WO2012113447A1 - Coherent transceiver for an optical network - Google Patents
Coherent transceiver for an optical network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012113447A1 WO2012113447A1 PCT/EP2011/052673 EP2011052673W WO2012113447A1 WO 2012113447 A1 WO2012113447 A1 WO 2012113447A1 EP 2011052673 W EP2011052673 W EP 2011052673W WO 2012113447 A1 WO2012113447 A1 WO 2012113447A1
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- laser
- modulator
- splitter
- control means
- transceiver according
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/564—Power control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/40—Transceivers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
Definitions
- WDM wavelengths
- the first output of the polarization beam splitter is connected to a first beam splitter and the second output of the polarization beam splitter is connected to a second beam splitter. It is noted that the polarization beam splitter provides two outputs, each corresponding to a particular
- the local signal processing branch comprises a second splitter with two outputs, wherein the first output is connected to the second beam splitter and the second output is connected via a phase shifter to the first beam splitter.
- Fig.3 shows a schematic block diagram of steps that
- the signal level control means 102 can be an amplifier or an attenuator.
- the splitter 103 may be an optical splitter with a fixed ratio (e.g., a 50:50 ratio) or an adjustable power splitter.
- a splitter factor control unit 126 can be provided to adjust the splitting factor of the splitter 103. It is a particular option that the splitter 103 is adjusted via the control unit 126 thereby omitting the signal level control means 104, 121.
- a first output of the splitter 103 is fed via a signal level control means 104 to a modulator 105.
- the modulator 105 can be realized as an IQ-modulator, an electro- absorption modulator (EAM) , a semiconductor optical
- a data signal 125 (conveying, e.g., an electrical payload signal) is conveyed via a modulator driver 122 unit to the modulator 105.
- the modulator 105 can be controlled by a modulator control unit 106.
- the output of the modulator 105 is fed via a signal level control means 107 to a splitter 108, which can be any optical means for separating an incoming signal from an outgoing signal.
- the splitter 108 can be realized as an asymmetric splitter, an adjustable splitter or as a circulator.
- processing unit comprising at least one analog-to-digital converter .
- the power level can be a power level of at least one of the signal level control means shown in Fig.l and Fig.2.
- the power level of the signal level control means 110, 127 can be adjusted. It is noted that
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
A coherent transceiver for an optical network is provided, comprising a laser (101) that is connected to a modulation branch and to a local signal processing branch. Also, an optical device and a communication system comprising at least one such optical device are suggested.
Description
Description
Coherent transceiver for an optical network The invention relates to a coherent transceiver for an optical network, to an optical device and to a
communication system comprising at least one such optical device . A passive optical network (PON) is a promising approach regarding fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) , fiber-to-the-business (FTTB) and fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) scenarios, in
particular as it overcomes the economic limitations of traditional point-to-point solutions.
Several PON types have been standardized and are currently being deployed by network service providers worldwide.
Conventional PONs distribute downstream traffic from the optical line terminal (OLT) to optical network units (ONUs) in a broadcast manner while the ONUs send upstream data packets multiplexed in time to the OLT. Hence,
communication among the ONUs needs to be conveyed through the OLT involving electronic processing such as buffering and/or scheduling, which results in latency and degrades the throughput of the network.
In fiber-optic communications, wavelength-division
multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (colors) of laser light to carry different signals. This allows for a multiplication in capacity, in addition to enabling bidirectional
communications over one strand of fiber. WDM systems are divided into different wavelength patterns, conventional or coarse and dense WDM. WDM systems provide, e.g., up to 16 channels in the 3rd transmission window (C-
band) of silica fibers of around 1550 nm. Dense WDM uses the same transmission window but with denser channel spacing. Channel plans vary, but a typical system may use 40 channels at 100 GHz spacing or 80 channels at 50 GHz spacing. Some technologies are capable of 25 GHz spacing. Amplification options enable the extension of the usable wavelengths to the L-band, more or less doubling these numbers . Optical access networks, e.g., coherent Ultra-Dense
Wavelength Division Multiplex (UDWDM) networks, are deemed to be a promising approach for future data access.
Data transmission of spectrally densely spaced wavelengths is utilized by applications as Next Generation Optical
Access (NGOA) systems allowing high data rates of, e.g., 100 Gbit/s.
The solution presented herein suggests a transceiver that could in particular be used in virtual point-to-point connection via an optical fiber.
This is achieved according to the features of the
independent claims. Further embodiments result from the depending claims.
A coherent transceiver (comprising a transmitter and a receiver) for an optical network is provided comprising a laser that is connected to a modulation branch and to a local signal processing branch.
The transceiver is in particular connected to an optical fiber for conveying optical signals (comprising data traffic) to another optical component, e.g., another ONU or an OLT .
In an embodiment, the laser is connected via a first signal level control means to the modulation branch and the signal processing branch. Said first signal level control means can be an amplifier or an attenuator, in particular an SOA.
In another embodiment, the laser is connected via a first splitter to the modulation branch and to the signal
processing branch.
In a further embodiment, the laser is connected
- via the first splitter and a second signal level control means to the modulation branch; and - via the first splitter and a third signal level
control means to the signal processing branch.
It is noted that either the second or the third signal level control means may be omitted. It is also noted that the splitter can be an adjustable splitter.
In a next embodiment, the transceiver comprises a laser control to adjust the laser, in particular tune the
frequency of the laser.
It is also an embodiment that the laser comprises at least one of the following:
- a fixed-wavelength laser;
- a tunable laser;
- a laser array;
- a laser with or without a wavelength locking means;
- a laser with or without a wavelength tracking
means ;
- a thermally stabilized laser.
The wavelength locking mechanism could be realized via an arrayed waveguide (AWG) or a periodic waveguide grating or
fiber bragg grating, which can in particular be
temperature-stabilized .
The laser may be realized as a laser array, wherein selection of a particular wavelength may in particular be achieved via a control signal.
Pursuant to another embodiment, the modulation branch comprises a modulator, in particular at least one of the following :
- an IQ-modulator, in particular an MZM-based IQ- modulator;
- an IQ-modulator based on two two-beam
interferometers ;
- an electro-absorption modulator;
- an semiconductor optical amplifier;
- an MZM;
- a phase modulator;
- a frequency modulator;
- a delay-switch phase modulator;
- a polarization multiplex modulator.
The polarization multiplex modulator can be
- an MZM-based PolMux modulator providing (D) PSK, (D)QPSK or OOK modulation;
- an EAM-based PolMux modulator providing OOK
modulation;
- an SOA-based PolMux modulator providing (D) PSK, (D)QPSK or OOK modulation.
According to an embodiment, the modulator is connected to and/or controlled by a modulator control unit.
The modulator control unit feeds an electrical signal comprising user data to the modulator.
According to another embodiment, the modulator is connected via an asymmetric splitter or via a circulator with an optical fiber. The optical fiber can be connected to another optical component of an optical network, in particular (directly or indirectly to) an ONU or an OLT .
In yet another embodiment, the modulator is connected
- via a fourth signal level control means
and
- via an asymmetric splitter or
- via a circulator
with an optical fiber.
Such fourth signal level control means could be an SOA or a VOA and it may be adjusted by an amplifier or attenuator control unit that is connected to at least this fourth signal level control means.
According to a next embodiment, the asymmetric splitter or the circulator is connected to a polarization beam
splitter, in particular via a fifth signal level control means .
Such fifth signal level control means could be an SOA or a VOA and it may be adjusted by an amplifier or attenuator control unit that is connected to at least this fifth signal level control means.
Pursuant to yet an embodiment, the first output of the polarization beam splitter is connected to a first beam splitter and the second output of the polarization beam splitter is connected to a second beam splitter.
It is noted that the polarization beam splitter provides two outputs, each corresponding to a particular
polarization . According to yet an embodiment, the local signal processing branch comprises a second splitter with two outputs, wherein the first output is connected to the second beam splitter and the second output is connected via a phase shifter to the first beam splitter.
As an alternative, the phase shifter could be deployed between the first output of the second splitter and the second beam splitter. It is also an embodiment that the output of the first beam splitter and the output of the second beam splitter are connected to a converter, e.g., a photo diode array and/or a transimpedance amplifier array. According to a next embodiment, the coherent transceiver is part of a virtual point-to-point connection.
The problem stated above is also solved by an optical device, in particular an optical network unit, comprising at least one coherent transceiver as described herein.
Furthermore, the problem stated above is solved by a communication system comprising at least one optical device or transceiver as described herein.
The problem stated above is also solved by a method for adjusting power in a coherent optical transceiver,
- wherein a receive level of an incoming signal is determined,
- wherein a signal level control means is adjusted dependent on the receive level.
According to an embodiment, the signal level control means is adjusted by increasing the power if the receive level is below a given threshold and by reducing the power if the receive level is above a given threshold.
It is noted that the given threshold may be the same for both cases. It is further noted that the power may be increased, decreased or maintained in case the receive level equals the given threshold. It is in particular noted that different threshold values may be utilized for an upper limit and for a lower limit.
According to a further embodiment, the signal level control means is adjusted by increasing the power if the receive level is below a given threshold only in case the power is below a predetermined minimum power, otherwise the power is maintained .
With this solution it can be avoided that an amplifier is operated above its saturation level. This is in particular beneficial as it allows the transceiver's selectivity.
Embodiments of the invention are shown and illustrated in the following figure:
Fig.l shows a transceiver arrangement with a laser used for modulating an outgoing signal and for
demodulating an incoming signal; Fig.2 shows an alternative embodiment of Fig.l;
Fig.3 shows a schematic block diagram of steps that
allows for an efficient power control scheme utilized at the transceiver.
Fig.l shows a laser 101 (or any other light source) that feeds light via a signal level control means 102 to a
splitter 103. The laser 101 can be a fixed wavelength laser, a tunable laser, a laser with or without a
wavelength locking means or a laser with or without a wavelength tracking means. The laser 101 may in particular be a thermally stabilized laser. The laser 101 may be realized as a laser array. A laser control unit 118 can be provided to tune or adjust the laser 101.
As an option, an optical isolator 129 can be arranged between the laser 101 and the signal level control means
102 and/or an optical isolator 130 can be arranged between the signal level control means 102 and the splitter 103.
The signal level control means 102 can be an amplifier or an attenuator. The splitter 103 may be an optical splitter with a fixed ratio (e.g., a 50:50 ratio) or an adjustable power splitter. A splitter factor control unit 126 can be provided to adjust the splitting factor of the splitter 103. It is a particular option that the splitter 103 is adjusted via the control unit 126 thereby omitting the signal level control means 104, 121.
A first output of the splitter 103 is fed via a signal level control means 104 to a modulator 105. The modulator 105 can be realized as an IQ-modulator, an electro- absorption modulator (EAM) , a semiconductor optical
amplifier (SOA) , an MZM, a phase modulator, a frequency modulator, a delay-switch phase modulator or a polarization multiplex modulator.
A data signal 125 (conveying, e.g., an electrical payload signal) is conveyed via a modulator driver 122 unit to the modulator 105. The modulator 105 can be controlled by a modulator control unit 106. The output of the modulator 105 is fed via a signal level control means 107 to a splitter 108, which can be any optical means for separating an incoming signal from an outgoing signal. The splitter 108
can be realized as an asymmetric splitter, an adjustable splitter or as a circulator.
The output of the splitter 108 is conveyed via a signal level control means 127 onto an optical fiber 119 to another optical component (not shown), e.g., another ONU or OLT.
The optical fiber 119 also provides an incoming optical signal via said signal level control means 127 to the splitter 108 that is further conveyed via a signal level control means 110 to a polarization beam splitter 111. A control unit 109 can be provided to adjust and/or control the signal level control means 107 and/or a control unit 128 can be provided to adjust and/or control the signal level control means 127.
A first output of the polarization beam splitter 111 is fed to a splitter 113 and a second output of the polarization beam splitter 111 is fed to a splitter 112.
On the other hand, a second output of the splitter 103 is connected via a signal level control means 121 to a
splitter 120. The splitter 120 can be an optical 50:50 (polarization preserving) splitter. A first output of the splitter 120 is fed via a polarization converter 116 to the splitter 113 and a second output of the splitter 120 is conveyed to the splitter 112. The polarization converter 116 can be a 90-degree polarization converter, e.g., a lambda/4 dice, a twisted waveguide or a birefringent waveguide .
It is further noted that the splitter 112 and the splitter 113 each in particular provide an equal delay in their output arms. The splitter 112 and 113 can be realized as optical 50:50 splitters.
Moreover, the polarization converter 116 may be realized as any polarization state transformer, e.g., providing a 90- degree phase shift or a circular polarization of light. The two outputs of the beam splitter 113 are connected to a photo diode array 114 and the two outputs of the beam splitter 112 are also connected to this photo diode array 114. Instead of the photo diode array 114, photo diodes, a balanced receiver pair, three balanced receivers or a photo diode pair can be used.
The outputs of the photo diode array 114 are connected to an amplifier 115. This amplifier 115 can be a linear TIA with or without gain control.
The output of the amplifier 115 is connected to a signal processing unit 132, e.g., an analog/digital signal
processing unit comprising at least one analog-to-digital converter .
It is noted that the signal level control means can be realized as amplifiers or attenuators, in particular comprising at least one VOA, SOA or (adjustable) splitter. Preferably the block 117 of the diagram shown in Fig.l realizes a delay difference amounting to less than 5 picoseconds .
The diagram shown in Fig.l can be implemented in an optical network unit (ONU) . It can be a coherent transceiver for an optical network in particular capable of virtual point-to- point connections across an optical network or a portion thereof. The laser 101 provides a light source that is used for modulation purposes by the modulator 105 and as a local oscillator signal for reception purposes (see, e.g., portion 117 of the diagram) .
It is further noted that the TIA-array 115 can be realized as any processing means or amplifier that produces an electrical signal based on the output of the photo diode array 114. This electrical signal can be used for further processing, in particular detecting and/or decoding the incoming (user data) signal.
For monitoring purposes, a monitor diode can be coupled via a tap coupler with or without an amplifying unit
- between the modulator 105 and the signal level
control means 107,
- between the signal level control means 107 and the splitter 108,
- between the signal level control means 127 and the optical fiber 119, and/or
- between the signal level control means 121 and the splitter 120.
A main control unit 123 can be provided that can be coupled via a bus interface 124 to the signal level control means 102, 121, 104, 110, to the laser control unit 118, to the modulator driver 122, to the modulator control unit 106, to the control units 109 and 128, to the splitter factor control unit 126, to the TIA-array 115 and to the signal processing unit 132.
It is noted that the bus interface 124 can be realized as a serial or parallel bus system or as separate control connections. The connection 124 indicates that the main control unit 123 is connected to the several components of the block diagram. The connection may be unidirectional or bidirectional .
It is also noted that the above-mentioned monitoring means can be connected to the main control unit 123 via said bus interface 124.
It is further noted that the polarization beam splitter 111 is connected to the splitter 113 via a waveguide with a given delay D and the polarization beam splitter 111 is connected to the splitter 112 via a waveguide which has a delay that is less than 5ps compared to the delay D.
As an alternative, optical 90-degree hybrids for two states of polarizations can be used instead of the splitters 113 and 112. In this case, the component 114 may comprise four balanced receivers, two states of polarization and 0-degree and 90-degree instead of the photo diode array.
Fig.2 shows a modified transceiver arrangement compared to Fig.l. The polarization converter 116 in Fig.l is omitted, instead a polarization converter 201 is inserted between the signal level control means 121 and the splitter 120 (which in this case is a polarization beam splitter) ; the first output of the splitter 120 is connected to the splitter 113. The polarization converter 201 can be a 90- degree polarization converter, e.g., a lambda/4 dice, a twisted waveguide or a birefringent waveguide.
As an alternative, electro-optical 90-degree hybrids based on two 3x3-couplers 113, 112 (one for each polarization) can be used. In this case, the component 114 may comprise a pair of balanced receivers and single photodiode receivers, each pair for one polarization.
Fig.3 shows a schematic block diagram with steps of a method to adjust a power at an optical transceiver. In a step 301 a receive level of an incoming signal is
determined. In a step 302 it is determined whether the receive level is below a predefined threshold value. In the affirmative, it is checked in a step 303 whether a maximum power has already been reached. If this is the case, the power level is maintained in a step 305, if not, the power level is increased in a step 306. If the receive level is
not below the predetermined threshold, the power level may be maintained or it may be decreased in a step 304.
The power level can be a power level of at least one of the signal level control means shown in Fig.l and Fig.2. In particular the power level of the signal level control means 110, 127 can be adjusted. It is noted that
advantageously, the amplifiers are not operated in
saturation to avoid interference and to increase the selectivity of signals processed at the transceiver.
Promising applications are, e.g., ultra dense wavelength grid optical access systems (also referred to as NGOA) providing for each subscriber or user (or service) a separate wavelength (i.e. at least one wavelength range) . Also, a particular wavelength (i.e. wavelength range) can be assigned to at least one subscriber, user or service.
List of Abbreviations :
AWG Arrayed Waveguide
DPSK Differential PSK
DQPSK Differential QPSK
EAM Electro-Absorption Modulator
FTTB Fiber-to-the-Business /Fiber-to-the-Building
FTTC Fiber-to-the-Curb
FTTH Fiber-to-the-Home
IQ In-phase and Quadrature
LO Local Oscillator
MZM Mach-Zehnder Modulator
NGOA Next Generation Optical Access
OLT Optical Line Terminal
ONU Optical Network Unit
OOK On-Off-Keying
PolMux Polarization Multiplex
PON Passive Optical Network
PSK Phase Shift Keying
QPSK Quadrature PSK
SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
TIA Transimpedance Amplifier
UDWDM Ultra Dense WDM
VOA Variable Optical Attenuator
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
List of References :
101 Laser
102 Signal Level Control Means, e.g., amplifier or attenuator
103 (Adjustable) Splitter
104 Signal Level Control Means, e.g., amplifier or attenuator
105 Modulator
106 Modulator Control Unit
107 Signal Level Control Means, e.g., amplifier or attenuator
108 Splitter or Circulator
109 Control Unit
110 Signal Level Control Means, e.g., amplifier or attenuator
111 Polarization Beam Splitter
112 Splitter
113 Splitter
114 Photo Diode Array
115 Amp1ifier
116 Polarization Converter
117 portion of the transceiver that realizes a delay difference amounting to less than, e.g., 5 picoseconds
118 Laser Control Unit
119 Optical Fiber
120 Splitter
121 Signal Level Control Means, e.g., amplifier or attenuator
122 Modulator Driver
123 Main Control Unit
124 (Bus) Interface
125 Data Signal (to be modulated)
126 Splitter Factor Control Unit
127 Signal Level Control Means, e.g., amplifier or attenuator
Control Unit
Optical Isolator
Optical Isolator
Signal Processing Unit Polarization Converter
Claims
1. Coherent transceiver for an optical network
- comprising a laser (101) that is connected to a
modulation branch and to a local signal processing branch.
2. The transceiver according to claim 1, wherein the
laser (101) is connected via a first signal level control means (102) to the modulation branch and the signal processing branch.
3. The transceiver according to any of the preceding
claims, wherein the laser (101) is connected via a first splitter (103) to the modulation branch and to the signal processing branch.
4. The transceiver according to any of the preceding
claims, wherein the laser (101) is connected
- via the first splitter (103) and a second signal level control means (104) with the modulation branch; and
- via the first splitter (103) and a third signal
level control means (121) with the signal
processing branch.
5. The transceiver according to any of the preceding
claims, comprising a laser control (118) to adjust the laser (101), in particular tune the frequency of the laser (101) .
6. The transceiver according to any of the preceding
claims, wherein the laser (101) comprises at least one of the following:
- a fixed-wavelength laser;
- a tunable laser;
- a laser array;
- a laser with or without a wavelength locking means; - a laser with or without a wavelength tracking means ;
- a thermally stabilized laser.
The transceiver according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the modulation branch comprises a modulator (105), in particular at least one of the following :
- an IQ-modulator, in particular an MZM-based IQ- modulator;
- an IQ-modulator based on two two-beam
interferometers ;
- an electro-absorption modulator;
- a semiconductor optical amplifier;
- an MZM;
- a phase modulator;
- a frequency modulator;
- a delay-switch phase modulator;
- a polarization multiplex modulator.
The transceiver according to claim 7, wherein the modulator (105) is connected to or controlled by a modulator control unit (106) .
The transceiver according to any of claims 7 or 8, wherein the modulator (105) is connected via an asymmetric splitter (108) or via a circulator (108) with an optical fiber (119) .
The transceiver according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the modulator (105) is connected via a fourth signal level control means (107) and via an asymmetric splitter
(108) or via a circulator (108) with an optical fiber
(119) .
The transceiver according to any of claims 9 or 10, wherein the asymmetric splitter (108) or the
circulator (108) are connected to a polarization beam splitter (111), in particular via a fifth signal level control means (110) .
12. The transceiver according to claim 11, wherein the
first output of the polarization beam splitter (111) is connected to a first beam splitter (113) and the second output of the polarization beam splitter (111) is connected to a second beam splitter (112) .
13. The transceiver according to claim 12, wherein the
local signal processing branch comprises a second splitter (120) with two outputs, wherein the first output is connected to the second beam splitter (112) and the second output is connected via a phase shifter (116) to the first beam splitter (113).
14. The transceiver according to any of claims 12 or 13, wherein the output of the first beam splitter (113) and the output of the second beam splitter (112) are connected to a converter (114, 115), in particular a photo diode array (114) and/or a transimpedance amplifier array (115) .
15. The transceiver according to any of the preceding
claims, wherein the coherent transceiver is part of a virtual point-to-point connection.
16. An optical device, in particular an optical network unit, comprising at least one coherent transceiver according to any of the preceding claims.
17. A communication system comprising at least one optical device according to claim 16.
18. A method for adjusting power in a coherent optical transceiver,
- wherein a receive level of an incoming signal is determined (301), - wherein a signal level control means is adjusted (304-306) dependent on the receive level.
The method according to claim 18, wherein the signal level control means is adjusted by increasing the power if the receive level is below a given threshold and by reducing the power if the receive level is above a given threshold.
The method according to any of claims 18 or 19, wherein the signal level control means is adjusted by increasing the power if the receive level is below a given threshold only in case the power is below a predetermined maximum power otherwise the power is maintained .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/052673 WO2012113447A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | Coherent transceiver for an optical network |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/052673 WO2012113447A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | Coherent transceiver for an optical network |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012113447A1 true WO2012113447A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
Family
ID=44625375
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/052673 WO2012113447A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2011-02-23 | Coherent transceiver for an optical network |
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| Country | Link |
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