WO2011079548A1

WO2011079548A1 - Aluminum electrolytic cell having cathode structure with abrasion decelerated bulges on cathode

Info

Publication number: WO2011079548A1
Application number: PCT/CN2010/070947
Authority: WO
Inventors: 冯乃祥
Original assignee: Feng Naixiang
Priority date: 2009-12-30
Filing date: 2010-03-10
Publication date: 2011-07-07
Also published as: CN101724863A; CN101724863B

Abstract

An aluminum electrolytic cell having a cathode structure in which abrasion of the bulges on the cathode can be decelerated is disclosed. Bulges, which are called longitudinal bulges, are machined on each cathode carbon block near its sides along the longitudinal direction; or bulges, which are called transverse bulges, are machined on top of the cathode carbon block along the direction vertical to the longitudinal direction of the cathode carbon block; or both the longitudinal bulges and the transverse bulges are machined on top of the cathode. A refractory wallboard is provided on the carbon tamping paste arranged between two adjacent cathode carbon blocks, and an integral bulge is constructed by the bulge on the cathode carbon block and the refractory wallboard. The integral bulge can lessen the flow speed of molten aluminum and its turbulence, thus it can increase the stability of the molten aluminum on its top surface in the electrolytic cell. As the refractory wallboard can be more resistant to electrochemical abrasion than carbon, when the bulges on the cathode blocks are abraded, it can reduce the flow speed of molten aluminum continuously.

Description

Description A cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of alleviating cathode bump abrasion

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum, and particularly relates to a novel cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of alleviating the erosion of the cathode protrusion.

Background technique

At present, the metal aluminum produced in the industry is produced by molten salt electrolysis. The special equipment is an electrolytic cell lined with carbonaceous material (or silicon nitride combined with silicon carbide brick), carbon lining and steel grooved shell. Between refractory materials and insulation materials. The bottom of the cell is lined with a carbon block with a conductive steel rod mounted on its bottom. This block of carbon is called the cathode carbon block of the cell. The cathode carbon block and the cathode carbon block are connected by a carbon paste, and a plurality of cathode carbon blocks and a crucible between them form a bottom carbon cathode of the electrolytic cell. 5厘米之间。 Generally, the cell voltage of the industrial cell is between 4. 0~4. 3 volts, and the pole pitch is between 4. 0~5. 0cm. At present, the reason why the industrial aluminum electrolytic cell can greatly reduce the pole pitch to reduce the voltage of the electrolytic cell is due to the electromagnetic force in the current industrial aluminum electrolytic cell and the anode gas escaping from the anode surface and the electrolyte melt. The liquid level of the cathode aluminum is greatly fluctuated. If the flow rate and amplitude of the fluctuation can be reduced, the pole distance and the cell voltage of the current electrolytic cell can be lowered, thereby achieving the purpose of greatly reducing the power consumption of the aluminum electrolytic production. . To this end, CN200710010523. 4 proposes a new type of aluminum electrolytic cell with a cathode structure. The electrolytic cell of the new cathode structure has indeed reduced the power consumption of aluminum electrolysis production after industrial application, but in practice, It has also been found that the height of the convex structure on the cathode surface of the electrolytic cell of the novel cathode structure is gradually reduced, and the consumption rate is about 2 to 4 cm/year. Generally, the consumption is mainly derived from sodium in the aluminum liquid. The erosion and destruction of the crystal lattice surface of the carbon cathode during chemical osmosis, and the subsequent flow of the cathode aluminum liquid on the surface of the carbon cathode cause the surface of the carbon cathode to fall off.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an aluminum electrolytic cell capable of slowing down the cathode abrasion, and solves the problem that the life of the cathode surface is low due to physical and chemical abrasion.

The aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention has cathode carbon block protrusions, specifically: a convex structure is formed on the side of the cathode carbon block along the longitudinal direction, which is called a longitudinal direction protrusion; or is processed on the upper part of the cathode carbon block. The protrusion perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cathode carbon block is referred to as a width direction protrusion; or the length direction protrusion and the width direction protrusion are simultaneously processed on the upper side of the cathode carbon block.

The material of the various cathode carbon block bumps is the same as that of the cathode carbon block, and is an integral structure.

The edge of the cathode carbon block immediately adjacent to the aluminum outlet of the electrolytic cell is not machined to the edge of the aluminum outlet. The length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 10 to 18 cm, and the width is 5 to 15 cm, which is located at the side of each cathode carbon block along the length direction, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the longitudinally convex portion and the edge of the cathode carbon block is l~ 3cm, when laying the electrolytic cell, the middle slits of two adjacent cathode carbon blocks are sturdy and connected with carbon slag, the height of the tamping paste is equal to the height of the cathode carbon block, and then in two adjacent cathode carbon blocks. The granules of the high-density magnesia bricks have a bulk density of 2. 6~ 3. 0g/cm These refractory wall panels are placed in a direction parallel to the length direction of the cathode carbon block, and the width thereof is smaller than the width between the longitudinal projections of the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges by 1 to 3 mm. The length is equal to the length of the longitudinal direction of the cathode carbon block, and the upper surface of the refractory wallboard is the same as the height of the convex upper surface of the cathode carbon block and higher than the upper surface of the cathode carbon block. ~5cm.

Between each two adjacent cathode carbon blocks, the refractory wall plate and the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges are longitudinally convex to form an integral length direction protrusion, and the overall length direction convex cross section is rectangular Or trapezoidal, or a composite shape of a rectangle and a trapezoid. On each cathode carbon block, the number of protrusions in the overall length direction is 2 to 8. When the number of protrusions in the entire length direction is two, the distance between the protrusions of each of the two overall length directions is 10 to 20 cm. When the number of protrusions in the overall length direction is 3 to 8, the distance between the protrusions of the two whole length directions except the lower side of the anode is 10 to 20 cm, and the distance between the protrusions of the other overall length direction is 5 to 20 cm. .

When the longitudinal direction projection and the width direction projection are simultaneously present, the width direction projection is located between the above two integral lengthwise projections. The width direction protrusion is integrated with the cathode carbon block, and the distance between the width direction protrusion and the adjacent integral length direction protrusion is 5 to 10 cm on each cathode carbon block. For an integral electrolytic cell, the edge of the cathode carbon block located at the end of the aluminum outlet is not provided with a widthwise projection. Similar to the above-described overall lengthwise projection, the widthwise convex cross section is rectangular, or trapezoidal, or a combination of the two, and the widthwise projection has a width of 15 to 35 cm. Each of the width direction protrusions is inlaid with a refractory wall panel along the width of the cathode carbon block, and the refractory wall panel is a nitrogen silicon carbide refractory board or a high density magnesia brick or a magnesium aluminum spinel board. 0〜3. 0g/cm ^3。 The high density of the mass density of 2. 6~ ³ . 0g / cm ³ .

When only the width direction is convex on the cathode carbon block of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the distance between each of the two widthwise projections is 20 to 40 cm on each cathode carbon block, and the height in the width direction is 10 to 18 cm, and the width is It is 18~30cm, and the length is consistent with the width of the cathode carbon block or less than the width of the cathode carbon block by 2~6cm. Each of the width direction protrusions is inlaid with a refractory wall panel along the width of the cathode carbon block, and the refractory wall board is also a nitrogen silicon carbide refractory board or a high density magnesia brick or a magnesium aluminum spinel board, wherein the bulk density of the high density magnesia brick The width of the refractory wallboard is 2. 5~3. 0g/cm. The width of the refractory wallboard is 5~10cm, and the height is consistent with the height of the convexity in the width direction or higher than that of the width direction by l~5cm. The length is consistent, or less than the length of the width direction of the protrusion 4~10cm. When the length of the inlaid refractory wallboard is less than the width direction, the carbon bricks are inlaid on both ends of the refractory wallboard to make the inlaid fireproof The sum of the lengths of the material wall panels and the carbon bricks coincides with the length of the widthwise projections. The cross section in the width direction is a rectangle or a trapezoid, or a composite shape of a rectangle and a trapezoid. The invention has the advantages that the integral protrusion formed by the refractory wall plate and the cathode carbon block protrusion has the effects of slowing the flow rate of the aluminum liquid, reducing the fluctuation of the aluminum liquid, and improving the stability of the aluminum level of the electrolytic cell, and since the refractory wall plate is Made of materials such as anti-abrasion and anti-corrosion aluminum-magnesium spinel or silicon carbonitride, which have no effect on the aluminum electrolysis process and the quality of the aluminum, and the refractory wall-to-wall ratio after the cathode carbon block bumps are abraded. The electrochemical erosion of carbon is small, and refractory wallboard can continue to slow down the flow rate of aluminum.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a plan view of an electrolytic cell having a cathode bulge in the longitudinal direction;

2 is a plan view of an electrolytic cell having a cathode carbon block having a width direction;

3 is a plan view of an electrolytic cell in which a cathode carbon block has both a longitudinal direction and a width direction;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A of Figure 1, the refractory wall panel is equal in height to the longitudinal direction;

Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the A-A of Figure 1, the refractory wall panel is raised higher than the length direction;

Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 1;

Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the D-D of Figure 2;

Figure 9 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal direction projection or a width direction projection having a trapezoidal cross section;

Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal direction projection or a width direction projection having a rectangular cross section and a trapezoidal combination shape; Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal direction projection or a width direction projection having a rectangular cross section.

In the picture: 1 side slope, 2 lengthwise projection, 3 refractory wallboard, 4 carbon tamping paste, 5 cathode carbon block, 6 cathode steel bar, 7. width direction bulging, 8 groove wall insulation material, 9 side steel shell, 10 cast refractory material, 11 side carbon block, 12 groove bottom insulation material, 13 bottom steel shell.

Detailed ways

The novel cathode structure aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention capable of alleviating the cathode protrusion abrasion is further illustrated by the following examples. As shown in the drawing, the aluminum electrolytic cell which can slow down the cathode abrasion has a side steel shell 9 and a bottom steel shell 13 on the outside, and a groove wall heat insulating material 8 which is in close contact with the side steel shell 9, and the inside of the tank wall heat insulating material 8 is The side carbon block 11 (or silicon carbonitride brick), the cathode carbon block 5 and the side carbon block 11 (or silicon carbonitride brick) are connected by the side slope 1. The whole cathode of the electrolytic cell is composed of a plurality of cathode carbon blocks 5, and two adjacent cathode carbon blocks 5 are connected by a carbon slag paste 4, and the cathode carbon block 5 of the electrolytic cell is connected to an external power source through the cathode steel rod 6 at the cathode carbon The bottom of the block 5 has a bottom insulation material 12, and the bottom of the bottom insulation material 12 is a bottom steel shell 13. Different from the ordinary aluminum electrolytic cell, the cathode carbon block 5 of the electrolytic cell of the present invention is processed with the longitudinal direction protrusion 2 or the width direction protrusion 7 or the longitudinal direction protrusion 2 and the width direction protrusion 7 at the same time. In the middle of two adjacent cathode carbon block bumps, the upper part of the carbon tamping paste 4 is provided with a refractory wall panel 3 having the same length as the cathode carbon block protrusion, and the cathode carbon block bump and the refractory material The integral bulge formed by the material wall panel 3 has the function of reducing the flow rate of the aluminum liquid and maintaining the stability of the aluminum liquid. The anti-abrasion of the refractory wall board can prolong the life of the cathode carbon block protrusion, and at the same time prevent the aluminum liquid from entering the cathode mid-slit to cause the early stage of the electrolytic cell. damaged.

Example 1

The aluminum electrolytic cell structure of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, and 11, and the aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention has a convex structure processed along the longitudinal direction of each cathode carbon block. , called the longitudinal direction projection.

The edge of the cathode carbon block immediately adjacent to the aluminum outlet of the electrolytic cell is not machined to the edge of the aluminum outlet.

The length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 14cm, the width is 10cm, and it is located at the side of each cathode carbon block along the length direction, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the longitudinal direction convex and the edge of the cathode carbon block is 2cm, in the masonry electrolysis In the groove, the middle slits of two adjacent cathode carbon blocks are sturdy and connected by carbon mash, the height of the tamping paste is equal to the height of the cathode carbon block, and then the upper surface of the smear of the two adjacent cathode carbon blocks A refractory wallboard is placed, the material of the refractory wallboard is nitrogen oxycarbide, and the refractory wallboard is placed in a direction parallel to the length of the cathode carbon block, and the width is wider than the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges. The width between the lengthwise projections is 2 mm, and the length is equal to the length of the cathode carbon block side length. The upper surface of the refractory wallboard is the same height as the convex upper surface of the cathode carbon block side.

Between each two adjacent cathode carbon blocks, the refractory wall plate and the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges are longitudinally convex to form an integral length direction protrusion, and the overall length direction convex cross section is rectangular . On each cathode carbon block, the number of protrusions in the overall length direction is five, except that the distance between the protrusions of the two whole length directions of the lower side of the anode is 15 cm, and the distance between the protrusions of the other overall length direction is 12cm.

Example 2

The aluminum electrolytic cell structure of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, and 9. The aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention has a convex structure processed along the longitudinal direction of each cathode carbon block. , called the longitudinal direction projection.

The length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 18 cm and the width is 15 cm, which is located at the side of each cathode carbon block along the length direction, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the lengthwise convex portion and the edge of the cathode carbon block is 3 cm, in the masonry electrolysis In the groove, the middle slits of two adjacent cathode carbon blocks are sturdy and connected by carbon mash, the height of the tamping paste is equal to the height of the cathode carbon block, and then the upper surface of the smear of the two adjacent cathode carbon blocks mounting a refractory wall, the refractory wall material is high-density brick, wherein the bulk density of the high density Magnesia 2. 8g / cm ^3. These refractory wall panels are placed in a direction parallel to the length of the cathode carbon block, the width of which is 3 mm smaller than the width between the longitudinal projections of the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges, and the length and the cathode carbon block edge. The lengthwise projections are of equal length, and the upper surface of these refractory wallboards is 3 cm higher than the convex upper surface of the cathode carbon block.

Between each two adjacent cathode carbon blocks, the refractory wall plate and the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges are longitudinally convex to form an integral length direction protrusion, and the overall length direction convex cross section is trapezoidal . On each cathode carbon block, the whole The number of protrusions in the longitudinal direction is two, and the distance between the protrusions of each of the two overall length directions is 15 cm.

Example 3

The aluminum electrolytic cell structure of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 10, and a convex structure is formed on each cathode carbon block along the longitudinal direction, which is called a longitudinal direction convex. .

The length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 10 cm, the width is 5 cm, and it is located at the side of each cathode carbon block along the length direction, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the lengthwise convex portion and the edge of the cathode carbon block is 1 cm, in the masonry electrolysis In the groove, the middle slits of two adjacent cathode carbon blocks are sturdy and connected by carbon mash, the height of the tamping paste is equal to the height of the cathode carbon block, and then the upper surface of the smear of the two adjacent cathode carbon blocks A refractory wallboard is placed, and the refractory wallboard is made of magnesium aluminate spinel brick. The refractory wall panels are placed in a direction parallel to the length of the cathode carbon block, the width of which is less than the width between the longitudinal projections of the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges, and the length and the cathode carbon block edge The lengthwise projections are of equal length, and the upper surface of these refractory wallboards is 5 cm above the upper surface of the cathode carbon block lengthwise projection.

Between each two adjacent cathode carbon blocks, the refractory wall plate and the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges are longitudinally convex to form an integral length direction protrusion, and the overall length direction convex cross section is rectangular And the complex shape of the trapezoid. On each cathode carbon block, the number of protrusions in the overall length direction is eight, and the distance between the protrusions of the other overall length directions is 20 cm except for the distance between the protrusions of the two whole length directions on the lower side of the anode. .

Example 4

The aluminum electrolytic cell structure of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 8, and Fig. 11, and a projection which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cathode carbon block is formed on the cathode carbon block, and is called a width direction convex.

On each cathode carbon block, the distance between each of the two widthwise projections is 30 cm, the width of the widthwise projection is 14 cm, the width is 24 cm, and the length coincides with the width of the cathode carbon block. Each of the width direction protrusions is inlaid with a refractory wall panel along the width of the cathode carbon block. The refractory wall panel is a nitrogen silicon carbide refractory board, and the refractory wall panel is inlaid with a width of 8 cm, and the height and the height of the width direction are convex. Consistently, the length coincides with the length of the bulge in the width direction.

The cross section in the width direction is a rectangle.

Example 5

The aluminum electrolytic cell structure of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 8, and Fig. 9, and a projection which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cathode carbon block is formed on the cathode carbon block, and is called a width direction convex.

On each cathode carbon block, the distance between each of the two widthwise projections was 40 cm, the width of the widthwise projections was 18 cm, the width was 30 cm, and the length was less than the width of the cathode carbon block of 4 cm. Each width direction is convex along the middle of the cathode carbon block width The refractory wall panel is inlaid with refractory wallboard, the refractory wallboard is high density magnesia brick, the bulk density of the high density magnesia brick is 2. 8g/cm ³ , the inlaid refractory wallboard has a width of 10cm, and the height is convex than the width direction. The height is 3cm, the length is less than the length of the convexity in the width direction of 7cm, and carbon bricks are further embedded at both ends of the refractory wallboard, so that the sum of the lengths of the inlaid refractory wallboard and the carbon brick is consistent with the length of the widthwise convex.

The cross section in the width direction is trapezoidal.

Example 6

The aluminum electrolytic cell structure of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 8, and Fig. 10, and a projection which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cathode carbon block is formed on the cathode carbon block, and is called a width direction convex.

On each cathode carbon block, the distance between each of the two widthwise projections was 20 cm, the height of the projections in the width direction was 10 cm, the width was 18 cm, and the length was less than the width of the cathode carbon block of 6 cm. Refractory wallboard is embedded in the width direction of the cathode carbon block in the middle of each width direction. The refractory wallboard is a magnesium-aluminum spinel board. The width of the refractory wallboard is 5cm, and the height is 5cm higher than the width. The length is less than the length of the convexity in the width direction of 10 cm, and carbon bricks are further embedded at both ends of the refractory wallboard, so that the sum of the lengths of the inlaid refractory wallboard and the carbon bricks coincides with the length of the convexity in the width direction.

The cross section in the width direction is a composite shape of a rectangle and a trapezoid.

Example 7

The structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 3 and 11, and the longitudinal direction projection and the width direction projection are simultaneously processed on the upper side portion of the cathode carbon block.

The width direction projection is located between the two integral lengthwise projections described above. The width direction is convex and the cathode carbon block is one Overall, on each cathode carbon block, the distance between the width direction projection and its adjacent integral length direction projection was 8 cm. For an integral electrolytic cell, the edge of the cathode carbon block located at the end of the aluminum outlet is not provided with a widthwise projection. Similar to the above-described overall lengthwise projection, the widthwise convex cross section is rectangular, and the widthwise convex width is 25 cm. Each of the width direction protrusions is inlaid with a refractory wall panel along the width of the cathode carbon block, and the refractory wall panel is a nitrogen silicon carbide refractory board. Example 8

The structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 3 and 9, and the longitudinal direction projection and the width direction projection are simultaneously processed on the upper side of the cathode carbon block.

The length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 18 cm and the width is 15 cm, which is located at the side of each cathode carbon block along the length direction, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the lengthwise convex portion and the edge of the cathode carbon block is 3 cm, in the masonry electrolysis In the groove, the middle slits of two adjacent cathode carbon blocks are sturdy and connected by carbon mash, the height of the tamping paste is equal to the height of the cathode carbon block, and then the upper surface of the smear of the two adjacent cathode carbon blocks The granules of the high-density magnesia bricks having a bulk density of 2. 8 g / cm ³ . These refractory wall panels are placed in a direction parallel to the length of the cathode carbon block, the width of which is 3 mm smaller than the width between the longitudinal projections of the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges, and the length and the cathode carbon block edge. The longitudinal direction of the bulge is equal, and the upper surface of the refractory wallboard is higher than the upper surface of the cathode carbon block.

Between each two adjacent cathode carbon blocks, the refractory wall plate and the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges are longitudinally convex to form an integral length direction protrusion, and the overall length direction convex cross section is trapezoidal . On each of the cathode carbon blocks, the number of the overall lengthwise projections was two, and the distance between the projections of the two integral lengthwise directions was 15 cm.

The width direction projection is located between the two integral lengthwise projections described above. The width direction projection is integral with the cathode carbon block, and on each cathode carbon block, the distance between the width direction projection and its adjacent integral length direction projection is 10 cm. For an integral electrolytic cell, the edge of the cathode carbon block located at the end of the aluminum outlet is not provided with a widthwise projection. Similar to the above-described overall lengthwise projection, the widthwise convex cross section is trapezoidal, and the widthwise convex width is 35 cm. The refractory wallboard is a high-density magnesia brick having a bulk density of 2. 8 g/cm ³ , in the direction of the width of the cathode carbon block.

Example 9

The structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 3 and 10, and the longitudinal direction projections and the widthwise projections are simultaneously processed on the upper side portions of the cathode carbon block.

The length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 10 cm, the width is 5 cm, and it is located at the side of each cathode carbon block along the length direction, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the lengthwise convex portion and the edge of the cathode carbon block is 1 cm, in the masonry electrolysis When slotting, two adjacent yin The middle seam of the carbon block is tamped with a carbon tamping paste, the height of the tamping paste is equal to the height of the cathode carbon block, and then a refractory wall panel is placed on the upper surface of the two adjacent cathode carbon block tamping. The material of the refractory wallboard is magnesium aluminum spinel brick. The refractory wall panels are placed in a direction parallel to the length of the cathode carbon block, the width of which is less than the width between the longitudinal projections of the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges, and the length and the cathode carbon block edge The lengthwise projections are of equal length, and the upper surface of these refractory wallboards is 5 cm above the upper surface of the cathode carbon block lengthwise projection.

The width direction projection is located between the two integral lengthwise projections described above. The width direction projection is integral with the cathode carbon block, and on each cathode carbon block, the distance between the width direction projection and its adjacent integral length direction projection is 5 cm. For an integral electrolytic cell, the edge of the cathode carbon block located at the end of the aluminum outlet is not provided with a widthwise projection. Similar to the above-described overall lengthwise projection, the cross section in the width direction is a composite shape of a rectangle and a trapezoid, and the width of the projection in the width direction is 15 cm. Refractory wall panels are embedded in the width direction of the cathode carbon block in the middle of each width direction convex, and the refractory wall plate is a magnesium aluminum spinel plate.

Claims

Claim

1. A novel cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of mitigating cathode protrusion abrasion, characterized in that a convex structure is formed on a side of a length direction of each cathode carbon block, which is called a longitudinal direction protrusion; or a cathode The upper part of the carbon block is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cathode carbon block, and is called a width direction protrusion; or the longitudinal direction protrusion and the width direction protrusion are simultaneously processed on the upper side of the cathode carbon block; the three structural forms are as follows:

(1) A longitudinal projection is processed on the side of each of the cathode carbon blocks along the length direction

The length of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction is 10 to 18 cm, and the width is 5 to 15 cm, which is located at the side of each cathode carbon block along the length direction, and the horizontal distance between the outer surface of the longitudinally convex portion and the edge of the cathode carbon block is l~ 3cm, the middle slits of two adjacent cathode carbon blocks are sturdy and connected with carbon slag, the height of the tamping paste is equal to the height of the cathode carbon block, and one of the upper surfaces of two adjacent cathode carbon block tamping pastes is placed. Refractory wallboard, between each two adjacent cathode carbon blocks, the refractory wall panel and the longitudinal direction of the adjacent two cathode carbon block edges form an overall lengthwise protrusion;

(2) Machining the longitudinal direction projection and the width direction projection simultaneously on the upper portion of the cathode carbon block

The width direction protrusion is located between the two integral length direction protrusions described above, and the width direction protrusion is integral with the cathode carbon block. On each cathode carbon block, the width direction protrusion and its adjacent overall length direction protrusion The distance between them is 5~10cm;

(3) processing the width direction convex on the upper part of the cathode carbon block

On each cathode carbon block, the distance between each of the two widthwise projections is 20 to 40 cm, the width of the widthwise projection is 10 to 18 cm, the width is 18 to 30 cm, and the length is consistent with the width of the cathode carbon block or It is smaller than the width of the cathode carbon block by 2 to 6 cm.

2. A novel cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of mitigating cathode protrusion abrasion according to claim 1, wherein in the structural form (1), the material of the refractory wallboard is nitrogen silicon carbide or high density magnesium brick or magnesium. The aluminum stellite brick, wherein the bulk density of the high-density magnesia brick is 2. 6~ ³ . 0g/cm ³ , the refractory wall panel is placed in a direction parallel to the length direction of the cathode carbon block, and the width is adjacent to the adjacent two The width between the protrusions in the longitudinal direction of the side of the cathode carbon block is small by 1 to 3 mm, and the length is equal to the length of the protrusion of the side of the cathode carbon block. The upper surface of the refractory wallboard and the length of the side of the cathode carbon block are convex. The upper surface has the same height or higher than the upper surface of the cathode carbon block in the longitudinal direction of l~5 cm.

3. A novel cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of mitigating cathode protrusion abrasion according to claim 1, characterized in that in the structural form (1), the overall lengthwise convex cross section is rectangular or trapezoidal or rectangular and trapezoidal. Composite shape, the number of protrusions in the overall length direction is 2 to 8 on each cathode carbon block, and when the number of protrusions in the whole length direction is 2, the distance between the protrusions of each of the two entire length directions is 10 ~20cm, when the number of protrusions in the overall length direction is 3~8, the distance between the protrusions of the two whole length directions except the lower side of the anode is 10~20cm, and the distance between the protrusions of other overall length directions The distance is 5~20cm.

4. A novel cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of mitigating cathode protrusion abrasion according to claim 1, wherein in the structural form (2), the widthwise convex cross section is rectangular or trapezoidal or a combination of the two. The width of the protrusion in the width direction is 15 to 35 cm, and the refractory wall panel is inlaid along the width of the cathode carbon block in the middle of each width direction convex, and the refractory wall board is a nitrogen silicon carbide refractory board or a high density magnesia brick or a magnesium aluminum spinel. 5〜 3. 0g/厘米。 The slab, wherein the bulk density of the high-density magnesia is 2. 6~ 3. 0g / cm

5. A novel cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of mitigating cathode protrusion abrasion according to claim 1, wherein in the structural form (3), a refractory wall is embedded in the width direction of the cathode carbon block in the middle of each width direction. The refractory wallboard is a nitrogen silicon carbide refractory board or a high-density magnesia brick or a magnesia-alumina spinel board. The refractory wall panel is inlaid with a width of 5 to 10 cm, and the height is consistent with or higher than the height of the width direction. The width direction is convex by 1 to 5 cm, and the length coincides with the length of the protrusion in the width direction, or is smaller than the length of the protrusion in the width direction of 4 to 10 cm.

6. A novel cathode structure aluminum electrolytic cell capable of mitigating cathode protrusion abrasion according to claim 5, wherein when the length of the inlaid refractory wallboard is less than the width direction, at both ends of the refractory wallboard The carbon brick is re-inlaid so that the sum of the lengths of the inlaid refractory wallboard and the carbon brick coincides with the length of the widthwise projection.