WO2013133824A1 - Thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool - Google Patents

Thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013133824A1
WO2013133824A1 PCT/US2012/028076 US2012028076W WO2013133824A1 WO 2013133824 A1 WO2013133824 A1 WO 2013133824A1 US 2012028076 W US2012028076 W US 2012028076W WO 2013133824 A1 WO2013133824 A1 WO 2013133824A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
downhole tool
wellbore
state
working mass
downhole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/028076
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Travis J. Threadgill
Original Assignee
Abt Sciences Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abt Sciences Llc filed Critical Abt Sciences Llc
Priority to PCT/US2012/028076 priority Critical patent/WO2013133824A1/en
Publication of WO2013133824A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013133824A1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12Packers; Plugs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Thermally induced liquidizing downhole wellbore tools which maintain the structural strength at circulation temperature and then liquidize or soften or undergo reverse polymerization solely as a result of naturally occurring downhole temperatures to which the components are exposed so that they either can flow back up and out of the wellbore or will drop to the bottom of the wellbore or automatically activate a downhole tool.

Description

THERMALLY INDUCED LIQUIDIZING DOWNHOLE TOOL
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Background of the Invention In the drilling and completion of oil and gas wells, a great variety of down hole tools are used. It is often desirable to temporarily seal tubing, casing, flow parts, or other tubulars in the well. The downhole tools are commonly used to isolate (seal off) a portion of a wellbore during cementing, formation treatment, and other well processes. Downhole wellbore sealing tools, both internal and external, such as packers, bridge plugs, tubing plugs, straddle packers, fracturing plugs, and cement plugs are designed for these general purposes.
In order to maximize the product of wells, hydraulic fracturing is used to open up formations and stimulate or increase flow to a well head. In traditional methods of fracturing the cased well bore is perforated at various intervals, typically 50 to 80 foot intervals. Sections are then isolated by plugs and the well bore is pressurized to induce fracturing in the formation around the wellbore and proppant (i.e. propping agent such as sand or other grit) is injected to maintain the openings in the induced fractures. This is similar to gravel pack operations which are often used in offshore completion well bores. Next the process may be repeated in another segment of the well. Once all this is completed, the plugs are drilled out and the well is opened for production. With tool insertion or extraction averaging 1.5 minutes a foot and wells averaging somewhere from 8,000 to 12,000 feet this process can take significant time. Retrieving a plug to the surface can be costly. Further it is a difficult process due to the confines of working in the well bore, so the simplest method is to drill them out by using bits which cut through the plugs in the same manner as removing formation.
However, even with the right drilling assembly drilling a cast iron plug can take an hour or more. Additionally, the right drilling assembly for cutting through a plug is often not the right drilling head for other operations, necessitating at least two lengthy and costly tool changes in the process. A typical well may have 10 to 15 or more such plugs. Therefore wells with a plurality of zones or sections, which must be isolated by plugging to successfully accomplish fracturing, can make for a very costly and time consuming operation. As an alternative to these types of hardened plugs dissolvable tools have been developed, but have been problematic. Most employ materials which require exposure over extended periods of time to certain wellbore fluids, existing or introduced; or a combinations of wellbore fluids and wellbore temperatures in order to work. This criteria of conditions required for the tool to dissolve, has caused the structural integrity of the tool to be directly proportionate to the length of time required to dissolve the tool. Typically if the dissolving tool has adequate structural strength, then it does not dissolve at all; or takes too long to dissolve. Other tools employ materials which are not environmentally safe and also very expensive to manufacture; making them not viable for large scale commercial use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary operating environment for utilization of a thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 illustrates a close up of a subterranean portion of a wellbore 120 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a stepped casing wellbore in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention relate to wellbore tools that can be installed in the wellbore and then substantially deteriorate or disappear from the well in a short span of time without further intervention in the well.
There has been a long need for downhole tools in the forms of plugs, sleeves, and/or diverters which have adequate structural integrity which may be induced to change state causing a complete failure of that structural integrity upon command. Such a tool would not require retrieval or mechanical drilling out to disperse its components thus freeing the wellbore.
However this must be accomplished without the need for harsh corrosives which would affect the other surrounding wellbore and drill string components. It would have to be accomplished in a reasonable amount of time. A tool which requires weeks or even days to decompose could shut down operations for cost prohibitive amounts of time.
The inventor has accomplished the above by forming plugs out of a fiber glass and resin material. The fiberglass produces shear strength preventing the resin from being chipped or broken in the rough environment. The resin binds the fiberglass in a significant mass with the structural integrity necessary to stand up to the pressures of fracturing, which can average between 3,000 psi and 5,000 psi (pounds per square inch) downhole, and significantly higher pressures further up the well toward the surface. The resin is formulated such that it has strength at lower temperatures, but deteriorates at higher temperatures. The specific temperatures can be adjusted by the formulation of the resin/hardener in different rations, or the use of different resin/hardeners. One skilled in the arts would appreciate that there are several types of resins, and other molding materials which would accomplish the same task as described above. It is the intent of the inventor that any such material be considered within the scope of the disclosure herein.
Downhole tools formulated out of such a composition will retain their structural integrity during pumping operations where drilling muds, water, and other materials circulating in the wellbore carry heat to the surface and thus keep the environment of the wellbore at lower temperatures than those of the surroundings environment (i.e. at circulating temperatures). To utilize, one would lower a plug formulated from the resin and binder material into the wellbore. The plug would be shaped and sized to obstruct the wellbore at a certain location such that lower portions of the wellbore are isolated from the upper portions of the wellbore. Next, the pressure is increased in the upper portions of the wellbore to induce fracturing and proppant is used to keep the resulting fractures open. Once sufficient fracturing has occurred, the circulation of materials is stopped so that the ambient temperatures can cause the temperature of the plug to increase to the point of fatigue and ultimate deterioration and failure. That is, a thermally induced liquidizing of the downhole tool occurs. At which point the obstruction no longer exist in the wellbore. The process can then be repeated as necessary through the use of other plugs designed to obstruct the well at other locations.
In the preferred embodiment the plug is a solid spherical shape which has been milled to a precise circumference so that it will wedge at a certain point in the well. One skilled in the art would appreciate that he plug could be shaped as a cylinder, a spherical cylinder (aka a spherinder), or ellipsoid, or other shapes which properly obstruct the wellbore at a desired location. In the preferred embodiment the plug is solid, but one skilled in the arts would appreciate that a plug could be a homoeoid, a focaloid, or a hollow cylinder or other shapes which properly obstruct the wellbore. In the preferred embodiment, the plug is sized such that it substantially obstructs the wellbore.
One skilled in the arts would appreciate that in some situations it may be desirable to not completely obstruct the wellbore, but instead to partially obstruct the wellbore such to reduce the pressure differential between the two sides of the obstruction in a less dramatic fashion.
In the preferred embodiment, the tools are shaped by casting an amount of the proper material for the given thermal environment(s) in an oversized shape or "block", and then milling down the "block" to the desired size and shape. One skilled in the art would appreciate that there are other ways to achieve the same results such as, but not limited to casting or molding the material in flexible, or inflexible molds, machining, cutting, or otherwise shaping.
The process described above does not require tool retrieval. The thermally liquidizing downhole tools, which have adequate structural strength, can be removed solely as a result the effect of the formation temperature. Such tools are environmentally safe and can be produced at a cost that allows large scale commercial usage. In other applications, a need exists for downhole tools that incorporate materials which maintain the required structural strength at ambient circulation temperature and then liquidize or soften or undergo reverse polymerization solely as a result of naturally occurring downhole temperatures to which the components are exposed for the purpose of allowing the downhole tool to automatically activate when such material liquidizes or softens or undergoes reverse polymerization.
In another embodiment, the resin and binder material could be injected into a flexible bladder or container and lowered down the wellbore to a specific location where it is placed into a specific position and allowed to cure or otherwise harden in such location until it has sufficient structural strength to resist pressure. Next the process continues as described above. The thermally liquidizing would occur and the material in the flexible bladder can be retrieved, or forced further down the wellbore. In an alternative embodiment, the bladder could be ruptured, or destroyed, such as by erosion by the proppant.
A thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool that comprises materials which maintain the structural strength at ambient circulation temperature necessary to hold the tool in place during the downhole operation and then liquidize or undergo reverse polymerization solely as a result of naturally occurring downhole temperatures to which the components are exposed once downhole circulation has ceased so that the downhole tool can either can flow back up and out of the wellbore or will drop to the bottom of the wellbore.
The materials may be formulated to achieve a desired rate of decomposition of the component by matching the decomposition temperature of a composite to the temperatures which naturally occur in the wellbore. In an embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is at least partially comprised of a composite resin binder with a carbon fiber, aramid fiber, or fiberglass matrix. One skilled in the arts would appreciate that other materials could be used to create the sheer strength desired in the material. Examples include, but are not limited to cotton fibers, glucose strands, protein strands, natural plant fibers, etc. In another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is at least partially comprised of a composite resin binder with a solid filler material such as glass, metallic, organic, or ceramic beads.
The particular material matrix used to form the thermally induced liquidizing components are customizable for operation in a particular pressure and temperature range, or to control the dissolution rate of the plug 310 when exposed to naturally occurring downhole temperatures. Thus, a thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool may operate as a 30-minute plug, a three- hour plug, or a three day plug, for example, or any other timeframe desired by the operator.
In one embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a frac ball. In another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a frac plug. In another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a bridge plug. In yet another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a packer. In yet another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a sliding sleeve. In another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a TCP-tubing conveyed perforating gun.
In another embodiment, the tool contains a mechanism that measures characteristics of the well such as wellbore temperature or pressure; which mechanism is released after the tool disintegrates. In another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a screen or plug or other downhole tool coated with materials to allow the downhole tool to be held in place during operations which maintain the required structural strength at ambient circulation temperature to allow the downhole tool to be held in place during operations and then liquidize or soften or undergo reverse polymerization solely as a result of naturally occurring downhole temperatures to which the components are exposed.
In another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a pressure testing valve or other downhole tool that contains materials which maintain the required structural strength at ambient circulation temperature and then liquidize or soften or undergo reverse polymerization solely as a result of naturally occurring downhole temperatures to which the components are exposed which allows activation automatically of the downhole tool.
In another embodiment, the thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool is a gravel packing system that contains materials which maintain the required structural strength at ambient circulation temperature and then liquidize or soften or undergo reverse polymerization solely as a result of naturally occurring downhole temperatures to which the components are exposed which 99999allows activation automatically of the gravel pack.
The following discussion and illustrations are presented in relation to a vertical well bore. One skilled in the art would appreciate that this would also be applicable to horizontal and deviated well bores as well as combinations of the three. Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary operating environment for utilization of a thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool. As depicted, a drilling rig 110 is positioned on the Earth's surface 105 and extends over and around a wellbore 120 that penetrates a subterranean formation 130 for the purpose of recovering hydrocarbons. At least the upper portion of the wellbore 120 may be lined with casing 125 that is cemented 127 into position against the formation 130 in a conventional manner. The drilling rig 110 includes a derrick 115 with a rig floor 117 through which a cable 140, such as a wireline, jointed pipe, or coiled tubing, for example, extends downwardly from the drilling rig 110 into the wellbore 120. The cable 140 suspends an exemplary thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool 150, which may comprise frac plug, a bridge plug, a packer, or another type of wellbore zonal isolation device, for example, as it is being lowered to a predetermined depth within the wellbore 120 to perform a specific operation.
While the exemplary operating environment depicted in Figure 1 refers to a stationary drilling rig 110, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that mobile workover rigs, well servicing units, and the like, could also be used in a similar manner to that depicted here.
[0001] Figure 2 illustrates a close up of a subterranean portion of a wellbore 120. In this illustration, the cable 140 has been replaced with a pipe 140' which has a lower opening 220 through which circulating material 230 such as proppant can be introduced into the wellbore. The downhole tool illustrated is a frac plug 150' which isolates the upper portion A of the wellbore 120 from the lower portion B. By isolating a portion of the wellbore 120 proppant 230 can be forced under pressure into the fractures 250 to widen them and increase the flow of hydrocarbons. Once the proppant 230 stops flowing the frac plug 150 will begin to heat as the formation 130 begins to heat the wellbore until the point at which the frac plug 150 deteriorates and collapses into the lower portion B of the well bore. The operation can then be repeated by placing a new frac plug below the next set of fractures 260.
Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment wherein the wellbore 120 has a stepped casing 125 such that there are casing constrictions 300 at specific intervals along the wellbore. In such an environment a spherical frac ball 310 may be sized such that it goes through some casing constrictions 300 until it stops at the desired location. As long as circulating temperatures remain below the transition temperature for the frac ball resin material, the frac ball will continue to isolate the portions of the well. Once the circulation stops and natural formation temperatures increases the ambient temperature of the wellbore above the transition temperature, the frac ball will deteriorate and fall down the wellbore, or be flushed up to the surface by the circulating materials.
While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the teachings of the invention. The embodiments described here are exemplary only, and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations, combinations, and modifications of the invention disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above, but is defined by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims
The diagrams in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention are provided as examples and should not be construed to limit other embodiments within the scope of the invention. For instance, heights, widths, and thicknesses may not be to scale and should not be construed to limit the invention to the particular proportions illustrated. Additionally some elements illustrated in the singularity may actually be implemented in a plurality. Further, some element illustrated in the plurality could actually vary in count. Further, some elements illustrated in one form could actually vary in detail. Further yet, specific numerical data values (such as specific quantities, numbers, categories, etc.) or other specific information should be interpreted as illustrative for discussing exemplary embodiments. Such specific information is not provided to limit the invention.
The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various embodiments of the present invention. Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.

Claims

claimed is:
A downhole tool comprising:
a working mass having a composition which is thermally sensitive;
wherein said working mass has a first and second state:
said first state existing at circulation temperatures and having structural integrity to block a wellbore; and
said second state existing at ambient temperatures and lacking structural integrity such that said working mass may substantially disintegrate.
A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a spherical shape.
A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a cylindrical shape.
A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a spherinder shape.
A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said thermally sensitive composition is comprised of
fiberous material and
binder resin.
A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said fibrous material is fiberglass.
7. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said fibrous material is aramid fibers.
8. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said first state will sustain pressures greater an one thousand psi without substantial deformation.
9. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
a rise in temperature causes a gradual shift from said first state to said second state.
10. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said rise in temperature is the result of naturally occurring ambient temperatures of the wellbore.
11. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a spherical shape.
12. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a fracturing plug.
13. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a bridge plug.
14. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a packer.
15. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a sliding sleeve.
16. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass is a perforating gun which is at least partially comprised of a composition which is thermally sensitive.
17. A downhole tool as described in claim 1 wherein:
said working mass contains at least one sensor for measuring downhole conditions.
18. A downhole tool as described in claim 17 wherein:
after transition of the working mass between the first state and the second state, the sensor may be retrieved at the surface of the well.
19. A method of manufacturing a downhole tool comprising:
Mixing a resin to have a specific temperature sensitivity;
mixing said resin with a reinforcing material; and
shaping said resin and reinforcing material into the desired shape of a downhole tool.
A method of utilizing a thermally sensitive downhole tool comprising:
circulating materials in a wellbore to maintain a circulating temperature which is lower than the wellbore 's naturally occurring ambient temperature;
selecting a downhole tool to securely block a wellbore at a specific location; wherein:
said downhole tool is properly sized to pass through the wellbore to the specific location
said downhole tool is properly shaped to pass through the wellbore to the specific location
said downhole tool is made of a thermally sensitive material which transitions from a first state having structural integrity at the circulating temperature, to a second state which structurally deteriorates above the circulating temperature;
lowering said downhole tool into the wellbore to said specific location;
utilizing said tool at the specific location;
ceasing circulating materials to allow naturally occurring ambient temperatures to cause the transition from the first state to the second state; and
flushing the downhole tool from the specific location in the wellbore.
PCT/US2012/028076 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 Thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool WO2013133824A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/028076 WO2013133824A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 Thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/028076 WO2013133824A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 Thermally induced liquidizing downhole tool

Publications (1)

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WO2013133824A1 true WO2013133824A1 (en) 2013-09-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111829843A (en) * 2019-04-19 2020-10-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing sand bay group loose heavy oil sandstone core by using drill cuttings

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060113077A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-06-01 Dean Willberg Degradable material assisted diversion or isolation
US20070044966A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Stephen Davies Methods of Forming Acid Particle Based Packers for Wellbores
US20100101803A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-04-29 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Consumable Downhole Tools
US20110277987A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2011-11-17 Frazier W Lynn Bottom set downhole plug

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060113077A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-06-01 Dean Willberg Degradable material assisted diversion or isolation
US20070044966A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Stephen Davies Methods of Forming Acid Particle Based Packers for Wellbores
US20100101803A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-04-29 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Consumable Downhole Tools
US20110277987A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2011-11-17 Frazier W Lynn Bottom set downhole plug

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111829843A (en) * 2019-04-19 2020-10-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for preparing sand bay group loose heavy oil sandstone core by using drill cuttings

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