WO2014090219A2

WO2014090219A2 - Rotor blade, retaining arm and rotor for a vertical-axis wind turbine, and production method and vertical-axis wind turbine

Info

Publication number: WO2014090219A2
Application number: PCT/DE2013/000774
Authority: WO
Inventors: Markus Marnett
Original assignee: Eovent GmbH
Priority date: 2012-12-11
Filing date: 2013-12-11
Publication date: 2014-06-19
Also published as: WO2014090219A3; DE102012024119A1; DE112013005921A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotor blade, to a rotor blade adjustment, a retaining arm and a rotor for a vertical-axis wind turbine and to a method for producing a retaining arm for a vertical-axis wind turbine.

Description

ROTOR SHEET, HOLDING ARM AND ROTOR FOR A VERTI ALACHSWINDENERGIEANLAGE AS WELL AS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND VERTIKALACHS WINDENERGIE ANLÄGE

The invention relates to a rotor blade, a holding arm and a rotor for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage and a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage.

[02] Wind turbines are well known in the art. A wind turbine uses a rotor to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy of a shaft. In lift-based wind turbines, the aerodynamic forces on the rotor blades of the rotor fulfill this task.

[03] There are two different types in relation to the axis of rotation of the wind energy plant. On the one hand, there are wind turbines with a horizontal axis to the other wind turbines with a vertical axis, so called vertical axis wind turbines. There are different types of lift-based vertical axis wind turbines. In this case, the so-called H-rotor has prevailed, in which, in contrast to the Darrie-rotor and conventional wind turbines with a horizontal axis, the rotor blades over the entire length are at a constant distance to this axis.

BESTÄTIGU NGSKOPI E [04] In order to transmit the forces and moments acting on the rotor blade to the shaft, vertical axis wind turbines require a rotor blade holder. As rotor blades in vertical axis wind energy systems currently only those are used which have been produced by four-digit NACA parameterization with three profile parameters. These are in particular the NACA0018 and the NACA4418 profile.

[05] The object of the present invention is to improve the prior art or to provide an alternative to the side.

The object is achieved according to a first aspect of the present invention by a rotor blade for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage, wherein the profile of the rotor blade is designed according to a polynomial according to the PARSEC-11 parametrization, the profile of the rotor blade at least seven, preferably eight, nine, has ten or all of the following PARSEC-11 parameters: r between 0.000 to 0.100, preferably between 0.005 to 0.080, particularly preferably from 0.005 to 0.050 x _up between 0.10 to 0.60, preferably between 0.20 to 0.50 , more preferably from 0.25 to 0.45 y _up, from 0.000 to 0.150, preferably from 0.000 to 0.135, most preferably from 0.050 to 0.120 a ² ,

between 0.0 to 2.0, preferably between 0.2 to 1.5, finely

ders preferably from 0.4 to 1, 3

x _low between 0.10 to 0.60, preferably between 0.20 to 0.50, more preferably from 0.25 to 0.40

9 low between 0.00 to 0.15, preferably between 0.00 to 0.12, particularly preferably from 0.04 to 0.12

₂ ^0W between 0.0 and 2.0, preferably between 0.2 to 1.5, ^x ö special low

that is, from 0.4 to 1.3

ß in degrees between 0 to 25, preferably between 0 to 20, particularly preferably from 0 to 18

a in degrees between 0 to 25, preferably between 0 to 20, particularly prefers from 0 to 15

y _te between -0.3 to 0.3, preferably from -0.15 to 0.15, particularly preferably from 0

Ay _te between 0 to 0.1, preferably between 0 to 0.01, particularly preferably from 0.004, wherein the profile at each point of its contour can deviate from the polynomial defined by PARSEC-1 1 by a maximum of y _{up to} fifteenth, preferably maximally by y _up 20ths or by y _up 50ths, the profile particularly preferably following the polynomial exactly. [06] It should be explained conceptually that the parameterization refers to the so-called PARSEC-1 1 definition according to Marnett, Markus: PARSEC- 1 1 Parameterization, Techn. Report, Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 201 1.

[07] It should be further clarified that all angle data with the unit "°" are DEG specifications, ie with a full circle of 360 °.

[08] It should be expressly understood that in the context of the present disclosure, an indefinite article such as "a ...", "two", etc. is to be understood as an at least indication, that is, "at least one ...", " at least two ... "and so on, unless it is clear from the context in question that it means only" exactly one ... "," exactly two ... "and so on.

[09] In a worsened embodiment, even a non-polynomialable course and / or a discontinuous course of the contour may still have a course designed according to the first aspect of the invention.

Since the efficiency of the entire rotor depends essentially on the aerodynamic forces on the rotor blade, an improved efficiency is achieved with the just described parameter set for the rotor blades. The PARSEC-1 1 parameterization of Prof. Dr. Sobieczky offers the possibility to clearly define the profile form. This parameterization contains eleven parameters, which are shown in FIG. The upper side is to be understood as the outer side of the rotor and the lower side as the inner side of the rotor. These are determined as follows:

• r is the dimensionless radius at the leading edge

• x _up stands for the dimensionless% coordinate of the highest point on the top

• 9up stands for the dimensionless y-coordinate of the highest point on the top

d ² y _u

• ₂ ^up describes the 2nd derivative from y to x at the coordinates

OX _U p

• x _iow is the dimensionless x-coordinate of the lowest point on the bottom

• iow ^ste ht for the dimensionless y-coordinate of the lowest point on the bottom

• _Ά ~ 2 ° ^w describes the 2nd derivative from y to x at the coordinates d ^x low

• ß is the opening angle of the profile at the trailing edge in degrees

• a is the angle of inclination of the profile at the trailing edge in degrees

• 9th is the dimensionless vertical distance of the trailing edge to the x-axis

Ay _te is the dimensionless thickness at the trailing edge

[11] A second aspect of the invention, which is also independently inventive, relates to a support arm for a vertical axis wind turbine, wherein the holding arm has a longitudinally extending holding structure, which is a hollow body whose wall thickness decreases in one area and whose rigidity is reduced to the outside.

[12] This material can be saved, which leads to a reduction in mass. The mass of the suspension should be as low as possible, so that the speed of the wind turbine can be adapted quickly to the changing wind speed in order to operate the rotor of the wind turbine evenly with a good efficiency can. The support structure may be, for example, a molded plastic or other material part. It may be a solid or hollow body, which may have a Konturgradienten. Other materials - such as metal - are conceivable.

[13] Advantageously, the holding structure is a hollow body which has a constant outer cross-section in a region in which the wall thickness decreases.

Basically, Y-shaped support arms are advantageous because the drive torque can be transmitted better. In the case of a Y-shaped holding arm with a likewise shaped holding structure, it is advantageous if the region in which the wall thickness decreases with a constant outer cross section lies between the junction point of the Y and the rotor blade connection.

In particular, the support structure may be constructed of a plurality of U-profiles, which are pushed into each other. This creates a shell structure. This simple construction variant is particularly favorable to manufacture and, for example, offers the advantage of a constant rectangular outer cross-section in the case of a later cladding.

[16] A third aspect of the invention, which is also independently inventive, relates to a support arm wherein the elongate support structure is wrapped in a mold and the profile of the mold is at least seven, eight, nine according to the above-described PARSEC-11 parametrization , ten or preferably all eleven of the following parameters: r is between 0.003 to 0.110, preferably between 0.022 to 0.110, particularly preferably from 0.100 x _up between 0.268 to 0.420, preferably between 0.289 to 0.380, particularly preferred from 0.306 y _up between 0.151 to 0.191, preferably between 0.154 to 0.172, more preferably 0.157

OX ₂ ^u _U ^p p between 0.499 to 0.998, preferably between 0.740 to

0.998, more preferably 0.880

iow between 0.268 to 0.420, preferably between 0.289 to 0.380, more preferably from 0.306 iow between 0.1 to 0.191, preferably between 0.1 to 0, 172, particularly preferably from 0.157 ₂ ° ^w between 0.499 to 0.998, preferably between 0.740 to

° ^x low

0.998, more preferably from 0.880 ß between 1, 183 to 19.946, preferably between 2.442 to 19.946, more preferably 17.852 between 0 to 12, preferably from 0 to 6, more preferably from 0 y _te between -0.2 to 0.2 , preferably between -0, 1 to 0, 1, particularly preferably from 0

Ay _te between O to 0.1, preferably between 0 to 0.01, more preferably of 0.004, wherein the profile of the shape at each point of its contour by a maximum y _{up to} 15ths can deviate from the polynomial defined by PARSEC-1 1, preferably a maximum of y _up 20ths or around y _up 50ths, the profile of the form particularly preferably following the polynomial exactly. [17] In this way, a reduction in the moment of resistance of the connection can be achieved by sheathing the holding arm with a lift-neutral PARSEC profile. The numerical calculation of the ideal PARSEC profile is based on the fact that the four corner points of the box for the longitudinally extending support structure lie within the profile contour. Overall, the aerodynamic drag torque of the rotor blade suspension are reduced and thus the torque coefficient of the support arm minimized. This in turn improves the efficiency of the rotor of the vertical axis wind turbine.

[18] A fourth aspect of the invention, which is also independently inventive, relates to a support arm having a longitudinally extending support structure encased in a mold, the mold being formed by a transversely extending bulkhead structure and a sheath.

[19] The transversely extending frame structure can be realized by a wing-like frame structure. As a result, the weight of the mold is kept low. [20] The shell may be made of sheet metal, which has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm, in particular from 0.1 to 1 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm.

[21] An attachment of the individual components of the support arm can be done by riveting, preferably blind rivets. For the rivets, an undercut can be provided in the frames. [22] Preferably, the frame structure has a bore through which, for example, any supply and control lines for a rotor blade adjustment or sensor technology can be laid on the rotor blade. This is preferably arranged in the direction of flow in the rear part of the bulkhead structure. The bore serves to receive cables, thus facilitating the routing thereof as compared to attachment of the cables within the longitudinally extending support structure of the support arm. [23] A fifth independent inventive aspect of the invention relates to a rotor for a vertical axis wind turbine with support arms and a rotor blade, wherein the angle of attack is in a range of -5 ° <d <0 °, preferably at d = -2.5 °. This is especially useful if it is a NACA4418 profile. A further preferred range for the angle of attack is -5 ° <d <5 °, preferably at d = 0 °, this is particularly advantageous if it is a PARSEC profile. The definition of the angle of attack is shown in FIG. 4A. As a result, the efficiency is improved. The angle of attack d, as shown in FIG. 4, is a negative value.

A sixth, also independently inventive aspect of the invention relates to a rotor for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage with holding arms and a rotor blade, wherein the starting points of two holding arms on a rotor blade in the spanwise direction a distance between / 0.5-0.5 <h _A / h _F <0.25, in particular of h _A / h _F = 0.229.

Due to the special design of the vertical axis wind turbine, it is possible to use a two-dimensional profile, which has a constant profile over the entire height. In order to keep the production costs as low as possible, it can have a structure that is constant over the entire height. Thus, the dimensioning load of the rotor blade structure, so the inner reference voltage, be assumed to be proportional to the bending moment occurring. [26] In FIGS. 5A and 5B, the bending moment distributions are both for a constant line load (FIG. 5A), which results from a frontal flow of the airfoil at standstill of the system, as well as a line load to Multhopp (FIG. 5B). which are shown by the aerodynamic loads during operation of the system. The optimal starting points of the two holding arms have already been used, which are characterized by the positions h _A / h _F = 0.25 and h _A / h _F =

mark. The geometrical definitions can be taken from FIGS. 4A and 4B. If one deviates from the optimum position under the corresponding loads, the internal bending moment of the rotor blade increases either in the middle at position z / h _F = 0.25 or at the position of the points of application of the holding arms at h _A / h _F. This can be clearly recognized by the dashed bending moments in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Accordingly, the preferred attack points arise. A seventh independent inventive aspect of the invention relates to a rotor for a wind turbine with holding arms and a rotor blade, wherein the points of engagement of two holding arms on a rotor blade in pro filsehnenrichtung a distance between 0.4c <x _c <0.5c, in particular of x _c = 0.45c. [28] The position of the "point of attack" is understood as lying on the line of the main axes of the support arm.

As a result of the distance between the neutral point and the center of gravity of the rotor blade results in a moment around the bearing point of the rotor blade, since the aerodynamic normal and tangential force at the normal point of the rotor blade and the centrifugal force in the center of gravity of the rotor blade attack. Together with the aerodynamic moment this moment is introduced into the rotor blade connection. A suitable choice of the bearing point or a change in the rotor blade pivot can influence the moment. At the values just described, the loads are low.

[30] As a result, the mechanical loads on the rotor blade are reduced, so far material can be saved and the rotor blades are co stengünstiger.

[31] An eighth aspect of the invention, which is also independently inventive, relates to a rotor for a vertical axis wind turbine.

[32] Advantageously, the suction side of a profile is located on the inside of a rotor, a pressure side of a profile on the outside of a rotor.

[33] It is also advantageous if a rotor for a vertical axis wind energy installation has retaining arms and a rotor blade, wherein two retaining arms belonging to a rotor blade have a connecting cross and the connecting cross is connected to the retaining arms via joints. The connecting cross increases stability, while the joints simultaneously prevent bending moments are transmitted between the individual components. [35] Advantageously, triangles are arranged on the retaining arms, which have an axial bore for connection to a shaft. Again, the connection between the triangle and the support arm can be done via a joint. In addition, the cross can be connected via joints with the triangles.

[36] Advantageously, when the elongate support structure has a Y-shape, the connection cross may be secured in the junction of the Y with the support arms. Since the radius with the third power enters into the moment of resistance, it is advantageous if the arms are sheathed over the length from the node point to the rotor blade with a shape which minimizes the drag coefficient as described above.

[37] The connecting cross may consist of a plurality of bars, with the bars which fix the upper holding arm being in the plural. The rods, which fix the upper holding arm, are loaded under pressure. Therefore, there is a risk of buckling. A reinforcement in the form of several rods, these forces can be better absorbed.

[38] A ninth independent inventive aspect of the invention relates to a rotor for a vertical axis wind turbine, wherein it has a pitch angle adjustment. [39] For vertical axis wind energy systems with pitch angle adjustment, the rotation of the rotor blades about the axis of rotation of the vertical axis wind energy systems is an oscillation of the rotor blades about a further axis of rotation each Rotor blade superimposed. The course of the adjustment angle is called the pitch angle curve. The pitch angle adjustment results in a variety of improvements.

[40] While systems with pitch angle adjustment are already in operation, the pitch angle adjustment proposed here is offset by optimizing the pitch curve as a function of geometry and operating point parameters. The geometry parameters are shown in FIG. 6 and are as follows:

• number of sheets b · solidity σ = - 2 * r

• Position of the rotor blade bearing x _d , y _d , x _d2 , y _d2 , r = y _d + y _d2

Twist angle δ d) as a function of the azimuth angle θ (T)

• Rotor blade contour

[41] The soundness σ describes the ratio (number of rotor blades b times the rotor blade depth c) / (diameter of the rotor). It is advantageous if the solidity is between 0.15 and 0.25, preferably 0.2.

[42] A tenth aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a holding arm having a longitudinally extending support structure, wherein sheets are cut in a first step, these are folded to form in a second step, in a third step, the cut and molded profile parts are pushed into one another and in a fourth step, the parts are positively connected with each other.

[43] The compound in the fourth step can be done by riveting.

[44] In a fifth step, a frame structure can be slid and fastened and in a sixth step, the frame structure is sheathed. The envelope may be a thin sheet. The shell or the sheet metal can also be fastened to the frame structure with rivets, in particular blind rivets. For this purpose, an undercut can be integrated for rivets. [45] According to an eleventh aspect of the invention, the above features are at least partially implemented in a wind turbine.

[46] The invention will be explained in more detail by means of an embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show here

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a vertical axis wind power plant;

FIG. 2 shows different rotor shapes for vertical axis wind energy plants,

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a profile shape with specification of the eleven parameters according to the PARSEC-11 parameterization by Prof. Dr. med. Sobieczky, 2 is a schematic representation of a rotor blade with two holding arms and a connection to a shaft in a side view (FIG. 4A) and in a plan view (FIG. 4B) indicating the geometric definitions for determining the points of application;

5A) as well as for a line load according to Multhopp (FIG. 5B), a schematic representation of a rotor blade with associated holding arms and the connection via a triangle in the top view, indicating the geometry parameters for pitch angle adjustment, a schematic Representation of a rotor of a wind turbine in a perspective view, a cross section (Figure 8A) and a longitudinal section (Figure 8B) in perspective view through the elongate support structure, a schematic representation of a section through the longitudinally extending support structure in the form of profiles with two different sectional planes, 10 shows a schematic representation of a cross section through a holding arm with a longitudinally extending holding structure and a transversely extending frame structure with a shell, FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of a frame component in a perspective view,

Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a support arm in a perspective view and with deferred frame structure and shell and Figure 13 is a schematic representation of the Haltearmkonstruktion a rotor with longitudinally extending support structure and deferred frame structure with shell.

The vertical axis wind turbine 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a rotor 2 and a tower 3, on which the rotor 2 is mounted. The rotor 2 is formed by holding arms such as holding arm 4 and rotor blades such as rotor blade 5. By the rotor 2 of the air kinetic energy is withdrawn and transmitted to a shaft 6 as mechanical energy. In this case, mechanical energy is transferred from the rotor blades via the wing suspension in the form of the retaining ring. The vertical axis wind energy systems rotor shapes shown in FIG. 2 are an H rotor (FIG. 2A), a helical rotor (FIG. 2B), a curved rotor (FIG. 2C) and a classical Darrieus rotor (FIG. 2D).

[49] As shown above, the geometry parameters for parameterization according to PARSEC11 according to Prof. Dr. med. To take Sobieczky.

[50] In FIGS. 4A and 4B, the geometry parameters for determining the points of application of the holding arms can be found in each case. In addition, the structure of a subunit 11 of a rotor for a vertical axis wind power plant becomes clear here. The kinetic energy of the wind is removed via a rotor blade 12 of the air and then transmitted via retaining arms 13, 13 'and triangles 14, 14' on the shaft 15 in the form of mechanical energy. The holding arms 13 and 13 'are Y-shaped. The rotor blade 12 is connected via joints 16, 16 'to the support arms 13, 13' and via joints 17, 17 ', 17 "(not visible), 17"' with triangles 14, 14 ', which in turn with a shaft 15 in Connection stand. An additional stabilization experience the support arms via a connecting cross 18, consisting of rods 19, 20, 21. Here, a rod 20 fixed to the lower arm 13 ', whereas the two remaining rods 19, 21 fix the upper arm 13. [51] The rods 19, 20 and 21 of the connecting cross 18 are connected via joints 22, 22 'with the holding arms 13, 13' and on the joints 17, 17 ', 17 ", 17"' with the triangles 14, 14 ' connected. In this case, the connection is made with the support arms 13, 13 'in the node 23 of the Y. Together the connection between the shaft 15 and the rotor blade 12 is the rotor connection and can be subdivided into three main segments: the upper and the lower connection arm 13, 13 'and the connecting cross 18 in the middle. The two joints which connect the support arms to the rotor blade are arranged at a certain distance on the wing, corresponding to h _A / h _F = 0.229. In the chordwise direction, the holding arms are attached to the rotor blade at x _c = 0.45c.

[52] The profile geometry of a prototype successfully built rotor blade is determined by the following eleven parameters: r 0,051

% up 0.311

0,068

a ² -

Λ γ2 0.452

0,242

0, 147

d ² yi

1,964

d * low

ß 3,896

a 0.631

Ay _te 0.004

[53] In Figure 6, the identical structure to Figure 4A is shown, but specifying the geometry parameters for pitch angle adjustment. Here, the arrow 31 determines the direction of flow and the point 32 the fulcrum.

[54] For the bending moment curves in FIGS. 5A and 5B, Mb / Mbmax is plotted against z / h _F. FIG. 5A shows the constant area load for h _A / h _F = 0.25 and FIG. 5B shows a surface load after Multhopp for h- _A / h _F =

-0.5. The deviations of the bending moments in case of deviations from the optimal position can be seen here as described above.

[55] A rotor 41 (see FIG. 7) of a vertical axis wind power plant consists, for example, of three rotor blades 42, 42 ', 42 "which are each connected to two triangles 44, 44' via a rotor connection 43, 43 ', 43" that connect to a shaft (not shown). In this case, the connections 43, 43 ', 43 "each consist of two holding arms in the form of an upper holding arm 45, 46, 47 and a lower holding arm 45', 46 '(not visible) 47' An upper support arm 45, 46, 47 and a lower support arm 45 ', 46', 47 'are each connected via connecting crosses 48, 48', 48 ". These in turn each consist of rods 49, 49 ', 49 "for stabilizing the lower support arms 45', 46 ', 47' as well as the rods 50, 51, 50 ', 51', 50", 51 ", the upper Stabilize holding arms 45, 46, 47.

For the construction of the longitudinally extending support structure 61 as shown in Figures 8 and 9 recognizable U-profiles 62, 63, 64 are pushed into each other. These are each completed by profiles 65, 66, 67. Via holes 68 (numbered as an example), these can be connected to the rivets.

[57] In order to minimize the torque coefficient in the suspension, a holding arm assembly 71 is used as shown in FIG. Here, on a longitudinally extending support structure 72 consisting of profiles 73, 74, a mold 75 is applied, which has the following profile: r 0.100

X, up 0.306

y _up 0.157 ^ 0.880

dx ² up

x _low 0.306

Yiow 0.157

0.880

d * low

ß 17,852

a 0

yte 0

y _te 0.004

[58] The mold is formed by sliding ribs such as rib 76 onto the longitudinally extending support structure 72 and fixing them with rivets, such as rivets 77. The ribs, such as rib 76, are wrapped with a thin sheet 78, which in turn is fastened with rivets, such as 79. Such a sheath of Retaining arms takes place as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 on each of the Y-shaped holding arms 82, 82 ', 83, 83', 84, 84 'from the junction of the Y by application of the molds 85, 85', 86, 86 '. , 87, 87 '.

[59] A single frame member 91 as shown in Figure 11 has a recess 92 for a longitudinally extending support structure (not shown). In addition, numerous openings such as 93 for receiving blind rivets (not shown) are provided. Further provided is a circular opening 94, through which cables (not shown) can be guided.

Claims

Claims:

1. rotor blade for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage, characterized in that the profile of the rotor blade is designed according to a polynomial according to the PARSEC l parametrization, wherein the profile of the rotor blade at least seven, preferably eight, nine, ten or all of the following PARSEC-11 Parameter between 0.000 and 0.100, preferably between 0.005 and 0.080, more preferably between 0.005 and 0.050 x _up between 0.10 and 0.60, preferably between 0.20 and 0.50, particularly preferably between 0.25 and 0.45 y _up between 0.000 to 0.150, preferably between 0.000 to 0.135, particularly preferably from 0.050 to 0.120 between 0.0 to 2.0, preferably between 0.2 to 1.5, in particular

ders preferably from 0.4 to 1.3

iow between 0.10 to 0.60, preferably between 0.20 to 0.50, more preferably from 0.25 to 0.40 yiow between 0.00 to 0.15, preferably between 0.00 to 0.12 , more preferably from 0.04 to 0.12

"2 ° ^w between 0.0 to 2.0, preferably between 0.2 to 1.5, especially

ders preferably from 0.4 to 1.3 ß in degrees between 0 to 25, preferably between 0 to 20, more preferably from 0 to 18 in degrees between 0 to 25, preferably between 0 to 20, particularly prefers from 0 to 15 y _te between -0.3 to 0.3 , preferably between -0.15 to 0.15, more preferably from 0

Ay _te between 0 to 0.1, preferably between 0 to 0.01, more preferably of 0.004, wherein the profile at each point of its contour by a maximum of y _{up to} 15ths may deviate from the polynomial defined by PARSEC-11, preferably at most y _up 20ths or around y _up 50ths, with the profile particularly preferably following the polynomial exactly.

Holding arm for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage, characterized in that the holding arm has a longitudinally extending support structure, which is a hollow body whose wall thickness decreases in a range and the stiffness is reduced to the outside.

Holding arm according to claim 2, characterized in that the holding structure, in a region in which the wall thickness decreases, has a constant outer cross-section. Retaining arm according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the holding structure is constructed of a plurality of U-profiles, which are pushed into one another.

Holding arm for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage, in particular according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal extension support structure is wrapped with a mold and the profile of the shape according to the PARSEC1 1 parameterization at least seven, eight, nine, ten or preferably all eleven of the following Parameter between r 0 to 10, preferably from 0.022 to 0.1 10, more preferably from 0. 100 x _up from 0.268 to 0.420, preferably from 0.289 to 0.380, more preferably from 0.306 y _up from 0.151 to 0.191 , preferably between 0.154 to 0.172, more preferably 0.157 d ² y _uv

between 0.499 to 0.998, preferably between 0.740 to

OX _U p

0.998, more preferably 0.880

% from 0.268 to 0.420, preferably from 0.289 to 0.380, more preferably from 0.306, from 0.151 to 0.191, preferably from 0.154 to 0.172, most preferably from 0.157 d ² Viow between 0.499 to 0.998, preferably between 0.740 to dxfow

0.998, more preferably from 0.880 ß between 1, 183 to 19.946, preferably between 2.442 to 19.946, more preferably 17.852 a between 0 to 12, preferably from 0 to 6, more preferably from 0 y _te between -0.2 to 0 2, preferably between -0.1 to 0.1, more preferably from 0

Ay _te between 0 to 0.1, preferably between 0 to 0.01, particularly preferably of 0.004, wherein the profile of the shape at each point of its contour can deviate from the polynomial defined by PARSEC-11 by a maximum of y _up 15, preferably a maximum around y _up 20ths or around y _up 50ths, with the profile particularly preferably following the polynomial exactly.

Holding arm for a vertical axis wind energy plant, in particular according to claim 5, characterized in that a longitudinally extending support structure is wrapped with a mold and the shape is formed by a transversely extending frame structure and a shell.

Holding arm according to claim 6, characterized in that the frame structure has a longitudinal bore, which for the Recording of any supply and control lines can be used.

Rotor for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage with holding arms in particular according to one of claims 2 to 7 and a rotor blade in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of attack is in a range of -5 ° <d <0 °, preferably at d = -2.5 °.

9. rotor for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage with holding arms in particular according to one of claims 2 to 7 and a rotor blade in particular according to claim 1, in particular rotor according to claim 8, characterized in that the points of engagement of two holding arms on a rotor blade in the spanwise direction a distance between ^ 0 ^ 5-0.5 = 0.2071 <h _A / h _F <0.25, in particular of h _A / h _F = 0.229. 10. Rotor for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage with holding arms in particular according to one of claims 2 to 7 and a rotor blade in particular according to claim 1, in particular rotor according to claim 9, characterized in that the points of engagement of two holding arms on a rotor blade in chordwise direction a distance between 0.4c <x _c <0.5c, in particular of x _c - 0.45c.

1 1. Rotor for a Vertikalachswindenergieanlage with holding arms in particular according to one of claims 2 to 7 and a rotor blade in particular special according to claim 1, in particular rotor according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that two belonging to a rotor blade holding arms have a connecting cross and / or the connecting cross is connected via joints with the holding arms.

12. Rotor according to one of claims 9 to 1 1, characterized in that the connecting cross consists of a plurality of rods and the rods which fix the upper arm, are in the plurality.

13. Rotor according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that it has a pitch angle adjustment for adjusting the rotor blades, wherein the pitch adjustment can be made active or passive, wherein in the case of an active design in particular a servo-electric, a pneumatic and a hydraulic Ver - be considered.

14. A method for producing a support arm having a longitudinally extending support structure, in particular for producing a support arm according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that in a first step sheets are cut, in a second step, these are folded to form in one third step the cut and shaped profile parts are pushed together and in a fourth step, the parts are positively connected to each other.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that in a fifth step, a frame structure is pushed and fixed and in a sixth step, the frame structure is sheathed with a sheath

16. Vertikalachswindenergieanlage, comprising a rotor blade according to one of claims 1 and / or a holding arm according to one of claims 2 to 7 and / or a rotor according to one of claims 8 to 13.