2 - 10 % by weight, of a second effervescing base component (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate. sodium glycine carbonate, and nurtures thereof), and one or more coatings such as film coating,
  • coatings can be functional or non-functional.
  • a functional coating helps slow the release of the active ingredient at the required site of action, in one example, the coating prevents the API from contacting the mouth or esophagus thereby masking its taste. In another example, the coating remains intact until teaching the small intestine (e.g., an enteric coating). Dissolution of a pharmaceutical composition in the mouth can be prevented with a layer or coating of hydrophilic polymers such as cellulose or gelatin. Eudragit® of various grades or other suitable polymers may be incorporated in coating compositions io release the API in the colon.
  • Coating agents include, but are not limited to, polysaccharides such as maltodextrin, alkyl celluloses such as methyl or ethyl cellulose, hyclroxyalkylcelluloses (e.g. hydroxypropylcellulose or hydroxypropylniethylcelluloses); polyvinylpyrrolidone, acacia, com, sucrose, gelatin, shellac, cellulose acetate pthalate, lipids, synthetic resins, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), copolymers of vinylpyrrolidoue arid vinyl acetate (e.g. marketed under the brand name of Plasdone ® and polymers based on methacrylic acid such as those marketed under the brand name of Eudragit®,
  • polysaccharides such as maltodextrin, alkyl celluloses such as methyl or ethyl cellulose, hyclroxyalkylcelluloses (e.
  • Excipients can be included along with the film formers to obtain satisfactory coatings.
  • These excipients can include plasticizets such as dibutyl phthalate, methyl citrate, dibutyl sibacate, triacetine, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the like, antitacking agents such as talc, stearic acid, magnesium steanrie and colloidal .silicon dioxide and the like, surfactants such as polysorbates and sodium lauryl sulphate, fillers such as talc, precipitated calcium carbonate, polishing agents such as beeswax, carnauba wax : synthetic chlorinated wax and opacifying agents such as titanium dioxide and the like. All these excipients can be used at levels well known to the persons skilled in the art.
  • Non-permeabte coatings of insoluble polymers e.g., cellulose acetate,, ethylcellusose
  • enteric coatings for delayed/modified release by .inclusion of soluble pore formers in the coating, e.g., PEG, PVA, sugars, salts, detergents, triethyl citrate, triacetin, etc.
  • the coatins is a sustained release coating.
  • the beads are retained in the stomach bv floating them, which also controls the drug release rate.
  • Ad added agent such as alginate or polyacrylate maybe used to from a floating raft, which will trap the beads.
  • Coatings of polymers that are susceptible to enzymatic cleavage by colonic bacteria are a means of ensuring release to distal ileum and ascending colon.
  • Materials such as calcium pectinate can be applied as coatings to composition and multiparticulates thai disintegrate in the lower gastrointestinal tract, due to bacterial action.
  • Calcium pectinate capsules for encapsulation of hioadhesive multiparticulates are also available.
  • Preferred -sustained release materials are eeilulosie arid polyacrylic acid polymers (e.g.
  • poltycarbophils or Eudragits These components control diffusion of water during the time it takes for the patient to swallow the efferevecent beverage.
  • the acid in gastric juice will react with the second effervescent base, e.g., bicarbonate.
  • the bicarbonate reacts, gas bubbles form.
  • the coating ideally "gels" and traps the bicarbonate inside, making the little beads float.
  • the slow release pharmaceutical compositions of the in vention can be coated by a wide variety of methods. Suitable methods include compression coating, coating in a fluidized bed or a pan and hot melt (extrusion) coating. Such methods are well known, to those skilled in the art.
  • the preferred controlled-re lease coatings are applied to the API using non-aqueous systems to protect the second effervescing base component from water.
  • the API core particles are mixed, with 2 to 10 wt.% of an effervescing base component, such as a bicarbonate salt (e.g., sodium bicarbonate), nanosilica (optionally), an inert media such as sucrose or glass beads, and water insoluble polymer particles, to produce coated API core particles.
  • the coated API core particles are then subjected to mechanical stress, elevated temperature or a combination thereof in order to deform the coating into a continuous film.
  • the coating sticks to the core API particle when it is "'pressed in place" by a hard, inert .media panicle such as sucrose. After coating the sucrose is then removed.
  • the coating Includes a combination of water soluble or sweilabie coating material particles so that the water soluble or sweilabie particles are imbedded within a water insoluble, deforrnahfc continuous polymer layer.
  • the API in the coated API core particles does not release immediately in the raoatn and thus the particles can be taste masked in this manner, yet the API is released in a relatively short time from the coated pharmaceutical formulation once reaching the stomach.
  • the second effervescing base component can react with acid in the gastric juice to generate carbon, dioxide, causing the API particle to float on the gastric fluid and thus delay release of the API.
  • Dry coating may be accomplished by any suitable device known to a skilled person. Suitable devices include, but not limited to Comil (U3 Quadro Comil of Quadro Pennsylvania, U.S.) . , LabRAM (Resodyne Minnesota, U.S.), Magnetically Assisted Impact Coater (MAIC, Aveka Minnesota, U.S.) and Fluid Energy Mill (FEM, Qualification Micronizer of Sturtevant
  • the FEM is able to simultaneously mill and dry coat the particles to achieve particle sizes that are equal to or less than 50% of the initial particle size if smaller particles are desired. Dry coating of the particles cars be accomplished in a relatively short time using such equipment, for example, 100 grams of coated API core particles may he dry coated in 5 to 10 minutes using a LabRAM.
  • Advantages of the present invention include reproducibility of both the high rate of solubilization of the effervescent tablet itself and the slow rate of API release.
  • the present system offers flexibility in terms of release profile, compatibility of the essential components, and high uniformity of coating.
  • the present method of dry particle coating is simple to implement for a wide range of API's. Coating weight is relatively low while the rate of production output per time are high.
  • the invention uses biearbouat.es and acceptable salts as an essential coating material. From a temperature standpoint it is a cold coating process, which helps with excipients (no melting) and no calcination reaction in situ. Refrigeration is possible.
  • the process is compatible with FR V100 componen ts, and it can be used as part of related processes, e.g., one can combine granulation with fluid bed coating plus labRAM, depending on needs and circumstances.
  • the water-insoluble polymer is in particle form, with a median particle size in a range of from I ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, from 5 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m or from 5-6 ⁇ m.
  • the water insoluble polymer is deformable under mechanical stress, elevated temperature or a combination thereof and thus is selected to have a Young's modulus of not greater than 420 MPa, or not greater than 200 MPa, or not greater than 100 MPa, as measured at 20 °C.
  • the deformability should be equivalent to a Young's modulus of not greater than 420 MPa or not greater than 200 MPa, or not greater than 100 MPa, as measured at 20 °C when measured at elevated or reduced temperatures actually used for processing.
  • elevated processing temperatures could he employed to soften the water insoluble polymer for deformation or that a combination of softening at elevated temperature and mechanical stress can be employed.
  • the water insoluble polymer may be selected from easily deformatble micronized polymers.
  • the water insoluble polymer may be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene,
  • polypropylene polytetrafluoroethylene, carnauba wax, castor wax, polyamide wax, arsd combinations thereof.
  • the water insoluble layer should allow a difYusrvity of the API in the range of 0-20
  • the coatings result in a significant delay or reduction in API release for the first two to four minutes of release in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in the mouth, while permitting complete dissolution of the effervescent tablet.
  • the water soluble or swellable material is in particle form, with a median particle size in a range of from 0,5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, or in a range of from 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the water swellable material swells upon absorption of water and may be selected from typical disintegrams used m the pharmaceutical industry as additives for blends made for tableting.
  • Exemplary water swellable materials include crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate. Such materials, if not soluble in water, must swell upon absorption: of water such that their diameter can increase to 120-600% of their original diameter prior to water exposure, more preferably, 200-600%,
  • the water soluble material has a solubility of at least 50 mg/ml in water at neutral
  • the water soluble material should be readily soluble in water and have an intrinsic dissolution rate of 3-60 ⁇ g/m 2 s. Water soluble materials having higher intrinsic dissolution rates of 60-300 ⁇ g/m 2 s may also be used but should first be coated with a
  • hydrophobic silica layer in an amount of 100-300% surface coverage.
  • water soluble materials include micromzable materials such as sugars such as sucrose, polyols such as mannitol and sorbitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylcellulose, faydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), lactose, and poly-Cethylene oxide) (FBO),
  • HydrophUic polymers are a particularly useful class of materials that may be used.
  • the amount of water soluble or water swellable material employed in the mixing step is in a range of from 0.1 wt, % to 25 wt, %, or from 0.5 wt. % to 13 wt % of the total weight of the API core particles and coating materials.
  • Particles coated with the water soluble or water swellable material may be optionally dry coated with hydrophobic silica to a SAC from 100%to 400% to slow the dissolution rate of the APL This option is especially beneficiall tor coming materials that dissolve and/or swell too quickly to mask the API's taste. Dry coating with hydrophobic silica may produce a poorly wetting but still soluble particle.
  • the silica particles used for dry coating include hydrophobic silica or hydrophobicaily treated silica.
  • Examples include Aerosil R972 silica (Degussa), CAB-O-SIL EH-5 silica (Cabot), OX-50 silica (Degassa).
  • COSM055 Catalyst & Chemical md. Co. Ltd (Japan)
  • P-500 hydrophilic si!ic:a Catalyst & Chemical Ind. Co, Ltd (Japan)
  • TS5 silica Cabot
  • more than one type of silica may be used in combination.
  • POT example, TS5 and Aerosil R972 may be used together to coat the API core particles.
  • the cG in also permit: at least $ ⁇ of the release of the nnc ated API core particles at 30 minutes or 60 minutes, as desired, in a standard USP dissolution test indicative of dissolutio in the Gl tract. Specifically, in the first two minutes, the release from the test sample consisting of coated particles is nearly anrestod by the coating, with less than 0.1 % of drug dissolvin in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in the mouth, more preferably, ess than 0.01 % of drug dissolving in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in die mouth. Also, in some
  • less than about 1 % of drag dissolves in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in the mouth at four minutes, more preferably less than 0.5 %, as compared with die release from a test sample of uucoated drug particles of comparable size.
  • the polyethylene wax has a Young's Modulus o 200 MPa.
  • the mixture contains 20 wt.5 sucrose media, 10 wt.% nanosilica, 5 wt.% sodium bicarbonate, and 10 wt. % metformin HO.
  • the powder blend is processed using an acoustic mixer as shown in Figure 1,
  • a delegable polymer, polyethylene 0»E wax having apartieJeto of 5.5 ⁇ » is used to eoat
  • the mixture contains 20 wt.% sucrose med ⁇ , 10 ⁇ vt.3 ⁇ 4 aanosiiea, 5 M «od3 ⁇ 4 bic3 ⁇ 4rk>nate, and 10 t. % metformin HCI,
  • the powder blend is processed vising an acoustic mixer as shown in Figure I.
  • Metformin HCI particles (10 wt.%) with a volume
  • PE wax medium particle size 5.5 urn
  • Aerosii 972 dry coated with Aerosii 972, and lactose (18 ⁇ ) dry coated with Aerosil R972.
  • the mixture contains 25 wt.% sucrose media, 1 wt.% sodium bicarbonate, The
  • metformin is sometimes dosed once, and more often twice (and sometimes even three times) per day, some of these drugs used m combination (like Januvia, the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptan, or like the SGLT2 inhibitor canigloflozin), are taken once per day.
  • a cumulative daily dosing approach may be preferred.
  • the desired dose were 500 .mg of metformin twice per day and 100 mg canigloflozin once per day, one could provide a dose of 500 mg metfornm plus 50 mg eanaghflozin twice per day, which keeps the drug product and dosing regimen simple.

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Abstract

A delayed-release pharmaceutical composition, comprising; an effervescent tablet, granule, or powder containing a first effervescing organic acid component and a first effervescing base component, wherein said tablet granule, or powder is completely solubilized in drinking water at 25 °C within 2 minutes without stirring; and an effective amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) coated with a delayed- release effervescent floating delivery system containing a second effervescing base component, which system is buoyant, in gastric fluid and thus increases gastric retention time (GRT) in a patient

Description

Title
Effervescent Formulations That Deliver Particles Which Float in the Stomach
Field of the Invention
Effervescent delayed release formulations.
Back ground o f the Invention
Sustained- or delayed-release pharmaceutical compositions are well known and generally employ specialized coatings based on pH or water solubility effects, placed on the active phannaeeutieal ingredient (API), ft is also known that drug release rates can be delayed or controlled by delivering an API to the stomach m a floating drug delivery system having a bulk density less than gastric fluid, which system remains buoyant in the stomach for an extended period of time and increases the gastric retention time (GRT). Typically as such a system is floating on the gastric fluid the API is released slowly at the desired rate, and, after release of the drug, the residual system is emptied from the stomach resulting in better control of the fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. Floating drug delivery systems include gas-generating and non-effervescent systems. Delayed-release coatings that depend on pH or water solubility effects are sometimes combined with floating systems.
Non-effervescent floating systems typically contain cellulose derivatives like starch and a higher fatty alcohol or fatly acid glyeerkle, bilayer compressed capsules, multilayered flexible sheet-like medicament devices, hollow microspheres of acrylic resins, polystyrene floatable shells, single and multiple unit devices with floatation chambers and microporous compartments and buoyant controlled release powder formulations, or hydrogels that expand to hundreds of times their dehydrated form when immersed in water. Oral drug delivery formulations made from these gels swell rapidly in the stomach, causing medications to move more slowly from the stomach to the intestines and be absorbed more efficiently by the body.
Gas-generating systems' typically use effervescent components such as sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid. The stoichiometric ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate optimal for gas generation is 0,76:1. The common approach for preparing these systems involves resin beads loaded with bicarbonate and coated with ethyl cellulose. The insoluble coating allows permeation of water causing carbon dioxide to release arid the beads to float in the stomach Other appfoacb.es include the use of highly swellable hydrocolloids arid light mineral oils,- a mixture of sodium alginate and sodium bicarbonate, multiple unit floating pills that generate carbon dioxide when ingested, floating minicapsules with a core of sodium bicarbonate, lacotes and polyvinyl pytrolodone coats with hydroxypropyl methykeliulose, and floating systems based on ion exchange resin technology- Prior to the present invention, one would not expect to combine an effervescent floating system with a conventional effervescent tablet formulation for dissolving in water before ingestion by the patient. That is because commercial effervescent tablets and grannies contain relatively large amounts of the acid/base couple to -promote rapid, disintegration, so the large amount of acid would react to some extent with the effervescent compounds within the floating system before it reached the stomach.
Summary of the Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a delayed-release pharmaceutical composition, comprising: an effervescent tablet, granule, or powder containing a first effervescing organic acid component and a first effervescing base component, wherein said tablet, granule, or powder is completely solubilized. in drinking water at 25 °C within 2 minutes without stirring; and an effective amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) coated with a delayed- release effervescent floating delivery system containing a second, effervescing base component, which system is buoyant in gastric fluid and thus increases gastric retention time (CRT) in a patient.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a delayed- release pharmaceutical composition, comprising; preparing an effervescent tablet, granule, or powder containing a first effervescing organic acid component and a first effervescing base component, and adding an effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) coated with a delayed-release effervescent floating delivery system which, is buoyant in gastric fluid, thus increasing gastric retention rime (GRT) in a patient, wherein said tablet granule, or powder is completely solubilized in drinking water at 25 °C within 2 minutes without stirring.
Brief Description of the Figures
Fig, 1 is a diagram showing a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process using a LabR AM acoustic mixer;
Detailed Description of the Invention
As part of the first or main effervescent systena, an acid source selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid; an anhydride of said acids; an acid salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate and sodium acid sulfite and mixtures of the acids, anhydrides and acid salts.
As part of the first or main effervescent system, s carbonate source is selected from the group consisting of: sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium glycine carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
The delayed release pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may contain a single API (e.g., metformin HO), pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorph, stereoisomer, ester, prodrug and complex© thereof; or optionally may be combined with another API (e.g., metformin hydrochloride mixed with a compound selected from the group consisting of GLIPIZIDE, BLYBURIDE, PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE, REPAGLINIDE, ROSIGLITAZONE MALEATE, SAXAGLIPTIN and SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE), The delayed- release effervescent floating delivery system pharmaceutical compositions ) of the invention contains the API, 2 - 10 % by weight, of a second effervescing base component (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate. sodium glycine carbonate, and nurtures thereof), and one or more coatings such as film coating, enteric coating, bioadhesrve coating, diffusion coating, and other non-water- permeable coatings known in the art.
These coatings can be functional or non-functional. A functional coating helps slow the release of the active ingredient at the required site of action, in one example, the coating prevents the API from contacting the mouth or esophagus thereby masking its taste. In another example, the coating remains intact until teaching the small intestine (e.g., an enteric coating). Dissolution of a pharmaceutical composition in the mouth can be prevented with a layer or coating of hydrophilic polymers such as cellulose or gelatin. Eudragit® of various grades or other suitable polymers may be incorporated in coating compositions io release the API in the colon.
Coating agents include, but are not limited to, polysaccharides such as maltodextrin, alkyl celluloses such as methyl or ethyl cellulose, hyclroxyalkylcelluloses (e.g. hydroxypropylcellulose or hydroxypropylniethylcelluloses); polyvinylpyrrolidone, acacia, com, sucrose, gelatin, shellac, cellulose acetate pthalate, lipids, synthetic resins, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), copolymers of vinylpyrrolidoue arid vinyl acetate (e.g. marketed under the brand name of Plasdone ® and polymers based on methacrylic acid such as those marketed under the brand name of Eudragit®,
Excipients can be included along with the film formers to obtain satisfactory coatings. These excipients can include plasticizets such as dibutyl phthalate, methyl citrate, dibutyl sibacate, triacetine, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the like, antitacking agents such as talc, stearic acid, magnesium steanrie and colloidal .silicon dioxide and the like, surfactants such as polysorbates and sodium lauryl sulphate, fillers such as talc, precipitated calcium carbonate, polishing agents such as beeswax, carnauba wax: synthetic chlorinated wax and opacifying agents such as titanium dioxide and the like. All these excipients can be used at levels well known to the persons skilled in the art.
4 Non-permeabte coatings of insoluble polymers, e.g., cellulose acetate,, ethylcellusose, can be used as enteric coatings for delayed/modified release by .inclusion of soluble pore formers in the coating, e.g., PEG, PVA, sugars, salts, detergents, triethyl citrate, triacetin, etc.
The coatins is a sustained release coating. The beads are retained in the stomach bv floating them, which also controls the drug release rate. Ad added agent such as alginate or polyacrylate maybe used to from a floating raft, which will trap the beads.
Coatings of polymers that are susceptible to enzymatic cleavage by colonic bacteria are a means of ensuring release to distal ileum and ascending colon. Materials such as calcium pectinate can be applied as coatings to composition and multiparticulates thai disintegrate in the lower gastrointestinal tract, due to bacterial action. Calcium pectinate capsules for encapsulation of hioadhesive multiparticulates are also available.
Preferred -sustained release materials are eeilulosie arid polyacrylic acid polymers (e.g.
poltycarbophils or Eudragits). These components control diffusion of water during the time it takes for the patient to swallow the efferevecent beverage. Once in the stomach, the acid in gastric juice will react with the second effervescent base, e.g., bicarbonate.. When the bicarbonate reacts, gas bubbles form. The coating ideally "gels" and traps the bicarbonate inside, making the little beads float.
The slow release pharmaceutical compositions of the in vention can be coated by a wide variety of methods. Suitable methods include compression coating, coating in a fluidized bed or a pan and hot melt (extrusion) coating. Such methods are well known, to those skilled in the art.
The preferred controlled-re lease coatings are applied to the API using non-aqueous systems to protect the second effervescing base component from water. in a preferred coating method, the API core particles are mixed, with 2 to 10 wt.% of an effervescing base component, such as a bicarbonate salt (e.g., sodium bicarbonate), nanosilica (optionally), an inert media such as sucrose or glass beads, and water insoluble polymer particles, to produce coated API core particles. The coated API core particles are then subjected to mechanical stress, elevated temperature or a combination thereof in order to deform the coating into a continuous film. The coating sticks to the core API particle when it is "'pressed in place" by a hard, inert .media panicle such as sucrose. After coating the sucrose is then removed.
Optionally the coating Includes a combination of water soluble or sweilabie coating material particles so that the water soluble or sweilabie particles are imbedded within a water insoluble, deforrnahfc continuous polymer layer.
The API in the coated API core particles does not release immediately in the raoatn and thus the particles can be taste masked in this manner, yet the API is released in a relatively short time from the coated pharmaceutical formulation once reaching the stomach. At that time the second effervescing base component can react with acid in the gastric juice to generate carbon, dioxide, causing the API particle to float on the gastric fluid and thus delay release of the API.
Dry coating may be accomplished by any suitable device known to a skilled person. Suitable devices include, but not limited to Comil (U3 Quadro Comil of Quadro Pennsylvania, U.S.)., LabRAM (Resodyne Minnesota, U.S.), Magnetically Assisted Impact Coater (MAIC, Aveka Minnesota, U.S.) and Fluid Energy Mill (FEM, Qualification Micronizer of Sturtevant
Massachusetts U.S.) The FEM is able to simultaneously mill and dry coat the particles to achieve particle sizes that are equal to or less than 50% of the initial particle size if smaller particles are desired. Dry coating of the particles cars be accomplished in a relatively short time using such equipment, for example, 100 grams of coated API core particles may he dry coated in 5 to 10 minutes using a LabRAM.
Advantages of the present invention include reproducibility of both the high rate of solubilization of the effervescent tablet itself and the slow rate of API release. The present system offers flexibility in terms of release profile, compatibility of the essential components, and high uniformity of coating. The present method of dry particle coating is simple to implement for a wide range of API's. Coating weight is relatively low while the rate of production output per time are high. The invention uses biearbouat.es and acceptable salts as an essential coating material. From a temperature standpoint it is a cold coating process, which helps with excipients (no melting) and no calcination reaction in situ. Refrigeration is possible. The process is compatible with FR V100 componen ts, and it can be used as part of related processes, e.g., one can combine granulation with fluid bed coating plus labRAM, depending on needs and circumstances.
The water-insoluble polymer is in particle form, with a median particle size in a range of from I μm to 20 μm, from 5 μm to 12 μm or from 5-6 μm. The water insoluble polymer is deformable under mechanical stress, elevated temperature or a combination thereof and thus is selected to have a Young's modulus of not greater than 420 MPa, or not greater than 200 MPa, or not greater than 100 MPa, as measured at 20 °C. Alternatively, the deformability should be equivalent to a Young's modulus of not greater than 420 MPa or not greater than 200 MPa, or not greater than 100 MPa, as measured at 20 °C when measured at elevated or reduced temperatures actually used for processing. Thus, it is contemplated, for example, that elevated processing temperatures could he employed to soften the water insoluble polymer for deformation or that a combination of softening at elevated temperature and mechanical stress can be employed.
The water insoluble polymer may be selected from easily deformatble micronized polymers. The water insoluble polymer may be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene,
polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, carnauba wax, castor wax, polyamide wax, arsd combinations thereof.
The water insoluble layer should allow a difYusrvity of the API in the range of 0-20
x 10-12 m2/s or more preferable 5-15 x 10-12 m2/s. The coatings result in a significant delay or reduction in API release for the first two to four minutes of release in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in the mouth, while permitting complete dissolution of the effervescent tablet.
The water soluble or swellable material is in particle form, with a median particle size in a range of from 0,5 μm to 20 μm, or in a range of from 1 μm to 10 μm. The water swellable material swells upon absorption of water and may be selected from typical disintegrams used m the pharmaceutical industry as additives for blends made for tableting. Exemplary water swellable materials include crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate. Such materials, if not soluble in water, must swell upon absorption: of water such that their diameter can increase to 120-600% of their original diameter prior to water exposure, more preferably, 200-600%,
The water soluble material has a solubility of at least 50 mg/ml in water at neutral
pH and 20 X. The water soluble material should be readily soluble in water and have an intrinsic dissolution rate of 3-60 μg/m2s. Water soluble materials having higher intrinsic dissolution rates of 60-300 μg/m2s may also be used but should first be coated with a
hydrophobic silica layer in an amount of 100-300% surface coverage. Examples of water soluble materials include micromzable materials such as sugars such as sucrose, polyols such as mannitol and sorbitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylcellulose, faydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), lactose, and poly-Cethylene oxide) (FBO),
polymethacrylates (Eudragit brand polymers), and combinations thereof HydrophUic polymers are a particularly useful class of materials that may be used.
The amount of water soluble or water swellable material employed in the mixing step is in a range of from 0.1 wt, % to 25 wt, %, or from 0.5 wt. % to 13 wt % of the total weight of the API core particles and coating materials.
Particles coated with the water soluble or water swellable material may be optionally dry coated with hydrophobic silica to a SAC from 100%to 400% to slow the dissolution rate of the APL This option is especially beneficiall tor coming materials that dissolve and/or swell too quickly to mask the API's taste. Dry coating with hydrophobic silica may produce a poorly wetting but still soluble particle.
The silica particles used for dry coating include hydrophobic silica or hydrophobicaily treated silica. Examples include Aerosil R972 silica (Degussa), CAB-O-SIL EH-5 silica (Cabot), OX-50 silica (Degassa). COSM055 (Catalyst & Chemical md. Co. Ltd (Japan)), P-500 hydrophilic si!ic:a (Catalyst & Chemical Ind. Co, Ltd (Japan)) and TS5 silica (Cabot). In some embodiments, more than one type of silica may be used in combination. POT example, TS5 and Aerosil R972 may be used together to coat the API core particles.
8 The cG in also permit: at least $© of the release of the nnc ated API core particles at 30 minutes or 60 minutes, as desired, in a standard USP dissolution test indicative of dissolutio in the Gl tract. Specifically, in the first two minutes, the release from the test sample consisting of coated particles is nearly anrestod by the coating, with less than 0.1 % of drug dissolvin in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in the mouth, more preferably, ess than 0.01 % of drug dissolving in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in die mouth. Also, in some
embodiments less than about 1 % of drag dissolves in a dissolution test indicative of taste-release in the mouth at four minutes, more preferably less than 0.5 %, as compared with die release from a test sample of uucoated drug particles of comparable size.
Example 1
A detoabie polymer, polye&yi ie (PI) wax. ing a parucie size of S.S μηι is used to coat metformin hydrochloride. The polyethylene wax has a Young's Modulus o 200 MPa. The mixture contains 20 wt.5 sucrose media, 10 wt.% nanosilica, 5 wt.% sodium bicarbonate, and 10 wt. % metformin HO. The powder blend is processed using an acoustic mixer as shown in Figure 1,
A delegable polymer, polyethylene 0»E wax having apartieJeto of 5.5 η» is used to eoat
! w x aas a Erag*s Modulus of 200 MPs. The mixture contains 20 wt.% sucrose med^ , 10 \vt.¾ aanosiiea, 5 M «od¾ bic¾rk>nate, and 10 t. % metformin HCI, The powder blend is processed vising an acoustic mixer as shown in Figure I.
Example 2
Metformin HCI particles (10 wt.%) with a volume
coated with PE wax (median particle size 5.5 urn)
as the h drophilic polymer at a
Figure imgf000010_0001
^l i er particles
Figure imgf000010_0002
μιη) dry coated with Aerosii 972, and lactose (18 μηι) dry coated with Aerosil R972. The mixture contains 25 wt.% sucrose media, 1 wt.% sodium bicarbonate, The
9 coating formulatins with different hydrophilic polymers are all capable o f taste masking the metformin while still achieving controlled release.
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
For fixed dose combinations, although metformin, is sometimes dosed once, and more often twice (and sometimes even three times) per day, some of these drugs used m combination (like Januvia, the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptan, or like the SGLT2 inhibitor canigloflozin), are taken once per day. In such instances a cumulative daily dosing approach may is preferred. For example, if the desired dose were 500 .mg of metformin twice per day and 100 mg canigloflozin once per day, one could provide a dose of 500 mg metfornm plus 50 mg eanaghflozin twice per day, which keeps the drug product and dosing regimen simple. The foregoing examples have been presented for the purpose of illustration and description only. The scope of the .invention is to be determined from the claims appended hereto.

Claims

Claims
1. A delayed-release phannaceutica! composition, comprising: an effervescent tablet, granule, or powder containing a .first effervescing organic acid component and a first effervescing base component, wherein said tablet granule, or powder is completely solubilized in drinking water at 25 °C within 2 minutes without stirring; and. an effective amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) coated with a delayed- release effervescent floating delivery system containing a second effervescing base component, which system is buoyant in gastric fluid and thus increases gastric retention time (GRT) in a patient.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein, the API is coated with polyethylene.
3, The composition of claim 1, wherein the API is metformin HCl.
4, The composition of claim 1 , wherein the API is a combination of Caniglaflozi« and
Metformin
5. The composition, of claim. I, wherein, the API is a. combination of Glipizide and Metformin,
6, A method for manufacturing a delayed-release pharmaceutical composition, comprising: preparing an effervescent tablet, granule, or -powder containing a .first effervescing organic acid component and a first effervescing base component, and adding an. effective amount of an active phannaceutical ingredient (API) coated with a delayed~relealse effervescent floating delivery system which, is buoyant in gastric .fluid, thus increasing gastric retention time (GRIP) in a patient, wherein said tablet, granule, or powder is completely solubilized in drinking water at 23 °C within 2 minutes wiihoui stirring.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the API is coated with, polyethylene,
S, The method of claim 6, wherein the API is metformin HCl
9. The composition of claim 6, wherein the API is a combination of Caniglaflozin and Metformin..
10. The composition of claim 6, wherein the API is a combination of Glipizide and Metformin.
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HUP0000116A3 (en) * 1996-10-01 2000-08-28 Stanford Res Inst Int Taste-masked microcapsule compositions and methods of manufacture
SE9702533D0 (en) * 1997-07-01 1997-07-01 Astra Ab New oral formulation

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US20200215061A1 (en) * 2019-01-09 2020-07-09 Celgene Corporation Pharmaceutical compositions comprising (s)-4-(4-(4-(((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile and methods of using the same
JP2022516989A (en) * 2019-01-09 2022-03-03 セルジーン コーポレイション (S) -4- (4-((((2- (2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl) -1-oxoisoindoline-4-yl) oxy) methyl) benzyl) piperazine-1 -Il) -3-Fluorobenzonitrile-containing pharmaceutical composition and its usage
US11779580B2 (en) * 2019-01-09 2023-10-10 Celgene Corporation Pharmaceutical compositions comprising (s)-4-(4-(4- (((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrtle and methods of using the
JP7489989B2 (en) 2019-01-09 2024-05-24 セルジーン コーポレイション Pharmaceutical compositions comprising (S)-4-(4-(4-(((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1-oxoisoindolin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)benzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile and methods of use thereof

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