WO2010075368A1 - Pointe de fibre optique à émission latérale avec diamètre de faisceau basé sur la longueur - Google Patents

Pointe de fibre optique à émission latérale avec diamètre de faisceau basé sur la longueur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010075368A1
WO2010075368A1 PCT/US2009/069166 US2009069166W WO2010075368A1 WO 2010075368 A1 WO2010075368 A1 WO 2010075368A1 US 2009069166 W US2009069166 W US 2009069166W WO 2010075368 A1 WO2010075368 A1 WO 2010075368A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
coreless rod
optic fiber
coreless
diameter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/069166
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Venkatapuram S. Sudarshanam
Original Assignee
Ams Research Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ams Research Corporation filed Critical Ams Research Corporation
Publication of WO2010075368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010075368A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B2018/2255—Optical elements at the distal end of probe tips
    • A61B2018/2272—Optical elements at the distal end of probe tips with reflective or refractive surfaces for deflecting the beam

Definitions

  • Optic fibers guide laser light from a first end of the optic fiber to a second end of the optic fiber.
  • the light is maintained within the optic fiber due to total internal reflection that occurs at a boundary between a central core of the optic fiber and a surrounding cladding. This total internal reflection is caused by a difference in the index of refraction of the core relative to the cladding.
  • the laser light is emitted from the end of the optic fiber.
  • the end of the optic fiber is altered so that light guided within the optic fiber is emitted from a side surface of the optic fiber.
  • this alteration involves removing the cladding around the core at the end of the optic fiber and forming a total internal reflection surface on the end of the core.
  • the total internal reflection surface is at an oblique angle to the axis of the optic fiber such that light from the optic fiber is reflected off the surface and out the side of the core.
  • Such optic fibers are known as side-firing optic fibers.
  • an optic fiber having a core and a cladding surrounding the core is coupled to a coreless rod.
  • the coreless rod has a free end defining a total internal reflection surface.
  • the coreless rod has a diameter that is greater than the diameter of the core.
  • a method involves applying light to a first end of an optic fiber such that the light passes through the optic fiber to a second end of the optic fiber. The light then passes into a coreless rod fused to the second end of the optic fiber. The light reflects off a total internal reflection surface of the coreless rod and exits through a side of the coreless rod.
  • a system has a laser light production system that produces a laser light and an optic fiber that receives the laser light from the laser light production system at a first end of the optic fiber.
  • the optic fiber guides the laser light to a second end of the optic fiber.
  • a coreless rod is coupled to the second end of the optic fiber at an interface and receives the laser light from the second end of the optic fiber.
  • the coreless rod allows a diameter of the laser light to increase as the laser light passes through the coreless rod.
  • the coreless rod emits the laser light out a side surface of the coreless rod, wherein the side surface of the coreless rod extends from the interface between the coreless rod and the second end of the optic fiber to an end of the coreless rod.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a laser system.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a side- firing optic fiber tip under one embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a side-firing optic fiber tip under a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a side-firing optic fiber tip of a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the side-firing optic fiber tip of FIG. 2 showing a beam of light.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of the side-firing optic fiber tip of FIG. 3 showing a beam of light.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of a side-firing optic fiber tip of FIG. 4 showing a beam of light.
  • FIG, 8 is a cross-sectional side view of a side-firing optic fiber tip showing a beam diameter at a working distance.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross- sectional side view of a side-firing optic fiber tip showing a beam diameter at a working distance.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow diagram showing the path of light as it passes through a laser system of some embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a laser system 100 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the laser system 100 includes a laser production systems 101, an optic fiber 168, and a side-firing delivery tip 170.
  • Laser production system 101 includes a gain medium 102, a pump module 104 and a laser resonator 106.
  • the gain medium 102 is a doped crystalline host that is configured to absorb pump energy 108 generated by the pump module 104 having a wavelength that is within an operating wavelength (i.e., absorption spectra) range of the gain medium 102.
  • the gain medium 102 is end-pumped by the pump energy 108, which is transmitted through a folding mirror 110 that is transmissive at the wavelength of the pump energy 108.
  • the gain medium 102 absorbs the pump energy 108 and responsively outputs laser light 112.
  • the gain medium 102 is water cooled (not shown) along the sides of the host (not shown).
  • the gain medium 102 includes an undoped end cap 114 bonded on a first end 116 of the gain medium 102, and an undoped end cap 118 bonded on a second end 120 of the gain medium 102.
  • the end 120 is coated so that it is reflective at the pump energy wavelength, while transmissive at a resonant mode of the system 100. hi this manner, the pump energy that is unabsorbed at the second end 120 is redirected back through the gain medium 102 to be absorbed.
  • the laser resonator 106 is configured to generate a harmonic of the laser light 112 output from the gain medium 102.
  • the laser resonator 106 includes a non-linear crystal (NLC) 150, such as a lithium borate (LBO) crystal or a potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (KTP), for generating a second harmonic of the laser beam 112 emitted by the gain medium 102.
  • NLC non-linear crystal
  • LBO lithium borate
  • KTP potassium titanyl phosphate crystal
  • the gain medium 102 comprises a yttrium-aluminum-garnet crystal (YAG) rod with neodymium atoms dispersed in the YAG rod to form a Nd;YAG gain medium 102.
  • the Nd: YAG gain medium 102 converts the pump light into the laser light 112 having a primary wavelength of 1064nm.
  • the laser resonator 106 generates the second harmonic of the 1064nm laser light 164 having a wavelength of 532nm.
  • One advantage of the 532 nm wavelength is that it is strongly absorbed by hemoglobin in blood and, therefore, is useful in medical procedures to cut, vaporize and coagulate vascular tissue.
  • the laser resonator 106 includes a Q-switch 152 that operates to change the laser beam 112 into a train of short pulses with high peak power to increase the conversion efficiency of the second harmonic laser beam.
  • the laser resonator 106 also includes reflecting mirrors 156, 158 and 162, folding mirror 110, and output coupler 160.
  • the mirrors 110, 156, 158 and 162, and output coupler 160 are highly reflective at the primary wavelength (e.g., 1064nm).
  • the output coupler 160 is highly transmissive at the second harmonic output wavelength (e.g., 532nm).
  • the primary wavelength laser beam (e.g., 1064nm) inside the resonator 106 bounces back and forth along the path between the mirrors 158 and 162, passing through the gain medium 102 and the non-linear crystal 150 to be frequency doubled to the second harmonic output wavelength (e.g., 532nm) beam, which is discharged through output coupler 160 as the output laser 164.
  • the Z-shaped resonant cavity can be configured as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,025,446 by Kuizenga.
  • An optical coupler 166 receives output laser 164 and introduces laser 164 into optical fiber 168.
  • the optic fiber 168 generally comprises multiple concentric layers that include an outer nylon jacket, a buffer or hard cladding, a cladding and a core.
  • the cladding is bonded to the core and the cladding and core operate as a waveguide that allows electromagnetic energy, such as laser beam 164, to travel through the core.
  • Laser beam 164 is guided along optic fiber 168 to side-firing delivery tip 170, which emits the laser beam at an angle to the axis of optic fiber 168.
  • FIG. 2 provides a cross-sectional side view of a side-firing optic fiber tip 200.
  • Side-firing optic fiber tip 200 includes a coreless rod 202 that is fused to an optic fiber 204 at an interface 206.
  • coreless rod 202 is fused to optic fiber 204 using commercially available fusion splicers such as CO 2 laser fusion splicers.
  • Optic fiber 204 is constructed of a cylindrical core 208 and a cladding 210 that extends concentrically about cylindrical core 208.
  • Core 208 and cladding 210 can be constructed of silica glass doped with various materials. Cladding 210 and core 208 have different indexes of refraction and as such cause total internal reflection of laser light at the boundary between core 208 and cladding 210.
  • Core 208 and cladding 210 are symmetric about an axis 212 of optic fiber 204.
  • Coreless rod 202 is a cylindrical rod with a polished end 214 that defines a total internal reflection surface 216.
  • Coreless rod 202 has a diameter 218 that is larger than the diameter 220 of core 208.
  • diameter 218 of coreless rod 202 matches the outer diameter 222 of cladding 210,
  • Total internal reflection surface 216 is at an oblique angle 224 to axis 212. Under one embodiment, this angle is 38 degrees.
  • coreless rod 202 is a doped silica material.
  • a silica cap 230 encases coreless rod 202 and the end of optic fiber 204.
  • Cap 230 may be glued to optic fiber 204 and/or may be fused with coreless rod 202.
  • Cap 230 and total internal reflection surface 216 of coreless rod 202 together define a cavity 232.
  • cavity 232 contains air.
  • FIG. 2 shows coreless rod 202 in direct contact with cap 230 along the sides of coreless rod 202, in other embodiments, an air gap may be present between the sides of coreless rod 202 and cap 230.
  • FIG. 3 provides a cross-sectional side view of a second embodiment of a side- firing optic fiber tip 300.
  • Tip 300 includes a coreless rod 302 fused to the end of an optic fiber 304 at an interface 306.
  • Optic fiber 304 includes a core 308 and cladding 310.
  • Core 308 is a cylindrical rod concentric about an axis 312 and cladding 310 concentrically surrounds core 308.
  • Coreless rod 302 has a diameter 318 that is larger than a diameter 320 of core 308. Under one embodiment, diameter 318 of coreless rod 302 is the same as the outer diameter 322 of cladding 310.
  • An end 314 of coreless rod 302 has been polished at an oblique angle 324 to the axis 312 to define a total internal reflection surface 316.
  • a lower index rod 330 has an end that is polished to the same oblique angle 324 and is fused to the total internal reflection surface 316. Under one embodiment, angle 324 is 38 degrees. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other oblique angles can be used based upon the wavelength of light and the index of refraction of the coreless rod and the index of refraction of a lower index rod 330 that is fused to total internal reflection surface 316.
  • Lower index rod 330 has a lower index of refraction than coreless rod 302, thereby generating total internal reflection within coreless rod 302.
  • lower index rod 330 has a rounded free end 332 opposite total internal reflection surface 316.
  • core 308, cladding 310, coreless rod 302, and lower index rod 330 are each constructed of doped silica, with different amounts or types of dopants being used to change the index of refraction of each portion of tip 300.
  • the index of refraction of cladding 310 is lower than the index of refraction of core 308 and the index of refraction of lower index 330 is lower than the index of refraction of coreless rod 302.
  • FIG. 4 provides an embodiment wherein side firing optic fiber tip 300 is encased in a metal casing 400. All of the aspects of side firing optic fiber tip 300 in FIG. 4 are the same as in FIG. 3.
  • Casing 400 comprises a cylindrical tube with a closed end 402 and an opening 404. Opening 404 allows light emitted from the side of coreless rod 302 to exit the casing 400.
  • casing 400 is a metallic casing designed to protect side firing optic fiber tip 300.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of side firing optic fiber tip 200 of FIG. 2 showing the presence of a light beam 500 within tip 200.
  • Light beam 500 is shown as a shaded area with the direction of propagation shown by arrows 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, and 512.
  • coreless rod 202 is shown to have a length 514 from interface 206 between coreless rod 202 and optic fiber 204 and a point 518 at the intersection of axis 212 and total internal reflection surface 216.
  • the diameter of light beam 500 increases.
  • the diameter 520 of light beam 500 a distance from interface 206 is greater than the diameter 522 of light beam 500 at interface 206.
  • the diameter of light beam 500 is equal to the diameter of core 208. Because the diameter of light beam 500 increases as the light propagates along the length of coreless rod 202, a coreless rod with a longer length 514 will produce a larger diameter beam. Thus, by adjusting the length 514 of the coreless rod, one is able to adjust the diameter of the beam emitted by tip 200.
  • FIG. 6 provides a cross-sectional side view of side firing optic fiber tip 300 of FIG. 3 showing a light beam 600 similar to light beam 500 in FIG. 5.
  • the diameter of light beam 600 increases along a length 614 of coreless rod 302 such that the diameter 620 a distance from interface 306 is greater than a diameter 622 at interface 306. Varying the length 614 of coreless rod 302 produces different beam diameters emitted through the side of coreless rod 302.
  • FIG. 7 provides a cross-sectional side view of tip 300 in casing 400 of FIG. 4 showing a light beam 700, wherein the light beam 700 has a larger diameter 720 a distance from interface 306 than a diameter 722 at interface 306.
  • the diameter of beam 700 continues to increase as the light propagates along the length of the coreless rod 302 such that the diameter of the beam of light 700 can be made larger using a longer length coreless rod.
  • the diameter of the beam output by the coreless rod is limited by the diameter of the coreless rod such that when the length of the coreless rod causes the beam to expand to the full diameter of the coreless rod, any further additions to the length will not result in increases in the diameter of the output light beam.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show a difference in beam diameters 800 and 900 at targets 802 and 902, respectively.
  • Target 802 is a distance 804 from a side 806 of a side firing optic fiber tip 808.
  • Target 902 is a distance 904 from a side surface 906 of a side firing optic fiber tip 908.
  • Distance 804 and distance 904 are the same but diameter 800 of beam 801 is smaller than diameter 900 of beam 901.
  • the difference in the size of beam diameter 800 versus beam diameter 900 is due to a difference in the length 810 of coreless rod 812 of FIG. 8 relative to the length 910 of coreless rod 912 of FIG. 9.
  • length 810 is shorter than length 910 resulting in a smaller light beam diameter 800 at target 802 than light beam diameter 900 at target 902.
  • Both side firing optic fiber tip 808 and side firing optic fiber tip 908 have a similar construction to side firing optic fiber tip 200 of FIG. 2.
  • the diameter of the respective light beam in the respective coreless rod expands as the light beam travels from an interface between the coreless rod and the optic fiber. Since length 910 of coreless rod 912 is greater than length 810 of coreless rod 812, the diameter of the light beam expands further in side firing optic fiber tip 908 before being emitted by the tip than in side firing optic fiber tip 808.
  • the diameter 900 of the light beam at target 902 is greater than the diameter 800 of the light beam at target 802, even though the working distances 804 and 904 are equal.
  • a laser system is provided with a single laser production system and multiple interchangeable optic fibers, with each optic fiber having a side firing optic fiber tip that emits a different diameter light beam due to a different length coreless rod in the tip.
  • each optic fiber having a side firing optic fiber tip that emits a different diameter light beam due to a different length coreless rod in the tip.
  • FIG. 10 provides a flow diagram describing the passage of light through some embodiments of the present invention.
  • laser light is applied to a first end of an optic fiber. Under one embodiment, this is achieved using an optical coupler of a laser production system such as optical coupler 166 of FIG. 1.
  • the light is guided through the optic fiber to a second end of the optic fiber. Such guiding can be performed by utilizing the total internal reflection between the core of the optic fiber and the cladding surrounding the core of the optic fiber.
  • step 1004 light passes into a coreless rod that is fused to the second end of the optic fiber.
  • the diameter of the beam of light increases as the light moves along the length of the coreless rod in step 1006.
  • step 1008 light reflects off a total internal reflection surface of the coreless rod. This surface can either be at an interface with air or at an interface with a lower index of refraction rod.
  • the reflected light is emitted from a side surface of the coreless rod.
  • the light is emitted through side surface 550, which extends from interface 206 to the total internal reflection surface 216.
  • the light beam is emitted through side surface 650, which extends from interface 306 to total internal reflection surface 316 of coreless rod 302.
  • step 1012 light passes through a cap, if any, on the tip of the side firing optic fiber.
  • step 1014 light reaches a target with a diameter determined in part by the length of the coreless rod.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une fibre optique (204, 304) comportant une âme (208, 308) et une gaine (210, 310) entourant l'âme. L'âme est couplée à une tige sans âme (202, 302). La tige sans âme possède une extrémité libre définissant une surface de réflexion interne totale (216, 316). La tige sans âme a un diamètre (218, 318) qui est supérieur au diamètre (220, 320) de l'âme. À mesure que la lumière passe le long de la tige sans âme, le diamètre de la lumière augmente. La lumière se réfléchit hors de la surface de réflexion interne totale de la tige sans âme et sort à travers un côté de la tige sans âme.
PCT/US2009/069166 2008-12-22 2009-12-22 Pointe de fibre optique à émission latérale avec diamètre de faisceau basé sur la longueur WO2010075368A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US13985608P 2008-12-22 2008-12-22
US61/139,856 2008-12-22

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WO2010075368A1 true WO2010075368A1 (fr) 2010-07-01

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019010113A1 (fr) * 2017-07-06 2019-01-10 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Fibres optiques et systèmes associés
WO2020121887A1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-18 株式会社フジクラ Sonde à fibre optique
JP7466653B2 (ja) 2020-08-05 2024-04-12 朝日インテック株式会社 光照射デバイス、及び、光照射システム

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5428699A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-06-27 Laserscope Probe having optical fiber for laterally directing laser beam
US5562657A (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-10-08 Griffin; Stephen E. Side fire laser catheter method and apparatus
US5700260A (en) * 1994-05-13 1997-12-23 Cynosure, Inc. Endoscopic light delivery system
US5734765A (en) * 1994-07-26 1998-03-31 Ceramoptec Industries Inc. Damage resistant infrared fiber delivery device and system
US6564087B1 (en) * 1991-04-29 2003-05-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Fiber optic needle probes for optical coherence tomography imaging

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6564087B1 (en) * 1991-04-29 2003-05-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Fiber optic needle probes for optical coherence tomography imaging
US5428699A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-06-27 Laserscope Probe having optical fiber for laterally directing laser beam
US5700260A (en) * 1994-05-13 1997-12-23 Cynosure, Inc. Endoscopic light delivery system
US5734765A (en) * 1994-07-26 1998-03-31 Ceramoptec Industries Inc. Damage resistant infrared fiber delivery device and system
US5562657A (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-10-08 Griffin; Stephen E. Side fire laser catheter method and apparatus

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019010113A1 (fr) * 2017-07-06 2019-01-10 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Fibres optiques et systèmes associés
CN111031953A (zh) * 2017-07-06 2020-04-17 波士顿科学医学有限公司 光纤和相关系统
US10722308B2 (en) 2017-07-06 2020-07-28 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Optical fibers and associated systems
CN111031953B (zh) * 2017-07-06 2023-06-20 波士顿科学医学有限公司 光纤和相关系统
WO2020121887A1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-18 株式会社フジクラ Sonde à fibre optique
JPWO2020121887A1 (ja) * 2018-12-12 2021-09-02 株式会社フジクラ 光ファイバプローブ
JP7057444B2 (ja) 2018-12-12 2022-04-19 株式会社フジクラ 光ファイバプローブ
JP7466653B2 (ja) 2020-08-05 2024-04-12 朝日インテック株式会社 光照射デバイス、及び、光照射システム

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