WO2013145002A1

WO2013145002A1 - Power storage system and power storage method

Info

Publication number: WO2013145002A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/002133
Authority: WO
Inventors: 難波　茂昭; 加藤　陽一; 康人田原; 宮川　純一
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2012-03-28
Filing date: 2012-03-28
Publication date: 2013-10-03
Also published as: JPWO2013145002A1; JP5696231B2

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power storage system and a power storage method, wherein electrostatic energy is accumulated using electric potential gradient in the atmosphere. In order to solve the abovementioned problem, a power storage system is characterized in comprising: a charged plate that is charged with electric charges due to the potential difference between the installed position of the charged plate and a grounding point; a capacitor that is electrically connected to the charged plate, and that moves and accumulates the electric charges charged on the charged plate; switches that are provided between the charged plate and the capacitor, and that are provided so as to be capable of cutting off the electrical connection between the charged plate and the capacitor; a plate voltage calculation unit that obtains the voltage of the charged plate, or the amount of electric charges charged on the charged plate; and a control unit that carries out open/close control of the switches in accordance with the voltage of the charged plate or the amount of electric charges charged on the charged plate obtained by the plate voltage calculation unit, and moves the electric charges charged on the charged plate to the capacitor.

Description

Power storage system and power storage method

The present invention relates to a power storage system and a power storage method, and more particularly to a power storage system and a method for storing electrostatic energy using a potential gradient generated in the atmosphere.

In the atmosphere, there is a potential gradient of about 500V to 1000V per meter when it is fine. Also, in the case of thunderstorms, etc., it is thought that the energy of discharge during lightning strikes is stored in space as the thundercloud grows, but the estimated energy during lightning strikes is 100 million volts, An approximate numerical value of about 30,000 amperes has been reported in terms of current. If the distance between the ground and the portion where charges exist on the bottom of the thundercloud is 5000 m, the electric field strength will be 20,000 volts / meter.

Here, as a technique for using the electric field strength at the time of thundercloud generation, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a charge is accumulated in a capacitor according to an electric field in the atmosphere accompanying thundercloud generation, and a midpoint potential of the capacitor is obtained. A technique for measuring the position and the amount of charge is described.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-304950

Recently, the expansion of the use of renewable energy has become an urgent task from the viewpoint of ensuring energy security and reducing the global environmental load. Among them, there are many non-depleting energy sources such as sunlight, solar heat, wind power, geothermal, ocean tide, ocean current, ocean wave power, etc. It is being advanced.

Here, as described above, there is a high potential gradient in the atmosphere, and it is considered that high energy is accumulated in the atmospheric space due to the change in electric field strength, especially before and after the occurrence of thunderclouds. Until then, the energy was only used for thundercloud observation.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a power storage system and a power storage method for storing electrostatic energy using a potential gradient in the atmosphere.

In order to solve the above problems, for example, the configuration described in the claims is adopted.
The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-described problems. To give an example, a band electrode plate that charges a charge according to a potential difference between an installation position and a grounding point, and is electrically connected to the band electrode plate. A capacitor that moves the electric charge charged in the band electrode plate and accumulates the electric charge, and a switch provided between the band electrode plate and the capacitor, between the band electrode plate and the capacitor. A switch provided so as to be able to cut off the electrical connection, a voltage of the strip electrode plate, or a plate plate voltage calculation unit for obtaining an amount of electric charge charged to the strip electrode plate, and a plate plate voltage calculation unit A control unit that controls opening and closing of the switch according to the voltage of the band electrode plate or the amount of electric charge of the band electrode plate, and moves the electric charge charged on the band electrode plate to the capacitor. It is characterized by.

According to the present invention, electric charges can be accumulated using a potential gradient existing in the atmosphere, and the accumulated electric charges can be accumulated in a capacitor or a storage battery as electrostatic energy.

It is an example of an atmospheric electric field electrical storage system. It is a conceptual diagram explaining that an electric charge is accumulate | stored in a capacitor | condenser at the time of thundercloud proximity. This is a virtual equivalent circuit representation of charge separation due to an updraft in the atmosphere. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control unit 110 of the atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100. FIG. It is a figure which shows the 2nd Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 3rd Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows a basic function when dielectric elastomer type EAP or EPAM is used for the outdoor electrode plate. It is a figure which shows the 4th Example of this invention.

Hereinafter, examples will be described with reference to the drawings.

As mentioned above, the potential gradient in the atmosphere increases especially when thunderclouds occur. Here, thundercloud formation is a natural phenomenon and cannot usually be controlled artificially, but it is probabilistically almost everywhere, depending on the region, the frequency of each year, the frequency of each season, and the time of day. There is definitely an invasion. Thunderclouds are associated with the updraft phenomenon of the atmosphere, and it is thought that damage caused by electric shock, such as human livestock damage, house fires, equipment destruction, etc., is significant when subjected to lightning strikes in the vicinity.

Thunderclouds can be predicted roughly in advance due to the development of meteorology, even if the occurrence time and duration cannot be deterministically predicted. In general, the annual frequency of each region and the secular trend of the frequency of each season are grasped. Therefore, the evaluation of the amount of power generation / storage at one station does not go out of the full year / outline, but it is almost certain that a certain amount of contribution can be expected. Therefore, it is also possible to supply power to the demand side while the energy in the atmosphere is not directly connected to the transmission / transformation system, but is once controlled and then controlled by the PCS.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining that electric charges are accumulated in the capacitor when the thundercloud is in proximity. FIG. 2 shows a case in which the lower surface side of the proximity thundercloud 201 is charged with a negative charge 202 and the upper surface is charged with a positive charge 203. Here, in the description of the charging of the capacitor 204, the comparison will be made in comparison with the lightning rod 205 provided at the highest position of a normal building or the like for comparison.

The lightning rod 205 is a metal stylus, and a metal conductor communicates with the ground, making it easy to construct a lightning strike circuit in the air space. Here, since the lower surface of the upper thundercloud 201 is charged with a negative charge, it is induced by a negative charge 202 at the bottom of the thundercloud 201, a positive charge accumulates on the ground, and the grounded lightning rod 205 also shows a positive charge.

On the other hand, the capacitor 204 is such that the earth-side electrode plate is grounded through the metal conductor. Since the ground state electrode plate (grounding side electrode plate) of the capacitor 204 is charged by the positive charge induced to the ground, the sky side electrode plate is charged by the anti-ground side charge, that is, the negative charge. . In this way, charges are accumulated in the capacitor 204 due to the approach of the thundercloud 201. Here, the electric charge accumulated in the upper electrode of the capacitor 204 is supplied from the air, or is supplied from the lower electrode of the capacitor 204 through an insulator sandwiched between the terminals of the capacitor. In this way, by providing the capacitor in the atmosphere and grounding one of the poles, it is possible to accumulate electric charges according to the electric field existing in the atmosphere.

In this embodiment, the negative charge is charged on the lower surface side of the thundercloud, but the lower surface side of the thundercloud may be positively charged. In this case, the charge accumulated in the capacitor is also inverted, and accordingly The present invention can be applied by accumulating the accumulated charges.

Fig. 3 is a virtual equivalent circuit representation of the separation of electric charges (plus and minus) due to the rising air current in the atmosphere and the earth electromotive force that is considered to be the cause of these separations as a variable electromotive force. According to the present invention, the electrostatic energy accumulated in the capacitor due to the increase in the electric field strength in the atmospheric space as described above is stored in a battery separately prepared as a kind of natural energy. As an example of the contents, as shown in Fig. 3, a large-capacity capacitor device that has been utilized in various places is regarded as a kind of short-term power supply, and a combination of equipment and storage battery that can be configured to make a complete electric circuit configuration It is a thing.

As shown in FIG. 3, when a thundercloud occurs, the thundercloud can be virtually regarded as a capacitor 301, and a positive charge is accumulated at the top of the thundercloud and a negative charge is accumulated at the bottom of the thundercloud. In addition, the air region below the thundercloud is regarded as the insulation resistance 302, and so far is not artificial, and is represented by a broken line. On the other hand, charges are accumulated on the outdoor (not electrostatically shielded) electrode plate 130 according to a potential gradient in the atmosphere, and the charges are transferred to a large-capacitance capacitor 140 electrically connected through a switch. In addition, the stored electric energy is moved to the storage battery 170 by a PCS (Power Conditioning System) 150, but the intention is to accumulate in the storage battery having a large total energy amount, thereby enabling the next stage operation on the capacitor side. Is.

Here, the large-capacitance capacitor 140 is assumed to be a lithium-ion capacitor, and the voltage control that puts the allowable voltage range of the input voltage during charging into the upper and lower limits is applied to the PCS 150 and the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160. This is a configuration to be implemented. That is, as the operation end of this voltage control, the internal power element group of the PCS 150 itself, the voltage dividing step-down control by the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160, or the height of the electrode part of the outdoor electrode plate 130 from the ground, the electric field direction, and the like. There are various types such as an angle (orientation), and a degree of insertion of a dielectric material sandwiched inside the outdoor electrode plate 130, but it is sufficient that the DC voltage can be controlled favorably, and there is no particular ordering.

Next, voltage control in the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160 will be described. The capacity of the capacitor, the electric charge, and the voltage between the electrode plates have a relationship as shown in Expression (1). Further, the charging current charged in the capacitor is represented by the time differentiation of the charge as shown in the equation (2).
Q = C * V (1)
(Q: charge, C: capacitance of capacitor, V: voltage between electrodes)
I = dQ / dt (2)
(Charging current I: Time derivative of charge)

Therefore, the charging characteristic of the capacitor that can control the charging current value is proportional to the time change rate of the terminal voltage of both electrodes, with the capacitance value being a proportionality constant, as shown in Equation (3). Therefore, a control operation for determining the charging current can be performed by intentionally adjusting the time change rate of the voltage.
I = dQ / dt = C * dV / dt (3)

That is, when the capacitor terminal voltage V in the DC circuit changes (fluctuates) from a certain value (V0) to a different value (V1), the elapsed time (Δt) is dV / dt = (V1−V0) / Δt The charging current value can be calculated. Accordingly, the electric current in the atmosphere itself naturally changes in weather, and thus the voltage change with time dV / dt occurs, so that a charging current is generated. At this time, if the range of the allowable applied voltage of the large-capacitance capacitor 140 is known in advance, the charging current value can be controlled by controlling the voltage applied to the large-capacity capacitor 140 by the entire voltage dividing circuit.

The control of the allowable applied voltage of the other large-capacitance capacitor 140 can be dealt with, for example, by changing the position of the outdoor electrode plate 130 in the electric field of the non-ground side terminal. In addition, since the electric field change in the atmosphere is the cause of voltage generation, the charge polarity of the earth may reverse positive and negative. In this case, the polarity is switched by polarity switching on the charging circuit side or by a control mechanism such as PCS. Allows combination with reverse operation control.

FIG. 1 is an example showing in detail the configuration of an atmospheric electric field energy storage system using an atmospheric electric field. The atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100 includes a grounded ground electrode plate, a grounded electrode plate and a non-grounded electrode plate provided as a counter electrode, and an outdoor electrode plate 130 that stores electric charges according to a potential in the atmosphere, and a grounding point. A current detector 120 that detects a current flowing between the ground electrode plate 130 and the ground electrode plate of the outdoor electrode plate 130, and a capacitor 140 that is provided indoors and is connected to the non-ground electrode plate of the outdoor electrode plate 130. , A storage battery 170 that stores the charge accumulated in the capacitor 140, a PCS (Power Conditioning System) 150 that adjusts the current and voltage when the charge of the capacitor 140 is sent to the storage battery 170, and a circuit between the capacitor 140 and the ground point A resistance voltage dividing circuit 160 for controlling a voltage applied to the capacitor 140, a plurality of

switches

181, 182, 183, 184, 185 for opening and closing a part of the circuit, A control unit 110 for performing power storage control of the gas-field power storage system 100, consisting of. In addition, with respect to the outdoor electrode plate 130, a dielectric is sandwiched between the ground-side electrode plate and the non-ground-side electrode plate, and only one capacitor 140 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, a capacitor in which a plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel or in series is virtually regarded as one capacitor 140 and is illustrated.

The control unit 110 also integrates the current detected by the current detector 120 by time integrating the PCS control unit 112 that controls the power conversion of the PCS 150, the switch control unit that controls the opening and closing of the switches 181 to 185, and the outdoor electrode plate 130. The electrode plate voltage calculation unit 114 for obtaining the amount of charge accumulated in the capacitor 140, the capacitor voltage measurement unit 115 for measuring the voltage applied to both ends of the capacitor 140, the electrode plate voltage calculation unit 114, and the capacitor voltage measurement unit 115 receive information. A capacitor voltage control unit 111 that controls the voltage applied to the capacitor 140 by changing the variable resistance of the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160. Further, the capacitor voltage control unit 111 outputs a control command to the PCS control unit 112 and the switch control unit 113 in addition to the control of the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160.

Next, the operation of the atmospheric electric field power storage system 100 according to this embodiment will be described. As described above, there is a potential gradient in the atmosphere. For example, high energy is accumulated in the atmospheric space due to a change in electric field strength before and after the occurrence of a thundercloud. At this time, the electric charge according to the electric field distribution in the atmosphere is accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 130.

When the electric charge is accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 130, the current detector 120 detects the electric charge moving between the ground plane and the outdoor electrode plate 130 as a current. The electrode plate voltage calculation unit 114 in the control unit 110 takes in the current value detected by the current detector 120 and integrates the current value to calculate the amount of electric charge currently accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate. Here, the capacity of the capacitor formed by the outdoor electrode plate 130 is stored in the control unit 110 in advance, and the electrode plate voltage calculation unit 114 calculates the voltage between the electrode plates of the outdoor electrode plate 130 from the capacitor capacity and the charge amount. Ask. In addition, you may comprise so that the voltage between electrode plates may be measured directly from the outdoor electrode plate 130 instead of an electric current detector.

The capacitor voltage control unit 111 sends the

switches

181 and 185 to the switch control unit 113 based on the voltage calculated by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit 114 and the voltage applied between the terminals of the capacitor 140 measured by the capacitor voltage measurement unit 115. Outputs an open / close control command. Specifically, when it is detected that no current flows after detecting the current flowing through the outdoor electrode plate 130, the

switches

181 and 185 are closed. In such a case, it is considered that the change in the potential gradient in the atmosphere is suppressed to some extent, and the electric charge corresponding to the potential gradient is accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 130 and is in a steady state. Then, by the switch control described above, a current flows so as to have the same potential as the capacitor 140 and the outdoor electrode plate, and the electric charge accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 130 can be transferred to the capacitor 140. The

switches

182, 183, and 184 are normally open.

Alternatively, the

switches

181 and 185 may be closed and controlled so that the charges accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 130 are sequentially transferred to the capacitor 140 before the steady state is obtained as described above. At this time, when the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor 140 becomes higher than the voltage between the plates of the outdoor electrode plate 130, the reverse flow of the charge can be prevented by opening the switch 181. Further, an electric field strength meter may be provided in the atmosphere, and the

switches

181 and 185 may be controlled to be closed by observing changes in the electric field strength in the atmosphere.

As described above, by controlling the opening and closing of the

switches

181 and 185, the charge between the terminals of the capacitor can be changed to generate and change the charging current, so that charge can be accumulated in the capacitor 140. When a certain amount of charge is accumulated in the capacitor 140, the charge accumulated in the capacitor 140 can be stored by controlling the

switches

181 and 185 to open. Although not shown, if a switch is provided between the ground electrode plate of the outdoor electrode plate 130 and the ground, the electric charge accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 130 can be stored.

Next, voltage division control by the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160 will be described. Since the capacitor has an allowable voltage, it is necessary to control the voltage applied to the capacitor so as to be within the allowable voltage range. In this embodiment, during the charge transfer to the capacitor 140, the capacitor voltage control unit 111 is measured by the electrode plate voltage of the outdoor electrode plate 130 calculated by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit 114 and the capacitor voltage measurement unit 115. The resistance value of the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160 is changed so that the voltage applied to the capacitor 140 falls within the allowable voltage range based on the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor 140. Thus, by dividing the voltage applied from the voltage of the outdoor electrode plate 130 into the voltage applied to the capacitor 140 and the voltage applied to the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160, the voltage applied to the capacitor 140 in the transient state is kept within the allowable voltage. Can do.

As described above, the energy of the atmospheric field can be stored in the capacitor 140 by controlling the switch. Here, the total amount of charging energy to the capacitor 140 can be considered to be that the energy of the local electric field system of the atmospheric field is converted into the amount of electricity of the storage system only by electrical operation, and the equivalent amount is (1 / 2) If it is expressed as * CV ² , the equivalent amount is theoretically dissipated as “space heat”. In practice, a heat generation phenomenon occurs in a place where there is a resistance component on the ground or a constituent electric circuit. can do. For example, if the resistance heat generation in the water tank is applied to the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160, the heat source for heating to hot water, steam, or the like, and further, the road surface freezing prevention heat source or the heat pump system can be applied to air conditioning. it can. Since these do not involve combustion, it can be said that the environmental impact load is also light.

Next, an operation for transferring the charge accumulated in the capacitor 140 to the storage battery 170 will be described. The capacitor voltage control unit 111 opens the

switches

181 and 185 and closes the

switches

182 and 183 to connect the capacitor 140 and the storage battery 170 when electric charges of a predetermined value or more are accumulated in the capacitor 140. Here, the storage battery 170 is less responsive to the charge / discharge current than the capacitor 140, and it is not preferable to connect the storage battery 170 directly. Therefore, this difference can be filled by converting the current from the capacitor 140 by the PCS 150 in accordance with the charging current of the storage battery 170. At this time, DC-DC conversion is performed inside the PCS 150 to convert the direct current discharged from the capacitor 140 into a charging current for the storage battery 170.

Here, in the atmospheric phenomenon of weather, it is not possible to determine whether the ground side charge is positive or negative. Therefore, the charge sign of the capacitor 140 is detected and the circuit connection is switched. This is a response to the fact that the polarity of the power storage system is generally designated as hardware. Furthermore, in this PCS 140, it is assumed to control a voltage adjustment mechanism. The main purpose of the control is to keep the input voltage in the power storage system within the specified range. There is no problem in using an automatic voltage control device (AVR) as another control device in terms of configuration, but the control function is realized. The purpose of this application is not to constrain the board configuration.

Thus, by transferring the total amount of power energy stored in the capacitor 140 to the storage battery 170, a storage system that can store more energy can be provided. In addition, since the storage battery 170 and the capacitor 140 are connected not by the switch 183 but by the switch 184, the resistance voltage dividing circuit is included in the circuit, so that the voltage applied to the storage battery 170 and the capacitor 140 in the transient state can be adjusted. Note that the storage battery 170 can be omitted if there is no operational problem with only short-term output.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control unit 110 of the atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100. The controller 110 detects the current flowing through the outdoor electrode plate 130 by using the current detector 120 (S401). Next, it is determined whether the steady state is reached when the current stops flowing (S402). When the steady state is reached, the

switches

181 and 185 are closed (S403), and the capacitor 140 and the outdoor electrode plate 130 are connected. To do. At this time, the voltage applied to the capacitor 140 is adjusted by controlling the resistance voltage dividing circuit 160 (S404).

When the capacitor 140 and the outdoor electrode plate 130 become equipotential and there is no more charge transfer, it is determined whether or not the capacitor has a charge higher than a predetermined value (S405). When the capacitor 140 does not accumulate charges equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the

switches

181 and 185 are controlled to open (S406). After the charges are newly accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 130, the

switches

181 and 185 are closed again. Control is performed (S403).

When the capacitor 140 has a charge equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the

switches

181 and 185 are controlled to be opened, and the

switches

182 and 183 are controlled to be closed, so that the storage battery 170 and the capacitor 140 are connected. Then, the PCS 150 is controlled to charge the storage battery 170 from the capacitor 140 (S408). When charging is completed, the

switches

182 and 183 are opened to disconnect the connection between the storage battery 170 and the capacitor 140.

As described above, in the present embodiment, for example, energy stored in the atmosphere can be accumulated in the approach process of thunderclouds or in the process of thundercloud growth / decay in the growth process or separation process. In other words, the time required for the ground electrostatic energy charging process of a thundercloud appearing at a certain point is related to the magnitude of the updraft and is considered to be slow compared to the instantaneous discharge phenomenon at the time of lightning strike. Take advantage of this process. Specifically, the capacitor is charged by applying a time change in the capacitor electrode terminal voltage based on a change in the electric field strength in the atmosphere. In addition, as a capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor or the like having a wide input voltage acceptance range is used, and as a form for combining with a voltage dividing resistor, the input voltage width is substantially reduced in response to a larger voltage application. Use an enlarged one.

Further, in this embodiment, unless the atmospheric electric field strength continues to be zero as the parameter to be adjusted, first, the atmospheric electric field strength change is detected and the change is used. However, if the electric field strength in the atmosphere is not zero but is maintained at a certain value, the time change rate of the terminal voltage of both poles is zero and no current flows if nothing is done. As a result, the capacitor terminal voltage can be adjusted by forcing the terminal voltage of the terminal voltage to be zero and forcibly changing the time change rate of the terminal voltage to zero.

In addition, the electricity stored in the storage battery 170 of this embodiment can be supplied to the distribution system via the PCS, and can be used for system stabilization, self-power demand, electric vehicles (EV), and the like. In addition, it can be installed in any of Yamano / desert / island area, urban area, rural area, etc., because it contributes to the reduction of lightning strike opportunities and the possibility of multiple sources of renewable energy storage. Considering the nature and contribution to multiplexing, it is also possible to contribute to disaster prevention and mitigation. In addition, the heat that can be obtained can also be used for heat demand and heat exchange demand such as snow melting, hot water, air conditioning, etc., and energy supply that suppresses risk factors such as emission of high temperature, high pressure, and environmental impact substances Contribute to the realization of the system.

Further, in the present embodiment, the description has been made assuming that it is installed on the ground. However, for example, the atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100 and the outdoor electrode plate 130 can be installed on the sea. In this case, grounding becomes possible by providing a grounding point in the sea. According to this method, for example, a large-scale power generation system can be realized by providing a plurality of atmospheric electric field energy storage systems 100 on a ship or the ocean.

Furthermore, it can be used for EV vehicle charging stations that are expected to be introduced in the future. If the facilities become widespread, information processing matching between the remaining EV charge amount and the nearby chargeable station charge amount is possible, and a new independent charging station that eliminates the need for unmanned charging stations and charging processing from existing distribution systems Is possible.

In addition, about the amount of electrical storage here, the target is about several dozen thru | or several hundred kwh, for example. This is based on the past knowledge of the energy level and duration during lightning strikes and the standard for the amount of electricity used per household per month for civilian use. There is no problem unless the change in the electric field in the space has a direct influence on the activity status of other people or groups, but at least a place where mutual influence can be eliminated as an electric field is desirable. This is because, in the past, in the field of renewable energy / natural energy, “sensory” can be detected by the human senses, but in the present invention, this is an “electric field” that cannot normally be detected by the five senses. is there.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the electrode plate operating unit 500 is provided on the non-grounded electrode plate of the outdoor electrode plate 130.

In the first embodiment, the change in the electric field strength in the atmosphere is used as the parameter to be adjusted. However, if the electric field strength in the atmosphere is not zero and continues to be maintained at a certain value, if no action is taken, both poles are used. The rate of change of the terminal voltage with time is zero and no current flows.

Therefore, in this embodiment, when the change in the electric field strength in the atmosphere is maintained and maintained at a certain value, the electrode plate operating unit 500 is controlled by the control unit 110 and the non-grounded side electrode of the outdoor electrode plate 130 is controlled. The plate is forcibly moved / rotated from the current spatial position to bring it to a different electric field strength position. As a result, the ground potential is changed by changing the distance of the electric field strength, or by adjusting the effective cross-sectional area of charge accumulation and connecting the capacitor 140 with the change by making a change in the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor 140. A charging current can be generated. That is, if the movement / adjustment is performed over a certain period of time, it corresponds to giving a “time change rate” to the potential determined at the point after the movement / adjustment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, an EAP (electric field responsive polymer) 600 is disposed on a part of the non-grounded electrode plate of the outdoor electrode plate 130. In this embodiment, dielectric elastomer type EAP or EPAM of EAP is used, and applied to switching on / off of the atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100 by utilizing the mechanical property of contracting in the electric field direction under electric field and extending in the vertical direction. . Conversely, a voltage can be generated by applying pressure to the dielectric elastomer type EAP or EPAM to expand and contract, and this voltage can be used as a control power source for a power generation / charging switch mechanism.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a basic function when dielectric elastomer type EAP or EPAM is used for the outdoor electrode plate 130. The upper and lower contrasts in FIG. 7 (a) indicate that there is a difference in expansion and contraction of the dielectric elastomer 600 due to the strength of the electric field, and that the difference in shape appears in the length in the direction perpendicular to the electric field and in the length in the parallel direction. . That is, if the operation switch of the atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100 is provided at the expansion and contraction destination of the dielectric elastomer 600, the atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100 can be operated when a strong electric field is generated in the atmosphere.

Further, in FIG. 7B, a second dielectric elastomer 603 provided on the fixed-side insulating material 602 is provided via an insulating material 601 at the tip of the dielectric elastomer 600 in the expansion / contraction direction. Accordingly, the EAP presses the second dielectric elastomer 603 with the vertical “push” force of the first dielectric elastomer 600 by utilizing the property that the EAP itself receives external force to generate electric power. A voltage is generated in the second dielectric elastomer pressurized through the insulator due to expansion and contraction accompanying the pressurization. The electric power can be used as a control power source for the entire power generation / charging switch mechanism. This is intended for automatic generation of control power.

Further, since the shape change of the dielectric elastomer 600 is optically detected and the voltage can be estimated indirectly from the correlation with the electric field strength applied naturally, a system such as turning on and off the electric circuit switch using this is adopted. You can also

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the present invention, when a strong electric field is generated in the atmosphere, energy is utilized especially when a thundercloud is generated. Therefore, it is desirable that the electrode plate disposed in the atmospheric space has a lightning protection capability. Therefore, in this embodiment, a power storage system that realizes a lightning protection function will be described.

The dielectric device 801 is a so-called lightning rod, and is generally a metal rod-shaped protrusion having a sharp angle configuration, which is intended to electrically connect a metal conductor to the ground. This is conventionally called a lightning rod, but functionally it should be called a lightning strike (needle), avoiding lightning strikes to the main equipment on the side and inducing lightning strikes to the needle itself. is there. Since the lower surface of the sky thundercloud is negatively charged, the ground lightning rod is positively charged.

On the other hand, the capacitive lightning arrester 800 has been put into practical use for the past 10 years or so, and is a capacitor, and the earth-side electrode plate is also grounded via a metal conductor. Is. Since the ground side electrode plate (ground side electrode plate) of the capacitor is charged by the positive charge induced to the ground, the sky side electrode plate is charged with the anti-ground side charge, that is, the negative charge. This latter lightning arrester has a repulsive relationship with the negative charge on the bottom of the thundercloud, so it does not adopt a circuit configuration as a lightning strike requirement, and even if a precursor discharge (step leader) phenomenon occurs from the thundercloud to the ground, There is no return lightning stroke phenomenon from to the thundercloud. By enabling the charge arrangement to prevent this return lightning strike, it is possible to prevent lightning strikes to the area under the lightning protection umbrella in a qualitative sense. Strictly speaking, a lightning strike occurs when the insulation breakdown is caused by the generation of an excessive voltage, but after the insulation breakdown between the plates, the lightning strike current is released to the ground via the earth circuit of the device. It will have a back-up configuration with a "protection function" equivalent to the lightning rod of the lightning.

In this embodiment, the atmospheric electric field energy storage system according to the present invention is combined with the lightning protection umbrella area of the capacitive lightning arrester 800. More specifically, a space where the electric force line vector is spatially calculated from the accumulated charge on the outdoor electrode plate 130 and the accumulated charge on the lower surface of the virtual thundercloud, and each of the repulsive force lines with the same sign charge on the lower surface of the thundercloud is surrounded by Deriving the boundary. Then, if there is a lightning arrester 800 in the dominant space created by the accumulated charges of the outdoor electrode plate 130, it is determined that it is not a lightning strike region, and if it is under thundercloud side control, it is determined that there is a high possibility of receiving a lightning strike. The power generation function of the atmospheric electric field energy storage system 100 is stopped and other measures are taken.

Further, a dielectric device 801 can be further combined with the above configuration. When the atmospheric electric field strength is weak, the lightning striker 801 is lifted higher than the capacitive lightning arrester 800, and it is easy to attract different polarity charges to the growing thundercloud above. When the voltage between the electrode plates of the capacitive lightning arrester 800 rises above the stable operation range, the lightning arrester 801 is placed in a safe air space below the capacitive lightning arrester 800, and the electrical thundercloud side is receiving a different kind of inquiry. A masking operation is performed so that there is no electric charge, and lightning strikes shall be avoided.

Thus, in this embodiment, the lightning protection function can be realized while accumulating energy to be accumulated in the atmosphere.

In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.
Each of the above-described configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, and the like may be realized by hardware by designing a part or all of them with, for example, an integrated circuit. Each of the above-described configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function by the processor. Information such as programs, tables, and files for realizing each function can be stored in a recording device such as a memory, a hard disk, an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, or a DVD.
Further, the control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. Actually, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Atmospheric electric field electrical storage system 110 Control part 111 Capacitor voltage control part 112 PCS control part 113 Switch control part 114 Electrode plate voltage calculation part 115 Capacitor voltage measurement part 120 Current detector 130 Outdoor electrode plate 140 Capacitor 150 PCS
160 Resistance voltage dividing circuit 170 Storage battery 181 to 185 Switch

Claims

A band electrode plate that charges a charge according to the potential difference between the installation position and the grounding point;
A capacitor that is electrically connected to the strip electrode plate and moves the charge charged on the strip electrode plate to store the charge;
A switch provided between the strip electrode plate and the capacitor, the switch provided so as to be able to cut off an electrical connection between the strip electrode plate and the capacitor;
An electrode plate voltage calculation unit for obtaining the voltage of the band electrode plate or the amount of charge charged in the band electrode plate;
The switch is controlled to open and close in accordance with the voltage of the band electrode plate obtained by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit or the amount of charge of the band electrode plate, and the charge charged on the band electrode plate is moved to the capacitor. A power storage system.
Further in claim 1,
A storage battery electrically connected to the capacitor via a second switch;
The control unit controls the opening and closing of the second switch to charge the storage battery with the charge stored in the capacitor.
In claim 2,
The controller closes the switch and opens the second switch when the capacity of the charge accumulated in the capacitor is smaller than a predetermined value, and controls the capacitor from the band electrode plate to the capacitor. Move the charge to
When the capacity of the electric charge stored in the capacitor is larger than the predetermined value, the switch is controlled to be opened and the second switch is closed to charge the storage battery from the capacitor. A power storage system characterized by this.
Further in claim 2,
A power converter that converts the current flowing from the capacitor and sends it to the storage battery, and a PCS control unit that outputs a control command to the power converter,
The said PCS control part controls the electric current amount sent to the said storage battery based on the charge characteristic of the said storage battery, The electrical storage system characterized by the above-mentioned.
Further in claim 1,
A ground electrode plate provided opposite to the band electrode plate and electrically connected to a ground point;
A current detector connected to the ground plate and detecting a current flowing between the ground point and the ground plate;
The electrode plate voltage calculation unit obtains the voltage of the band electrode plate or the amount of electric charge charged in the band electrode plate using the amount of current detected by the current detection unit.
In claim 1,
The power storage system, wherein the capacitor is a lithium ion capacitor.
Further in claim 1,
A resistance voltage divider having a variable resistance between the capacitor and the strip electrode plate;
And a voltage dividing control unit configured to set a resistance value of the variable resistor based on a withstand voltage characteristic of the capacitor and to control a voltage applied to the capacitor.
In claim 7 further:
A power storage system comprising a heat recovery circuit that recovers heat generated in the resistance voltage divider.
Further in claim 1,
Having operating means for operating the control unit;
The actuating means is provided with a first electric field response member that contracts or expands due to a change in electric field strength applied thereto, and is provided adjacent to and crossing the first electric field response member. A second electric field responsive member for generating electric power,
The operating means pressurizes the second electric field response member by expansion or contraction or expansion of the first electric field response member, and uses the electric power generated in the second electric field response member by the pressurization. A power storage system characterized by controlling operation.
Further in claim 1,
A capacitor provided in the atmosphere, which has a lightning protection capacitor that suppresses lightning by inducing charge by approaching thunderclouds,
The power storage system, wherein the band electrode plate is provided in a lightning protection range of the lightning protection capacitor.
Charge the electrode plate according to the electric field distribution in the atmosphere,
Calculate the voltage of the electrode plate or the amount of charge of the electrode plate,
Depending on the voltage of the electrode plate or the amount of charge of the electrode plate, the switch provided between the band electrode plate and the capacitor is controlled to open and close, and the electric charge charged on the band electrode plate is transferred to the capacitor. A method of storing electricity.
In claim 11,
A storage battery is connected via the capacitor and the second switch,
A power storage method for controlling the second switch to charge the storage battery with the charge stored in the capacitor.