WO2014042844A1 - Fluid deployment system for drilling and completion fluids - Google Patents
Fluid deployment system for drilling and completion fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014042844A1 WO2014042844A1 PCT/US2013/056333 US2013056333W WO2014042844A1 WO 2014042844 A1 WO2014042844 A1 WO 2014042844A1 US 2013056333 W US2013056333 W US 2013056333W WO 2014042844 A1 WO2014042844 A1 WO 2014042844A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- plunger assembly
- plunger
- fluid
- opening
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- DEQITUUQPICUMR-HJPBWRTMSA-N dihydroergocristine Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]2(O)O[C@](C(N21)=O)(NC(=O)[C@H]1CN(C)[C@H]2[C@@H](C=3C=CC=C4NC=C(C=34)C2)C1)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DEQITUUQPICUMR-HJPBWRTMSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 brines Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/794—With means for separating solid material from the fluid
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to subterranean drilling and completion operations and, more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying a mixture of viscous fluids.
- Drilling and completion operations play an important role when developing oil, gas or water wells or when mining for minerals and the like.
- Drilling fluids are commonly employed during the drilling operations and perform several important functions including, but not limited to, removing the cuttings from the well to the surface, controlling formation pressures, sealing permeable formations, minimizing formation damage, and cooling and lubricating the drill bit.
- steps may be taken to enhance well productivity and additional downhole equipment may be installed.
- LCM Lost Circulation Materials
- Some materials typically used as LCM include, but are not limited to, wood fiber, popped popcorn, straw, bark chips, ground cork, mica, ground and sized minerals and the like.
- a small to medium quantity of specialized fluid is sometimes referred to as a "pill.”
- Fluid compositions used in drilling and completions can be complex and can be classified as various types of pills.
- pills are LCM, barrier, sweeps, spacers, cleaners, push, wetting, and thermal insulation. These pills may contain viscosifiers, hard particles used for plugging and increasing density, gelled particles used for temporary plugging, suspension agents, gelling agents, buffers, corrosion inhibitors, emulsifiers, wetting agents, surfactants, solvents, salts, oils, water, brines, and biocides.
- Many pills are thixotropic and difficult to pump. Some pills form single gelled mass or large gelled clumps during storage that must be separated before pumping into the well bore. Some pills are pumped into the well bore without dilution while other pills are diluted and/or dispersed into a carrier fluid before pumping into the well bore.
- DHEC Derivatized Hydroxyethylcellulose
- HEC Hydroxyethylcellulose
- MAX SEALTM is an example of a product based on DHEC gelled particles that can be used to make a LCM pill that minimizes potential damage to the formation in the reservoir section.
- DHEC gelled particles and other fluids are typically transported and stored in ⁇ five gallon buckets until needed. Prior to their use down hole, these particles and fluids can be transferred from their containers into a rig slug pit or cement unit displacement tank and dispersed into a carrier fluid such as filtered brine. However, during transportation and storage, the gelled particles and viscous fluid may clump together and form a single gelled mass or large clumps of gelled masses. Frequently, agitation inside the slug pit or displacement tank is inadequate to break the mass of gelled particles apart.
- One current method utilized to break apart the gelled mass is to dump the gelled mass onto a shredder screen that is positioned on top of the displacement tank or slug pit and manually push the gelled mass through the shredder screen.
- manually pushing the gelled mass through the shedder screen may require considerable extra time, may introduce safety risks, and may not break all the gelled mass apart.
- the present disclosure relates generally to subterranean drilling and completion operations and, more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying a mixture of viscous fluid.
- the present disclosure is directed to an apparatus for building, transporting, storing, and deploying viscous fluids, comprising: a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet; a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet.
- the present disclosure is directed to a method for transporting and storing viscous fluids, comprising: providing a viscous fluid; providing a fluid container, wherein the fluid container comprise: a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet, a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet; and storing the viscous fluid in the fluid container.
- the present disclosure is directed to a method for transporting, storing and deploying viscous fluids, comprising: providing a viscous fluid; providing a fluid container, wherein the fluid container comprise: a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet, a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet; storing the viscous fluid in the fluid container; and passing the viscous fluid through the shredder screen by activating the plunger assembly.
- Figure 1 illustrates a disassembled apparatus, incorporating aspects of the present disclosure.
- Figure 2 illustrates an assembled apparatus, incorporating aspects of the present disclosure.
- Figure 3 illustrates a skid system
- the present disclosure relates generally to subterranean drilling and completion operations and, more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying a mixture of viscous fluid.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to horizontal, vertical, deviated, or otherwise nonlinear wellbores in any type of subterranean formation. Embodiments may be applicable to injection wells as well as production wells, including hydrocarbon wells.
- the present disclosure is directed to an apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying viscous fluids.
- the viscous fluids that may or may not contain hard particles and/or gelled particles.
- the viscous fluids may or may not be thixotropic in nature.
- the apparatus is capable of quickly deploying fluids such as LCM pills without pre-mixing.
- the apparatus can be mounted on a skid such that the entire system is certified for marine and/or ground transport allowing a pre-mixed pill to be transported, stored, and deployed from one container. After discharge of the pill, the empty skid mounted apparatus can be returned to a fluid blending site and re-filled with a pill.
- Figure 1 shows an example a disassembled apparatus 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure.
- the disassembled apparatus 100 may include a cylinder 110, a plunger stop ring 120, a plunger assembly 130, a dish head 140, and a strainer bowl 150.
- cylinder 110 may be of a metal construction.
- Cylinder 1 10 be certified to transport and store drilling fluids for downhole operations and may comply with all applicable codes and regulations.
- Cylinder 1 10 may be generally cylindrical, and may comprise a cylinder wall 1 1 1 that defines an inner chamber 1 12.
- Cylinder wall 1 11 may be fabricated to a specified roundness and may be polished to a smooth finish.
- the inner chamber 1 12 may be accessible through at least one opening 113 at the bottom of cylinder 110 and one opening 1 14 at the top of cylinder 1 10.
- opening 1 14 may be a full bore opening.
- opening 1 13 may be a discharge outlet.
- the full bore opening may allow the insertion of fluid composition into inner chamber 1 12.
- the full bore opening may allow for the insertion of plunger assembly 130 into the cylinder 1 10.
- the full bore opening may be sealed using dish head 140 that may removably engageable with cylinder 110.
- Cylinder 110 may further comprise a strainer element 1 15.
- strainer element 1 15 may comprise a shredder screen.
- cylinder 1 10 may further comprise one or more vents 116 and one or more pressure gauges 117.
- the cylinder 1 10 may further comprise one or more flanges 1 18 for assembly.
- cylinder 1 10 may further comprise plunger stop ring 120.
- Plunger stop ring 120 may be installed into cylinder 1 10 and welded into place. Once assembled, plunger stop ring 120 may prevent plunger assembly 130 from extending to the discharge end of cylinder 1 10.
- plunger assembly 130 may comprise cable pull eye 131 , a machined groove 132 containing a seal ring 135, a pressure equalization port 133, and a screw plug 134.
- pressure equalization port 133 may be manually opened and then closed wherein refilling the apparatus by use of a screw plug.
- pressure equalization port 133 is only opened when installing the plunger back into the cylinder on top of the pill.
- Plunger assembly 130 may be fabricated to a specified roundness and diameter. In certain embodiments, plunger assembly 130 may have the same roundness and slightly less diameter than the cylinder wall 1 1 1. Plunger assembly 130 may have a slip fit tolerance with cylinder wall 1 1 1 and an elastomeric, plastic, or piston seal ring on the surface that contacts cylinder wall 1 1 1 in order to prevent pill from by-passing the plunger assembly 130 as the plunger forces the pill out of cylinder 1 10. The discharge side of plunger assembly 130 may have a convex shape that allows for a more complete discharge of pill from the cylinder 1 10.
- Plunger assembly 130 may be driven with a pressurized gas or a liquid displacing a pill into a drilling rig vessel, pit, or directly into a wellbore.
- the apparatus can be designed for low or medium pressure applications, such as transfers to pits or vessels, or for high pressure applications, such as a direct transfer into the wellbore.
- the plunger assembly 130 Upon activation, the plunger assembly 130 is designed to displace the pill out of the apparatus with very little by-pass across the seal ring 135 and deploy the pill to the desired pit or vessel.
- the plunger assembly 130 is designed to allow disassembly, refill, and reassembly. Once the reassembly step is completed, the apparatus is ready to deploy another pill.
- dish head 140 may comprise flange 141, one or more pressure detection devices 142, propellant port 143, lift eye 144, one or more pressure gauges 145, and one or more vents 146. Dish head 140 and the entire apparatus may be of a metal construction and certified to meet a specified operating pressure.
- dish head 140 may be a removable lid. The removable lid may be sealed to the cylinder 1 10 by the use of a flange connection, a screw connection, a clamped connection, or a welded connection. The removable lid provides access to the cylinder 1 10 and allows for plunger assembly 130 to be removed, cylinder 110 to be charged with a pill, and plunger assembly 130 to be re-installed. The removable lid may are may not be a dished head and may or may not be attached to the container with a hinge.
- strainer bowl 150 may comprise flange 151 and discharge port 152.
- Strainer bowl 150 may be of a metal construction.
- a shredder screen may be needed in or just below the discharge port in order to break gelled clumps up before reaching transfer lines.
- the shredder screen may be comprised of a course grid or a course strainer that is designed to break large gelled clumps into smaller clumps as the pill is extruded through the shredder.
- the detailed specifications of the shredder element may be set to eliminate gelled clumps of excessive size while minimizing the pressure drop across the element.
- the shredder screen may be mounted near discharge outlet.
- the apparatus may further include instrumentation for safe and reliable operations, such as pressure gauges, plunger position sensors, vacuum and pressure relief devices, propellant flow indicators, propellant flow totalizers, and instrument mounting and control panel boards.
- instrumentation for safe and reliable operations such as pressure gauges, plunger position sensors, vacuum and pressure relief devices, propellant flow indicators, propellant flow totalizers, and instrument mounting and control panel boards.
- Figure 2 shows an example of an assembled fluid deployment system 200.
- plunger assembly 130 may be inserted inside cylinder 1 10 such that a pill 210 is on the discharge side of the plunger assembly 130.
- propellant may be introduced into propellant port 143 such that a pressure differential is created across plunger assembly 130 causing the plunger assembly 130 to push pill 210 out of cylinder 1 10.
- Seal ring 135 mounted in machine groove 132 contacts cylinder wall 1 1 1 and prevents pill 210 from by-passing plunger assembly 130.
- Suitable propellant fluids may include gaseous propellants such as compressed air, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide or liquid state propellants such as water, hydraulic fluids, completion fluids, or drilling fluids.
- gaseous propellants such as compressed air, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide
- liquid state propellants such as water, hydraulic fluids, completion fluids, or drilling fluids.
- suitable operating pressures for gaseous and liquid state propellants may be from 30 to about 120 psi. In other embodiments, suitable operating pressures for gaseous and liquid state propellants may be from 30 to about 5000 psi or higher.
- propellant Upon activation, propellant enters the apparatus under pressure through propellant port 143 and causes plunger assembly 130 to move against pill 210 resulting in pill 210 being transferred out of cylinder 1 10 through strainer 1 15 and out opening 113 into a receiving vessel, pit, or wellbore. The propellant continues to move plunger assembly 130 until plunger assembly 130 contacts stop ring 120 near opening 113.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the skid frame 300 with protective cage for housing an assembled fluid deployment system.
- the apparatus may be skid mounted for safe handling, transport, and storage.
- Skid frame 300 may comprise cage 310, one or more skid lift eyes 320, a ladder 330, and one or more fork truck lift slots 340.
- the use of a skid mounted apparatus may simplify the supply chain for special pills, simplifies operations at the drilling rig site, improves safety at the rig site, and eliminates the need to clean and dispose of numerous empty ⁇ 5 gallon plastic buckets as well as pallet wrap and other packaging materials.
- an assembled apparatus as discussed herein may be used to store a pill.
- the apparatus may be disassembled, filled with pill, and reassembled as follows.
- Flange bolts and nuts attaching the dish head to the cylinder may be removed.
- a cable assembly may be attached to lift eye of the dish head and the dish head may be lifted off of the cylinder.
- the discharge port may be opened to allow for equalization of pressure across plunger assembly.
- a cable assembly may be attached to cable pull eye of the plunger assembly, and the plunger assembly may be removed from the cylinder.
- the plunger assembly may be inspected and cleaned and the plunger seal may be replaced as needed.
- the interior of the cylinder may be cleaned and inspected and polished as needed.
- the discharge port may then be closed and a pill may be transferred into the cylinder to a desired level.
- the pressure equalization port of the plunger assembly may then be opened and the plunger assembly may be slid into the cylinder until the plunger assembly is on top of the pill.
- the pressure equalization port may then be closed by screwing in the plug.
- the dish head may be repositioned on top of the cylinder and sealed to the cylinder with flange bolts and nuts.
- the instrumentation on the skid mounted apparatus can then be checked and the apparatus may be labeled to meet all transport requirements.
- an assembled apparatus containing a stored pill may be used to discharge the pill as follows.
- the receiving vessel, pit, or wellbore and fluid transfer lines may be checked to ensure they are ready to make the transfer.
- the plunger may be checked to confirm that the plunger assembly is in the loaded position ready to make the transfer.
- the propellant port may be opened to confirm that acceptable operating pressures may be reached inside the container.
- the discharge port may then be opened to allow the pill to flow into the desired receiving vessel.
- the propellant port may be closed once the desired quantity of pill is transferred or the plunger reaches the travel stop ring.
- the discharge port may then be closed.
- the container vent ports may then be opened to bleed off all pressure from the container.
- the container may be attached to another loaded apparatus and repeat the process until the desired quantity of pill is transferred.
- the empty apparatus may then be tagged and stored until return shipment is possible.
Abstract
An apparatus for building, transporting, storing, and deploying viscous fluids, comprising: a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet; a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet.
Description
FLUID DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM FOR DRILLING AND COMPLETION FLUIDS
BACKGROUND
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to subterranean drilling and completion operations and, more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying a mixture of viscous fluids.
[0002] Drilling and completion operations play an important role when developing oil, gas or water wells or when mining for minerals and the like. During drilling operations, a drill bit passes through various layers of earth strata as it descends to a desired depth. Drilling fluids are commonly employed during the drilling operations and perform several important functions including, but not limited to, removing the cuttings from the well to the surface, controlling formation pressures, sealing permeable formations, minimizing formation damage, and cooling and lubricating the drill bit. When drilling in the reservoir, it can be important to use special fluids that minimize damage to the formation. During completion operations, steps may be taken to enhance well productivity and additional downhole equipment may be installed.
[0003] When the drill bit passes through porous, fractured or vugular strata such as sand, gravel, shale, limestone and the like, the hydrostatic pressure caused by the vertical column of the drilling fluid exceeds the ability of the surrounding earth formation to support this pressure. During completion operations, communication with the surrounding formation occurs immediately during an open hole completion and after the perforation step for a cased well completion. Once there is communication between the well bore and the formation, the hydrostatic pressure caused by the completion fluid exceeds the ability of the surrounding earth formation to support this pressure. Consequently, some drilling or completion fluid is lost to the formation and fails to return to the surface. This loss may be any fraction up to a complete loss of the total circulating drilling or completion fluid volume. This condition is generally known in the art as "Lost Circulation." Failure to control Lost Circulation increases drilling cost and completion cost and can damage formation production capabilities.
[0004] The general practice is to add any number of materials to the drilling fluid which act to reduce or prevent the outward flow of the drilling fluid in a porous and or fractured stratum by sealing pores or cracks, thereby reducing or preventing Lost Circulation. The materials used in this process are commonly referred to as Lost Circulation Materials ("LCM") and may be some mixture of hard particles, gelled particles, and/or viscous fluids. Some materials typically used as LCM include, but are not limited to, wood fiber, popped popcorn,
straw, bark chips, ground cork, mica, ground and sized minerals and the like. A small to medium quantity of specialized fluid is sometimes referred to as a "pill."
[0005] Fluid compositions used in drilling and completions can be complex and can be classified as various types of pills. Some examples of pills are LCM, barrier, sweeps, spacers, cleaners, push, wetting, and thermal insulation. These pills may contain viscosifiers, hard particles used for plugging and increasing density, gelled particles used for temporary plugging, suspension agents, gelling agents, buffers, corrosion inhibitors, emulsifiers, wetting agents, surfactants, solvents, salts, oils, water, brines, and biocides. Many pills are thixotropic and difficult to pump. Some pills form single gelled mass or large gelled clumps during storage that must be separated before pumping into the well bore. Some pills are pumped into the well bore without dilution while other pills are diluted and/or dispersed into a carrier fluid before pumping into the well bore.
[0006] For some LCM pills used in the reservoir section, the only particles used are gelled polymeric particles that can be quickly broken down by exposure to acidity before production is initiated. Derivatized Hydroxyethylcellulose ("DHEC") and
Hydroxyethylcellulose ("HEC") are examples of polymers used in LCM pills. Depending on the extent of cross linking, DHEC and HEC can be used to form gelled particles and to increase the viscosity of the carrier fluid. The Halliburton product called MAX SEAL™ is an example of a product based on DHEC gelled particles that can be used to make a LCM pill that minimizes potential damage to the formation in the reservoir section.
[0007] These DHEC gelled particles and other fluids are typically transported and stored in ~five gallon buckets until needed. Prior to their use down hole, these particles and fluids can be transferred from their containers into a rig slug pit or cement unit displacement tank and dispersed into a carrier fluid such as filtered brine. However, during transportation and storage, the gelled particles and viscous fluid may clump together and form a single gelled mass or large clumps of gelled masses. Frequently, agitation inside the slug pit or displacement tank is inadequate to break the mass of gelled particles apart.
[0008] One current method utilized to break apart the gelled mass is to dump the gelled mass onto a shredder screen that is positioned on top of the displacement tank or slug pit and manually push the gelled mass through the shredder screen. However, manually pushing the gelled mass through the shedder screen may require considerable extra time, may introduce safety risks, and may not break all the gelled mass apart.
[0009] It is desirable to provide a system to transport, store, and deploy special viscous fluids that simplifies operations and totally eliminates the need to manually lift and pour
product from buckets and may also eliminate the need to manually reduce the size of gelled clumps before transferring to a receiving vessel or directly into a wellbore. It is also desirable to avoid auxiliary equipment such as special pumps for very high viscosity fluids and to avoid the need for the drilling rig to provide electrical power. In many cases, it is also desirable to transfer special viscous fluids directly into a wellbore and avoid the need of rigs pits, vessels, manifold systems, and high pressure rig pumps to deliver the viscous fluid into the wellbore. It is also advantageous to avoid cleaning and then disposing of numerous empty buckets as well as pallet wrap and other packaging materials.
SUMMARY
[0010] The present disclosure relates generally to subterranean drilling and completion operations and, more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying a mixture of viscous fluid.
[001 1] In one exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to an apparatus for building, transporting, storing, and deploying viscous fluids, comprising: a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet; a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet.
[0012] In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method for transporting and storing viscous fluids, comprising: providing a viscous fluid; providing a fluid container, wherein the fluid container comprise: a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet, a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet; and storing the viscous fluid in the fluid container.
[0013] In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method for transporting, storing and deploying viscous fluids, comprising: providing a viscous fluid; providing a fluid container, wherein the fluid container comprise: a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet, a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet; storing the viscous fluid in the fluid container; and passing the viscous fluid through the shredder screen by activating the plunger assembly.
[0014] The features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the preferred embodiments which follows when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. While numerous changes may be made by those skilled in the art, such changes are within the spirit of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] These drawings illustrate certain aspects of some of the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit or define the invention.
[0016] Figure 1 illustrates a disassembled apparatus, incorporating aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] Figure 2 illustrates an assembled apparatus, incorporating aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] Figure 3 illustrates a skid system.
[0019] While embodiments of this disclosure have been depicted and described and are defined by reference to example embodiments of the disclosure, such references do not imply a limitation on the disclosure, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The subject matter disclosed is capable of considerable modification, alteration, and equivalents in form and function, as will occur to those skilled in the pertinent art and having the benefit of this disclosure. The depicted and described embodiments of this disclosure are examples only, and not exhaustive of the scope of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The present disclosure relates generally to subterranean drilling and completion operations and, more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying a mixture of viscous fluid.
[0021] Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail herein. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation may be described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made to achieve the specific implementation goals, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure.
[0022] To facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure, the following examples of certain embodiments are given. In no way should the following examples be read to limit, or define, the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to horizontal, vertical, deviated, or otherwise nonlinear wellbores in any type of subterranean formation. Embodiments may be applicable to injection wells as well as production wells, including hydrocarbon wells.
[0023] The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus for transporting, storing, and deploying viscous fluids. The viscous fluids that may or may not contain hard particles and/or gelled particles. The viscous fluids may or may not be thixotropic in nature.
[0024] In certain embodiments, the apparatus is capable of quickly deploying fluids such as LCM pills without pre-mixing. The apparatus can be mounted on a skid such that the entire system is certified for marine and/or ground transport allowing a pre-mixed pill to be transported, stored, and deployed from one container. After discharge of the pill, the empty skid mounted apparatus can be returned to a fluid blending site and re-filled with a pill.
[0025] Figure 1 shows an example a disassembled apparatus 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure. The disassembled apparatus 100 may include a cylinder 110, a plunger stop ring 120, a plunger assembly 130, a dish head 140, and a strainer bowl 150.
[0026] In certain embodiments, cylinder 110 may be of a metal construction. Cylinder 1 10 be certified to transport and store drilling fluids for downhole operations and may comply with all applicable codes and regulations. Cylinder 1 10 may be generally cylindrical, and may comprise a cylinder wall 1 1 1 that defines an inner chamber 1 12. Cylinder wall 1 11 may be fabricated to a specified roundness and may be polished to a smooth finish. The inner
chamber 1 12 may be accessible through at least one opening 113 at the bottom of cylinder 110 and one opening 1 14 at the top of cylinder 1 10. In certain embodiments, opening 1 14 may be a full bore opening. In certain embodiments, opening 1 13 may be a discharge outlet. In certain embodiments, the full bore opening may allow the insertion of fluid composition into inner chamber 1 12. In certain embodiments, the full bore opening may allow for the insertion of plunger assembly 130 into the cylinder 1 10. The full bore opening may be sealed using dish head 140 that may removably engageable with cylinder 110.
[0027] Cylinder 110 may further comprise a strainer element 1 15. In certain embodiments, strainer element 1 15 may comprise a shredder screen. In certain embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 , cylinder 1 10 may further comprise one or more vents 116 and one or more pressure gauges 117. In certain embodiments, the cylinder 1 10 may further comprise one or more flanges 1 18 for assembly.
[0028] In certain embodiments, cylinder 1 10 may further comprise plunger stop ring 120. Plunger stop ring 120 may be installed into cylinder 1 10 and welded into place. Once assembled, plunger stop ring 120 may prevent plunger assembly 130 from extending to the discharge end of cylinder 1 10.
[0029] In certain embodiments, plunger assembly 130 may comprise cable pull eye 131 , a machined groove 132 containing a seal ring 135, a pressure equalization port 133, and a screw plug 134. In certain embodiments, pressure equalization port 133 may be manually opened and then closed wherein refilling the apparatus by use of a screw plug. In certain embodiments, pressure equalization port 133 is only opened when installing the plunger back into the cylinder on top of the pill.
[0030] Plunger assembly 130 may be fabricated to a specified roundness and diameter. In certain embodiments, plunger assembly 130 may have the same roundness and slightly less diameter than the cylinder wall 1 1 1. Plunger assembly 130 may have a slip fit tolerance with cylinder wall 1 1 1 and an elastomeric, plastic, or piston seal ring on the surface that contacts cylinder wall 1 1 1 in order to prevent pill from by-passing the plunger assembly 130 as the plunger forces the pill out of cylinder 1 10. The discharge side of plunger assembly 130 may have a convex shape that allows for a more complete discharge of pill from the cylinder 1 10. Plunger assembly 130 may be driven with a pressurized gas or a liquid displacing a pill into a drilling rig vessel, pit, or directly into a wellbore. The apparatus can be designed for low or medium pressure applications, such as transfers to pits or vessels, or for high pressure applications, such as a direct transfer into the wellbore. Upon activation, the plunger assembly 130 is designed to displace the pill out of the apparatus with very little by-pass across the seal
ring 135 and deploy the pill to the desired pit or vessel. After deployment, the plunger assembly 130 is designed to allow disassembly, refill, and reassembly. Once the reassembly step is completed, the apparatus is ready to deploy another pill.
[0031] In certain embodiments, dish head 140 may comprise flange 141, one or more pressure detection devices 142, propellant port 143, lift eye 144, one or more pressure gauges 145, and one or more vents 146. Dish head 140 and the entire apparatus may be of a metal construction and certified to meet a specified operating pressure. In certain embodiments, dish head 140 may be a removable lid. The removable lid may be sealed to the cylinder 1 10 by the use of a flange connection, a screw connection, a clamped connection, or a welded connection. The removable lid provides access to the cylinder 1 10 and allows for plunger assembly 130 to be removed, cylinder 110 to be charged with a pill, and plunger assembly 130 to be re-installed. The removable lid may are may not be a dished head and may or may not be attached to the container with a hinge.
[0032] In certain embodiments, strainer bowl 150 may comprise flange 151 and discharge port 152. Strainer bowl 150 may be of a metal construction. For some pills, a shredder screen may be needed in or just below the discharge port in order to break gelled clumps up before reaching transfer lines. The shredder screen may be comprised of a course grid or a course strainer that is designed to break large gelled clumps into smaller clumps as the pill is extruded through the shredder. The detailed specifications of the shredder element may be set to eliminate gelled clumps of excessive size while minimizing the pressure drop across the element. For easy access and inspection, the shredder screen may be mounted near discharge outlet.
[0033] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include instrumentation for safe and reliable operations, such as pressure gauges, plunger position sensors, vacuum and pressure relief devices, propellant flow indicators, propellant flow totalizers, and instrument mounting and control panel boards.
[0034] Figure 2 shows an example of an assembled fluid deployment system 200. As can be seen by Figure 2, plunger assembly 130 may be inserted inside cylinder 1 10 such that a pill 210 is on the discharge side of the plunger assembly 130. Once pill 210 and plunger assembly 130 are installed in the cylinder 110, propellant may be introduced into propellant port 143 such that a pressure differential is created across plunger assembly 130 causing the plunger assembly 130 to push pill 210 out of cylinder 1 10. Seal ring 135 mounted in machine groove 132 contacts cylinder wall 1 1 1 and prevents pill 210 from by-passing plunger assembly 130. Suitable propellant fluids may include gaseous propellants such as compressed air, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide or liquid state propellants such as water, hydraulic fluids, completion fluids, or
drilling fluids. In certain embodiments, suitable operating pressures for gaseous and liquid state propellants may be from 30 to about 120 psi. In other embodiments, suitable operating pressures for gaseous and liquid state propellants may be from 30 to about 5000 psi or higher.
[0035] Upon activation, propellant enters the apparatus under pressure through propellant port 143 and causes plunger assembly 130 to move against pill 210 resulting in pill 210 being transferred out of cylinder 1 10 through strainer 1 15 and out opening 113 into a receiving vessel, pit, or wellbore. The propellant continues to move plunger assembly 130 until plunger assembly 130 contacts stop ring 120 near opening 113.
[0036] Referring now to Figure 3, Figure 3 shows an example of the skid frame 300 with protective cage for housing an assembled fluid deployment system. The apparatus may be skid mounted for safe handling, transport, and storage. Skid frame 300 may comprise cage 310, one or more skid lift eyes 320, a ladder 330, and one or more fork truck lift slots 340. The use of a skid mounted apparatus may simplify the supply chain for special pills, simplifies operations at the drilling rig site, improves safety at the rig site, and eliminates the need to clean and dispose of numerous empty ~5 gallon plastic buckets as well as pallet wrap and other packaging materials.
[0037] In certain embodiments, an assembled apparatus as discussed herein may be used to store a pill. The apparatus may be disassembled, filled with pill, and reassembled as follows. Flange bolts and nuts attaching the dish head to the cylinder may be removed. A cable assembly may be attached to lift eye of the dish head and the dish head may be lifted off of the cylinder. The discharge port may be opened to allow for equalization of pressure across plunger assembly. A cable assembly may be attached to cable pull eye of the plunger assembly, and the plunger assembly may be removed from the cylinder. The plunger assembly may be inspected and cleaned and the plunger seal may be replaced as needed. The interior of the cylinder may be cleaned and inspected and polished as needed. The discharge port may then be closed and a pill may be transferred into the cylinder to a desired level. The pressure equalization port of the plunger assembly may then be opened and the plunger assembly may be slid into the cylinder until the plunger assembly is on top of the pill. The pressure equalization port may then be closed by screwing in the plug. The dish head may be repositioned on top of the cylinder and sealed to the cylinder with flange bolts and nuts. The instrumentation on the skid mounted apparatus can then be checked and the apparatus may be labeled to meet all transport requirements.
[0038] In certain embodiments, an assembled apparatus containing a stored pill may be used to discharge the pill as follows. The receiving vessel, pit, or wellbore and fluid
transfer lines may be checked to ensure they are ready to make the transfer. The plunger may be checked to confirm that the plunger assembly is in the loaded position ready to make the transfer. The propellant port may be opened to confirm that acceptable operating pressures may be reached inside the container. The discharge port may then be opened to allow the pill to flow into the desired receiving vessel. The propellant port may be closed once the desired quantity of pill is transferred or the plunger reaches the travel stop ring. The discharge port may then be closed. The container vent ports may then be opened to bleed off all pressure from the container. Optionally, the container may be attached to another loaded apparatus and repeat the process until the desired quantity of pill is transferred. The empty apparatus may then be tagged and stored until return shipment is possible.
[0039] Therefore, the present disclosure is well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present disclosure may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. The indefinite articles "a" or "an," as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that it introduces.
Claims
1. An apparatus for building, transporting, storing, and deploying viscous fluids, comprising:
a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet; a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and
a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cylinder comprises a cylinder wall that defines an inner chamber.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a seal ring in contact with the cylinder wall.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a propellant port that defines a first opening within the plunger assembly.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a discharge side having a convex shape.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cylinder comprises a plunger stop ring mounted within the cylinder.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a pressure equalization port that defines a second opening within the plunger assembly.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a lid removably engageable with the cylinder.
9. A method for transporting and storing viscous fluids, comprising:
providing a viscous fluid;
providing a fluid container, wherein the fluid container comprises:
a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet;
a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet;
storing the viscous fluid in the fluid container.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cylinder comprises a cylinder wall that defines an inner chamber.
1 1. The method of claim 10, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a seal ring in contact with the cylinder wall.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a propellant port that defines a first opening within the plunger assembly.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a discharge side having a convex shape.
14. The method of claim 9, wherein the cylinder comprises a plunger stop ring mounted within the cylinder.
15. The method of claim 9, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a pressure equalization port that defines a second opening within the plunger assembly.
16. The method of claim 9 further comprising a lid removably engageable with the cylinder.
17. A method for transporting, storing and deploying viscous fluids, comprising: providing a viscous fluid;
providing a fluid container, wherein the fluid container comprises:
a cylinder comprising a full bore opening and a discharge outlet;
a plunger assembly mounted within the cylinder; and a shredder screen mounted within the discharge outlet;
storing the viscous fluid in the fluid container; and
passing the viscous fluid through the shredder screen by activating the plunger.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a propellant port that defines a first opening within the plunger assembly.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the plunger is activated by introducing a propellant into the propellant port.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the plunger assembly comprises a seal ring in contact with the cylinder wall.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2013315997A AU2013315997A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2013-08-23 | Fluid deployment system for drilling and completion fluids |
EP13836580.4A EP2895680B1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2013-08-23 | Fluid deployment system for drilling and completion fluids |
CA 2881907 CA2881907A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2013-08-23 | Fluid deployment system for drilling and completion fluids |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/614,053 US20140069505A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2012-09-13 | Fluid deployment system for drilling and completion fluids |
US13/614,053 | 2012-09-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2014042844A1 true WO2014042844A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2013/056333 WO2014042844A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2013-08-23 | Fluid deployment system for drilling and completion fluids |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US20140069505A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2895680B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2013315997A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2881907A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014042844A1 (en) |
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CN112659047B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-05-18 | 西南石油大学 | PDC drill bit kit |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2013315997A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
EP2895680A1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
US20140069505A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
CA2881907A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
EP2895680A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
EP2895680B1 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
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