WO2012139691A1 - Light-emitting means for use in conventional lampholders for fluorescent tubes - Google Patents

Light-emitting means for use in conventional lampholders for fluorescent tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012139691A1
WO2012139691A1 PCT/EP2012/001113 EP2012001113W WO2012139691A1 WO 2012139691 A1 WO2012139691 A1 WO 2012139691A1 EP 2012001113 W EP2012001113 W EP 2012001113W WO 2012139691 A1 WO2012139691 A1 WO 2012139691A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
frequency
lamp according
operating
inductive
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PCT/EP2012/001113
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael SZWAICZYK
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"Steinberg" Leuchtmittelwerke Gmbh
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Publication of WO2012139691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012139691A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/357—Driver circuits specially adapted for retrofit LED light sources
    • H05B45/3578—Emulating the electrical or functional characteristics of discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/17—Operational modes, e.g. switching from manual to automatic mode or prohibiting specific operations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lighting means for use in conventional fluorescent lamp sockets.
  • Such lamps usually consist of a prismatic tube with a round cross-section, which has at its ends in each case a connection for electrical energy. Electrical energy can be supplied to the lighting means via these connections, as a result of which the lighting means emits light.
  • the known bulbs use a glass body, a gas mixture within the tubular body, as well as a special coating on the inside of the glass body. Due to the electrical energy, the gas mixture is partially ionized. The ions then generate energy in the form of light emitted by the glass body to the outside as soon as they hit the special coating.
  • ballasts For the operation of such bulbs so-called ballasts are used.
  • ballasts there are two types.
  • CCG ballasts
  • the electrical connections are led out of the lamp as two poles. Between these poles an electrical conductor is attached.
  • the starter initially allows, when switching on the bulb, a current flow through the electrical conductors at the terminals. After a while, then the starter interrupts the current flow and there is a high ignition voltage through the choke coil. By this high voltage, a current flow is generated within the lamp, which partially ionized the gas mixture and thus low impedance power. Thereafter, the current flows through the lamp even at normal operating voltage.
  • ECG electronic ballasts
  • LEDs as luminous bodies.
  • a disadvantage of these bulbs is that they are not compatible with the existing sockets and / or lamp systems for the bulbs, as these bulbs do not work with the ballasts mentioned above.
  • a conversion of the socket and / or the lamp system is thus necessary in order to operate LEDs as a luminous body, as they can not be operated with variable and / or high operating voltage. It is thus necessary to adjust the supply voltage of the LEDs appropriately.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to provide a luminous means which uses LEDs as luminous bodies, which is compatible with the connections of conventional sockets for fluorescent tubes and which can be operated by the existing ballasts (CCGs or electronic ballasts).
  • CCGs or electronic ballasts CCGs or electronic ballasts.
  • the luminous means according to the invention is likewise designed as a prismatic tube with electrical connections at both ends.
  • the luminous means according to the invention can be used without problems in existing sockets for fluorescent tubes.
  • the present invention instead of the gas mixture and a special coating, has at least one LED as a luminous body. So that these LEDs are not damaged by variable or too high operating voltages, a supply voltage for the LEDs is generated from the respective operating voltage.
  • the light source detects whether a CCG or a ballast is used to operate the bulb.
  • To detect an AC voltage identification is provided in the bulb. This can be done by means for a frequency measurement and / or by voltage measurement.
  • the frequency measurement it is determined whether a high-frequency operating voltage is currently being applied to the connections. Since the high-frequency voltages of the ECGs are much higher than the normal mains frequency of 50 or 60 Hz (for example, at 40 kHz), they are easily detected by frequency measurement.
  • the height of the voltage is measured. Since the ECGs try to cause a resonance in the lamp, higher operating voltages than in KVGs in connection with the device according to the invention arise.
  • the electrical resistance at the terminal of the lamp is similar to the resistance at the connection of commercially available fluorescent tubes.
  • it can also be easily determined by voltage measurement, which type of ballast is used.
  • the voltage and / or frequency measurement for the detection of the ballast used can also be done by built-in capacitors, such as capacitors, or inductors, such as coils. This is done by measuring the reactance at the respective capacitance or inductance determines whether a low frequency (KVG) or a high frequency (ECG) is used to operate the lamp. Capacitive detection increases the reactance of the capacitance. When the frequency depended voltage is low (KVG), a relatively high voltage can be detected at the capacitance because the reactance is relatively high. When operating on an electronic ballast, a relatively low voltage across the capacitor can be detected because as the frequency of the voltage increases, the reactance of the capacitor decreases. The opposite is true for inductors, as in the case of the coil.
  • the inductor has a relatively low reactance and at high frequency a relatively high reactance. Accordingly, a low voltage can be measured at the inductance when operating with a CCG and a relatively high voltage when operating on a ballast. By measuring the voltage across the capacitance or inductance or by resistance measurement or by measuring the current intensity can be concluded that the respective frequency of the applied supply voltage.
  • a supply voltage for the lamp must be generated from the existing operating voltage.
  • two separate voltage generations are provided within the lamp. So that they are not operated simultaneously, they are separated from each other by circuitry. This separation is carried out by at least one electrical or electronic switch. This can be, for example, a relay, a TRIAC or similar. These relays are controlled by AC voltage identification. This creates two operating modes in the light source.
  • the control of the electrical or electronic switch is done, as described above, by suitable means for frequency measurement or voltage measurement on the components described above.
  • capacitors such as capacitors or inductors, such as coils
  • the component itself can be used to switch the electronic or electrical switch. Due to their small reactance, capacitors offer a sufficient flow of current at a high frequency appropriate electrical or electronic switch to operate. At low frequencies, however, the reactance is so high that the current flow is insufficient to operate the corresponding electronic or electronic switch.
  • inductors such as coils, the coil may be wound around a ferromagnetic core to which another matched coil winding is added. By means of the inductive voltage transmission to this further coil, sufficient electrical energy can be transmitted at high frequencies in order to actuate the electrical or electronic switch. Again, at low frequency not enough energy is transmitted to allow the driving of the electrical or electronic switch.
  • a low-frequency voltage is detected as the operating voltage (KVG).
  • the operating voltage of the lamp is supplied to a rectification. This can be done for example by an AC / DC standard LED driver.
  • the alternating voltage identification controls the switch now so that the rectified operating voltage of the lamp is supplied as a supply voltage to the LEDs.
  • a high-frequency voltage is detected as the operating voltage (ECG).
  • the high-frequency operating voltage of the luminous means is inductively transmitted via means for inductive high-frequency transmission and fed to a second, corresponding rectification.
  • the operating voltage can be sinusoidal, sawtooth or rectangular.
  • the alternating voltage identification controls the switch now so that the rectified high-frequency operating voltage of the lamp is supplied as a supply voltage to the LEDs.
  • the means for inductive high-frequency transmission thus serves to transmit the supply voltage and thus the supply current in the case of electronic ballasts and at the same time as a simulated electrical line at the terminals in the case of CCGs and electronic ballasts.
  • the illuminants according to the invention are recognized as normal illuminants even in the case of fault detection, as they are performed by electronic ballasts, and are not declared as faulty.
  • At least one phase judge and / or zero judge is provided to protect against reverse polarity of the terminals. These detect the phase position of the electrical connections. About the AC identification and the switch, the phase and / or zero rectifier are connected only in the case of KVGs. In the second operating mode, a reverse polarity is irrelevant, since the supply voltage is generated only via the inductive transmission. In the first operating mode, however, a correct polarity must be ensured.
  • the supply voltage is then supplied to the luminous element.
  • the LEDs then emit energy in the form of light.
  • the number of LEDs can vary in order to realize different luminous intensities.
  • an electronic resistor By means for measuring the input voltage, an electronic resistor can be controlled in front of or behind the means for inductive high-frequency transmission in accordance with the measured input voltage, which regulates the supply voltage of the LEDs and thus the brightness of the luminous means.
  • the primary-side current consumption of the inductive high-frequency transmission can be adjusted by secondary-side means for determining the maximum voltage and / or the maximum current on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer.
  • secondary-side means for determining the maximum voltage and / or the maximum current on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer.
  • intervening and / or taps on the primary and / or secondary side of the high-frequency transformer can be by means of the aforementioned means for Determining the maximum voltage and the maximum current on the secondary side, making the primary-side current variable in order to ensure an optimal working range in different frequency ranges of the ECGs.
  • VVGs instead of KVGs or ECGs often called so-called VVGs. These have the same functional principle as KVGs, only the VVGs are optimized so that less power loss occurs when operating such lamps. However, since the operating principle is the same as the CCGs, the lighting device according to the invention can also be operated with VVGs.
  • Fig. 1 an electrical switching principle of the invention
  • Fig. 2 circuit diagram for detecting the frequency of the operating voltage for the lighting means.
  • FIG. 1 shows a switching principle with an exemplary construction of a luminous means according to the invention. All elements shown are arranged inside the lamp. Two electrical connections (Gl 3 socket) are provided, via which electrical energy can be supplied to the light source. This is the operating voltage of the lamp. At one of the two connections, the AC voltage is tapped and fed to an AC identification (90-265 VAC identification). In this embodiment, AC voltages between 90 and 265 volts are detected at 50 or 60Hz. The AC identification controls two relays (Rei l and Rel2). These separate the two operating modes from each other. If the two relays (Rei l and Rel2) in the rest position, operating mode 2 was detected.
  • the AC identification controls two relays (Rei l and Rel2). These separate the two operating modes from each other. If the two relays (Rei l and Rel2) in the rest position, operating mode 2 was detected.
  • the high-frequency operating voltage is tapped and supplied to a voltage and current adjustment (high-frequency transformation LED driver).
  • the adjusted operating voltage is supplied as supply voltage to the luminous element, which consists of LEDs. These will light up.
  • the AC identification detects an AC voltage within 90- 265 volts at 50 or 60Hz, it triggers the two relays (Rei l and Rel2), which then switch both from the rest position to the operating position. In doing so, they switch the supply voltage so that it is now taken from another rectification (AC / DC standard LED driver) at its outputs (OUT and OUT +). This rectification is powered by the normal operating voltage.
  • the two relays switch two phase rectifiers (phase / neutral rectifier) to the operating voltage at the electrical connections, which have the task of preventing reverse polarity of the connections.
  • the two phase rectifiers ensure that at the input of the rectification in operating mode 1 there is always an operating voltage with the same phase position. They thus prevent unwanted damage to the bulb.
  • a compensation of the inductive high-frequency transformer is provided (capacitive compensation). This is intended to prevent a phase shift between transmitted voltage and the generated current flow, which would bring about corresponding power losses.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the detection of the frequency of the operating voltage and a corresponding switching of the two operating modes.
  • the capacitance C L has a relatively high reactance and thus does not allow a sufficiently high current flow to switch the relay Rel.
  • the inductance LI behaves differently, which has a relatively low reactance at low frequencies and thus supplies a sufficient current for Re2.
  • the low-frequency power supply to Kl and K2 is routed via Re2 to the "AC Drive" component, which represents the operating mode under a CCG.
  • the high frequency causes the capacitance Cl to have a relatively low reactance, which ensures sufficient current flow to Rel.
  • the reactance of the inductance LI is now relatively high due to the high frequency of the operating voltage and the current flow through LI is not sufficient to drive Re2. Thus Rel and Re2 do not switch.
  • the voltage supply to Kl and K2 is now routed via Re2 to the "HF Drive" component, which represents the operating mode under an ECG.
  • the subject invention is realized only for example. This is not limited to this. Rather, other designs and modifications are conceivable.
  • the compensation of the inductive high-frequency transmission by other means instead of capacitive could happen or it can be used other than LEDs, such as OLEDs or plasma lamps.
  • the prismatic tube is not limited to a round cross-section. Likewise, angular, oval or other cross-sections are conceivable. It is also conceivable to adapt the inductive value to the required frequencies and / or current values by means of a ferromagnetic core and / or two core halves for the adapted and optimized high-frequency transmission with a constant number of turns of the high-frequency transformer.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

Light-emitting means for use in conventional lampholders for fluorescent tubes, wherein at least one LED is provided as light-emitting element and the light-emitting means comprises an identification which identifies whether a low-frequency AC voltage or a high-frequency AC voltage is present as operating voltage at the light-emitting means. This identification is used to detect whether conventional control gear (CCG) or electronic control gear (ECG) is used to operate the light-emitting means. After identification of one of the two operating modes, the supply voltage is produced for light-emitting elements either by means of the rectified operating voltage (CCG) or by means of an inductive high-frequency transmission (ECG).

Description

Leuchtmittel zur Verwendung in herkömmlichen Fassungen  Bulbs for use in conventional sockets
Leuchtstoffröhren  fluorescent tubes
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Leuchtmittel zur Verwendung in herkömmlichen Fassungen für Leuchtstoffröhren. Solche Leuchtmittel bestehen üblicherweise aus einer prismenförmigen Röhre mit rundem Querschnitt, welcher an seinen Enden jeweils einen Anschluss für elektrische Energie aufweist. Über diese Anschlüsse kann elektrische Energie dem Leuchtmittel zugeführt werden, wodurch das Leuchtmittel dann Licht emittiert. Die bekannten Leuchtmittel verwenden einen Glaskörper, ein Gasgemisch innerhalb des röhrenförmigen Körpers, sowie eine spezielle Beschichtung an der Innenseite des Glaskörpers. Durch die elektrische Energie wird das Gasgemisch teilweise ionisiert. Die Ionen erzeugen dann, in dem Moment, in dem sie auf die spezielle Beschichtung treffen, Energie in Form von Licht, welches durch den Glaskörper nach außen emittiert wird. The present invention relates to a lighting means for use in conventional fluorescent lamp sockets. Such lamps usually consist of a prismatic tube with a round cross-section, which has at its ends in each case a connection for electrical energy. Electrical energy can be supplied to the lighting means via these connections, as a result of which the lighting means emits light. The known bulbs use a glass body, a gas mixture within the tubular body, as well as a special coating on the inside of the glass body. Due to the electrical energy, the gas mixture is partially ionized. The ions then generate energy in the form of light emitted by the glass body to the outside as soon as they hit the special coating.
Zum Betrieb solcher Leuchtmittel werden sogenannte Vorschaltgeräte eingesetzt. Im Prinzip gibt es zwei Arten von Vorschaltgeräten. Zu einen gibt es konventionelle Vorschaltgeräte (KVG), bestehend aus einer Drosselspule und einem sogenannten Starter. Im Leuchtmittel selber sind die elektrischen Anschlüsse als zwei Pole aus dem Leuchtmittel herausgeführt. Zwischen diesen Polen ist ein elektrischer Leiter angebracht. Der Starter ermöglicht zunächst, bei Einschalten des Leuchtmittels, einen Stromfluss über die elektrischen Leiter an den Anschlüssen. Nach einer Weile unterbricht dann der Starter den Stromfluss und es kommt zu einer hohen Zündspannung durch die Drosselspule. Durch diese Hohe Spannung wird ein Stromfluss innerhalb des Leuchtmittels erzeugt, welcher das Gasgemisch teilweise ionisiert und somit niederohmig macht. Danach fließt der Strom auch bei normaler Betriebsspannung durch das Leuchtmittel. For the operation of such bulbs so-called ballasts are used. In principle, there are two types of ballasts. For one there are conventional ballasts (CCG), consisting of a choke coil and a so-called starter. In the lamp itself, the electrical connections are led out of the lamp as two poles. Between these poles an electrical conductor is attached. The starter initially allows, when switching on the bulb, a current flow through the electrical conductors at the terminals. After a while, then the starter interrupts the current flow and there is a high ignition voltage through the choke coil. By this high voltage, a current flow is generated within the lamp, which partially ionized the gas mixture and thus low impedance power. Thereafter, the current flows through the lamp even at normal operating voltage.
Zum anderen gibt es elektronische Vorschaltgeräte (EVG). Diese besitzen keine Drosselspule und/oder Starter. Sie erzeugen eine hochfrequente Betriebsspannung, welche die Resonanzfrequenz des Leuchtmittels trifft. Durch die Resonanz entsteht eine hohe Betriebsspannung, welche als Zündspannung für das Leuchtmittel benutzt wird. Durch diese Hohe Spannung wird ein Stromfluss innerhalb des Leuchtmittels erzeugt, welcher das Gasgemisch teilweise ionisiert und somit niederohmig macht. Danach fließt der Strom auch bei normaler Betriebsspannung durch das Leuchtmittel, die aber dennoch durch das elektronische Vorschaltgerät hochfrequent ist. On the other hand there are electronic ballasts (ECG). These have no choke coil and / or starter. They generate a high-frequency operating voltage, which hits the resonant frequency of the lamp. The resonance creates a high operating voltage, which is used as ignition voltage for the light source. This high voltage generates a current flow within the luminous means, which partially ionizes the gas mixture and thus makes it low-impedance. Thereafter, the current also flows at normal operating voltage through the light source, which is nevertheless high-frequency by the electronic ballast.
Der Nachteil dieser herkömmlichen Leuchtmittel ist jedoch eine relativ hohe Verlustleistung bei den VGs, sowie hohe Herstellungskosten bei den EVGs. Heutzutage sind mehr EVGs in Benutzung als die verlustreichen KVGs. Nach einer europäischen Richtlinie sollen diese Leuchtmittel jedoch mittelfristig abgeschafft werden und mit energiesparenden Leuchtmitteln ersetzt werden. The disadvantage of these conventional bulbs, however, is a relatively high power loss in the VGs, as well as high production costs for ECGs. Today, more electronic ballasts are in use than the lossy CCGs. However, according to a European directive, these lamps are to be abolished in the medium term and replaced with energy-saving lamps.
Dadurch gibt es bereits Leuchtmittel, die statt ionisiertem Gas in Verbindung mit beschichtetem Glas als Leuchtkörper, LEDs als Leuchtköper verwenden. Nachteilig bei diesen Leuchtmitteln ist jedoch, dass sie mit den vorhandenen Fassungen und/oder Lampensystemen für die Leuchtmittel nicht kompatibel sind, da diese Leuchtmittel nicht mit den oben genannten Vorschaltgeräten funktionieren. Ein Umbau der Fassung und/oder des Lampensystems ist somit notwendig, um LEDs als Leuchtkörper betreiben zu können, da diese nicht mit variabler und/oder zu hoher Betriebsspannung betrieben werden können. Es ist somit notwendig, die Versorgungsspannung der LEDs passend zu regulieren. As a result, there are already bulbs that use instead of ionized gas in conjunction with coated glass as a luminous body, LEDs as luminous bodies. A disadvantage of these bulbs, however, is that they are not compatible with the existing sockets and / or lamp systems for the bulbs, as these bulbs do not work with the ballasts mentioned above. A conversion of the socket and / or the lamp system is thus necessary in order to operate LEDs as a luminous body, as they can not be operated with variable and / or high operating voltage. It is thus necessary to adjust the supply voltage of the LEDs appropriately.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es also, ein Leuchtmittel, welches LEDs als Leuchtkörper verwendet, bereitzustellen, welches Kompatibel zu den Anschlüssen von herkömmlichen Fassungen für Leuchtstoffröhren ist und welches durch die vorhandenen Vorschaltgeräte (KVG oder EVG) betrieben werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Das erfindungsgemäße Leuchtmittel ist ebenfalls als prismenförmige Röhre mit elektrischen Anschlüssen an beiden Enden ausgebildet. Dadurch lässt sich das erfindungsgemäße Leuchtmittel problemlos in vorhandene Fassungen für Leuchtstoffröhren einsetzen. Statt dem Gasgemisch und einer speziellen Beschichtung weist die vorliegende Erfindung jedoch mindestens eine LED als Leuchtkörper auf. Damit diese LEDs nicht durch variable oder zu hohe Betriebsspannungen beschädigt werden, wird eine Versorgungsspannung für die LEDs aus der jeweils vorhandenen Betriebsspannung generiert. The object of the present invention is thus to provide a luminous means which uses LEDs as luminous bodies, which is compatible with the connections of conventional sockets for fluorescent tubes and which can be operated by the existing ballasts (CCGs or electronic ballasts). This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The luminous means according to the invention is likewise designed as a prismatic tube with electrical connections at both ends. As a result, the luminous means according to the invention can be used without problems in existing sockets for fluorescent tubes. However, instead of the gas mixture and a special coating, the present invention has at least one LED as a luminous body. So that these LEDs are not damaged by variable or too high operating voltages, a supply voltage for the LEDs is generated from the respective operating voltage.
Dazu ist es zunächst notwendig, dass das Leuchtmittel erkennt, ob ein KVG oder ein EVG zum Betrieb des Leuchtmittels verwendet wird. Zur Erkennung ist eine Wechselspannungsidentifikation im Leuchtmittel vorgesehen. Diese kann durch Mittel für eine Frequenzmessung geschehen und/oder durch Spannungsmessung. Bei der Frequenzmessung wird festgestellt, ob gerade eine hochfrequente Betriebsspannung an den Anschlüssen anliegt. Da die hochfrequenten Spannungen der EVGs wesentlich höher liegen als die normale Netzfrequenz von 50 oder 60 Hz (beispielsweise bei 40 KHz), sind sie durch Frequenzmessung einfach festzustellen. Bei der Spannungsmessung wird die Höhe der Spannung gemessen. Da die EVGs versuchen, eine Resonanz im Leuchtmittel hervorzurufen, entstehen höhere Betriebsspannungen als bei KVGs in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Durch ein Mittel zur induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung (beispielsweise durch einen entsprechenden Hochfrequenz- oder RF-Übertrager oder ein einsprechend optimierter und/oder angepasster Breitbandübertrager) ist der elektrische Widerstand am Anschluss des Leuchtmittels ähnlich zu dem Widerstand am Anschluss handelsüblicher Leuchtstoffröhren. Somit kann durch Spannungsmessung ebenfalls einfach festgestellt werden, welche Art von Vorschaltgerät benutzt wird. For this purpose, it is first necessary that the light source detects whether a CCG or a ballast is used to operate the bulb. To detect an AC voltage identification is provided in the bulb. This can be done by means for a frequency measurement and / or by voltage measurement. During the frequency measurement, it is determined whether a high-frequency operating voltage is currently being applied to the connections. Since the high-frequency voltages of the ECGs are much higher than the normal mains frequency of 50 or 60 Hz (for example, at 40 kHz), they are easily detected by frequency measurement. In the voltage measurement, the height of the voltage is measured. Since the ECGs try to cause a resonance in the lamp, higher operating voltages than in KVGs in connection with the device according to the invention arise. By means of inductive high-frequency transmission (for example, by a corresponding high-frequency or RF transformer or a suitably optimized and / or adapted broadband transformer), the electrical resistance at the terminal of the lamp is similar to the resistance at the connection of commercially available fluorescent tubes. Thus, it can also be easily determined by voltage measurement, which type of ballast is used.
Die Spannungs- und/oder Frequenzmessung zur Detektion des benutzten Vorschaltgerätes kann ebenfalls durch eingebaute Kapazitäten, wie Kondensatoren, bzw. Induktivitäten, wie Spulen, geschehen. Hier wird durch Messung des Blindwiderstandes an der jeweiligen Kapazität bzw. Induktivität festgestellt, ob eine niedrige Frequenz (KVG) oder eine hohe Frequenz (EVG) zum Betreiben des Leuchtmittels verwendet wird. Bei kapazitiver Detektion steigt der Blindwiderstand der Kapazität. Wenn die Frequeng dep angelegtenj Spannung niedrig ist (KVG), kann an der Kapazität eine relativ hohe Spannung detektiert werden, da der Blindwiderstand relativ hoch ist. Bei Betrieb an einem EVG kann eine relativ niedrige Spannung an Kapazität detektiert werden, da bei steigender Frequenz der Spannung der Blindwiderstand der Kapazität abnimmt. Entgegengesetzt verhält es sich bei Induktivitäten, wie bei der Spule. Hier besitzt bei niedriger Frequenz die Induktivität einen relativ niedrigen Blindwiderstand und bei hoher Frequenz einen relativ hohen Blindwiderstand. Dementsprechend kann bei Betrieb mit einem KVG eine geringe Spannung an der Induktivität gemessen werden und bei Betrieb an einem EVG eine relativ hohe Spannung. Durch Messung der Spannung an der Kapazität bzw. Induktivität oder durch Widerstandsmessung oder durch Messung der Stromstärke kann auf die jeweilige Frequenz der angelegten Versorgungsspannung geschlossen werden. The voltage and / or frequency measurement for the detection of the ballast used can also be done by built-in capacitors, such as capacitors, or inductors, such as coils. This is done by measuring the reactance at the respective capacitance or inductance determines whether a low frequency (KVG) or a high frequency (ECG) is used to operate the lamp. Capacitive detection increases the reactance of the capacitance. When the frequency depended voltage is low (KVG), a relatively high voltage can be detected at the capacitance because the reactance is relatively high. When operating on an electronic ballast, a relatively low voltage across the capacitor can be detected because as the frequency of the voltage increases, the reactance of the capacitor decreases. The opposite is true for inductors, as in the case of the coil. Here, at low frequency, the inductor has a relatively low reactance and at high frequency a relatively high reactance. Accordingly, a low voltage can be measured at the inductance when operating with a CCG and a relatively high voltage when operating on a ballast. By measuring the voltage across the capacitance or inductance or by resistance measurement or by measuring the current intensity can be concluded that the respective frequency of the applied supply voltage.
Nach der erfolgreichen Erkennung des Vorschaltgeräts muss aus der jeweils vorhandenen Betriebsspannung eine Versorgungsspannung für den Leuchtkörper erzeugt werden. Dazu sind zwei getrennte Spannungserzeugungen innerhalb des Leuchtmittels vorgesehen. Damit diese nicht gleichzeitig betrieben werden, sind sie schaltungstechnisch voneinander getrennt. Diese Trennung übernimmt mindestens ein elektrischer oder elektronischer Schalter. Dieser kann zum Beispiel ein Relais, ein TRIAC oder ähnliches sein. Angesteuert werden diese Relais durch die Wechselspannungsidentifikation. Dadurch entstehen in dem Leuchtmittel zwei Betriebsmodi. After the successful detection of the ballast, a supply voltage for the lamp must be generated from the existing operating voltage. For this purpose, two separate voltage generations are provided within the lamp. So that they are not operated simultaneously, they are separated from each other by circuitry. This separation is carried out by at least one electrical or electronic switch. This can be, for example, a relay, a TRIAC or similar. These relays are controlled by AC voltage identification. This creates two operating modes in the light source.
Die Ansteuerung des elektrischen oder elektronischen Schalters geschieht, wie oben beschrieben, durch geeignete Mittel zur Frequenzmessung oder Spannungsmessung an den oben beschriebenen Bauteilen. Bei Benutzung von Kapazitäten, wie Kondensatoren oder Induktivitäten, wie Spulen, kann aber auch das Bauteil selber zur Umschaltung des elektronischen oder elektrischen Schalters benutzt werden. Kapazitäten bieten bei hoher Frequenz durch ihren kleinen Blindwiderstand einen ausreichenden Stromfluss, um einen entsprechenden elektrischen oder elektronischen Schalter zu betätigen. Bei niedrigen Frequenzen ist der Blindwiderstand jedoch so hoch, dass der Stromfluss nicht ausreicht, um den entsprechenden elektronischen oder elektronischen Schalter zu betätigen. Bei Induktivitäten, wie Spulen, kann die Spule um einen ferromagnetischen Kern gewickelt sein, dem eine weitere angepasste Spulenwicklung hinzugefügt wird. Über die induktive Spannungsübertragung auf diese weitere Spule kann bei hohen Frequenzen ausreichend elektrische Energie übertragen werden, um den elektrischen oder elektronischen Schalter zu betätigen. Auch hierbei wird bei niedriger Frequenz nicht genügend Energie übertragen, um das Ansteuern des elektrischen oder elektronischen Schalters zu ermöglichen. The control of the electrical or electronic switch is done, as described above, by suitable means for frequency measurement or voltage measurement on the components described above. When using capacitors, such as capacitors or inductors, such as coils, but also the component itself can be used to switch the electronic or electrical switch. Due to their small reactance, capacitors offer a sufficient flow of current at a high frequency appropriate electrical or electronic switch to operate. At low frequencies, however, the reactance is so high that the current flow is insufficient to operate the corresponding electronic or electronic switch. For inductors, such as coils, the coil may be wound around a ferromagnetic core to which another matched coil winding is added. By means of the inductive voltage transmission to this further coil, sufficient electrical energy can be transmitted at high frequencies in order to actuate the electrical or electronic switch. Again, at low frequency not enough energy is transmitted to allow the driving of the electrical or electronic switch.
Im ersten Betriebsmodus wird eine niederfrequente Spannung als Betriebsspannung erkannt (KVG). Die Betriebsspannung des Leuchtmittels wird einer Gleichrichtung zugeführt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen AC/DC Standard LED Treiber geschehen. Die Wechselspannungsidentifikation steuert den Schalter nun so an, dass die gleichgerichtete Betriebsspannung des Leuchtmittels als Versorgungsspannung den LEDs zugeführt wird. In the first operating mode, a low-frequency voltage is detected as the operating voltage (KVG). The operating voltage of the lamp is supplied to a rectification. This can be done for example by an AC / DC standard LED driver. The alternating voltage identification controls the switch now so that the rectified operating voltage of the lamp is supplied as a supply voltage to the LEDs.
Im zweiten Betriebsmodus wird eine hochfrequente Spannung als Betriebsspannung erkannt (EVG). Die hochfrequente Betriebsspannung des Leuchtmittels wird über Mittel zur induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung induktiv übertragen und einer zweiten, entsprechenden Gleichrichtung zugeführt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Hochfrequenz-Transgormator mit LED Treiber geschehen. Die Betriebsspannung kann dabei sinus-, sägezahn- oder rechteckförmig sein. Die Wechselspannungsidentifikation steuert den Schalter nun so an, dass die gleichgerichtete hochfrequente Betriebsspannung des Leuchtmittels als Versorgungsspannung den LEDs zugeführt wird. Das Mittel zur induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung dient also zur Übertragung der Versorgungsspannung und somit des Versorgungsstroms im Falle von EVGs und gleichzeitig als simulierte elektrische Leitung an den Anschlüssen im Falle von KVGs und EVGs. Durch die simulierten Anschlüsse werden die erfindungsgemäßen Leuchtmittel auch bei einer Fehlerdetektion, wie sie von EVGs ausgeführt werden, als normale Leuchtmittel erkannt und nicht als fehlerhaft deklariert. In the second operating mode, a high-frequency voltage is detected as the operating voltage (ECG). The high-frequency operating voltage of the luminous means is inductively transmitted via means for inductive high-frequency transmission and fed to a second, corresponding rectification. This can be done for example by a high-frequency transgormator with LED driver. The operating voltage can be sinusoidal, sawtooth or rectangular. The alternating voltage identification controls the switch now so that the rectified high-frequency operating voltage of the lamp is supplied as a supply voltage to the LEDs. The means for inductive high-frequency transmission thus serves to transmit the supply voltage and thus the supply current in the case of electronic ballasts and at the same time as a simulated electrical line at the terminals in the case of CCGs and electronic ballasts. As a result of the simulated connections, the illuminants according to the invention are recognized as normal illuminants even in the case of fault detection, as they are performed by electronic ballasts, and are not declared as faulty.
Zum Schutz vor Verpolung der Anschlüsse ist mindestens ein Phasenrichter und/oder Nullrichter vorgesehen. Diese detektieren die Phasenlage der elektrischen Anschlüsse. Über die Wechselspannungsidentifikation und den Schalter werden die Phasen- und/oder Nullrichter nur im Falle der KVGs zugeschaltet. Bei dem zweiten Betriebsmodus ist eine Verpolung unerheblich, da die Versorgungsspannung nur über die induktive Übertragung erzeugt wird. Bei dem ersten Betriebsmodus jedoch, muss eine richtige Polung gewährleistet sein. At least one phase judge and / or zero judge is provided to protect against reverse polarity of the terminals. These detect the phase position of the electrical connections. About the AC identification and the switch, the phase and / or zero rectifier are connected only in the case of KVGs. In the second operating mode, a reverse polarity is irrelevant, since the supply voltage is generated only via the inductive transmission. In the first operating mode, however, a correct polarity must be ensured.
Die Versorgungsspannung wird dann dem Leuchtkörper zugeführt. Die LEDs geben dann Energie in Form von Licht ab. Hierbei kann die Anzahl der LEDs variieren, um verschiedene Leuchtstärken zu realisieren. Durch diese erfindungsgemäßen Leuchtmittel ist es möglich, sie ohne Umbau vorhandener Fassungen für Leuchtstoffröhren mit beliebigen Vorschaltgeräten zu betreiben. Ein einfaches Auswechseln des Leuchtmittels genügt. The supply voltage is then supplied to the luminous element. The LEDs then emit energy in the form of light. In this case, the number of LEDs can vary in order to realize different luminous intensities. By means of these illuminants according to the invention, it is possible to operate them without conversion existing versions for fluorescent tubes with any ballasts. A simple replacement of the bulb is sufficient.
Durch Mittel zur Messung der Eingangsspannung kann vor oder hinter dem Mittel zur induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung entsprechend der gemessenen Eingangsspannung ein elektronischer Widerstand angesteuert werden, der die Versorgungsspannung der LEDs und somit die Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels reguliert. By means for measuring the input voltage, an electronic resistor can be controlled in front of or behind the means for inductive high-frequency transmission in accordance with the measured input voltage, which regulates the supply voltage of the LEDs and thus the brightness of the luminous means.
Zur Leistungsanpassung der Vorrichtung an den angeschlossenen Leuchtkörper und/oder zur Leistungsanpassung an das verwendete EVG kann die primärseitige Stromaufnahme der induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung durch sekundärseitig angebrachte Mittel zur Festlegung der maximalen Spannung und/oder des maximalen Stroms auf der Sekundärseite des Hochfrequenzübertragers eingestellt werden. Durch Zwischeneingriffe und/oder Abgriffe auf der primären und/oder sekundären Seite des Hochfrequenzübertragers lässt sich mittels der vorgenannten Mittel zur Festlegung der maximalen Spannung und des maximalen Stroms auf der Sekundärseite, der primärseitige Strom variabel gestalten, um in verschiedenen Frequenzbereichen der EVGs einen optimalen Arbeitsbereich zu gewährleisten. In order to match the power of the device to the connected luminous element and / or to adapt the power to the used electronic ballast, the primary-side current consumption of the inductive high-frequency transmission can be adjusted by secondary-side means for determining the maximum voltage and / or the maximum current on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer. By intervening and / or taps on the primary and / or secondary side of the high-frequency transformer can be by means of the aforementioned means for Determining the maximum voltage and the maximum current on the secondary side, making the primary-side current variable in order to ensure an optimal working range in different frequency ranges of the ECGs.
Statt KVGs oder EVGs werden oft auch sogenannte VVGs genannt. Diese habe das gleiche Funktionsprinzip wie KVGs, nur die VVGs sind so optimiert, dass weniger Verlustleistung beim Betrieb solcher Leuchtmittel entsteht. Da das Funktionsprinzip jedoch gleich ist zu den KVGs, kann das erfindungsgemäße Leuchtmittel auch mit VVGs betrieben werden. Instead of KVGs or ECGs often called so-called VVGs. These have the same functional principle as KVGs, only the VVGs are optimized so that less power loss occurs when operating such lamps. However, since the operating principle is the same as the CCGs, the lighting device according to the invention can also be operated with VVGs.
In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand in einem Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt. Es zeigt: In the drawing, the subject invention is shown in one embodiment. It shows:
Fig. 1 : ein elektrisches Schaltprinzip des erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 1: an electrical switching principle of the invention
Leuchtmittels,  Lamp,
Fig. 2: Schaltbild zur Erkennung der Frequenz der Betriebsspannung für das Leuchtmittel. Fig. 2: circuit diagram for detecting the frequency of the operating voltage for the lighting means.
In der Figur 1 ist ein Schaltprinzip dargestellt mit einem beispielhaften Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Leuchtmittels. Alle gezeigten Elemente sind innerhalb des Leuchtmittels angeordnet. Zwei elektrische Anschlüsse (Gl 3 Sockel) sind vorgesehen, über welche elektrische Energie dem Leuchtmittel zugeführt werden kann. Dies ist die Betriebsspannung des Leuchtmittels. An einem der beiden Anschlüsse wird die Wechselspannung abgegriffen und einer Wechselspannungsidentifikation (90-265 VAC Identifikation) zugeführt. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel werden Wechselspannungen zwischen 90 und 265 Volt mit 50 oder 60Hz detektiert. Die Wechselspannungsidentifikation steuert zwei Relais an (Rei l und Rel2). Diese trennen die beiden Betriebsmodi voneinander. Sind die beiden Relais (Rei l und Rel2) in der Ruhelage, wurde Betriebsmodus 2 detektiert. Das bedeutet, dass ein hochfrequentes Signal als Betriebsspannung an den Anschlüssen anliegt und somit ein EVG vorhanden ist. Uber die induktive Hochfrequenzübertragung, welche als zwei Transformatoren ' dargestellt ist, wird die hochfrequente Betriebsspannung abgegriffen und einer Spannungs- und Stromanpassung zugeführt (Hochfrequenz Transformation LED Treiber). Über die beiden Ausgänge der Anpassung (OUT- und OUT+) und den Relais Reil und Rel2 wird die angepasste Betriebsspannung als Versorgungsspannung dem Leuchtkörper, welcher aus LEDs besteht, zugeführt. Diese leuchten dann. FIG. 1 shows a switching principle with an exemplary construction of a luminous means according to the invention. All elements shown are arranged inside the lamp. Two electrical connections (Gl 3 socket) are provided, via which electrical energy can be supplied to the light source. This is the operating voltage of the lamp. At one of the two connections, the AC voltage is tapped and fed to an AC identification (90-265 VAC identification). In this embodiment, AC voltages between 90 and 265 volts are detected at 50 or 60Hz. The AC identification controls two relays (Rei l and Rel2). These separate the two operating modes from each other. If the two relays (Rei l and Rel2) in the rest position, operating mode 2 was detected. This means that a high-frequency signal is present as operating voltage at the terminals and thus an ECG is present. About the inductive high-frequency transmission, which is shown as two transformers ' , the high-frequency operating voltage is tapped and supplied to a voltage and current adjustment (high-frequency transformation LED driver). Via the two outputs of the adaptation (OUT and OUT +) and the relays Reil and Rel2, the adjusted operating voltage is supplied as supply voltage to the luminous element, which consists of LEDs. These will light up.
Durch die induktive Spannungsübertragung sind sehr geringe Verlustleitungen realisierbar. Due to the inductive voltage transmission very low loss lines can be realized.
Stellt die Wechselspannungsidentifikation eine Wechselspannung innerhalb 90- 265 Volt bei 50 oder 60Hz fest, steuert sie die beiden Relais (Rei l und Rel2) an, die dann beide aus der Ruhelage in die Betriebslage schalten. Dabei schalten sie die Versorgungsspannung so um, dass sie nun einer anderen Gleichrichtung (AC/DC Standard LED Treiber) an dessen Ausgängen (OUT- und OUT+) entnommen wird. Diese Gleichrichtung wird von der normalen Betriebsspannung gespeist. Zusätzlich schalten die beiden Relais (Rei l und Rel2) zwei Phasenrichter (Phasen- / Nullrichter) auf die Betriebsspannung an den elektrischen Anschlüssen, welche die Aufgabe haben, eine Verpolung der Anschlüsse zu verhindern. Die beiden Phasenrichter sorgen dafür, dass am Eingang der Gleichrichtung im Betriebsmodus 1 immer eine Betriebsspannung mit gleicher Phasenlage anliegt. Sie verhindern somit eine ungewollte Beschädigung des Leuchtmittels. If the AC identification detects an AC voltage within 90- 265 volts at 50 or 60Hz, it triggers the two relays (Rei l and Rel2), which then switch both from the rest position to the operating position. In doing so, they switch the supply voltage so that it is now taken from another rectification (AC / DC standard LED driver) at its outputs (OUT and OUT +). This rectification is powered by the normal operating voltage. In addition, the two relays (Rei l and Rel2) switch two phase rectifiers (phase / neutral rectifier) to the operating voltage at the electrical connections, which have the task of preventing reverse polarity of the connections. The two phase rectifiers ensure that at the input of the rectification in operating mode 1 there is always an operating voltage with the same phase position. They thus prevent unwanted damage to the bulb.
Zur Entstörung und zur weiteren Verhinderung von Verlustleistung ist eine Kompensation des induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragers vorgesehen (Kapazitive Kompensation). Dadurch soll eine Phasenverschiebung zwischen übertragener Spannung und dem erzeugten Stromfluss verhindert werden, die entsprechende Verlustleistungen mit sich bringen würde. Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erkennung der Frequenz der Betriebsspannung und eine entsprechende Umschaltung der beiden Betriebsmodi. Wenn eine niederfrequente Betriebsspannung aus einem KVG eingespeist wird (an dem Punkt Kl und K2), so weist die Kapazität C l einen relativ hohen Blindwiderstand auf und ermöglicht so keinen genügend hohen Stromfluss um das Relais Rel zu schalten. Anders hingegen verhält sich die Induktivität LI , welche bei niedrigen Frequenzen einen relativ geringen Blindwiderstand aufweist und somit einen ausreichenden Strom für Re2 liefert. Somit schaltet bei Betrieb der Vorrichtung unter einem KVG Re2 und Rel schaltet nicht. Die niederfrequente Spannungszuführung an Kl und K2 wird über Re2 zu dem„AC Drive"-Bauteil geführt, welches den Betriebsmodus unter einem KVG darstellt. For suppression and further prevention of power loss, a compensation of the inductive high-frequency transformer is provided (capacitive compensation). This is intended to prevent a phase shift between transmitted voltage and the generated current flow, which would bring about corresponding power losses. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the detection of the frequency of the operating voltage and a corresponding switching of the two operating modes. When a low-frequency operating voltage is supplied from a CCG (at the point K1 and K2), the capacitance C L has a relatively high reactance and thus does not allow a sufficiently high current flow to switch the relay Rel. By contrast, the inductance LI behaves differently, which has a relatively low reactance at low frequencies and thus supplies a sufficient current for Re2. Thus, when operating the device under a KVG Re2 switches and Rel does not switch. The low-frequency power supply to Kl and K2 is routed via Re2 to the "AC Drive" component, which represents the operating mode under a CCG.
Erfolgt die Spannungszufuhr an Kl und K2 hochfrequent über ein EVG, so hat durch die hohe Frequenz die Kapazität Cl einen relativ niedrigen Blindwiderstand, welcher einen ausreichenden Stromfluss zu Rel gewährleistet. Der Blindwiderstand der Induktivität LI hingegen ist nun durch die hohe Frequenz der Betriebsspannung relativ hoch und der Stromfluss durch LI reicht nicht aus, um Re2 anzusteuern. Somit schaltet Rel und Re2 nicht. Die Spannungszuführung an Kl und K2 wird nunmehr über Re2 zu dem „HF Drive"-Bauteil geleitet, welches den Betriebsmodus unter einem EVG darstellt. If the voltage supply to Kl and K2 is high-frequency via an electronic ballast, the high frequency causes the capacitance Cl to have a relatively low reactance, which ensures sufficient current flow to Rel. The reactance of the inductance LI, however, is now relatively high due to the high frequency of the operating voltage and the current flow through LI is not sufficient to drive Re2. Thus Rel and Re2 do not switch. The voltage supply to Kl and K2 is now routed via Re2 to the "HF Drive" component, which represents the operating mode under an ECG.
Auf der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand nur beispielsweise verwirklicht. Diese ist nicht darauf beschränkt. Vielmehr sind noch andere Ausführungen und Abwandlungen denkbar. Beispielsweise könnte die Kompensation der induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung durch andere Mittel statt kapazitive geschehen oder es können andere Leuchtkörper als LEDs verwendet werden, beispielsweise OLEDs oder Plasmaleuchten. Ebenso ist die prismenförmige Röhre nicht auf einen runden Querschnitt begrenzt. Ebenso sind eckige, ovale oder andere Querschnitte denkbar. Denkbar ist auch, für die angepasste und optimierte Hochfrequenzübertragung bei konstanter Wicklungszahl des Hochfrequenzübertragers den Induktivwert mittels eines ferromagnetischen Kerns und/oder zweier Kernhälften zur Luftspaltbildung auf die benötigen Frequenzen und/oder Stromwerte anzupassen. In the drawing, the subject invention is realized only for example. This is not limited to this. Rather, other designs and modifications are conceivable. For example, the compensation of the inductive high-frequency transmission by other means instead of capacitive could happen or it can be used other than LEDs, such as OLEDs or plasma lamps. Likewise, the prismatic tube is not limited to a round cross-section. Likewise, angular, oval or other cross-sections are conceivable. It is also conceivable to adapt the inductive value to the required frequencies and / or current values by means of a ferromagnetic core and / or two core halves for the adapted and optimized high-frequency transmission with a constant number of turns of the high-frequency transformer.

Claims

A n s p rü ch e :  Claims :
Leuchtmittel zur Verwendung in herkömmlichen Fassungen für Leuchtstoffröhren, wobei das Leuchtmittel als prismenförmige Röhre ausgebildet ist, welches jeweils am Ende der Röhre einen elektrischen Anschluss besitzt, mit einem Leuchtkörper zur Emission von Licht, wobei mindestens eine LED als Leuchtkörper vorgesehen ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das Leuchtmittel eine Erkennung umfasst, welche erkennt, ob als Betriebsspannung eine niederfrequente Wechselspannung oder eine hochfrequente Wechselspannung am Leuchtmittel anliegt, dass das Leuchtmittel durch diese Erkennung in eine von zwei Betriebsmodi überführt wird, wobei bei dem ersten Betriebsmodus die Versorgungsspannung für den Leuchtkörper mittels der gleichgerichteten Betriebsspannung erzeugt wird und bei dem zweiten Betriebsmodus die Versorgungsspannung für den Leuchtkörper mittels einer induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung erzeugt wird. Illuminant for use in conventional sockets for fluorescent tubes, wherein the illuminant is formed as a prismatic tube having an electrical connection at the end of the tube, with a luminous element for emitting light, wherein at least one LED is provided as a luminous element, characterized in that Illuminant comprises a detection, which detects whether the operating voltage is a low-frequency AC voltage or a high-frequency AC voltage applied to the light source, that the light source is converted by this detection in one of two operating modes, wherein in the first operating mode, the supply voltage for the filament by means of the rectified operating voltage is generated and in the second operating mode, the supply voltage for the luminous element is generated by means of a high-frequency inductive transmission.
Leuchtmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erkennung innerhalb des Leuchtmittels zur Umschaltung zwischen den beiden Betriebsmodi durch Mittel für eine Frequenzmessung geschieht. Illuminant according to Claim 1, characterized in that the detection within the luminous means for switching between the two operating modes is effected by means for a frequency measurement.
Leuchtmittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erkennung innerhalb des Leuchtmittels zur Umschaltung zwischen den beiden Betriebsmodi durch Mittel für eine Spannungsmessung geschieht. Illuminant according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the detection within the luminous means for switching between the two operating modes is effected by means for a voltage measurement.
4. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erkennung innerhalb des Leuchtmittels zur Umschaltung zwischen den beiden Betriebsmodi mittels dem frequenzabhängigen Blindwiderstand von kapazitiven oder induktiven Bauteilen geschieht. 4. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the detection occurs within the light source for switching between the two operating modes by means of the frequency-dependent reactance of capacitive or inductive components.
5. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die induktive Hochfrequenzübertragung durch einen entsprechenden Hochfrequenz- oder RF-Übertrager oder Breitbandübertrager geschieht. 5. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inductive high frequency transmission is done by a corresponding high-frequency or RF transformer or broadband transformer.
6. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Versorgungsspannung für den Leuchtkörper gleichgerichtet wird. 6. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the supply voltage for the luminous body is rectified.
7. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die induktive Hochfrequenzübertragung kapazitiv kompensiert wird, insbesondere durch Kondensatoren. 7. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inductive high-frequency transmission is capacitively compensated, in particular by capacitors.
8. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im zweiten Betriebsmodus die Betriebsspannung sinusförmig oder sägezahnförmig oder rechteckförmig ist. 8. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the second operating mode, the operating voltage is sinusoidal or sawtooth or rectangular.
9. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Phasenrichter vorgesehen ist, um Schutz vor Verpolung der elektrischen Anschlüsse zu gewährleisten. 9. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one phase judge is provided to ensure protection against reverse polarity of the electrical connections.
10. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Nullrichter vorgesehen ist, um Schutz vor Verpolung der elektrischen Anschlüsse zu gewährleisten. 10. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one zero-judge is provided to ensure protection against reverse polarity of the electrical connections.
1 1. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, die Umschaltung zwischen den beiden Betriebsmodi durch mindestens ein Relais geschieht. 1 1. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the switching between the two operating modes is done by at least one relay.
12. Leuchtmittel nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Relais in Abhängigkeit des Stromflusses durch das kapazitive bzw. induktive Bauelement angesteuert wird, welcher frequenzabhängig durch den Blindwiderstand des kapazitiven oder induktiven Bauteils steigt oder sinkt. 12. Lamp according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the relay is controlled in dependence of the current flow through the capacitive or inductive component, which frequency-dependent by the Reactance of the capacitive or inductive component increases or decreases.
13. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrischen Anschlüsse jeweils zwei Pole aufweisen. 13. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the electrical connections each have two poles.
14. Leuchtmittel nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsspannung an beiden Polen eines Anschlusses oder an mindestens einem Pol beider Anschlüsse abgegriffen wird. 14. Lamp according to claim 13, characterized in that the operating voltage is tapped at both poles of a terminal or at least one pole of both terminals.
15. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Mittel zur Messung der Eingangsspannung ein elektrischer Widerstand angesteuert wird, welcher die Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels regelt. 15. Illuminant according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that an electrical resistance is controlled by means for measuring the input voltage, which regulates the brightness of the luminous means.
16. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primärseitige Stromaufnahme der induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung durch sekundärseitig angebrachte Mittel zur Festlegung der maximalen Spannung und/oder des maximalen Stroms eingestellt wird. 16. Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the primary-side current consumption of the inductive high-frequency transmission is adjusted by secondary side mounted means for determining the maximum voltage and / or the maximum current.
17. Leuchtmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur induktiven Hochfrequenzübertragung ein Übertrager mit konstanter Wicklungszahl ist, der einen beweglichen ferromagnetischen Kern und/oder zwei Kernhälften aufweist, um einen veränderbaren Luftspalt zwischen den Kernhälften zu gewährleisten. 17. Lamp according to one of claims 5 to 16, characterized in that the means for inductive high-frequency transmission is a transformer with a constant number of windings having a movable ferromagnetic core and / or two core halves to ensure a variable air gap between the core halves.
PCT/EP2012/001113 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Light-emitting means for use in conventional lampholders for fluorescent tubes WO2012139691A1 (en)

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