WO2011079742A1

WO2011079742A1 - Controllable pulse gas energy fracturing machine

Info

Publication number: WO2011079742A1
Application number: PCT/CN2010/080156
Authority: WO
Inventors: 胡民丰; 杨亚宁; 李志平
Original assignee: 西安新产能石油科技有限公司
Priority date: 2009-12-30
Filing date: 2010-12-23
Publication date: 2011-07-07
Also published as: CN101737026B; CN101737026A

Abstract

A controllable pulse gas energy fracturing machine, which is used during oil gas well mining, comprises a gas energy fracturing device (3), an igniter or exploder (1) and a tail plug (5) which are respectively arranged at two ends of the gas energy fracturing device. The gas energy fracturing device is composed of gas energy fracturing assemblies (300). The gas energy fracturing assembly comprises a central pipe (301), an inner powder post (302) filled into the central pipe and an outer powder cylinder (305) arranged outside the central pipe. The wall of the central pipe is provided with decompression and igniting passages (303) and passage sealing covers (304). The igniter or exploder and the inner powder post are connected together through an ignition passage (7). The invention enables the communication of the effective extending net multi-crack structure and the wellbore at the vicinity of the well in the target bed by controlling rate of pressure increase, peak pressure, pressure platform and total energy of gas energy fracturing, and hence improving productivity of the oil gas well in a large scale. The invention also solves the problem of low productivity caused by uncontrollability of the fracturing process and ineffective communication between the stratum and the wellbore in the prior art.

Description

Controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device

Technical field

The invention relates to a fracturing device used in exploration and exploitation of underground oil, gas and water, and particularly relates to a controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device which is especially suitable for oil and gas well exploitation.

Background technique

The key to increasing the productivity of oil and gas wells is the degree of connectivity between the wellbore and the formation.

High-energy gas fracturing technology is one of the measures to increase oil and gas wells. Its function is to form a network-like multi-fracture pattern in the near-wellbore of the target layer, which makes the wellbore and the formation form a high-flow conduction. High-energy gas fracturing technology is mainly divided into two categories: shell high energy gas fracturing and shellless high energy gas fracturing.

The existing shelled high-energy gas fracturing device has a structure that limits the amount of charge, and the charge amount is small, which affects the effect of downhole fracturing, and can effectively realize the effective extension of the crack and the connection between the network and the wellbore with multiple cracks. Make oil and gas wells less productive. If the amount of charge is increased, it is prone to a bombing accident, and there is a safety hazard.

In the existing shellless high-energy gas fracturing device, there is a defect in the ignition heat transfer mechanism. One is that the heat transfer and ignition of the drug column through heat conduction is slow, resulting in low gas pressure fracturing rate, and the gas fracturing rate cannot be increased. Control, affecting the fracturing effect, can not effectively achieve the effective extension of the crack, nor can it achieve the connection between the network and the wellbore, which restricts the productivity of the oil and gas well. The second is that after the fuel column is burned, the central heat transfer aluminum tube will melt and fall into the bottom of the well, forming a well falling object pollution.

Summary of the invention

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a controllable pulsed gas energy fracturing device which solves the technical problem that the fracturing process in the prior art is uncontrollable and the effective communication between the formation and the wellbore cannot be achieved, resulting in low productivity.

The invention adopts high-and low-burning speed and high-energy charge with pressure platform effect, realizes a detonation by using a delay type blasting device between the medicines, and ignites the inner medicine column and the jacket in turn. The high-energy cartridge enables the fracturing process to be controlled, forming a multi-pulse pressure platform, and the effective extension of the crack allows the fracture crack to fully communicate with the original crack of the formation, thereby greatly increasing the productivity of the oil and gas well.

The technical implementation of the present invention is as follows:

A controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device comprises a gas energy fracturing device 3, wherein the gas energy fracturing device is provided with an igniter/initiator 1 at one end and a tail plug 5 at the other end; Cracking device 3 by gas energy fracturing The assembly 300 is constructed such that the igniter/initiator 1 and the inner medicine column 302 in the gas energy fracturing assembly 300 are connected by an ignition passage 7, characterized in that: the gas energy fracturing assembly 300 includes a center tube. 301, an inner drug column 302 loaded in the central tube 301 and an outer drug cartridge 305 mounted on the outside of the central tube 301. The tube wall of the central tube 301 is provided with a vent for the inner drug column 302 to ignite the outer drug cartridge 305. The pressure transmitting passage 303 is provided with a passage sealing cover 304. The program achieves two-stage fire transmission through internal and external charging, and the flame generated by the internal medicine directly ignites the foreign medicine to generate high-energy gas.

The ignition passage 7 described above may be constituted by a passage 701 penetrating the axis of the inner drug column 302 and a detonating cord 702 installed therein, the ignition/detonator 1 being a detonator; 702 extends through the axis of the inner drug column 302, or the detonating cord 702 is disposed at an end of the inner drug column 302 near the end of the ignition/initiator 1 and partially penetrates the axial channel 701 of the inner drug column 302.

The outer portion of the detonating cord 702 may be provided with a protective tube 6 extending through the axis of the inner drug column 302.

The above-mentioned ignition passage 7 can also be constituted by a passage 701 penetrating the axis of the inner medicine column 302. When the igniter/detonator 1 adopts the igniter 1, the detonating cord is omitted, and the ignition passage is passed through the center. 7 Perform the ignition of several subsequent solar energy fracturing devices.

When the pressure relief fire passage 303 is two or more, the pressure release passage 303 is equidistantly disposed along the axial direction of the center tube 301, and the pressure release passage 303 is along the center tube 301. Radial uniformity setting.

The gas energy fracturing device 3 described above may be constituted by one, two or more gas energy fracturing assemblies 300, and the two or more gas energy fracturing assemblies 300 are connected by an intermediate joint 4.

A time delay booster or squib 401 can be provided in the intermediate joint 4 described above. The time delay booster device can better form pressure pulses to control combustion.

The outer cartridge 305 described above may be formed by the cartridge 3051 or by the cartridge 3051 and the fracturing sandstone 3052; the fracturing sandstone 3052 may be located at one end of the cartridge 3051 or between the cartridge 3051, or The fracturing sand tube 3052 is spaced from the cartridge 3051, or the outer cartridge 305 of one of the two or more solar energy fracturing assemblies 300 is comprised of a fracturing sand tube 3052. The length and position of the fracturing sand tube 3052 can be set as needed, and the fracturing sand tube 3052 can be made of steel sand or quartz sand. The outer drug cartridge described above may also be made by uniformly mixing the energetic material or the energetic material with the fracturing sand in a certain ratio. The sand enters the crack with the high-pressure airflow, which can play the role of flushing the tunnel and supporting the crack. The passage sealing cover 304 described above is preferably a one-way sealing cover that can be opened only by the pressure in the center tube 301.

The pressure relief passage 303 may be a threaded stepped hole, the small hole 3031 of the threaded stepped hole is disposed near the inner side of the tube wall of the central tube 301, and the small hole 3031 is provided with an internal thread; the threaded stepped hole The channel sealing cover 304 is disposed in a shape corresponding to the shape. The channel sealing cover 304 is composed of a hollow screw plug 3041 and a sealing ring 3043. The hollow screw 3041 is provided with a sealing plug 3042 in a central hole.

The pressure relief passage 303 described above may also be a stepped hole 3044. The large hole 3032 of the stepped hole 3044 is disposed near the outer side of the tube wall of the center tube 301; and the large hole 3032 is provided with a frustum-shaped sealing plug 3045.

The pressure relief passage 303 described above may also be a tapered hole, the large hole end of the tapered hole being disposed near the outer side of the wall of the central tube 301; the passage sealing cover 304 is corresponding to the shape of the tapered hole , a conical plug placed in the tapered hole.

The outer surface of the outer cartridge 305 described above may be provided with a waterproof sealing protective layer 306. Or the outer cartridge 305 is integrally disposed in the waterproof sealing protective layer 306, that is, the surface of the outer cartridge 305 is completely closed.

The outer cartridge 305 described above is preferably made of a propellant or gunpowder having a high and low burning rate and having a platform effect.

The center tube 301 described above is preferably an alloy steel tube having a wall thickness of 6-20 mm, and the upper end or the lower end of the center tube 301 may be provided with a test instrument 9 or a perforator 10.

The invention can accurately control the rise of the gas energy fracturing by optimizing the performance parameter of the inner drug body, the aperture and the number of holes of the sealed pressure relief fire passage of the central tube, and the performance parameters of the outer tube. The pressure rate, peak pressure, pressure platform and overall energy form an effective extension of the network-like multi-fracture structure and the wellbore connection mechanism in the near-well zone of the target layer, thereby greatly increasing the productivity of oil and gas wells. The specific advantages are as follows:

1. The invention adopts internal and external charge, two-stage fire transfer, forms a high pressure multi-pulse pressure platform, gas pressure is controllable, and the fracturing effect is remarkable, and an effective extension of the mesh-like multi-crack can be formed in the formation, and the fracture can be fractured and The primary cracks in the formation are fully connected, which can greatly increase the production capacity of oil and gas wells. The fracturing sand tube is set as needed, and the sand particles enter the crack with the high-pressure airflow, wash the holes and support the cracks, and further improve the productivity of the oil and gas wells. 2. The amount of charge is large, and the construction is safe and reliable.

3. The medicinal body of the invention is fully burned, and the main body component such as the central pipe can completely raise the wellhead and no downhole pollution.

4. The main body parts such as the center tube can be reused, which reduces the product cost.

5. The invention connects the perforator and the test instrument, and can realize the joint work with the perforating, testing and the like to improve the construction work efficiency.

6. The invention is widely applicable to underground oil, gas, water and other fields, and is especially suitable for exploration and exploitation of petroleum, natural gas and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.

2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the gas energy fracturing assembly of the present invention.

Figures 3-5 are schematic views showing the structure of an embodiment in which the outer drug cartridge of the present invention is provided with a fracturing sand tube.

Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pressure relief passage of the present invention.

7 and 8 are structural schematic views of the threaded stepped hole type pressure relief fire passage and the passage sealing cover of the present invention. 9 is a schematic structural view of a stepped hole type pressure relief fire passage and a passage sealing cover of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a perforating gun and a test instrument of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: 1-Ignition/Initiator, 2-Upper End, 3-Air Fracturing Device, 300-Gas Fracturing Assembly, 301-Center Tube, 302-Internal Drug Column, 303-Relief Pressure Transmission Fire channel, 3031-small hole, 3032- large hole, 304-channel sealing cover, 3041-open plug, 3042-sealed plug, 3043-seal, 3044-stepped hole, 3045-cone-shaped sealing plug, 305-outside Cartridge, 3051-cartridge, 3052-fracturing sand tube, 306- protective layer, 4-intermediate joint, 401-separator delay booster or squib, 5-tail plug, 6-sheath, 7 -Ignition channel, 701-channel, 702-detonating cord, 8-positioning ring, 9-test instrument, 10-perforating gun.

detailed description:

According to the principle of the diaphragm explosion, the detonation combustion mechanism and the two-stage ignition principle, the detonator or the ignition/detonator 1 is used to detonate, and the inner medicine column 302 in the central tube 301 is quickly excited through the ignition passage 7, and is ignited. The column 302 deflagrates or burns to form a high pressure gas and hot metal particles, producing a high pressure explosive gas. A high pressure gas pushes the passage sealing cover 304 of the pressure relief passage 303 on the central pipe 301, and the hot metal particles ignite the outer cylinder 305 with the high pressure gas flow to form a secondary pulse high energy combustion gas. The inner drug column 302, the outer drug cartridge 305 and the waterproof sealing protective layer 306 made of energetic material are sequentially burned, effectively extending the pressure platform, and the continuous ultra-high pressure pulse gas generated in the wellbore enters the perforation tunnel, and is effective for the formation. Fracturing. The invention adopts a multi-stage charging structure, and realizes a multi-stage pulse alternate fracturing process by rationally configuring external cartridges with different performances. The sealed pressure relief fire passage structure is adopted, and the dynamic pressure can be controlled by adjusting the area of the sealed pressure relief fire passage.

Referring to Fig. 1, one end of the gas energy fracturing device 3 of the present invention is connected to the ignition/detonator 1 through the upper end joint 2, and the tail plug 5 is connected to the other end. The gas energy fracturing device 3 may be constructed of a gas energy fracturing assembly 300, typically consisting of two or more gas energy fracturing assemblies 300. Each of the gas energy fracturing assemblies 300 is connected by an intermediate joint 4, and a diaphragm delay booster or a squib 401 may be disposed in the intermediate joint 4. The baffle delay detonator can better create a pressure pulse to control combustion.

Referring to Fig. 2, the gas energy fracturing assembly 300 is mainly composed of a central tube 301 carried, an inner drug column 302 loaded in the central tube 301, and a cylindrical outer drug cartridge 305 mounted on the outer surface of the central tube 301. The outer cartridge 305 is preferably made of a propellant or gunpowder having a high and low burning rate and a platform effect. Two-stage fire can be achieved by internal and external drugs, and the flame generated by the internal medicine directly blasts the foreign drug to generate high-pressure gas. The center tube 301 is preferably made of a thick-walled large-diameter alloy steel material that can be reused many times. The wall thickness of the central tube 301 is generally 6-20 匪.

The tube wall of the center tube 301 is provided with a pressure relief passage 303 for the inner medicine column 302 to ignite the outer cartridge 305, and the pressure relief passage 303 is provided with a passage sealing cover 304. When the inner drug column 302 is ignited by the ignition passage 7, the formed explosive gas can smoothly push the channel sealing cover 304 out of the pressure release passage 303, and ignite the outer cylinder 305. Therefore, the passage sealing cover 304 can only pass The one-way sealing cover that opens outward in the center tube 301, that is, the passage sealing cover 304 can carry the pressure outside the center tube 301, while the high pressure gas inside the center tube 301 can open it. The passage sealing cover 304 also has a function of preventing external liquid from entering. By adjusting the ratio of the propellant to the gunpowder and the area of the pressure relief passage 303, the burning rate, the pressure increasing rate, and the total energy of the outer cylinder 305 can be controlled to realize a controllable dynamic fracturing process.

The ignition/detonator 1 is coupled to the inner drug column 302 within the gas energy fracturing assembly 300 via an ignition passage 7. The ignition passage 7 is disposed through the axial center of the inner drug column 302. The ignition passage 7 may be constituted by a 00' passage 701 penetrating the axis of the inner drug column 302 and a detonating cord 702 installed therein. When the detonating cord 702 is used, the ignition/detonator 1 employs a detonator. The detonating cord 702 can be disposed through the axis 00' of the inner drug column 302 The detonating cord 702 may also be disposed only at the end of the inner drug column 302 near the end of the ignition/detonator 1. The preferred structure is that the detonating cord 702 is disposed through the protective tube 6 disposed outside thereof and penetrates through the axial center 00' of the inner drug column 302. The protective tube 6 is supported in the central tube 301 by the positioning ring 8. The protective tube 6 acts as a diaphragm to prevent the internal medicine column 302 from detonating, attenuating the shock wave formed by the detonating cord 702, and igniting the inner medicine column 302 in the form of deflagration or combustion. The protective tube 6 is preferably made of plastic or aluminum. The inner drug column 302 and the outer drug cartridge 305 can be generally a propellant or a gunpowder or the like. The ignition passage 7 may also be constituted only by a passage 701 penetrating the axis 00' of the inner medicine column 302. The ignition/detonator 1 employs an igniter, omitting the detonating cord, igniting the detonation with the igniter at the end, and igniting through the center. Channel 7 performs ignition of a plurality of subsequent solar energy fracturing devices.

In order to ensure that the combustion process of the outer cartridge 305 is stable and avoid being soaked by the well fluid, a waterproof sealing protective layer 306 may be disposed on the outer surface of the outer cartridge 305, or a waterproof sealing protective layer 306 may be disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the outer cartridge 305. The entirety is located within the waterproof seal protective layer 306. Waterproof sealing protective layer 306 is preferably made of waterproof and energy-containing sealing material.

Referring to Fig. 3, the outer cartridge 305 of the present invention may be constructed entirely of a cartridge 3051 which may also be constructed of a cartridge 3051 and a fracturing sandbore 3052. The fracturing sand tube 3052 can be located at one end of the cartridge 3051. The fracturing sand tube 3052 can also be located between the cartridges 3051, see Figure 4. The fracturing sand tube 3052 and the cartridge 3051 can also be placed one on the other, see Figure 5. When two or more gas energy fracturing assemblies 300 are employed, the outer cartridge 305 of one of the gas energy fracturing assemblies 300 can be constructed entirely of fracturing sand tubes 3052. The length and position of the fracturing sand tube 3052 can be set as needed, and the fracturing sand tube 3052 can be made of steel sand or quartz sand. The sand particles enter the crack with the high pressure airflow, which can play the role of flushing the tunnel and supporting the crack.

Referring to Fig. 6, the pressure relief passage 303 can be two or more. A plurality of pressure relief passages 303 are generally disposed equidistantly along the axis 00' of the center tube 301 and are evenly disposed along the radial direction of the center tube 301. The common number of pressure relief passages 303 is generally 4-100 holes per meter along the axial direction of the central tube 301, and the aperture of the pressure relief passage 303 is generally between Φ 3 mm and Φ 30 mm. The sealed pressure relief passage 303 can be of various configurations, and can be a threaded hole with a sealing surface, a tapered hole or a stepped hole. The relief fire passage 303 shown in Fig. 6 is a tapered bore having a large bore end disposed adjacent the outer side of the wall of the center tube 301; and a corresponding passage seal cap 304 having a correspondingly shaped taper plug. The pressure relief passage 303 can also be formed by a pre-groove on the wall of the central tube 301, and the passage seal cover 304 is formed by the groove bottom of the pre-groove.

Referring to Figures 7 and 8, the pressure relief passage 303 adopts a threaded stepped hole, and the small hole 3031 of the threaded stepped hole The inner hole is provided near the inner wall of the central tube 301, and the small hole 3031 is provided with an internal thread. The channel sealing cover 304 disposed in the threaded stepped hole has a shape corresponding to the threaded stepped hole. The channel sealing cover 304 is formed by a hollow screw plug 3041 and a sealing pad 3043. The sealing plug 3042 is disposed in the center hole of the hollow screw 3041. The sealing plug 3042 can be a conventional sealing plug such as a tapered, cylindrical or the like. The advantage of this structure is that the central tube 301 and the channel sealing cover 304 can be reused many times, greatly reducing product cost.

Referring to Fig. 9, the pressure relief passage 303 can also adopt a stepped hole 3044. The large hole 3032 of the stepped hole 3044 is disposed near the outer side of the tube wall of the center tube 301, and the large hole 3032 is provided with a frustum-shaped sealing plug 3045.

Referring to Fig. 10, a test instrument 9 or a perforating gun 10 may be disposed at the upper or lower end of the center tube 301. The central pipe 301 can completely raise the wellhead after construction. Therefore, the perforating gun 10 can be disposed above or below the gas energy fracturing device 3 or the gas energy fracturing assembly 300 to achieve controllable pulse gas energy fracturing and perforating. Joint work. The test instrument 9 can be connected above, below or above the gas cleavage device 3 or the gas energy fracturing assembly 300 to dynamically monitor the effect of the operation, thereby improving the application effect of the perforation fracturing.

Claims

Claim

A controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device comprising a gas energy fracturing device (3), the gas energy fracturing device (3) having an igniter/initiator (1) at one end and a tail plug at the other end ( 5); The gas energy fracturing device (3) is composed of a gas energy fracturing assembly (300), and the igniter/initiator (1) and the internal medicine column in the gas energy fracturing assembly (300) (302) connected together by an ignition passage (7), characterized in that: the gas energy fracturing assembly (300) comprises a central tube (301), and an inner medicine column (302) loaded in the central tube (301) And an outer cartridge (305) mounted on the outside of the central tube (301), the tube wall of the central tube (301) is provided with a pressure relief fire for the inner medicine column (302) to ignite the outer cartridge (305) The passage (303), the pressure relief passage (303) is provided with a passage sealing cover (304).

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to claim 1, wherein: the ignition passage (7) is a passage (701) penetrating through an axial center of the inner medicine column (302) and is mounted on a detonating cord (702), wherein the ignition/detonator (1) is a detonator; the detonating cord (702) runs through an axis of the inner drug column (302), or The detonating cord (702) is disposed at an end of the inner drug column (302) near one end of the ignition/detonator (1).

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to claim 2, wherein: the detonating cord

The outer portion of (702) is provided with a protective tube (6) penetrating the axis of the inner drug column (302).

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the igniter/initiator (1) adopts an igniter (1), the ignition passage (7) is The passage (701) runs through the axis of the inner drug column (302).

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the pressure relief fire passage (303) is two or more, and the pressure is released. The fire passages (303) are equidistantly disposed along the axial direction of the center tube (301), and the pressure release passages (303) are uniformly disposed along the radial direction of the center tube (301).

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the gas energy fracturing device (3) is composed of one, two or more gas energy fracturing assemblies (300) The two or more solar energy fracturing assemblies (300) are connected by an intermediate joint (4).

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the intermediate joint (4) is provided with a delayed blasting device or a squib tube (401).

8. A controllable pulsed gas energy fracturing device according to claim 6, wherein: said outer cartridge (305) is from a cartridge (3051) or from a cartridge (3051) and a fracturing sand cartridge ( 3052) constituting; the fracturing sand tube (3052) is located at one end of the cartridge (3051), or the fracturing sand tube (3052) is located between the cartridge (3051), or the fracturing sand The cartridge (3052) is spaced from the cartridge (3051), or the outer cartridge (305) of one of the two or more throttleable fracturing assemblies (300) is comprised of a fracturing sandbore (3052).

The controllable pulsed gas energy fracturing device according to claim 6, wherein the outer drug cartridge (305) is made of an energetic material or an energetic material uniformly mixed with the fracturing sand.

10. A controllable pulsed gas energy fracturing device according to claim 6 wherein said passage seal cap (304) is a one-way seal that can only be opened by pressure within the central tube (301). cover.

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to claim 6, wherein the outer drug cartridge

The outer surface of (305) is provided with a waterproof sealing protective layer (306), or the outer cartridge (305) is integrally disposed within the waterproof sealing protective layer (306).

The controllable pulse gas energy fracturing device according to claim 6, wherein the central tube (301) is a thick-walled alloy steel tube, and the upper end or the lower end of the central tube (301) is provided with a test. Instrument (9) or perforator (10).