WO2014158011A1 - A process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil (ppfo) to produce refined oil and the refined oil thereof - Google Patents

A process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil (ppfo) to produce refined oil and the refined oil thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014158011A1
WO2014158011A1 PCT/MY2014/000042 MY2014000042W WO2014158011A1 WO 2014158011 A1 WO2014158011 A1 WO 2014158011A1 MY 2014000042 W MY2014000042 W MY 2014000042W WO 2014158011 A1 WO2014158011 A1 WO 2014158011A1
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Prior art keywords
ppfo
refined
less
process according
oil
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PCT/MY2014/000042
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French (fr)
Inventor
Lik Nang Harrison LAU
Yuen May CHOO
Nur Sulihatimarsyila ABD. WAFTI
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Malaysian Palm Oil Board (Mpob)
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Priority to BR112015024681-8A priority Critical patent/BR112015024681B1/en
Publication of WO2014158011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014158011A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
    • C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil (PPFO) to produce refined oil and the refined oil thereof.
  • PPFO palm-pressed fibre oil
  • Palm pressed-fibre is a by-product obtained from the oil extraction process of oil palm fruits in palm oil mills. Conventionally, the PPF is burned as fuel to provide energy for the mill operations.
  • the residual oil extracted from PPF contains high concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin E and sterols (Choo et ai, 1996).
  • the PPFO has been reported as a good source of health supplements to fulfil certain daily vitamin requirements including carotenes (pro-vitamin A), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), squalene, sterols and phospholipids (Choo et al, 1996, 2003; Lau et al, 2008 and Rusnani et al, 2012).
  • the phospholipids composition in palm-pressed fiber oil has also been well-studied and reported (Choo et al, 2004). All these studies had suggested that PPFO has a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics industries.
  • the present invention provides a refining technology for PPFO to enable greater market application of the oil and value addition.
  • the present invention provides a process for refining palm-pressed Fibre oil (PPFO) to produce refined oil, the process includes the steps of (a) water-degumming of the PPFO using water like distilled water at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (b) acidic water-degumming of the PPFO using acid like phosphoric acid at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (c) dry degumming of PPFO at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (d) bleaching of PPFO using bleaching earth at a temperature ranging from 90°C to 115°C preferably at 105°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (e) high vacuum deacidification of PPFO is conducted at a temperature less than 200°C and pressure less than 0.01 mbar
  • the present invention provides a process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil [PPFO) to produce refined oil, the process includes the steps of (a) water-degumming of the PPFO using water like distilled water at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (b) acidic water-degumming of the PPFO using acid like phosphoric acid at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (c) dry degumming of PPFO at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (d) bleaching of PPFO using bleaching earth at a temperature ranging from 90°C to 115°C preferably at 105°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (e) high vacuum deacidification of PPFO is conducted at a temperature less than 200°C and pressure less than 0.01 mbar,
  • PPFO is treated using a combination of processes comprising degumming and bleaching in order to the produce RPPFO.
  • Acid degumming is applied to complete the degumming process followed by bleaching.
  • all minor components such as carotenoids and palm vitamin E are reserved in the RPPFO.
  • Different types of bleaching agents with various dosages in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 %wt are investigated. Significantly high amount of carotenoids is retained for all types of bleaching agents used in the bleached oil.
  • Silica-based bleaching agent is found to reduce vitamin E content at high dosage treatment.
  • the process of the present invention may also include step of fractionation of refined PPFO to produce refined PPFO olein enriched with high concentration carotenes and vitamin E.
  • the process of the present invention may also include step of blending of refined PPFO olein with refined, bleached and deodorised RBD palm olein (RBDPOo) and other refined vegetable oils e.g. canola, soyabean, rapeseed oils and others.
  • RBDPOo bleached and deodorised RBD palm olein
  • the blending ratio between refined PPFO olein with the RBDPOo and other refined vegetable oils e.g. canola, soyabean, rapeseed oils and others is more than 30% refined PPFO olein.
  • the bleaching earth is selected from natural bleaching earth, acid activated bleaching earth and silica based bleaching earth or any combination thereof. It is preferred that the PPFO used in the present invention to have DOBI value of more than 2.0 and/or to have phosphorus content value of less than 30 ppm and/or to have free fatty acid (FFA) value of less than 0.2%wt and/or to have the PFFO to be enriched with minor components such as carotenes and vitamin E.
  • DFA free fatty acid
  • the final stage of refining process is high vacuum deacidification in order to remove fatty acid and residual oxidation products under controlled conditions.
  • the RPPFO is further refined via fractionation process in order to produce refined red palm fibre olein (RRedPFO olein) fractions with high phytonutrients contents.
  • the fractionated RRedPFO olein can then be blended with other oils to produce the red blended oil rich in carotenes and vitamin E.
  • Step 1 Water-degumming 82 2.01
  • the water-degummed fibre oil was subjected to dry degumming process by adding 0.05%wt of phosphoric acid in aqueous solution and heated to 90°C for 10 min. About 0.1%of bleaching earth was added to the mixture and stirred at 105°C for 15 min under nitrogen blanketing. The bleaching earth was filtered and the oil was dried under vacuum. The refined PPFO was analysed for its carotenes and vitamin E content. The results were shown in Table 4. The carotenes and vitamin E were retained in the water- degummed fibre oil.
  • the water-degummed Fibre oil was subjected to dry degumming process by adding 0.05%wt of phosphoric acid in aqueous solution and heated to 90°C for 10 min. About 0.1%of bleaching earth was added to the mixture and stirred at 105°C for 15 min under nitrogen blanketing. The bleaching earth was Filtered and subjected to high vacuum distillation using short path distiller at 180°C and 0.01 mbar. The reFined PPFO was analysed for the phosphorous content, DOBI, free fatty acid (FFA), carotenes and vitamin E content. The results were shown in Table 5. The carotenes and vitamin E were retained in the Final reFined PPFO. The FFA content was reduced to 0.15%wt. DOBI has been increased from 1.99 to 2.87.
  • Step 1 Water-degumming 100 1358 1097 2.6189 -
  • Step 2 Water-degumming 62 1323 1048 2.6544 -
  • Example 5 The refined PPFO obtained in Example 5 was subjected to dry fractionation for cooling period of 10 hours. The final holding temperature was 24°C. The cooled refined PPFO was filter at pressure of 15 barg. The filtrate and solid were collected and analysed for their carotenes and vitamin E content. The yield of filtrate was 78% based on feed. The results were shown in Table 7.
  • Example 7 The refined PPFO obtained in Example 7 was blended with refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein (RBDPOo) at ratio of PPFO to RBDPOo of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2. The experiment was repeated by blending refined PPFO with refined canola oil at similar ratio. The blended oils were tested for their carotenes and vitamin E content. The results were shown in Table 8. The blended oils with different concentrations of carotenes and vitamin E were obtained.
  • RBDPOo bleached and deodorised palm olein

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel refining process for producing refined palm-pressed fibre oil (RPPFO) prior to fractionation process to further process the oil into speciality fibre oil products, and further blending with other oils to produce blended oil enriched with palm carotenes.

Description

A PROCESS FOR REFINING PALM-PRESSED FIBRE OIL (PPFO) TO PRODUCE REFINED OIL
AND THE REFINED OIL THEREOF
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention provides a process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil (PPFO) to produce refined oil and the refined oil thereof.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Palm pressed-fibre (PPF) is a by-product obtained from the oil extraction process of oil palm fruits in palm oil mills. Conventionally, the PPF is burned as fuel to provide energy for the mill operations.
The residual oil extracted from PPF contains high concentrations of carotenoids, vitamin E and sterols (Choo et ai, 1996). The PPFO has been reported as a good source of health supplements to fulfil certain daily vitamin requirements including carotenes (pro-vitamin A), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), squalene, sterols and phospholipids (Choo et al, 1996, 2003; Lau et al, 2008 and Rusnani et al, 2012). The phospholipids composition in palm-pressed fiber oil has also been well-studied and reported (Choo et al, 2004). All these studies had suggested that PPFO has a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics industries.
Previous studies also found that the PPFO containing high amount of water-soluble compounds possess excellent antioxidant activities (Lau etal, 2007). Neoh et al (2011) found that the PPFO provides higher diacylglycerides, triacyglycerides and lauric acid as similar as palm kernel extracted by selective extraction methods, thus making its suitable in the food industry applications. The inherent properties of PPFO, enriched with desired nutritional attribute can be further developed into other high value-added products. However, the crude PPFO obtained from PPF cannot be used directly or blended into crude palm oil (CPO) without going through further processing.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a process obtain speciality fiber oil products. Therefore, the present invention provides a refining technology for PPFO to enable greater market application of the oil and value addition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for refining palm-pressed Fibre oil (PPFO) to produce refined oil, the process includes the steps of (a) water-degumming of the PPFO using water like distilled water at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (b) acidic water-degumming of the PPFO using acid like phosphoric acid at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (c) dry degumming of PPFO at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (d) bleaching of PPFO using bleaching earth at a temperature ranging from 90°C to 115°C preferably at 105°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (e) high vacuum deacidification of PPFO is conducted at a temperature less than 200°C and pressure less than 0.01 mbar, (f) dry fractionation of PPFO and (g) blending of refined PPFO olein with other oils.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the following detailed description of the invention of exemplary embodiments of the invention in which is shown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, but other embodiments may be utilized and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it is understood that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
Generally, the present invention provides a process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil [PPFO) to produce refined oil, the process includes the steps of (a) water-degumming of the PPFO using water like distilled water at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (b) acidic water-degumming of the PPFO using acid like phosphoric acid at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (c) dry degumming of PPFO at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (d) bleaching of PPFO using bleaching earth at a temperature ranging from 90°C to 115°C preferably at 105°C for a period of less than 40 minutes, (e) high vacuum deacidification of PPFO is conducted at a temperature less than 200°C and pressure less than 0.01 mbar, CO dry fractionation of PPFO and Cg) blending of refined PPFO olein with other oils. PPFO is treated using a combination of processes comprising degumming and bleaching in order to the produce RPPFO. Acid degumming is applied to complete the degumming process followed by bleaching. Under selective bleaching conditions, all minor components such as carotenoids and palm vitamin E are reserved in the RPPFO. Different types of bleaching agents with various dosages in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 %wt are investigated. Significantly high amount of carotenoids is retained for all types of bleaching agents used in the bleached oil. Silica-based bleaching agent is found to reduce vitamin E content at high dosage treatment.
The process of the present invention may also include step of fractionation of refined PPFO to produce refined PPFO olein enriched with high concentration carotenes and vitamin E.
Besides that, the process of the present invention may also include step of blending of refined PPFO olein with refined, bleached and deodorised RBD palm olein (RBDPOo) and other refined vegetable oils e.g. canola, soyabean, rapeseed oils and others. In such a case, the blending ratio between refined PPFO olein with the RBDPOo and other refined vegetable oils e.g. canola, soyabean, rapeseed oils and others is more than 30% refined PPFO olein.
In this process, when distilled water is used in the process, dosage of the distilled water is less than 20%wt, and when phosphoric acid is used in the process, dosage of the phosphoric acid is less than l%wt. It is found that phosphorus content in the degummed PPFO reduced with increasing of water dosage during water-degumming step. The water used in the wet degumming can be either neutral or acidic. The contents of carotene and vitamin E in the degummed PPFO are not significantly changed after water-degumming. The Deterioration of Bleachability Index (DOBI) value of the degummed PPFO has been improved as compared to the crude PPFO. The dosage of bleaching earth is less than 2%wt. The bleaching earth is selected from natural bleaching earth, acid activated bleaching earth and silica based bleaching earth or any combination thereof. It is preferred that the PPFO used in the present invention to have DOBI value of more than 2.0 and/or to have phosphorus content value of less than 30 ppm and/or to have free fatty acid (FFA) value of less than 0.2%wt and/or to have the PFFO to be enriched with minor components such as carotenes and vitamin E.
The final stage of refining process is high vacuum deacidification in order to remove fatty acid and residual oxidation products under controlled conditions.
The RPPFO is further refined via fractionation process in order to produce refined red palm fibre olein (RRedPFO olein) fractions with high phytonutrients contents. The fractionated RRedPFO olein can then be blended with other oils to produce the red blended oil rich in carotenes and vitamin E.
Example 1
About 100 g of crude PPFO was weighed into a flask and heated under a nitrogen flow to 90°C. Approximately 0.5 to 10% of hot water [based on feed) was added to the mixture. The mixture was agitated at 90°C and hydrated of 20 minutes. The mixture was subjected to centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes. The bottom layer was drained. The top layer was dried in the oven at 100°C for 24 hours. The samples were then tested for phosphorus content and DOBI value. The results were shown in Table 1. The DOBI of the water degummed PPFO has increased from 1.45 to 2.22. The phosphorus content can be reduced to about 20 ppm.
Table 1. Phosphorus content and DOBI value of degummed PPFO using hot water
Sample Water dosage Phosphorus DOBI
[v/w%) content [ppm)
Crude PPFO 0 636 1.45
Batch 1 0.5 498 1.78
Batch 2 1.0 421 1.80
Batch 3 2.0 387 1.81
Batch 4 3.0 305 2.06
Batch 5 4.0 279 2.16
Batch 6 5.0 57 2.20
Batch 7 10.0 20 2.22
Example 2
Following the method as described in Example 1, approximately 0.02 to 0.05% of phosphorus acid was added into hot water for degumming purpose. The samples were tested for phosphorus content and DOBI value. The results were shown in Table 2. It was found that the DOBI value increased with the increase of water dosage. Phosphorus content in the water degummed PPFO was reduced by 90% with addition of 10% water. Table 2. Phosphorus content and DOBI value of degummed PPFO using acidic hot water
Sample Water dosage Phosphorus DOBI
fv/w%) content (ppm)
Crude PPFO 0 205 1.35
Batch 1 0.5 102 1.55
Batch 2 1.0 82 1.60
Batch 3 2.0 73 1.71
Batch 4 3.0 56 1.78
Batch 5 4.0 41 1.87
Batch 6 5.0 30 1.94
Batch 7 10.0 23 2.11
Example 3
Following the method as described in Example 1, the water addition step was repeated two times using 5% hot water. The samples were then tested for phosphorus content and DOBI value. The results were shown in Table 3. Two steps of water degumming can effectively reduce the phosphorus content and increase the COBI value of the oil.
Table 3. Phosphorus content and DOBI value of degummed PPFO using two steps of hot water degumming
Sample Phosphorus DOBI
Content (ppm)
Crude PPFO 213 1.90
Step 1: Water-degumming 82 2.01
Step 2: Water-degumming 31 2.65 Example 4
Following the method as described in Example 1, the water-degummed fibre oil was subjected to dry degumming process by adding 0.05%wt of phosphoric acid in aqueous solution and heated to 90°C for 10 min. About 0.1%of bleaching earth was added to the mixture and stirred at 105°C for 15 min under nitrogen blanketing. The bleaching earth was filtered and the oil was dried under vacuum. The refined PPFO was analysed for its carotenes and vitamin E content. The results were shown in Table 4. The carotenes and vitamin E were retained in the water- degummed fibre oil.
Table 4. Carotenes and vitamin E content in the refined PPFO
Sample Water dosage Carotene Vitamin E fv/w%) content (ppm) (ppm)
Crude PPFO 0 1249 1205
Batch 1 0.5 1216 1093
Batch 2 1.0 1213 999
Batch 3 2.0 1248 949
Batch 4 3.0 1117 936
Batch 5 4.0 1190 893
Batch 6 5.0 1084 847
Batch 7 10.0 1082 840
Example 5
Following the methods as described in Example 1 and 3, the water-degummed Fibre oil was subjected to dry degumming process by adding 0.05%wt of phosphoric acid in aqueous solution and heated to 90°C for 10 min. About 0.1%of bleaching earth was added to the mixture and stirred at 105°C for 15 min under nitrogen blanketing. The bleaching earth was Filtered and subjected to high vacuum distillation using short path distiller at 180°C and 0.01 mbar. The reFined PPFO was analysed for the phosphorous content, DOBI, free fatty acid (FFA), carotenes and vitamin E content. The results were shown in Table 5. The carotenes and vitamin E were retained in the Final reFined PPFO. The FFA content was reduced to 0.15%wt. DOBI has been increased from 1.99 to 2.87.
Table 5. Phosphorous content, DOBI, FFA, carotenes and vitamin E content in the reFined PPFO
Sample Phosphorus Carotene Vitamin E DOBI FFA
Content Content
(ppm) [ppm) (ppm) (%)
Crude PPFO 113 1357 1105.5 1.9924 6.3914
Step 1: Water-degumming 100 1358 1097 2.6189 -
Step 2: Water-degumming 62 1323 1048 2.6544 -
Acid-degummed PPFO 64 1317 998 2.5807 -
Bleached PPFO 21 1208 904 2.8724 -
ReFined PPFO 20 1260 904 2.8724 0.1514
Example 6
Following method as described in Example 1, 5%wt of water was added during the water degumming process. The water-degummed oil was treated by dry degumming step using 0.05% of phosphorus acid at 90°C for 10 minutes. Approximately 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0%wt of bleaching agent was added into the mixture. The bleaching was carried out at 105°C for 20 min. The bleach bleaching agent was then Filtered under vacuum. The results were shown in Table 6. It was found that acidic and neutral earths have preserved the carotenes and vitamin E in the final PPFO. However silica-based earth has reduced the carotenes content.
Table 6. Effect of bleaching on carotenes and vitamin E contents in degummed and bleached PPFO
Total carotenes content Total vitamin E content
(ppm) (ppm)
Crude PPFO 1143 861
Bleaching agent
0.1 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.5 1.0
Dosage (%wt)
Acidic earth 1126 1143 1118 786 852 785
Natural earth 1132 1129 1120 797 814 672
Silica-based earth 1119 1142 1118 877 647 574
Example 7
The refined PPFO obtained in Example 5 was subjected to dry fractionation for cooling period of 10 hours. The final holding temperature was 24°C. The cooled refined PPFO was filter at pressure of 15 barg. The filtrate and solid were collected and analysed for their carotenes and vitamin E content. The yield of filtrate was 78% based on feed. The results were shown in Table 7.
Table 7. Carotenes and vitamin E contents of fractionated refined PPFO
Carotenes Vitamin E
Sample content Content
(Ppm) [ppm)
Refined PPFO 1260 904
Filtrate (liquid) 1462 1084 Cake (solid) 586 292
Example 8
The refined PPFO obtained in Example 7 was blended with refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein (RBDPOo) at ratio of PPFO to RBDPOo of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2. The experiment was repeated by blending refined PPFO with refined canola oil at similar ratio. The blended oils were tested for their carotenes and vitamin E content. The results were shown in Table 8. The blended oils with different concentrations of carotenes and vitamin E were obtained.
Table 8. Carotenes and vitamin E contents of blended oils
Carotenes Vitmain E
Blended oils content Content
(ppm) (ppm)
PPFO:RBDPOo
Ratio 1:1 624 668
Ratio 2:1 842 724
Ratio 1:2 416 417
PPFO: Refined canola oil
Ratio 1:1 604 533
Ratio 2:1 816 647
Ratio 1:2 407 402

Claims

A process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil (PPFO) to produce refined oil, the process includes the steps of:
(a) water-degumming of the PPFO using water like distilled water at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes;
(b) acidic water-degumming of the PPFO using acid like phosphoric acid at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes;
(c) dry degumming of PPFO at a temperature ranging from 70°C to 110°C preferably at 80°C for a period of less than 40 minutes;
(d) bleaching of PPFO using bleaching earth at a temperature ranging from 90°C to 115°C preferably at 105°C for a period of less than 40 minutes;
(e) high vacuum deacidification of PPFO is conducted at a temperature less than 200°C and pressure less than 0.01 mbar;
(a) dry fractionation of PPFO; and
(b) blending of refined PPFO olein with other oils.
The process according to claim 1, further includes step of fractionation of refined PPFO to produce refined PPFO olein enriched with high concentration carotenes and vitamin E.
The process according to claim 1, further includes step of blending of refined PPFO olein with refined, bleached and deodorised RBD palm olein (RBDPOo) and other refined vegetable oils e.g. canola, soyabean, rapeseed oils and others.
The process according to claim 3, wherein blending ratio between refined PPFO olein with the RBDPOo and other refined vegetable oils e.g. canola, soyabean, rapeseed oils and others is more than 30% refined PPFO olein.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein when distilled water is used in the process, dosage of the distilled water is less than 20%wt
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein when phosphoric acid is used in the process, dosage of the phosphoric acid is less than l%wt.
7. The process according to claim 4, wherein dosage of bleaching earth is less than 2%wL
8. The process according to claim 4, wherein bleaching earth is selected from natural bleaching earth, acid activated bleaching earth and silica based bleaching earth or any combination thereof.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the PPFO having Deterioration of Bleachability Index (DOBIJ value of more than 2.0.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the PPFO having phosphorus content value of less than 30 ppm.
11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the PPFO having free fatty acid FFA value of less than 0.2%wt.
12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the PPFO is enriched with minor components such as carotenes and vitamin E.
13. Refined PPFO and blended oils as produced from any one of claims 1 to 12.
PCT/MY2014/000042 2013-03-27 2014-03-25 A process for refining palm-pressed fibre oil (ppfo) to produce refined oil and the refined oil thereof WO2014158011A1 (en)

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US11008531B2 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-05-18 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems
US11987832B2 (en) 2020-08-06 2024-05-21 Poet Research, Inc. Endogenous lipase for metal reduction in distillers corn oil

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US11008531B2 (en) 2018-02-09 2021-05-18 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems
US10851327B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2020-12-01 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition feedstock, and related systems, compositions and uses
US11530369B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2022-12-20 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition
US11912958B2 (en) 2018-06-11 2024-02-27 Poet Research, Inc. Methods of refining a grain oil composition
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US11987832B2 (en) 2020-08-06 2024-05-21 Poet Research, Inc. Endogenous lipase for metal reduction in distillers corn oil

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