WO2011006372A1 - Method and system for end to end available bandwidth measurement - Google Patents
Method and system for end to end available bandwidth measurement Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011006372A1 WO2011006372A1 PCT/CN2010/070919 CN2010070919W WO2011006372A1 WO 2011006372 A1 WO2011006372 A1 WO 2011006372A1 CN 2010070919 W CN2010070919 W CN 2010070919W WO 2011006372 A1 WO2011006372 A1 WO 2011006372A1
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- packet loss
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0852—Delays
- H04L43/087—Jitter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
- H04L43/0829—Packet loss
Definitions
- the present invention relates to bandwidth measurement techniques, and in particular, to an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method and system. Background technique
- the basic metric parameters of the end-to-end bandwidth include: bottleneck bandwidth and available bandwidth.
- the bottleneck bandwidth refers to the link bandwidth of the bottleneck link.
- the link bandwidth refers to the maximum data transmission that can be reached by the link connecting the two nodes.
- the rate is determined by the physical properties of the link, and the bottleneck link refers to the link with the smallest link bandwidth in the path.
- the available bandwidth refers to the minimum of the unconsumed part of the bandwidth of the link on the path, representing the effective bandwidth of the end-to-end. .
- the relationship between the above parameters is shown in Figure 1.
- the path between the source and the destination is composed of three links L1, L2, and L3.
- the width of each link is equivalent to the link bandwidth of the link.
- the shaded portion indicates the consumed link bandwidth, and the remaining is the unconsumed portion, denoted as Ai, which is the minimum of the unconsumed portion of the link bandwidth in the path, which is the end-to-end available bandwidth.
- the PGM-based measurement method is specifically as follows: Some probe packets, analyzing the time at which the source sends the probe packets and the time interval at which the destination receives the probe packets, and obtaining an estimate of the available bandwidth according to the trend, that is, measuring the available bandwidth based on the timestamp; the PRM-based measurement method
- the principle is as follows: The source end periodically sends the probe packet queue at a transmission rate less than or equal to the available bandwidth.
- the delay at which the destination end receives the probe packet is a constant value, and the source end increases the transmission rate to be greater than the available bandwidth.
- the delay in receiving the probe packet includes the delay caused by the queue, and the delay is increased. Thus, by dynamically adjusting the transmission rate, it is found that the delay is kept constant.
- the critical transmission rate of the value gives the available bandwidth.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method and system capable of measuring available bandwidth according to a packet loss rate.
- An end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method comprising:
- Step A Determine a critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end and an average jitter value of the network environment.
- Step B The source end determines the current transmission rate according to the previous packet loss rate and the transmission rate, and sends the data at the determined transmission rate. Packet queue
- Step C The destination end receives the data packet queue, calculates a packet loss rate of the current data packet queue, and sends the packet loss rate to the source end.
- Step D The source end determines whether the difference between the packet loss rate of the current data packet queue and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold. If yes, the source end uses the packet loss rate of the current data packet queue as The previous packet loss rate, the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate, and step B is performed again; otherwise, the current transmission rate is used as the source-to-destination available bandwidth.
- the method for calculating the packet loss rate of the current transmission packet queue is: the destination end receives the data packet queue, and when the reception duration is equal to the set duration, the calculation is performed according to the number of received data packets.
- the packet loss rate of the data packet queue is sent; wherein the set duration is based on the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, the data packet transmission time interval, and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located. set up.
- the determining the critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end is specifically: the source end pings the packet to the destination end, and the number of returned data packets and the number of pinged data packets are Further, in step B, in the initial situation, the source end uses the preset initial transmission rate as the current transmission rate; wherein, when the bottleneck bandwidth from the source end to the destination end is known, the bottleneck bandwidth is used as the initial transmission rate. .
- the determining the current sending rate is specifically: determining whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than the critical packet loss rate, and if yes, reducing the previous sending rate as the current sending rate; otherwise The previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein the reduced or increased amplitude is determined by a linear adjustment algorithm, or an exponential multiple adjustment algorithm.
- the preset threshold is set according to a desired measurement accuracy, and the higher the measurement accuracy of the desired measurement result, the smaller the corresponding set threshold value.
- the present invention also provides an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system, where the system includes: a source end and a destination end;
- the source side is used to determine the critical packet loss rate and the average network jitter value of the network end by the cooperative destination end; and the current packet loss rate, the critical packet loss rate, and the preset threshold value fed back by the destination end are cyclically iterative. Way to determine the value of the available bandwidth;
- the destination end is configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value, and accept a data packet queue sent by the source end within a set time, and statistically calculate a packet loss rate of the current data packet queue, and Its feedback to the source.
- the destination includes:
- a setting module configured to set a duration for calculating the current packet loss rate according to the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, the sending interval of the sending data packet, and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located ;
- the packet loss rate calculation module is configured to calculate the current packet loss rate according to the duration set by the setting module and send the packet loss rate to the source end.
- the source end includes: An initialization module, configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value; a rate determining module, configured to determine an initial transmission rate in an initial situation, and in a non-initial case, according to a previous packet loss rate and a transmission rate, Determining the current transmission rate; in a non-initial situation, the rate determination module determines whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than the critical packet loss rate, and if so, reduces the previous transmission rate as the current transmission. Rate; otherwise, the previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein the reduced or increased amplitude is determined by a linear adjustment algorithm, or an exponential multiple adjustment algorithm.
- a determining module configured to determine whether a difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold
- a bandwidth processing module configured to determine a local transmission rate as an available bandwidth when the difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is not greater than a preset threshold; and the packet loss rate and the critical packet loss at the current packet loss rate When the difference of the rate is greater than a predetermined threshold, the current packet loss rate is taken as the previous packet loss rate, and the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate.
- the present invention After determining the critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end and the average jitter value of the network environment, the present invention adjusts the transmission rate of the sent data packet queue, so that the packet loss rate of the transmitted data packet queue is close to the critical packet loss rate, and the packet loss rate is The current transmission rate is determined to be the available bandwidth when the preset threshold range is within.
- the measurement method of the present invention requires less time precision.
- the present invention calculates the current packet loss rate according to the number of data packets received within the set duration, and can reduce the impact of the delay caused by the node buffer on the packet loss rate, so that The test results are more accurate.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between metric parameters of end-to-end bandwidth
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of implementing an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the implementation process of the end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2, and includes the following steps:
- Step 201 Determine the critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end and the average jitter value of the network environment. Before each measurement of the available bandwidth, first determine the current critical packet loss rate and the average network network jitter value. The critical packet loss rate is used. To determine whether the current transmission rate can be determined as the available bandwidth, the network environment average jitter value is used to set the duration at which the destination uses to count the current packet loss rate.
- the specific method for determining the critical packet loss rate is as follows: The source end sends N ping packets to the destination end at a time interval T, and the ratio of the number of returned data packets to the number of pinged data packets is used as the critical packet loss rate.
- the average jitter value of the network environment is calculated as:
- Step 202 The source end determines the current transmission rate according to the previous packet loss rate and the transmission rate, and sends a data packet queue according to the determined transmission rate.
- This step is the entry of the loop.
- the present invention determines the value of the available bandwidth in a loop iteration manner based on the critical packet loss rate.
- the number of data packets included in the data packet queue is not too small, and is recommended to be 1000.
- the preset initial transmission rate is used as the current transmission rate; if the bottleneck bandwidth from the source to the destination is known, the bottleneck bandwidth can be used as the initial transmission rate, if the source to the destination is unknown.
- the initial transmission rate may be set according to the test experience.
- the method for determining the current transmission rate is: determining whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than the critical packet loss rate. If it is greater than, the previous transmission rate is reduced as the current transmission rate; otherwise, the previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein the reduced or increased amplitude is linearly adjusted or exponentially
- the adjustment algorithm determines.
- the adjustment rate can be changed from two aspects: changing the packet size and the packet transmission interval.
- Step 203 The destination end receives the data packet, and when the receiving duration is equal to the set duration, calculates the current packet loss rate according to the number of received data packets and sends it to the source end; the sending interval T and the source of the sent data packet
- the average jitter value of the network environment where the end and destination are located is set.
- the set duration value can be determined by the following formula:
- a t is the duration extension value, which is determined by the average jitter of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located, and A t can be set as the average jitter value.
- the present invention contemplates that during the transmission of the data packet queue, the data packet is congested in the node buffer, so that the time interval for receiving the data packet is extended, but if the duration is not set, the data packet may still arrive after a long delay. At the destination end, the packet loss rate measurement result is inaccurate, and the available bandwidth measurement result is inaccurate, and the test process does not converge for a long time. To prevent the occurrence of the above situation, the embodiment of the present invention is based on the set duration. The number of received packets calculates the packet loss rate, which can reduce the impact of the delay caused by the node cache on the packet loss rate, making the test results more accurate and less demanding on time accuracy.
- Step 204 After receiving the packet loss rate (the current packet loss rate) of the current data packet queue fed back by the destination end, the source end determines whether the difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset. Threshold, if it is greater than step 205; otherwise, step 206;
- the threshold value is set according to a desired measurement accuracy, and the higher the measurement accuracy of the desired measurement result is, the smaller the corresponding set threshold value is.
- Step 205 The source end returns the packet loss rate of the current data packet queue as the previous packet loss rate, and returns the current transmission rate as the previous transmission rate, and returns to step 202;
- Step 206 The source end uses the current sending rate as the available bandwidth from the source end to the destination end, and ends the present application. Secondary measurement process.
- the structure of the end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3, including: a source end and a destination end;
- the source side is used to determine the critical packet loss rate and the average network jitter value of the network end by the cooperative destination end; and the current packet loss rate, the critical packet loss rate, and the preset threshold value fed back by the destination end are cyclically iterative. Way to determine the value of the available bandwidth;
- the destination end is used to determine the critical packet loss rate and the average jitter value of the network environment, and accept the data packet queue sent by the source end within the set time, calculate the current packet loss rate statistically, and feed it back to the source end. .
- the source end includes: an initialization module, a rate determining module, a determining module, and a bandwidth processing module;
- An initialization module configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value
- a rate determining module configured to determine an initial sending rate in an initial situation, and determine the current sending rate according to a previous packet loss rate and a sending rate in a non-initial situation;
- a determining module configured to determine whether a difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold
- a bandwidth processing module configured to determine a local transmission rate as an available bandwidth when the difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is not greater than a preset threshold; and the packet loss rate and the critical packet loss at the current packet loss rate When the difference of the rate is greater than a predetermined threshold, the current packet loss rate is taken as the previous packet loss rate, and the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate.
- the destination includes: a setting module and a packet loss rate calculation module;
- a setting module configured to set a duration for calculating the current packet loss rate according to the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, the sending interval of the sending data packet, and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located ;
- the packet loss rate calculation module is configured to calculate the current packet loss rate according to the duration of the setting module. And sent to the source.
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Abstract
The present invention, which discloses a method and a system for end to end available bandwidth measurement, can solve the technical problem that measurement of available bandwidth requires higher time precision and the measurement cost is expensive. After determining the critical packet loss ratio from a source end to a destination end and determining the average jittering value of a network environment, the present invention adjusts the delivery rate of the delivery packet queue, and this makes the packet loss ratio of the delivery packet queue approach to the critical packet loss ratio. The present invention settles the current delivery rate as the available bandwidth when the packet loss ratio drops in the range of the threshold. The measurement method of the present invention requires lower time precision. The present invention computes the current packet loss ratio based on the number of the packets received in a preset period of time and reduces the effect on packet loss ratio caused by the delay during buffering a node. The result of the measurement is more accuracy.
Description
一种端到端可用带宽测量方法及系统 技术领域 End-to-end available bandwidth measurement method and system
本发明涉及带宽测量技术， 尤其涉及一种端到端可用带宽测量方法及 系统。 背景技术 The present invention relates to bandwidth measurement techniques, and in particular, to an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method and system. Background technique
端到端带宽的基本度量参数包括： 瓶颈带宽和可用带宽； 其中， 瓶颈 带宽， 是指瓶颈链路的链路带宽， 这里， 链路带宽指连接两个节点的链路 能够达到的最大数据发送速率， 由链路的物理性质决定， 而瓶颈链路指路 径中链路带宽最小的链路； 可用带宽指路径上各链路带宽的未消耗部分中 的最小值， 代表了端到端的有效带宽。 上述参数间的关系如图 1 所示， 其 中， 源端和目的端之间的路径由三条链路 Ll、 L2及 L3组成， 每条链路的 宽度相当于该条链路的链路带宽 Ci, 阴影部分表示已消耗的链路带宽， 剩 下的为未消耗部分， 表示为 Ai, A3是路径中各链路带宽的未消耗部分中的 最小值， 即为端到端的可用带宽。 The basic metric parameters of the end-to-end bandwidth include: bottleneck bandwidth and available bandwidth. The bottleneck bandwidth refers to the link bandwidth of the bottleneck link. Here, the link bandwidth refers to the maximum data transmission that can be reached by the link connecting the two nodes. The rate is determined by the physical properties of the link, and the bottleneck link refers to the link with the smallest link bandwidth in the path. The available bandwidth refers to the minimum of the unconsumed part of the bandwidth of the link on the path, representing the effective bandwidth of the end-to-end. . The relationship between the above parameters is shown in Figure 1. The path between the source and the destination is composed of three links L1, L2, and L3. The width of each link is equivalent to the link bandwidth of the link. The shaded portion indicates the consumed link bandwidth, and the remaining is the unconsumed portion, denoted as Ai, which is the minimum of the unconsumed portion of the link bandwidth in the path, which is the end-to-end available bandwidth.
目前， 常用的可用带宽的测量方法有基于探测间隔模型 （ PGM , Probe Gap Model )和基于探测发送速率模型（ PRM , Probe Rate Model )两种； 其 中， 基于 PGM的测量方法具体为： 源端发送一些探测包， 分析源端发送这 些探测包的时间和目的端接收这些探测包的时间间隔的变化， 根据变化趋 势得到可用带宽的估计值， 即基于时间戳测量可用带宽； 基于 PRM的测量 方法的原理为： 源端以小于或等于可用带宽的发送速率周期性发送探测包 队列， 目的端接收到探测包的时延是一个常值， 而源端将发送速率增大到 大于可用带宽， 则目的端接收到探测包的时延中即包含了因排队产生的延 时， 即时延增大了， 这样， 通过动态调整发送速率， 找到使得时延保持常
值的临界发送速率， 即可得到可用带宽。 Currently, the commonly used available bandwidth measurement methods are based on the detection interval model (PGM, Probe Gap Model) and the probe transmission rate model (PRM, Probe Rate Model). The PGM-based measurement method is specifically as follows: Some probe packets, analyzing the time at which the source sends the probe packets and the time interval at which the destination receives the probe packets, and obtaining an estimate of the available bandwidth according to the trend, that is, measuring the available bandwidth based on the timestamp; the PRM-based measurement method The principle is as follows: The source end periodically sends the probe packet queue at a transmission rate less than or equal to the available bandwidth. The delay at which the destination end receives the probe packet is a constant value, and the source end increases the transmission rate to be greater than the available bandwidth. The delay in receiving the probe packet includes the delay caused by the queue, and the delay is increased. Thus, by dynamically adjusting the transmission rate, it is found that the delay is kept constant. The critical transmission rate of the value gives the available bandwidth.
可见， 上述两种测量方法， 均需通过测量时间来估计可用带宽， 对时 间精度要求较高， 尤其基于 PGM的测量方法， 涉及发送和接收数据包的时 间间隔， 对时间精度要求极高， 使得测量流程复杂， 实施代价也较高。 发明内容 It can be seen that the above two measurement methods need to estimate the available bandwidth by measuring time, which requires high time precision, especially based on the PGM measurement method, and involves the time interval for transmitting and receiving data packets, which requires extremely high time precision. The measurement process is complex and the implementation cost is high. Summary of the invention
有鉴于此， 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种端到端可用带宽测量方法 及系统， 能够根据丟包率测量可用带宽。 In view of this, the main object of the present invention is to provide an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method and system capable of measuring available bandwidth according to a packet loss rate.
为达到上述目的， 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的： In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:
一种端到端可用带宽测量方法， 该方法包括： An end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method, the method comprising:
步骤 A、 确定源端到目的端的临界丟包率与网络环境平均抖动值； 步骤 B、 源端根据前一次的丟包率和发送速率， 确定本次发送速率， 并以确定的发送速率发送数据包队列； Step A: Determine a critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end and an average jitter value of the network environment. Step B: The source end determines the current transmission rate according to the previous packet loss rate and the transmission rate, and sends the data at the determined transmission rate. Packet queue
步骤 C、 目的端接收所述数据包队列， 计算本次发送数据包队列的丟 包率， 并将其发送给源端； Step C: The destination end receives the data packet queue, calculates a packet loss rate of the current data packet queue, and sends the packet loss rate to the source end.
步骤 D、 源端判断本次发送数据包队列的丟包率与所述临界丟包率的 差是否大于预先设定的阈值， 若是， 则源端将本次发送数据包队列的丟包 率作为前一次的丟包率、 将本次发送速率作为前一次的发送速率， 再次执 行步骤 B； 否则将本次发送速率作为源端到目的端的可用带宽。 Step D: The source end determines whether the difference between the packet loss rate of the current data packet queue and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold. If yes, the source end uses the packet loss rate of the current data packet queue as The previous packet loss rate, the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate, and step B is performed again; otherwise, the current transmission rate is used as the source-to-destination available bandwidth.
进一步地， 所述本次发送数据包队列的丟包率的计算方法为： 目的端 接收数据包队列， 并在接收时长等于设定的时长时， 根据接收到的数据包 数目统计计算所述本次发送数据包队列的丟包率； 其中， 所述设定的时长 根据所述数据包队列包含数据包的数目、 数据包发送时间间隔以及源端和 目的端所处的网络环境平均抖动值来设定。 Further, the method for calculating the packet loss rate of the current transmission packet queue is: the destination end receives the data packet queue, and when the reception duration is equal to the set duration, the calculation is performed according to the number of received data packets. The packet loss rate of the data packet queue is sent; wherein the set duration is based on the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, the data packet transmission time interval, and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located. set up.
进一步地， 步骤 A中， 所述确定源端到目的端的临界丟包率具体为： 源端向目的端 ping包， 将返回数据包的数目与 ping出数据包的数目的
进一步地， 步骤 B中， 在初始情况下， 源端将预先设定的初始发送速 率作为所述本次发送速率； 其中， 已知源端到目的端的瓶颈带宽时， 将瓶 颈带宽作为初始发送速率。 在非初始情况下， 所述确定本次发送速率具体 为： 确定前一次的丟包率是否大于所述临界丟包率， 若是， 则将前一次的 发送速率降低后作为本次发送速率； 否则将前一次的发送速率提高后作为 本次发送速率； 其中， 降低或提高的幅度采用线性调整算法、 或指数倍调 整算法确定。 Further, in step A, the determining the critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end is specifically: the source end pings the packet to the destination end, and the number of returned data packets and the number of pinged data packets are Further, in step B, in the initial situation, the source end uses the preset initial transmission rate as the current transmission rate; wherein, when the bottleneck bandwidth from the source end to the destination end is known, the bottleneck bandwidth is used as the initial transmission rate. . In the non-initial case, the determining the current sending rate is specifically: determining whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than the critical packet loss rate, and if yes, reducing the previous sending rate as the current sending rate; otherwise The previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein the reduced or increased amplitude is determined by a linear adjustment algorithm, or an exponential multiple adjustment algorithm.
进一步地， 所述预先设定的阈值根据期望的测量精度设定， 期望测量 结果的测量精度越高， 相应设定的阈值越小。 Further, the preset threshold is set according to a desired measurement accuracy, and the higher the measurement accuracy of the desired measurement result, the smaller the corresponding set threshold value.
基于上述方法， 本发明还提出一种端到端可用带宽测量系统， 该系统 包括： 源端和目的端； 其中， Based on the above method, the present invention also provides an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system, where the system includes: a source end and a destination end;
源端， 用于协同目的端确定自身到目的端的临界丟包率和网络环境平 均抖动值； 并以目的端反馈的本次丟包率、 临界丟包率及预先设定的阈值 以循环迭代的方式来确定可用的带宽的值； The source side is used to determine the critical packet loss rate and the average network jitter value of the network end by the cooperative destination end; and the current packet loss rate, the critical packet loss rate, and the preset threshold value fed back by the destination end are cyclically iterative. Way to determine the value of the available bandwidth;
目的端， 用于协同源端确定临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值， 以及 在设定时间内接受源端发送的数据包队列， 统计计算本次发送数据包队列 的丟包率， 并将其反馈给源端。 The destination end is configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value, and accept a data packet queue sent by the source end within a set time, and statistically calculate a packet loss rate of the current data packet queue, and Its feedback to the source.
进一步地， 所述目的端包括： Further, the destination includes:
设定模块， 用于根据所述数据包队列包含数据包的数目、 发送数据包 的发送间隔以及源端和目的端所处的网络环境平均抖动值设定用于计算本 次丟包率的时长； a setting module, configured to set a duration for calculating the current packet loss rate according to the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, the sending interval of the sending data packet, and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located ;
丟包率计算模块， 用于根据设定模块设定的时长统计计算本次丟包率 并发送至源端。 The packet loss rate calculation module is configured to calculate the current packet loss rate according to the duration set by the setting module and send the packet loss rate to the source end.
进一步地， 所述源端包括：
初始化模块， 用于确定临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值； 速率确定模块， 用于在初始情况下确定初始的发送速率， 并在非初始 情况下根据前一次的丟包率和发送速率， 确定本次发送速率； 在非初始情 况下， 所述速率确定模块判断前一次的丟包率是否大于所述临界丟包率， 若是， 则将前一次的发送速率降低后作为所述本次发送速率； 否则将前一 次的发送速率提高后作为所述本次发送速率； 其中， 降低或提高的幅度采 用线性调整算法、 或指数倍调整算法确定。 Further, the source end includes: An initialization module, configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value; a rate determining module, configured to determine an initial transmission rate in an initial situation, and in a non-initial case, according to a previous packet loss rate and a transmission rate, Determining the current transmission rate; in a non-initial situation, the rate determination module determines whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than the critical packet loss rate, and if so, reduces the previous transmission rate as the current transmission. Rate; otherwise, the previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein the reduced or increased amplitude is determined by a linear adjustment algorithm, or an exponential multiple adjustment algorithm.
判断模块， 用于判断本次丟包率与临界丟包率的差是否大于预先设定 的阈值； a determining module, configured to determine whether a difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold;
带宽处理模块， 用于在本次丟包率与临界丟包率的差不大于预先设定 的阈值的情况下， 将本地发送速率确定为可用带宽； 以及在本次丟包率与 临界丟包率的差大于预先设定的阈值的情况下将本次丟包率作为前一次的 丟包率、 将本次发送速率作为前一次的发送速率。 a bandwidth processing module, configured to determine a local transmission rate as an available bandwidth when the difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is not greater than a preset threshold; and the packet loss rate and the critical packet loss at the current packet loss rate When the difference of the rate is greater than a predetermined threshold, the current packet loss rate is taken as the previous packet loss rate, and the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate.
本发明在确定源端到目的端的临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值后， 调整发送数据包队列的发送速率， 使得发送数据包队列的丟包率接近临界 丟包率， 在丟包率在预设的阈值范围内时将本次发送速率确定为可用带宽。 本发明的测量方法对时间精度要求较低， 本发明根据设定的时长内接收到 的数据包数目计算本次丟包率， 可以减小由于节点緩存导致的延迟对丟包 率的影响， 使得测试结果更加准确。 附图说明 After determining the critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end and the average jitter value of the network environment, the present invention adjusts the transmission rate of the sent data packet queue, so that the packet loss rate of the transmitted data packet queue is close to the critical packet loss rate, and the packet loss rate is The current transmission rate is determined to be the available bandwidth when the preset threshold range is within. The measurement method of the present invention requires less time precision. The present invention calculates the current packet loss rate according to the number of data packets received within the set duration, and can reduce the impact of the delay caused by the node buffer on the packet loss rate, so that The test results are more accurate. DRAWINGS
图 1为端到端带宽的度量参数间关系的示意图； Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between metric parameters of end-to-end bandwidth;
图 2为本发明实施例端到端可用带宽测量方法的实现流程图； 图 3为本发明实施例端到端可用带宽测量系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式 2 is a flowchart of implementing an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
本发明实施例端到端可用带宽测量方法的实现流程如图 2所示， 包括 以下步骤： The implementation process of the end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2, and includes the following steps:
步骤 201 : 确定源端到目的端的临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值； 在每次测量可用带宽前， 首先需要确定网络当前的临界丟包率和网络 环境平均抖动值， 临界丟包率用于确定是否能将当前的发送速率确定为可 用带宽， 网络环境平均抖动值用于设定目的端用于统计当前丟包率的时长。 Step 201: Determine the critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end and the average jitter value of the network environment. Before each measurement of the available bandwidth, first determine the current critical packet loss rate and the average network network jitter value. The critical packet loss rate is used. To determine whether the current transmission rate can be determined as the available bandwidth, the network environment average jitter value is used to set the duration at which the destination uses to count the current packet loss rate.
临界丟包率的具体确定方法为： 源端以周期 T为时间间隔向目的端发 送 N个 ping包，将返回数据包的数目与 ping出数据包的数目的比值作为所 述临界丟包率。 网络环境平均抖动值的计算方法为： The specific method for determining the critical packet loss rate is as follows: The source end sends N ping packets to the destination end at a time interval T, and the ratio of the number of returned data packets to the number of pinged data packets is used as the critical packet loss rate. The average jitter value of the network environment is calculated as:
N- N-
2{N - \) 2{N - \)
其中 ;为每个 ping包从源端到目的端所用的时长。 Where ; the length of time each ping packet is used from the source to the destination.
步骤 202: 源端根据前一次的丟包率和发送速率， 确定本次发送速率， 并以确定的发送速率发送数据包队列； Step 202: The source end determines the current transmission rate according to the previous packet loss rate and the transmission rate, and sends a data packet queue according to the determined transmission rate.
该步骤为循环的入口， 本发明以临界丟包率为基准， 以循环迭代方式 来确定可用的带宽的值。 其中， 所述数据包队列所包含的数据包数目不宜 太小， 推荐为 1000个。 This step is the entry of the loop. The present invention determines the value of the available bandwidth in a loop iteration manner based on the critical packet loss rate. The number of data packets included in the data packet queue is not too small, and is recommended to be 1000.
在初次进入循环时， 以预先设定的初始发送速率作为所述本次发送速 率； 若已知源端到目的端的瓶颈带宽时， 可将瓶颈带宽作为初始发送速率， 若未知源端到目的端的瓶颈带宽时， 可根据测试经验设定初始发送速率； 在非初次进入循环的情况下， 所述确定本次发送速率的方法为： 判断前一次的丟包率是否大于所述临界丟包率， 如果大于， 则将前一 次的发送速率降低后作为本次发送速率； 否则将前一次的发送速率提高后 作为本次发送速率； 其中， 降低或提高的幅度采用线性调整算法或指数倍
调整算法确定。 调整速率可以从改变数据包大小和数据包发送间隔两个方 面进行。 When the loop enters the loop for the first time, the preset initial transmission rate is used as the current transmission rate; if the bottleneck bandwidth from the source to the destination is known, the bottleneck bandwidth can be used as the initial transmission rate, if the source to the destination is unknown. In the case of the bottleneck bandwidth, the initial transmission rate may be set according to the test experience. In the case of not entering the loop, the method for determining the current transmission rate is: determining whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than the critical packet loss rate. If it is greater than, the previous transmission rate is reduced as the current transmission rate; otherwise, the previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein the reduced or increased amplitude is linearly adjusted or exponentially The adjustment algorithm determines. The adjustment rate can be changed from two aspects: changing the packet size and the packet transmission interval.
步骤 203: 目的端接收数据包， 并在接收时长等于设定的时长时， 根据 接收到的数据包数目计算本次丟包率并将其发送至源端； 送数据包的发送间隔 T 以及源端和目的端所处的网络环境平均抖动值来设 定。 所述设定的时长值可通过下式来确定： Step 203: The destination end receives the data packet, and when the receiving duration is equal to the set duration, calculates the current packet loss rate according to the number of received data packets and sends it to the source end; the sending interval T and the source of the sent data packet The average jitter value of the network environment where the end and destination are located is set. The set duration value can be determined by the following formula:
( N-1 ) *T+ A t ( N-1 ) *T+ A t
其中， A t是时长延展值， 该值由源端和目的端所处的网络环境平均抖 动决定， 可将 A t设定为平均抖动值。 Among them, A t is the duration extension value, which is determined by the average jitter of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located, and A t can be set as the average jitter value.
本发明考虑到在传输数据包队列的过程中， 数据包在节点緩存发生拥 塞， 使得接收到数据包的时间间隔延长， 但如果不设定时长， 数据包有可 能在较长延迟之后还是能够到达目的端， 这样就使得丟包率测量结果不准 确， 进而使得可用带宽测量结果不准确， 还会导致测试过程长时间不收敛， 为了防止上述情况的发生， 本发明实施例根据设定的时长内接收到的数据 包数目计算丟包率， 可以减小节点緩存导致的延迟对丟包率的影响， 使得 测试结果更加准确， 且对时间精度的要求不高。 The present invention contemplates that during the transmission of the data packet queue, the data packet is congested in the node buffer, so that the time interval for receiving the data packet is extended, but if the duration is not set, the data packet may still arrive after a long delay. At the destination end, the packet loss rate measurement result is inaccurate, and the available bandwidth measurement result is inaccurate, and the test process does not converge for a long time. To prevent the occurrence of the above situation, the embodiment of the present invention is based on the set duration. The number of received packets calculates the packet loss rate, which can reduce the impact of the delay caused by the node cache on the packet loss rate, making the test results more accurate and less demanding on time accuracy.
步骤 204: 源端接收到目的端反馈的本次发送数据包队列的丟包率（本 次丟包率）后， 判断本次丟包率与所述临界丟包率的差是否大于预先设定 的阈值， 若大于则执行步骤 205; 否则执行步骤 206; Step 204: After receiving the packet loss rate (the current packet loss rate) of the current data packet queue fed back by the destination end, the source end determines whether the difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset. Threshold, if it is greater than step 205; otherwise, step 206;
其中， 所述阈值根据期望的测量精度设定， 期望测量结果的测量精度 越高， 则相应的设定的阈值越小。 Wherein, the threshold value is set according to a desired measurement accuracy, and the higher the measurement accuracy of the desired measurement result is, the smaller the corresponding set threshold value is.
步骤 205: 源端将本次发送数据包队列的丟包率作为前一次的丟包率、 以及将本次发送速率作为前一次的发送速率， 返回执行步骤 202; Step 205: The source end returns the packet loss rate of the current data packet queue as the previous packet loss rate, and returns the current transmission rate as the previous transmission rate, and returns to step 202;
步骤 206: 源端将本次发送速率作为源端到目的端的可用带宽， 结束本
次测量流程。 Step 206: The source end uses the current sending rate as the available bandwidth from the source end to the destination end, and ends the present application. Secondary measurement process.
本发明实施例端到端可用带宽测量系统的结构如图 3所示， 包括： 源 端和目的端； 其中， The structure of the end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3, including: a source end and a destination end;
源端， 用于协同目的端确定自身到目的端的临界丟包率和网络环境平 均抖动值； 并以目的端反馈的本次丟包率、 临界丟包率及预先设定的阈值 以循环迭代的方式来确定可用的带宽的值； The source side is used to determine the critical packet loss rate and the average network jitter value of the network end by the cooperative destination end; and the current packet loss rate, the critical packet loss rate, and the preset threshold value fed back by the destination end are cyclically iterative. Way to determine the value of the available bandwidth;
目的端， 用于协同源端确定临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值， 以及 在设定时间内接受源端发送的数据包队列， 统计计算本次丟包率， 并将其 反馈给源端。 The destination end is used to determine the critical packet loss rate and the average jitter value of the network environment, and accept the data packet queue sent by the source end within the set time, calculate the current packet loss rate statistically, and feed it back to the source end. .
所述源端包括： 初始化模块、 速率确定模块、 判断模块、 带宽处理模 块； 其中， The source end includes: an initialization module, a rate determining module, a determining module, and a bandwidth processing module;
初始化模块， 用于确定临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值； An initialization module, configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value;
速率确定模块， 用于在初始情况下确定初始的发送速率， 并在非初始 情况下根据前一次的丟包率和发送速率， 确定本次发送速率； a rate determining module, configured to determine an initial sending rate in an initial situation, and determine the current sending rate according to a previous packet loss rate and a sending rate in a non-initial situation;
判断模块， 用于判断本次丟包率与临界丟包率的差是否大于预先设定 的阈值； a determining module, configured to determine whether a difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold;
带宽处理模块， 用于在本次丟包率与临界丟包率的差不大于预先设定 的阈值的情况下， 将本地发送速率确定为可用带宽； 以及在本次丟包率与 临界丟包率的差大于预先设定的阈值的情况下将本次丟包率作为前一次的 丟包率、 将本次发送速率作为前一次的发送速率。 a bandwidth processing module, configured to determine a local transmission rate as an available bandwidth when the difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is not greater than a preset threshold; and the packet loss rate and the critical packet loss at the current packet loss rate When the difference of the rate is greater than a predetermined threshold, the current packet loss rate is taken as the previous packet loss rate, and the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate.
所述目的端包括： 设定模块、 丟包率计算模块； The destination includes: a setting module and a packet loss rate calculation module;
设定模块， 用于根据所述数据包队列包含数据包的数目、 发送数据包 的发送间隔以及源端和目的端所处的网络环境平均抖动值设定用于计算本 次丟包率的时长； a setting module, configured to set a duration for calculating the current packet loss rate according to the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, the sending interval of the sending data packet, and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located ;
丟包率计算模块， 用于根据设定模块设定的时长统计计算本次丟包率
并发送至源端。 The packet loss rate calculation module is configured to calculate the current packet loss rate according to the duration of the setting module. And sent to the source.
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1、 一种端到端可用带宽测量方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括： An end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method, the method comprising:
A、 确定源端到目的端的临界丟包率与网络环境平均抖动值； A. Determine the critical packet loss rate from the source end to the destination end and the average jitter value of the network environment;
B、 源端根据前一次的丟包率和发送速率， 确定本次发送速率， 并以确 定的发送速率发送数据包队列； B. The source end determines the current transmission rate according to the previous packet loss rate and the transmission rate, and sends the data packet queue at the determined transmission rate.
C、 目的端接收所述数据包队列， 计算本次发送数据包队列的丟包率， 并将其发送给源端； C. The destination end receives the data packet queue, calculates a packet loss rate of the current data packet queue, and sends the packet loss rate to the source end;
D、源端判断本次发送数据包队列的丟包率与所述临界丟包率的差是否 大于预先设定的阈值， 若是， 则源端将本次发送数据包队列的丟包率作为 前一次的丟包率、将本次发送速率作为前一次的发送速率，再次执行步骤 B; 否则将本次发送速率作为源端到目的端的可用带宽。 D. The source end determines whether the difference between the packet loss rate of the current transmission packet queue and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold. If yes, the source end uses the packet loss rate of the current transmission packet queue as the former. The packet loss rate is once, and the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate, and step B is performed again; otherwise, the current transmission rate is used as the source-to-destination available bandwidth.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述端到端可用带宽测量方法， 其特征在于， 所述 本次发送数据包队列的丟包率的计算方法为： 目的端接收数据包队列， 并 在接收时长等于设定的时长时， 根据接收到的数据包数目统计计算所述本 次发送数据包队列的丟包率； 其中， 所述设定的时长根据所述数据包队列 包含数据包的数目、 数据包发送时间间隔以及源端和目的端所处的网络环 境平均抖动值来设定。 The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the packet loss rate of the current transmission packet queue is: the destination end receives the data packet queue, and the receiving duration is equal to Calculating the packet loss rate of the current transmission packet queue according to the number of received data packets; wherein, the set duration is based on the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, and the data packet is sent. The time interval and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source and destination are located are set.
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述端到端可用带宽测量方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 A中， 所述确定源端到目的端的临界丟包率具体为： The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step A, the critical packet loss rate of the source end to the destination end is specifically:
源端向目的端 ping包， 将返回数据包的数目与 ping出数据包的数目的 比值作为所述临界丟包率。 The source pings the packet to the destination, and uses the ratio of the number of returned packets to the number of pinged packets as the critical packet loss rate.
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述端到端可用带宽测量方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 B中， 在初始情况下， 源端将预先设定的初始发送速率作为所述本次 发送速率； 其中， 已知源端到目的端的瓶颈带宽时， 将瓶颈带宽作为初始
发送速率。 The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the initial situation, the source end uses the preset initial transmission rate as the current transmission rate; When the bottleneck bandwidth from the source to the destination is known, the bottleneck bandwidth is used as the initial Send rate.
5、 根据权利要求 4所述端到端可用带宽测量方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 B 中， 在非初始情况下， 所述确定本次发送速率具体为： 确定前一次的丟 包率是否大于所述临界丟包率， 若是， 则将前一次的发送速率降低后作为 本次发送速率； 否则将前一次的发送速率提高后作为本次发送速率； 其中， 降低或提高的幅度采用线性调整算法、 或指数倍调整算法确定。 The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method according to claim 4, wherein, in the step B, the determining the current transmission rate is: determining whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than The critical packet loss rate, if yes, the previous transmission rate is reduced as the current transmission rate; otherwise, the previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein, the reduced or increased amplitude adopts a linear adjustment algorithm, Or index double adjustment algorithm determined.
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述端到端可用带宽测量方法， 其特征在于， 所述预先设定的阈值根据期望的测量精度设定， 期望测量结果的测量精度 越高， 相应设定的阈值越小。 The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preset threshold is set according to a desired measurement accuracy, and the measurement accuracy of the desired measurement result is higher, correspondingly set. The smaller the threshold.
7、 一种端到端可用带宽测量系统， 其特征在于， 该系统包括： 源端和 目的端； 其中， An end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system, the system comprising: a source end and a destination end; wherein
源端， 用于协同目的端确定自身到目的端的临界丟包率和网络环境平 均抖动值； 并以目的端反馈的本次丟包率、 临界丟包率及预先设定的阈值 以循环迭代的方式来确定可用的带宽的值； The source side is used to determine the critical packet loss rate and the average network jitter value of the network end by the cooperative destination end; and the current packet loss rate, the critical packet loss rate, and the preset threshold value fed back by the destination end are cyclically iterative. Way to determine the value of the available bandwidth;
目的端， 用于协同源端确定临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值， 以及 在设定时间内接受源端发送的数据包队列， 统计计算本次发送数据包队列 的丟包率， 并将其反馈给源端。 The destination end is configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value, and accept a data packet queue sent by the source end within a set time, and statistically calculate a packet loss rate of the current data packet queue, and Its feedback to the source.
8、 根据权利要求 7所述端到端可用带宽测量系统， 其特征在于， 所述 目的端包括： The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system according to claim 7, wherein the destination end comprises:
设定模块， 用于根据所述数据包队列包含数据包的数目、 发送数据包 的发送间隔以及源端和目的端所处的网络环境平均抖动值设定用于计算本 次丟包率的时长； a setting module, configured to set a duration for calculating the current packet loss rate according to the number of data packets included in the data packet queue, the sending interval of the sending data packet, and the average jitter value of the network environment where the source end and the destination end are located ;
丟包率计算模块， 用于根据设定模块设定的时长统计计算本次丟包率 并发送至源端。 The packet loss rate calculation module is configured to calculate the current packet loss rate according to the duration set by the setting module and send the packet loss rate to the source end.
9、 根据权利要求 7所述端到端可用带宽测量系统， 其特征在于， 所述
源端包括： 9. The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system according to claim 7, wherein: The source includes:
初始化模块， 用于确定临界丟包率和网络环境平均抖动值； An initialization module, configured to determine a critical packet loss rate and a network environment average jitter value;
速率确定模块， 用于在初始情况下确定初始的发送速率， 并在非初始 情况下根据前一次的丟包率和发送速率， 确定本次发送速率； a rate determining module, configured to determine an initial sending rate in an initial situation, and determine the current sending rate according to a previous packet loss rate and a sending rate in a non-initial situation;
判断模块， 用于判断本次丟包率与临界丟包率的差是否大于预先设定 的阈值； a determining module, configured to determine whether a difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is greater than a preset threshold;
带宽处理模块， 用于在本次丟包率与临界丟包率的差不大于预先设定 的阈值的情况下， 将本地发送速率确定为可用带宽； 以及在本次丟包率与 临界丟包率的差大于预先设定的阈值的情况下将本次丟包率作为前一次的 丟包率、 将本次发送速率作为前一次的发送速率。 a bandwidth processing module, configured to determine a local transmission rate as an available bandwidth when the difference between the current packet loss rate and the critical packet loss rate is not greater than a preset threshold; and the packet loss rate and the critical packet loss at the current packet loss rate When the difference of the rate is greater than a predetermined threshold, the current packet loss rate is taken as the previous packet loss rate, and the current transmission rate is used as the previous transmission rate.
10、 根据权利要求 7所述端到端可用带宽测量系统， 其特征在于， 在非初始情况下， 所述速率确定模块判断前一次的丟包率是否大于所 述临界丟包率， 若是， 则将前一次的发送速率降低后作为所述本次发送速 率； 否则将前一次的发送速率提高后作为所述本次发送速率； 其中， 降低 或提高的幅度采用线性调整算法、 或指数倍调整算法确定。
The end-to-end available bandwidth measurement system according to claim 7, wherein, in a non-initial situation, the rate determining module determines whether the previous packet loss rate is greater than the critical packet loss rate, and if so, The previous transmission rate is reduced as the current transmission rate; otherwise, the previous transmission rate is increased as the current transmission rate; wherein the reduced or increased amplitude is determined by a linear adjustment algorithm or an exponential multiple adjustment algorithm. determine.
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