WO2010073948A1 - ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物、レジストパターンの製造方法、半導体装置及び電子デバイス - Google Patents
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物、レジストパターンの製造方法、半導体装置及び電子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010073948A1 WO2010073948A1 PCT/JP2009/070987 JP2009070987W WO2010073948A1 WO 2010073948 A1 WO2010073948 A1 WO 2010073948A1 JP 2009070987 W JP2009070987 W JP 2009070987W WO 2010073948 A1 WO2010073948 A1 WO 2010073948A1
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- photosensitive resin
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/022—Quinonediazides
- G03F7/023—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders
- G03F7/0233—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders characterised by the polymeric binders or the macromolecular additives other than the macromolecular quinonediazides
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- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive photosensitive resin composition, a resist pattern manufacturing method, a semiconductor device, and an electronic device.
- the insulating layer of the package substrate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a semiconductor device) having a surface protective layer, an interlayer insulating film, or a rewiring layer of a semiconductor element is improved in terms of electrical characteristics, heat resistance, mechanical characteristics, etc. It is required to be formed of a material having both.
- Polyimide resin is one of the materials that can satisfy such required characteristics. For example, use of photosensitive polyimide obtained by imparting photosensitive characteristics to polyimide resin has been studied. When photosensitive polyimide is used, there is an advantage that a pattern forming process is simplified and a complicated manufacturing process can be shortened (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the cured polyimide resin film is generally made by thinning a solution of polyimide precursor (polyamic acid) obtained by reacting tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine (so-called varnish) by a method such as spin coating and thermally dehydrating. It is formed by ring closure (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- the polyimide resin is cured through this dehydration ring closure process.
- volume shrinkage due to dehydration (imidization) occurs during curing, resulting in a loss of film thickness and a decrease in dimensional accuracy.
- a film formation process at a low temperature is desired, and a polyimide resin that can perform dehydration and ring closure at a low temperature but has properties comparable to those obtained by dehydration and ring closure at high temperatures. Is required.
- the polyimide precursor is cured at a low temperature, imidization is incomplete, so that the formed cured film becomes brittle.
- Non-Patent Document 2 and Patent Documents 3 to 7 photosensitive resins using other polymers that do not require dehydration and ring closure like polyimide precursors and have high heat resistance have been studied (for example, Non-Patent Document 2 and Patent Documents 3 to 7).
- the present invention can be cured at a low temperature, can be developed with an aqueous alkali solution, and can form a resist pattern that has a sufficiently high sensitivity and resolution, and that has excellent adhesion and thermal shock resistance. It is an object to provide a resin composition, a method for producing a resist pattern using the positive photosensitive resin composition, a semiconductor device having a resist pattern formed by such a method, and an electronic device including the semiconductor device. .
- the present invention relates to a positive photosensitive resin containing (A) an alkali-soluble resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group, (B) a compound that generates an acid by light, (C) a thermal crosslinking agent, and (D) an acrylic resin.
- a resin composition is provided.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition is composed of (D) an acrylic resin, in particular, an acrylic resin having a specific structure, which will be described later. It is considered that a phase separation state is formed. When such a microphase separation state is formed, when stress is generated, (D) the Brownian motion of the fine domain derived from the acrylic resin is activated, and the stress is released by releasing the stress as heat. It is considered that the thermal shock resistance can be improved by relaxing the stress.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention achieves sufficiently high sensitivity, resolution and adhesion at the same time. It is considered a thing.
- the present inventors have adopted residual stress as the above-described stress relaxation index, and have confirmed that the residual stress of the cured film obtained from the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is small. Here, it can be evaluated that the smaller the residual stress, the better the thermal shock resistance.
- the component (A) of the present invention is preferably a phenol resin because the volume shrinkage during curing of the positive photosensitive resin composition can be further reduced, and it can be obtained at a low cost. .
- the component (A) preferably includes (A1) a phenol resin not having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group and (A2) a modified phenol resin having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- component (A2) is preferably further modified by a reaction between a phenolic hydroxyl group and a polybasic acid anhydride in order to further improve the solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution.
- a phenol resin modified with a compound having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 100 carbon atoms can be used because mechanical properties (breaking elongation, elastic modulus and residual stress) can be improved.
- a photosensitive resin composition layer formed from a positive photosensitive resin composition containing such a modified phenolic resin is exposed to light and developed, and then heated, the modified phenolic resin has an unsaturated carbon atom having 4 to 100 carbon atoms in the molecule. Since it has a double bond derived from a compound having a hydrogen group, the double bond is cross-linked and the patterned photosensitive resin film is sufficiently cured. Therefore, it is considered that the mechanical characteristics of the formed resist pattern are improved.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of this invention can achieve sufficiently high sensitivity, resolution, and adhesiveness simultaneously.
- the mass M A1 of the component (A1) and the above (A2) is preferably 5/95 to 95/5.
- the component (B) is preferably an o-quinonediazide compound because the sensitivity at the time of forming a resist pattern is further improved.
- the content of the component (B) is 3 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). It is preferable.
- the component (D) is preferably an acrylic resin having one or more structural units represented by the following general formulas (1) to (3).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents an alkylene group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. Represents a monovalent organic group having
- the component (D) is more preferably an acrylic resin having a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the general formula (2).
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention preferably further contains (E) a compound that generates an acid by heat.
- the component (E) preferably has a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group, and R 7 represents hydrogen or fluorine.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention further contains (F) an elastomer.
- the obtained resist pattern becomes further excellent in terms of flexibility, and the mechanical characteristics and thermal shock resistance of the resist pattern can be further improved.
- the present invention also includes a step of exposing a photosensitive resin film formed using the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention, and patterning the developed photosensitive resin film with an aqueous alkali solution after exposure. And a step of heating the patterned photosensitive resin film.
- a method for producing a resist pattern is provided. According to such a manufacturing method, since the positive photosensitive resin composition described above is used, a resist pattern having good adhesion and thermal shock resistance can be formed with sufficiently high sensitivity and resolution. .
- the method for producing a resist pattern of the present invention preferably includes a step of heating the patterned photosensitive resin film at 200 ° C. or lower. Thereby, the damage by the heat
- the present invention provides a semiconductor device having a resist pattern formed by the above-described manufacturing method as an interlayer insulating film or a surface protective layer. Since this semiconductor device has a resist pattern formed from the positive photosensitive resin composition described above, it exhibits excellent effects.
- the present invention also provides an electronic device comprising the semiconductor device of the present invention. Since such an electronic device has a resist pattern formed from the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention, it is sufficiently excellent in reliability.
- positive photosensitivity that can be cured at a low temperature, can be developed with an aqueous alkali solution, and can form a resist pattern with sufficiently high sensitivity and resolution, and excellent adhesion and thermal shock resistance.
- a resin composition can be provided.
- a resist pattern can be formed by a low-temperature heating process of 200 ° C. or lower, damage to an electronic device due to heat can be prevented, and the reliability is high.
- a semiconductor device can be provided with high yield.
- the present invention also provides a method for forming a resist pattern having good adhesion and thermal shock resistance with sufficiently high sensitivity and resolution using a positive photosensitive resin composition, and a resist pattern formed by such a method. And an electronic device including the semiconductor device.
- the resist pattern formed by the method of the present invention has a good shape and characteristics, and has a small dimensional stability because of a small volume shrinkage during curing.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention comprises (A) an alkali-soluble resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group, (B) a compound that generates an acid by light, (C) a thermal crosslinking agent, and (D) an acrylic resin. And contain.
- A an alkali-soluble resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group
- B a compound that generates an acid by light
- C a thermal crosslinking agent
- D an acrylic resin. And contain.
- each component contained in the positive photosensitive resin composition will be described.
- (A) Component Alkali-soluble resin having phenolic hydroxyl group
- the component (A) is a resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group in the molecule and soluble in an alkaline developer.
- the alkali-soluble resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group as component (A) include polyhydroxystyrene and hydroxystyrene resins such as copolymers containing hydroxystyrene as a monomer unit, phenol resin, and poly (hydroxyamide). And the like, polybenzoxazole precursors such as poly (hydroxyphenylene) ether, and polynaphthol.
- the component (A) may be composed of only one of these resins, or may be composed of two or more.
- a phenol resin is preferable and a novolac type phenol resin is particularly preferable because of its low price, high contrast, and small volume shrinkage upon curing.
- hydroxystyrene resins are also preferred because of their excellent electrical properties (insulating properties) and small volume shrinkage during curing.
- the phenol resin is a polycondensation product of phenol or a derivative thereof and aldehydes.
- the polycondensation is performed in the presence of a catalyst such as an acid or a base.
- a phenol resin obtained when an acid catalyst is used is particularly referred to as a novolak type phenol resin.
- novolak resins include phenol / formaldehyde novolak resins, cresol / formaldehyde novolak resins, xylylenol / formaldehyde novolak resins, resorcinol / formaldehyde novolak resins and phenol-naphthol / formaldehyde novolak resins.
- phenol derivative used for obtaining the phenol resin examples include o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, o-ethylphenol, m-ethylphenol, p-ethylphenol, o-butylphenol, m-butylphenol, p-butylphenol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, 3,5-xylenol, 2,3,5-trimethylphenol and 3 Alkylphenols such as 4,4,5-trimethylphenol, alkoxyphenols such as methoxyphenol and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, alkenylphenols such as vinylphenol and allylphenol, aralkylphenols such as benzylphenol, Alkoxycarbonylphenol such as xyloxyphenol, arylcarbonylphenol such as benzoyloxyphenol, halogenated
- the phenol resin may be a product obtained by polycondensing the above-described phenol or phenol derivative with an aldehyde together with a compound other than phenol such as m-xylene.
- the molar ratio of the compound other than phenol to the phenol derivative used for the condensation polymerization is preferably less than 0.5.
- the aldehydes used to obtain the phenol resin are, for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, hydroxybenzaldehyde, methoxybenzaldehyde, hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, methoxyphenylacetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, chloroacetaldehyde, chlorophenylacetaldehyde, acetone, glyceraldehyde , Glyoxylic acid, methyl glyoxylate, phenyl glyoxylate, hydroxyphenyl glyoxylate, formyl acetic acid, methyl formyl acetate, 2-formylpropionic acid, methyl 2-formylpropionate, pyruvic acid, repric acid, 4-acetylbutyric acid, acetone Dicarboxylic acid and 3,3'-4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic Selected from
- hydroxystyrene-based resin for example, by polymerizing (vinyl polymerization) an ethylenically unsaturated double bond of hydroxystyrene introduced with a protecting group in the presence of a catalyst (radical initiator), and further deprotecting. What is obtained can be used. Also, branch type poly (hydroxystyrene) such as PHS-B (trade name of DuPont) can be used.
- the protective group for hydroxystyrene conventionally known ones such as an alkyl group and a silyl group can be used.
- vinyl group-containing monomers such as styrene, (meth) acrylic acid, and (meth) acrylic acid esters can be copolymerized with hydroxystyrene introduced with a protective group.
- the weight average molecular weight of the component (A) is preferably about 500 to 500,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is a value obtained by measuring by a gel permeation chromatography method and converting from a standard polystyrene calibration curve.
- the component (A) in the present invention preferably contains (A1) a phenol resin not having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group and / or a hydroxystyrene-based resin and (A2) a modified phenol resin having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group. More preferably, the component (A2) is further modified by a reaction between a phenolic hydroxyl group and a polybasic acid anhydride.
- a phenol resin modified with a compound having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 100 carbon atoms is used from the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties (breaking elongation, elastic modulus and residual stress). It is preferable.
- a modified phenolic resin having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group is generally a compound having phenol or a derivative thereof and an unsaturated hydrocarbon group (preferably having 4 to 100 carbon atoms) (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “unsaturated”).
- a reaction product with a hydrocarbon group-containing compound ” hereinafter referred to as“ unsaturated hydrocarbon group-modified phenol derivative ”) and a condensation polymerization product of an aldehyde or a phenol resin and an unsaturated hydrocarbon group. It is a reaction product with the containing compound.
- the phenol derivative here can be the same as the phenol derivative described above as a raw material of the phenol resin as the component (A).
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon group of the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound preferably contains two or more unsaturated groups from the viewpoint of adhesion of the resist pattern and thermal shock resistance. Further, from the viewpoint of compatibility when the resin composition is used and the flexibility of the cured film, the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound preferably has 8 to 80 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 60 carbon atoms. preferable.
- Examples of the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound include unsaturated hydrocarbons having 4 to 100 carbon atoms, polybutadiene having a carboxyl group, epoxidized polybutadiene, linoleyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, unsaturated fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid ester. .
- Suitable unsaturated fatty acids include crotonic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, stearidone
- acids arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, sardine acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
- an ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 8 to 30 carbon atoms and a monovalent to trivalent alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an unsaturated fatty acid having 8 to 30 carbon atoms and a trivalent alcohol are more preferable.
- esters with glycerin are especially preferred.
- Esters of unsaturated fatty acids having 8 to 30 carbon atoms and glycerin are commercially available as vegetable oils.
- Vegetable oils include non-drying oils with an iodine value of 100 or less, semi-drying oils with more than 100 and less than 130, or 130 or more drying oils.
- Non-drying oils include, for example, olive oil, Asa seed oil, cashew oil, potato oil, camellia oil, castor oil, and peanut oil.
- Examples of semi-drying oils include corn oil, cottonseed oil, and sesame oil.
- the drying oil include paulownia oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, walnut oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, camellia oil and coconut oil.
- a non-drying oil from the viewpoint of preventing gelation accompanying the progress of excessive reaction and improving the yield in the reaction of phenol or a derivative thereof or a phenol resin with a vegetable oil.
- a drying oil from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion, mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the resist pattern.
- tung oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, walnut oil and safflower oil are preferable, and tung oil and linseed oil are more preferable because the effects of the present invention can be more effectively and reliably exhibited.
- These unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compounds are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the phenol derivative and the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound are reacted to produce an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-modified phenol derivative.
- the reaction is preferably performed at 50 to 130 ° C.
- the reaction ratio between the phenol derivative and the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound is from 1 to 100 unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compounds with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol derivative.
- the amount is preferably part by mass, and more preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound is less than 1 part by mass, the flexibility of the cured film tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 100 parts by mass, the heat resistance of the cured film tends to decrease.
- p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or the like may be used as a catalyst.
- the phenol resin modified with the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound is produced by polycondensation of the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-modified phenol derivative produced by the above reaction with aldehydes.
- aldehydes those described above as the aldehydes used for obtaining the phenol resin can be used.
- the reaction between the aldehydes and the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-modified phenol derivative is a polycondensation reaction, and conventionally known synthesis conditions for phenol resins can be used.
- the reaction is preferably performed in the presence of a catalyst such as an acid or a base, and an acid catalyst is more preferably used.
- a catalyst such as an acid or a base
- an acid catalyst is more preferably used.
- the acid catalyst include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and oxalic acid. These acid catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above reaction is usually preferably carried out at a reaction temperature of 100 to 120 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the type and amount of the catalyst used, but is usually 1 to 50 hours.
- the reaction product is dehydrated under reduced pressure at a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower to obtain a phenol resin modified with the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound.
- a solvent such as toluene, xylene, or methanol can be used.
- a phenol resin modified with an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound can also be obtained by polycondensing the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-modified phenol derivative with an aldehyde together with a compound other than phenol such as m-xylene.
- the molar ratio of the compound other than phenol to the compound obtained by reacting the phenol derivative with the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound is preferably less than 0.5.
- the component (A2) can also be obtained by reacting the phenol resin of the component (A1) with an unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound to be reacted with the phenol resin can be the same as the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound described above.
- the reaction between the phenol resin and the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound is usually preferably carried out at 50 to 130 ° C.
- the reaction rate of a phenol resin and an unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing compound is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing compound 1 with respect to 100 mass parts of phenol resins from a viewpoint of improving the flexibility of a cured film (resist pattern). Is preferably 100 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 70 parts by mass, and even more preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compound is less than 1 part by mass, the flexibility of the cured film tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 100 parts by mass, the possibility of gelation during the reaction tends to increase, and curing The heat resistance of the film tends to decrease.
- p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or the like may be used as a catalyst.
- solvents such as toluene, xylene, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, can be used for reaction.
- Carboxy group is introduce
- the polybasic acid anhydride is not particularly limited as long as it has an acid anhydride group formed by dehydration condensation of a carboxy group of a polybasic acid having a plurality of carboxy groups.
- Examples of the polybasic acid anhydride include phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride, pentadodecenyl succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride
- Dibasic acid anhydrides such as methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, nadic anhydride, 3,6-endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylendomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride, biphenyltetra Carboxy
- the polybasic acid anhydride is preferably a dibasic acid anhydride, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and hexahydrophthalic anhydride. In this case, there is an advantage that a resist pattern having a better shape can be formed.
- the reaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group and the polybasic acid anhydride can be carried out at 50 to 130 ° C.
- the polybasic acid anhydride is preferably reacted in an amount of 0.1 to 0.8 mol, more preferably 0.15 to 0.6 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the phenolic hydroxyl group. More preferably, the reaction is carried out in an amount of 2 to 0.4 mol. If the polybasic acid anhydride is less than 0.1 mol, the developability tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 0.8 mol, the alkali resistance of the unexposed area tends to decrease.
- the catalyst include tertiary amines such as triethylamine, quaternary ammonium salts such as triethylbenzylammonium chloride, imidazole compounds such as 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, and phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine.
- the acid value of the phenol resin further modified with polybasic acid anhydride is preferably 30 to 200 mgKOH / g, more preferably 40 to 170 mgKOH / g, and still more preferably 50 to 150 mgKOH / g. .
- the acid value is less than 30 mgKOH / g, it tends to require a longer time for alkali development than when the acid value is in the above range, and when it exceeds 200 mgKOH / g, the acid value is in the above range. In comparison with the above, the developer resistance of the unexposed portion tends to be lowered.
- the molecular weight of the component (A1) is a weight average molecular weight in consideration of solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution and balance between photosensitive properties (sensitivity, resolution) and mechanical properties (elongation at break, elastic modulus and residual stress).
- the molecular weight of the modified phenolic resin (A2) having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group is preferably 1,000 to 500,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight in consideration of solubility in an alkaline aqueous solution and a balance between photosensitive properties and cured film properties. More preferably, it is 2,000 to 200,000, more preferably 2,000 to 100,000, and most preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is a value obtained by measuring by a gel permeation chromatography method and converting from a standard polystyrene calibration curve.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition is unsaturated as component (A) in terms of sensitivity and resolution when forming a resist pattern, and adhesion, mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the resist pattern after curing.
- component (A) unsaturated as component (A) in terms of sensitivity and resolution when forming a resist pattern, and adhesion, mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the resist pattern after curing.
- the ratio M A1 / M A2 to the mass M A2 is preferably 5/95 to 95/5, more preferably 10/90 to 90/10, and 15/85 to 85/15. It is particularly preferred.
- the alkali-soluble resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group may further contain a phenol resin that has been acid-modified by reacting with a polybasic acid anhydride.
- a phenol resin that has been acid-modified by reacting with a polybasic acid anhydride By containing the phenol resin in which the component (A) is acid-modified with a polybasic acid anhydride, the solubility of the component (A) in the alkaline aqueous solution (developer) is further improved.
- polybasic acid anhydride examples include phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, octenyl succinic anhydride, pentadodecenyl succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and methyltetrahydroanhydride.
- Dibasic acid anhydrides such as phthalic acid, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, nadic anhydride, 3,6-endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylendomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, Biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, benzophenone Aliphatic such Rakarubon dianhydride, an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and the like.
- the polybasic acid anhydride is preferably a dibasic acid anhydride.
- the polybasic acid anhydride is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and hexahydrophthalic anhydride. preferable.
- the above reaction can be carried out at 50 to 130 ° C.
- the polybasic acid anhydride is preferably reacted in an amount of 0.10 to 0.80 mol, more preferably 0.15 to 0.60 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the phenolic hydroxyl group. It is particularly preferable to react 20 to 0.40 mol.
- the catalyst include tertiary amines such as triethylamine, quaternary ammonium salts such as triethylbenzylammonium chloride, imidazole compounds such as 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, and phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine.
- ⁇ (B) component The compound which produces
- a component (B) has a function of generating an acid by light irradiation and increasing the solubility of the irradiated portion in an alkaline aqueous solution.
- a compound generally called a photoacid generator can be used as the component (B).
- Specific examples of the component (B) include o-quinonediazide compounds, aryldiazonium salts, diaryliodonium salts, triarylsulfonium salts and the like. Of these, o-quinonediazide compounds are preferred because of their high sensitivity.
- o-quinonediazide compound for example, a compound obtained by a condensation reaction of o-quinonediazidesulfonyl chloride with a hydroxy compound or an amino compound in the presence of a dehydrochlorinating agent can be used.
- o-quinonediazidesulfonyl chloride used in the reaction examples include benzoquinone-1,2-diazide-4-sulfonyl chloride, naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl chloride, and naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-4- A sulfonyl chloride is mentioned.
- hydroxy compound used in the reaction examples include hydroquinone, resorcinol, pyrogallol, bisphenol A, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1- [4- ⁇ 1- ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-methylethyl ⁇ phenyl] ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,3,4,4′-tetra Hydroxybenzophenone, 2,2 ', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,3,4,2', 3'-pentahydroxybenzophenone, 2,3,4,3 ', 4', 5'-hexahydroxy Benzophenone, bis (2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl) methane, bis (2,3,4-tone) Hydroxyphenyl) propane, 4b, 5,9b, 10-tetrahydro-1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy
- amino compounds used in the reaction include p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, and 4,4 ′.
- -Diaminodiphenyl sulfide o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl, Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) Sulfone, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphene Le) hexafluoropropane, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane and the like.
- Examples of the dehydrochlorinating agent used in the reaction include sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like.
- As the reaction solvent dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like are used.
- o-Quinonediazidesulfonyl chloride and hydroxy compound and / or amino compound are blended so that the total number of moles of hydroxy group and amino group is 0.5 to 1 per mole of o-quinonediazidesulfonyl chloride. It is preferred that A preferred blending ratio of the dehydrochlorinating agent and o-quinonediazidesulfonyl chloride is in the range of 0.95 / 1 molar equivalent to 1 / 0.95 molar equivalent.
- the preferred reaction temperature for the above reaction is 0 to 40 ° C., and the preferred reaction time is 1 to 10 hours.
- the blending amount of the component (B) is preferably 3 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the component (A) in view of the difference in dissolution rate between the exposed and unexposed parts and the allowable sensitivity range. More preferred is part by mass, and particularly preferred is 5 to 30 parts by mass.
- component (C) By containing the thermal crosslinking agent as component (C), when the photosensitive resin film after pattern formation is heated and cured, component (C) reacts with component (A) to form a bridge structure. Is done. As a result, curing at a low temperature is possible, and brittleness of the film and melting of the film can be prevented.
- component (C) specifically, a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group, a compound having a hydroxymethylamino group, or a compound having an epoxy group can be preferably used.
- the “compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group” as used herein does not include (A) an alkali-soluble resin having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group as a thermal crosslinking agent can increase the dissolution rate of the exposed area when developing with an alkaline aqueous solution as well as the thermal crosslinking agent, and improve the sensitivity.
- the molecular weight of such a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group is preferably 2000 or less. Considering the solubility in an aqueous alkali solution and the balance between the photosensitive properties and the mechanical properties, the number average molecular weight is preferably 94 to 2000, more preferably 108 to 2000, and particularly preferably 108 to 1500.
- the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group a conventionally known compound can be used, but the compound represented by the following general formula (5) is effective in promoting the dissolution of the exposed portion and melting during curing of the photosensitive resin film. This is particularly preferable because of the excellent balance of the effects to be prevented.
- Z represents a single bond or a divalent organic group
- R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- s and t Each independently represents an integer of 1 to 3
- u and v each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- the compound in which Z is a single bond is a biphenol (dihydroxybiphenyl) derivative.
- the divalent organic group represented by Z include an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, an ethylene group and a propylene group, an alkylidene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as an ethylidene group, Arylene groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms such as phenylene groups, groups in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of these hydrocarbon groups are substituted with halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, sulfonyl groups, carbonyl groups, ether bonds, thioether bonds, An amide bond etc.
- Z is preferably a divalent organic group represented by the following general formula (6).
- X represents a single bond, an alkylene group (for example, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), an alkylidene group (for example, an alkylidene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms), a hydrogen atom thereof, A group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, a thioether bond or an amide bond, which is partially or entirely substituted with a halogen atom.
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group or a haloalkyl group, and g represents an integer of 1 to 10. A plurality of R 12 may be the same or different from each other.
- Examples of the compound having a hydroxymethylamino group include (poly) (N-hydroxymethyl) melamine, (poly) (N-hydroxymethyl) glycoluril, (poly) (N-hydroxymethyl) benzoguanamine, (poly) (N— And nitrogen-containing compounds obtained by alkylating all or part of methylol groups such as hydroxymethyl) urea.
- the alkyl group of the alkyl ether includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, or a mixture thereof, and may contain an oligomer component that is partially self-condensed.
- hexakis (methoxymethyl) melamine hexakis (butoxymethyl) melamine
- tetrakis methoxymethyl glycoluril
- tetrakis butoxymethyl glycoluril
- tetrakis butoxymethyl glycoluril
- tetrakis methoxymethyl urea
- a conventionally known compound can be used as the compound having an epoxy group.
- Specific examples thereof include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, glycidyl amine, heterocyclic epoxy resin, polyalkylene glycol diglycidyl ether. Can be mentioned.
- hydroxymethyl such as bis [3,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) phenyl] ether and 1,3,5-tris (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) benzene
- Aromatic compounds having a group compounds having a maleimide group such as bis (4-maleimidophenyl) methane and 2,2-bis [4- (4′-maleimidophenoxy) phenyl] propane, compounds having a norbornene skeleton, polyfunctional
- An acrylate compound, a compound having an oxetanyl group, a compound having a vinyl group, or a blocked isocyanate compound can be used.
- a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a compound having a hydroxymethylamino group are preferable, and from the viewpoint of improving the resolution and elongation of the coating film, A compound having a hydroxymethylamino group is more preferable, a compound having an alkoxymethylamino group in which all or part of the hydroxymethylamino group is alkyletherified is particularly preferable, and an alkoxymethylamino in which all of the hydroxymethylamino group is alkyletherified Most preferred is a compound having a group.
- R 21 to R 26 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the blending amount of the component (C) is preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the component (A) from the viewpoints of development time, allowable width of the unexposed part remaining film ratio, and characteristics of the cured film. 2 to 30 parts by mass is more preferable, and 3 to 25 parts by mass is particularly preferable. Moreover, the thermal crosslinking agent mentioned above is used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- ⁇ (D) component By containing the acrylic resin as component (D), the thermal shock resistance can be improved while maintaining good photosensitive properties.
- the acrylic resin is preferably an acrylic resin having one or more structural units represented by the following general formulas (1) to (3).
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. Represents a monovalent organic group having
- the thermal shock resistance is maintained while maintaining good photosensitive characteristics. From the viewpoint of further improving the compatibility with the component (A), the adhesion of the resist pattern to the substrate, the mechanical properties, and the thermal shock resistance, it is represented by the above general formula (1). It is more preferable to contain the acrylic resin which has a structural unit represented by the structural unit represented by said structural unit represented by said (2) and following General formula (3).
- a component may consist only of 1 type of the said acrylic resin, and may contain 2 or more types.
- R 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of improving sensitivity, resolution, and thermal shock, and an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms.
- a group (n-butyl group) is more preferred.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer that gives the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester include compounds represented by the following general formula (7).
- CH 2 C (R 1 ) -COOR 2 (7)
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 2 include butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, Examples include tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, nonadecyl group, eicosyl group, and structural isomers thereof.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (V) include (meth) acrylic acid butyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid pentyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid hexyl ester, and (meth) acrylic acid heptyl.
- examples of the polymerizable monomer that gives the structural unit represented by the general formula (2) include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer that gives the structural unit represented by the general formula (3) include aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N-methylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth).
- R 3 is a monovalent represented by the following general formula (8). Particularly preferred is an organic group.
- Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 13 to R 17 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- n represents 0 to 10 carbon atoms. Is an integer
- examples of the polymerizable monomer that gives a structural unit in which R 3 is a monovalent organic group represented by the general formula (8) include piperidin-4-yl (meta ) Acrylate, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl (meth) acrylate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl (meth) acrylate, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine- Examples include 4-yl (meth) acrylate, (piperidin-4-yl) methyl (meth) acrylate, and 2- (piperidin-4-yl) ethyl (meth) acrylate.
- 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl methacrylate is FA-711MM
- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl methacrylate is FA-712HM.
- Each of them is commercially available as Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the composition ratio of the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 50 to 95 mol% with respect to the total amount of the component (D), It is more preferably 90 mol%, particularly preferably 70 to 85 mol%.
- the compositional ratio of the structural unit represented by the general formula (1) is 50 to 95 mol%, the thermal shock resistance of the cured film of the positive photosensitive resin composition can be further improved.
- the composition ratio of the structural unit represented by the general formula (2) is preferably 5 to 35 mol% with respect to the total amount of the component (D). It is more preferably 10 to 30 mol%, particularly preferably 15 to 25 mol%.
- the composition ratio of the structural unit represented by the general formula (2) is 5 to 35 mol%, the compatibility with the component (A) and the developability of the positive photosensitive resin composition are further improved. be able to.
- the above general formulas (1) and (2 It is more preferable to have a structural unit represented by the above general formula (3).
- (D) By making the structural unit of an acrylic resin into said combination, interaction with (D) acrylic resin and (A) alkali-soluble resin which has a phenolic hydroxyl group becomes favorable, and compatibility improves more.
- the composition ratio in the case of having the structural unit represented by the general formula (3) is 0.3 to 10 mol% with respect to the total amount of the component (D). Is preferable, 0.4 to 6 mol% is more preferable, and 0.5 to 5 mol% is particularly preferable.
- the (D) acrylic resin preferably has a structural unit represented by the following general formula (9) from the viewpoint of further improving sensitivity.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- A represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 18 to R 22 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- M is an integer from 1 to 100]
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer that gives the structural unit represented by the general formula (9) include methacryl-modified silicone oil, such as X-22-174DX, X-22-2426, X-22-2475 (whichever Are also commercially available as Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the composition ratio in the case of having the structural unit represented by the general formula (9) is preferably 1 to 10 mol% with respect to the total amount of the component (D).
- the content is more preferably 2 to 5 mol%, particularly preferably 3 to 5 mol%.
- the acrylic resin (D) of the present invention is other than the polymerizable monomer that gives the structural unit represented by the general formula (1), the general formula (2), the general formula (3), and the general formula (9). It is also possible to synthesize by adding the polymerizable monomer.
- polymerizable monomers examples include, for example, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, (meth) acrylic acid benzyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid 4-methylbenzyl ester, and (meth) acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl.
- esters vinyl alcohol esters such as (meth) acrylic acid 2-hydroxypropyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid 3-hydroxypropyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid 4-hydroxybutyl ester, acrylonitrile, vinyl-n-butyl ether, (Meth) acrylic acid tetrahydrofurfuryl ester, (meth) acrylic acid glycidyl ester, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth) acrylate, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl (meth) acrylate, (meta Acrylic acid, ⁇ -bromo (Meth) acrylic acid, ⁇ -chloro (meth) acrylic acid, ⁇ -furyl (meth) acrylic acid, ⁇ -styryl (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, monomethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, malein And maleic acid monoesters such as monoisopropyl acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid
- the weight average molecular weight of the component (D) is preferably 2,000 to 100,000, more preferably 3,000 to 60,000, and particularly preferably 5,000 to 50,000. Most preferably, it is 10,000 to 40,000. If the weight average molecular weight is less than 2,000, the thermal shock resistance of the cured film tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 100,000, the compatibility with the component (A) and the developability tend to decrease.
- Component (D) is preferably blended in an amount of 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of component (A), from the viewpoints of adhesion, mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance, and photosensitive properties. Part is more preferable, and 5 to 20 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition preferably further includes (E) a compound that generates an acid by heat.
- the melt of the pattern can be suppressed. This is because it becomes possible to generate an acid when the photosensitive resin film after development is heated, and the reaction between the component (A) and the component (C), that is, the thermal crosslinking reaction starts from a lower temperature. The heat resistance of the film is improved, and the melt of the pattern is suppressed.
- the use of such compounds can increase the solubility of an exposed portion in an aqueous alkaline solution. Therefore, the difference in solubility in the alkaline aqueous solution between the unexposed area and the exposed area is further increased, and the resolution is improved.
- a compound different from the component (B) is used as the component (E).
- the compound that generates an acid by such heat is preferably a compound that generates an acid by heating to a temperature of 50 to 250 ° C. (more preferably 50 to 200 ° C.).
- Specific examples of the compound that generates an acid by heat include a strong acid and a base such as an onium salt that is different from the compound that generates an acid by the light of the component (B) and has a function of generating an acid by heat. And salts formed from imide sulfonate.
- onium salts include diaryliodonium salts such as aryldiazonium salts and diphenyliodonium salts; di (alkylaryl) iodonium salts such as di (t-butylphenyl) iodonium salts; trialkylsulfonium salts such as trimethylsulfonium salts; Examples include dialkyl monoaryl sulfonium salts such as dimethylphenylsulfonium salt; diaryl monoalkyl iodonium salts such as diphenylmethylsulfonium salt; and triarylsulfonium salts.
- di (t-butylphenyl) iodonium salt of paratoluenesulfonic acid di (t-butylphenyl) iodonium salt of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trimethylsulfonium salt of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, dimethyl of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Phenylsulfonium salt, diphenylmethylsulfonium salt of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, di (t-butylphenyl) iodonium salt of nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid, diphenyliodonium salt of camphorsulfonic acid, diphenyliodonium salt of ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid Dimethylphenylsulfonium salt and diphenylmethylsulfonium salt of toluenesulfonic acid are preferred.
- a sulfonium salt represented by the following general formula (1) is more preferred, a trialkylsulfonium salt of methanesulfonic acid is more preferred, and a trimethylsulfonium salt is particularly preferred.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represents an alkyl group or an aryl group, and R 7 represents hydrogen or fluorine.
- the aryl group is preferably a phenyl group or a phenyl group having a substituent.
- the salt formed from a strong acid and a base in addition to the onium salt described above, the following salt formed from a strong acid and a base, such as a pyridinium salt, can also be used.
- Strong acids include p-toluenesulfonic acid, arylsulfonic acid such as benzenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid such as nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid And alkylsulfonic acids such as butanesulfonic acid.
- the base include pyridine, alkylpyridines such as 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, N-alkylpyridines such as 2-chloro-N-methylpyridine, and halogenated-N-alkylpyridines.
- imide sulfonate for example, naphthoyl imide sulfonate and phthalimide sulfonate can be used.
- R 23 is, for example, a cyano group
- R 24 is, for example, a methoxyphenyl group or a phenyl group
- R 25 is, for example, an aryl group such as p-methylphenyl group or phenyl group, an alkyl group such as methyl group, ethyl group or isopropyl group, or a perfluoroalkyl group such as trifluoromethyl group or nonafluorobutyl group. is there.
- R 26 is, for example, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group, an aryl group such as a methylphenyl group or a phenyl group, a perfluoroalkyl such as a trifluoromethyl group or nonafluorobutyl. It is a group.
- Examples of the group bonded to the N atom of the sulfonamide structure represented by the general formula (11) include 2,2′-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane and 2,2′-bis (4-hydroxy). Phenyl) propane and di (4-hydroxyphenyl) ether.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 0.15 to 20 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of component (A), 0.2 Is more preferably from 20 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, and most preferably from 0.5 to 10 parts by weight.
- an elastomer can be used in combination.
- the obtained resist pattern becomes further excellent in terms of flexibility, and the mechanical characteristics and thermal shock resistance of the resist pattern can be further improved.
- a conventionally known elastomer can be used as the elastomer, but the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer constituting the elastomer is preferably 20 ° C. or lower.
- elastomers examples include styrene elastomers, olefin elastomers, urethane elastomers, polyester elastomers, polyamide elastomers, and silicone elastomers.
- the elastomer may be a fine particle elastomer. These elastomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a solvent can be used for the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention has an effect of facilitating application on the substrate and forming a coating film having a uniform thickness.
- the solvent include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, benzyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, ethoxyethyl propionate, 3-methylmethoxypropionate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N , N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylphosphorylamide, tetramethylene sulfone, diethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, cyclohexanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol Examples
- the content in the case of using a solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably adjusted so that the proportion of the solvent in the positive photosensitive resin composition is 20 to 90% by mass.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition described above contains components such as a dissolution accelerator, a dissolution inhibitor, a coupling agent, and a surfactant or leveling agent. May be.
- Dissolution promoter By blending the dissolution accelerator in the positive photosensitive resin composition described above, the dissolution rate of the exposed area when developing with an alkaline aqueous solution can be increased, and the sensitivity and resolution can be improved.
- a conventionally well-known thing can be used as a dissolution promoter. Specific examples thereof include compounds having a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid, and a sulfonamide group.
- the blending amount in the case of using such a dissolution accelerator can be determined by the dissolution rate in the alkaline aqueous solution, and can be, for example, 0.01 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (A). .
- a dissolution inhibitor is a compound that inhibits the solubility of the component (A) in an alkaline aqueous solution, and is used to control the remaining film thickness, development time, and contrast. Specific examples thereof include diphenyliodonium nitrate, bis (p-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium nitrate, diphenyliodonium bromide, diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium iodide and the like.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of component (A), from the viewpoints of sensitivity and an allowable range of development time. More preferred is 0.05 to 10 parts by mass.
- Coupler By mix
- the coupling agent include organic silane compounds and aluminum chelate compounds.
- organic silane compound examples include vinyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ureapropyltriethoxysilane, methylphenylsilanediol, ethylphenylsilanediol, n- Propylphenylsilanediol, isopropylphenylsilanediol, n-butylsiphenylsilanediol, isobutylphenylsilanediol, tert-butylphenylsilanediol, diphenylsilanediol, ethylmethylphenylsilanol, n-propylmethylphenylsilanol, isopropylmethylphenylsilanol , N-butylmethylphenylsilanol
- the amount of the coupling agent used is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (A).
- surfactant or leveling agent By blending a surfactant or a leveling agent into the above-mentioned positive photosensitive resin composition, coating properties such as striation (film thickness unevenness) can be prevented and developability can be improved.
- a surfactant or leveling agent include polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, and polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether.
- the total amount is preferably 0.001 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A).
- the positive photosensitive resin composition described above can be developed using an aqueous alkali solution such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). Furthermore, by using the above-mentioned positive photosensitive resin composition, it becomes possible to form a resist pattern having good adhesion and thermal shock resistance with sufficiently high sensitivity and resolution.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- the method for producing a resist pattern of the present invention comprises a step of exposing a photosensitive resin film comprising the above-described positive photosensitive resin composition, and a step of patterning the exposed photosensitive resin film by developing with an aqueous alkali solution. Heating the patterned photosensitive resin film.
- a photosensitive resin film comprising the above-described positive photosensitive resin composition
- a step of patterning the exposed photosensitive resin film by developing with an aqueous alkali solution. Heating the patterned photosensitive resin film.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition described above is applied onto a support substrate and dried to form a photosensitive resin film.
- the above-mentioned positive photosensitive resin composition is used on a glass substrate, a semiconductor, a metal oxide insulator (for example, TiO 2 , SiO 2, etc.), silicon nitride or the like using a spinner or the like. And spin coat to form a coating film.
- the support substrate on which the coating film has been formed is dried using a hot plate, oven, or the like. Thereby, a photosensitive resin film is formed on the support substrate.
- the photosensitive resin film formed on the support substrate is irradiated with actinic rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible rays, and radiations through a mask.
- actinic rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible rays, and radiations through a mask.
- the component (A) is highly transparent to i-line, so i-line irradiation can be suitably used.
- post-exposure heating PEB
- the post-exposure heating temperature is preferably 70 to 140 ° C.
- the post-exposure heating time is preferably 1 to 5 minutes.
- the photosensitive resin film is patterned by removing the exposed portion of the photosensitive resin film after the exposure process with a developer.
- a developer for example, an alkaline aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate, ammonia, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is preferably used.
- the base concentration of these aqueous solutions is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- alcohols and surfactants can be added to the developer and used. Each of these can be blended in an amount of preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the developer.
- the patterned photosensitive resin film is subjected to heat treatment, whereby a resist pattern made of the photosensitive resin film after heating can be formed.
- the heating temperature in the heat treatment step is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 225 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 140 to 200 ° C. from the viewpoint of sufficiently preventing damage to the electronic device due to heat.
- the heat treatment can be performed, for example, using an oven such as a quartz tube furnace, a hot plate, rapid thermal annealing, a vertical diffusion furnace, an infrared curing furnace, an electron beam curing furnace, and a microwave curing furnace.
- an oven such as a quartz tube furnace, a hot plate, rapid thermal annealing, a vertical diffusion furnace, an infrared curing furnace, an electron beam curing furnace, and a microwave curing furnace.
- air or an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen can be selected.
- it is preferable to perform the process under nitrogen because the oxidation of the pattern can be prevented.
- the above-mentioned desirable heating temperature range is lower than the conventional heating temperature, damage to the support substrate and the electronic device can be suppressed to a small level. Therefore, by using the resist pattern manufacturing method of the present invention, electronic devices can be manufactured with high yield. It also leads to energy savings in the process.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention since the volume shrinkage (curing shrinkage)
- the heat treatment time in the heat treatment step may be a time sufficient for the positive photosensitive resin composition to be cured, but is preferably about 5 hours or less in view of work efficiency.
- the heat treatment can also be performed using a microwave curing device or a frequency variable microwave curing device in addition to the above-described oven.
- a microwave curing device or a frequency variable microwave curing device in addition to the above-described oven.
- the microwave is irradiated in a pulse shape while changing its frequency, it is preferable in that standing waves can be prevented and the substrate surface can be heated uniformly.
- metal wiring is included as an electronic component to be described later as a substrate, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of electric discharge from the metal by irradiating microwaves in a pulsed manner while changing the frequency. Since it can protect, it is preferable.
- it is preferable to heat using a frequency-variable microwave because the cured film properties do not deteriorate even when the curing temperature is lowered as compared with the case of using an oven (J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 18, 327-332 (2005). )reference).
- the frequency of the frequency variable microwave is in the range of 0.5 to 20 GHz, but is practically preferably in the range of 1 to 10 GHz, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 9 GHz.
- the output of the microwave to be irradiated varies depending on the size of the apparatus and the amount of the object to be heated, but is generally in the range of 10 to 2000 W, practically more preferably 100 to 1000 W, particularly preferably 100 to 700 W, particularly preferably 100 to 500 W is most preferred. If the output is 10 W or less, it is difficult to heat the object to be heated in a short time, and if it is 2000 W or more, a rapid temperature rise tends to occur.
- the microwave it is preferable to irradiate the microwave by turning it on / off in a pulsed manner.
- the set heating temperature can be maintained and damage to the cured film and the substrate can be avoided.
- the time for irradiating the pulsed microwave at one time varies depending on the conditions, it is preferably about 10 seconds or less.
- a resist pattern having good heat resistance can be obtained with sufficiently high sensitivity and resolution.
- FIG. 1 to 5 are schematic sectional views showing an embodiment of a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device having a multilayer wiring structure.
- the structure 100 shown in FIG. 1 is prepared.
- the structure 100 includes a semiconductor substrate 1 such as an Si substrate having circuit elements, a protective film 2 such as a silicon oxide film covering the semiconductor substrate 1 having a predetermined pattern from which the circuit elements are exposed, and on the exposed circuit elements.
- the interlayer insulating film 4 made of a polyimide resin or the like formed on the protective film 2 and the first conductor layer 3 by a spin coating method or the like.
- the photosensitive resin layer 5 is formed, for example, by applying a photosensitive resin such as chlorinated rubber, phenol novolac, polyhydroxystyrene, or polyacrylate ester by a spin coating method.
- the window portion 6A is formed so that a predetermined portion of the interlayer insulating film 4 is exposed by a known photolithography technique.
- the photosensitive resin layer 5 is removed to obtain the structure 300 shown in FIG.
- dry etching means using a gas such as oxygen or carbon tetrafluoride can be used.
- the portion of the interlayer insulating film 4 corresponding to the window portion 6A is selectively removed, and the interlayer insulating film 4 provided with the window portion 6B so that the first conductor layer 3 is exposed is obtained.
- the photosensitive resin layer 5 is removed using an etching solution that corrodes only the photosensitive resin layer 5 without corroding the first conductor layer 3 exposed from the window 6B.
- the second conductor layer 7 is formed in the portion corresponding to the window portion 6B, and the structure 400 shown in FIG. 4 is obtained.
- a known photolithography technique can be used to form the second conductor layer 7. As a result, the second conductor layer 7 and the first conductor layer 3 are electrically connected.
- the surface protective layer 8 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 4 and the second conductor layer 7 to obtain the semiconductor device 500 shown in FIG.
- the surface protective layer 8 is formed as follows. First, the positive photosensitive resin composition according to the above-described embodiment is applied onto the interlayer insulating film 4 and the second conductor layer 7 by spin coating, and dried to form a photosensitive resin film. Next, after light irradiation through a mask having a pattern corresponding to the window 6C on a predetermined portion, the photosensitive resin film is patterned by developing with an alkaline aqueous solution. Thereafter, the photosensitive resin curtain is cured by heating to form a film as the surface protective layer 8. The surface protective layer 8 protects the first conductor layer 3 and the second conductor layer 7 from external stress, ⁇ rays, etc., and the obtained semiconductor device 500 is excellent in reliability.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having a two-layer wiring structure is shown.
- the above steps are repeated to form each layer.
- the surface protective layer 8 not only the surface protective layer 8 but also the interlayer insulating film 4 can be formed by using the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention.
- the electronic component of the present invention has a resist pattern formed by the above-described manufacturing method as an interlayer insulating film or a surface protective layer.
- the resist pattern can be used as a surface protective layer or an interlayer insulating film of a semiconductor device, an interlayer insulating film of a multilayer wiring board, or the like.
- the electronic component of the present invention is not particularly limited except that it has a surface protective layer and an interlayer insulating film formed using the above-described positive photosensitive resin composition, and can have various structures.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition described above is excellent in stress relaxation property, adhesiveness and the like, it can also be used as various structural materials in packages having various structures developed in recent years. 6 and 7 show a cross-sectional structure of an example of such a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a wiring structure as one embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device 600 shown in FIG. 6 includes a silicon chip 23, an interlayer insulating film 11 provided on one surface side of the silicon chip 23, and an Al having a pattern including the pad portion 15 formed on the interlayer insulating film 11.
- a wiring layer 12, an insulating layer 13 (for example, a P-SiN layer) and a surface protective layer 14 sequentially stacked on the interlayer insulating film 11 and the Al wiring layer 12 while forming an opening on the pad portion 15, and a surface protective layer 14 in contact with the pad portion 15 in the openings of the insulating layer 13 and the surface protective layer 14 and the surface of the core 18 opposite to the surface protective layer 14.
- the semiconductor device 600 is formed so as to cover the surface protective layer 14, the core 18, and the rewiring layer 16, and a cover coat layer 19 in which an opening is formed in a portion of the rewiring layer 16 on the core 18.
- the conductive ball 17 connected to the rewiring layer 16 with the barrier metal 20 interposed therebetween in the opening of the layer 19, the collar 21 that holds the conductive ball, and the cover coat layer 19 around the conductive ball 17 are provided.
- the underfill 22 is provided.
- the conductive ball 17 is used as an external connection terminal and is formed of solder, gold or the like.
- the underfill 22 is provided to relieve stress when the semiconductor device 600 is mounted.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a wiring structure as one embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- an Al wiring layer (not shown) and a pad portion 15 of the Al wiring layer are formed on the silicon chip 23, and an insulating layer 13 is formed on the Al wiring layer.
- a surface protective layer 14 is formed.
- a rewiring layer 16 is formed on the pad portion 15, and the rewiring layer 16 extends to an upper portion of the connection portion 24 with the conductive ball 17. Further, a cover coat layer 19 is formed on the surface protective layer 14. The rewiring layer 16 is connected to the conductive ball 17 through the barrier metal 20.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition described above includes not only the interlayer insulating layer 11 and the surface protective layer 14 but also the cover coat layer 19, the core 18, the collar 21, the underfill 22, and the like. It can be used as a material for forming.
- the cured body using the positive photosensitive resin composition described above is excellent in adhesion with a metal layer such as the Al wiring layer 12 and the rewiring layer 16 and a sealing agent, and has a high stress relaxation effect.
- a semiconductor device in which the body is used for the surface protective layer 14, the cover coat layer 19, the core 18, the collar 21 such as solder, the underfill 12 used in a flip chip or the like has extremely high reliability.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention is particularly preferably used for the surface protective layer 14 and / or the cover coat layer 19 of the semiconductor device having the rewiring layer 16 in FIGS.
- the film thickness of the surface protective layer or the cover coat layer is preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the heating temperature is preferably 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention has a small volume shrinkage (curing shrinkage) in the heat treatment step found in photosensitive polyimide and the like, it can prevent a decrease in dimensional accuracy.
- the cured film of the positive photosensitive resin composition has a high glass transition temperature. Accordingly, the surface protective layer or cover coat layer is excellent in heat resistance. As a result, an electronic component such as a semiconductor device having excellent reliability can be obtained with high yield and high yield.
- Example 1 to 12 Comparative Examples 1 to 3
- the materials used in Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown below.
- Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of a phenol resin modified with a compound having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 100 carbon atoms. 100 parts by weight of phenol, 43 parts by weight of linseed oil and 0.1 part by weight of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid were mixed. The mixture was stirred at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a vegetable oil-modified phenol derivative (a). Next, 130 g of the vegetable oil-modified phenol derivative (a), 16.3 g of paraformaldehyde and 1.0 g of oxalic acid were mixed and stirred at 90 ° C. for 3 hours.
- C1 Hexakis (methoxymethyl) melamine (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Nicalak MW-30HM”, compound represented by the following structural formula)
- C2 1,1-bis ⁇ 3,5-bis (methoxymethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl ⁇ methane (manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name “TMOM-pp-BPF”, compound represented by the following structural formula)
- C3 N, N ′, N ′′, N ′ ′′-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) glycoluril (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Nicalak MX-270”, compound represented by the following structural formula)
- a polymerization reaction was carried out while maintaining the same temperature for 14 hours to obtain an acrylic resin D1.
- the polymerization rate at this time was 98%.
- required by standard polystyrene conversion of GPC method of this A3 was about 36,000.
- Synthesis Examples 3 to 5 Synthesis of acrylic resins D2 to D4
- Acrylic resins D2 to D4 were synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 except that the polymerizable monomers shown in Table 1 were used.
- Table 1 shows the weight average molecular weights of the synthesized acrylic resins D2 to D4.
- FA-711MM 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl methacrylate (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- FA-712HM 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl methacrylate (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- BA n-butyl acrylate
- DDA lauryl acrylate
- AA acrylic acid
- X-22-2475 methacrylic modified silicone oil (functional group equivalent: 420 g / mol, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., represented by the following structural formula Compound)
- Y represents a divalent organic group
- R represents a monovalent organic group
- m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were spin coated on a silicon substrate and heated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of about 12 to 14 ⁇ m. Formed. Thereafter, the coating film was exposed at all wavelengths through a mask using a proximity exposure machine (trade name “PLA-600FA” manufactured by Canon Inc.). After exposure, development was performed using a 2.38% aqueous solution of TMAH to obtain a 10 mm wide rectangular pattern. Thereafter, the rectangular pattern was heat-treated (cured) by the following method (i) or (ii) to obtain a cured film having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m.
- a vertical diffusion furnace (trade name “ ⁇ -TF” manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd.), the coating film was heat-treated in nitrogen at a temperature of 175 ° C. (heating time: 1.5 hours) for 2 hours.
- a frequency variable type microwave curing furnace (trade name “Microcure 2100” manufactured by Lambda Technology Co., Ltd.), microwave output 450 W, microwave frequency 5.9 to 7.0 GHz, temperature 165 ° C. (temperature rising time 5 minutes) ) For 2 hours.
- the elongation at break (EL) and elastic modulus (YM) of the cured film were measured by “Autograph AGS-H100N” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- the sample width was 10 mm
- the film thickness was 9 to 11 ⁇ m
- the gap between chucks was 20 mm.
- the pulling speed was 5 mm / min
- the measurement temperature was about room temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.).
- the average of the measured values of five or more test pieces obtained from the cured film obtained under the same conditions was defined as “breaking elongation (EL)” and “elastic modulus (YM)”.
- the measured Tg, EL and YM are shown in Table 3. Tg is preferably high, the elongation at break is preferably large, and the elastic modulus is preferably small.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were spin-coated on a 5-inch silicon substrate and heated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of about 11 ⁇ m. Formed.
- the coating film on the substrate was cured by the method (i) or (ii).
- the residual stress of the cured substrate was measured with a stress measuring device (FLX-2320 type) manufactured by Tencor. The measurement temperature is 23 ° C. The results are shown in Table 3. The smaller the residual stress, the better.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were spin coated on a low resistance silicon substrate and heated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of about 11 ⁇ m. Formed.
- the coating film on the substrate was cured by the method (i) or (ii).
- an aluminum electrode having a diameter of 2 mm was formed on the cured film using a vacuum evaporation apparatus.
- the charge capacity between the aluminum electrode and the silicon substrate was measured using a measuring device in which a dielectric fixture Yokogawa Electric test fixture HP16451 was connected to the LF impedance analyzer HP4192A manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation.
- the measurement environment was room temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.), the humidity was 40% to 50% RH, the measurement frequency was 10 kHz, and the bias voltage was ⁇ 35V.
- the relative dielectric constant of the cured film was determined from the measured charge capacity value of the electrode and the film thickness value near the electrode. The results are shown in Table 3. The smaller the relative dielectric constant, the better.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were spin-coated on the substrate on which the rewiring was formed, heated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes, and a film thickness of about 20 ⁇ m. A coating film was formed. This coating film was exposed (800 mJ / cm 2 ) at all wavelengths through a mask using a proximity exposure machine (trade name “PLA-600FA” manufactured by Canon Inc.). After the exposure, development was performed with a 2.38% aqueous solution of TMAH, and this coating film in which a via hole of 200 ⁇ m square was formed was cured by the method (i) or (ii) described above to obtain a cover coat film.
- test parts were mounted and sealed to obtain test samples.
- a test sample was subjected to a temperature cycle test ( ⁇ 55 ° C. to 125 ° C., 2000 cycles), visually observed for defects such as cracks and peeling, and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Defects such as cracks and peeling after 1000 cycles
- the sensitivity of the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 12 is sufficiently high.
- the cured films formed from the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 12 all exhibited a low shrinkage of 15% or less.
- the positive type photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 12 exhibited good Tg and elongation at break even when cured at 175 ° C.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of Example 1 when the microwave curing (curing condition ii) is performed at 165 ° C., the Tg and the fracture are almost the same as those when the thermosetting (curing condition i) is performed at 175 ° C. Elongation was shown, confirming that further low-temperature curing was possible.
- the elastic modulus of the cured films of the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 12 was a low elastic modulus of 2.5 GPa or less.
- the residual stress of the substrate on which the cured film is formed tends to be low.
- the residual stress of the substrates on which the cured films of the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 12 were formed was as low as 25 MPa or less.
- the cured films of the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 12 are excellent in adhesion to copper (450 kgf / cm 2 or more). Furthermore, since the thermal shock resistance is also high, defects such as cracks and peeling did not occur in the test sample after the temperature cycle test.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 that did not contain the component (D) had high resolution but low sensitivity of 500 mJ / cm 2 or more. Further, the positive photosensitive resin composition of Comparative Example 1 had a cured film having a low elongation at break of 1% and was brittle, so Tg could not be measured.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 using polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) which is an alkali-soluble resin having no phenolic hydroxyl group as the component (A) have low sensitivity, resolution and adhesion. It was.
- A1 and A3 were prepared as alkali-soluble resins having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- A3 Phenol resin modified with a compound having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 100 carbon atoms obtained in Synthesis Example 1
- B1 was prepared as a compound that generates an acid by light.
- B1 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1- [4- ⁇ 1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-methylethyl ⁇ phenyl] ethane 1-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-5-sulfonic acid Esters (Esterification rate of about 90%, manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials, trade name “TPPA528”)
- C1 to C3 were prepared as thermal crosslinking agents.
- C1 Hexakis (methoxymethyl) melamine (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Nicalak MW-30HM”) was prepared.
- C2 1,1-bis ⁇ 3,5-bis (methoxymethyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl ⁇ methane (manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name “TMOM-pp-BPF”)
- C3 N, N ′, N ′′, N ′ ′′-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) glycoluril (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Nicalak MX-270”)
- D1 and D3 were prepared as acrylic resins.
- D1 Acrylic resin D1 obtained in Synthesis Example 2
- D3 Acrylic resin D3 obtained in Synthesis Example 4
- E compounds that generate an acid by the heat of E1 to E4 were prepared.
- E1 Trimethylsulfonium methyl sulfate (TSMS, manufactured by Fluorochem)
- E2 Tri-p-tolylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (TSTMS, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- E3 Trimethylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (MES, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- E4 pyridinium-p-toluenesulfonate (PTS, manufactured by Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Solvent ethyl lactate was prepared as a solvent component.
- the components (A) to (D) are blended in the proportions shown in Table 5 without using the component (E), and a 50% methanol solution of urea propyltriethoxysilane as a coupling agent (adhesion aid) 2 A part by mass was blended.
- This solution was subjected to pressure filtration using a 3 ⁇ m pore Teflon (registered trademark) filter to prepare positive type photosensitive resin composition solutions of Examples 24 to 25.
- the unit of the blending ratio of each component shown in Table 5 is part by mass.
- 101 indicates a Si wafer
- 102 indicates a photosensitive resin composition layer
- 103 indicates a layer made of a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition.
- Pattern diameter change
- the results are shown in Table 6. A: 0-10% B: 11-20% C: 21-30% D: 31% or more
- Residual film ratio after development film thickness of unexposed part after development / film thickness before development (coating film thickness) And evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions obtained in Examples 2-1 to 2-7, 2-12, and 2-13 were spin-coated on a silicon substrate and heated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to obtain a film thickness of about 12 A coating of ⁇ 14 ⁇ m was formed. Thereafter, the coating film was exposed at all wavelengths through a mask using a proximity exposure machine (trade name “PLA-600FA” manufactured by Canon Inc.). After exposure, development was performed using a 2.38% aqueous solution of TMAH to obtain a 10 mm wide rectangular pattern.
- the rectangular pattern was heated in a vertical diffusion furnace (product name “ ⁇ -TF”, manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd.) in nitrogen at a temperature of 175 ° C. (temperature increase time: 1.5 hours) for 2 hours. Processing (curing) was performed to obtain a cured film having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m.
- the cured film having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m obtained by the above method was peeled off from the silicon substrate, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the peeled film was measured by “TMA / SS600” manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. At the time of measurement, the width of the sample was 2 mm, the film thickness was 9 to 11 ⁇ m, and the distance between chucks was 10 mm.
- the load was 10 g and the heating rate was 5 ° C./min.
- the elongation at break (EL) and elastic modulus (YM) of the cured film were measured by “Autograph AGS-H100N” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- the sample width was 10 mm
- the film thickness was 9 to 11 ⁇ m
- the gap between chucks was 20 mm.
- the pulling speed was 5 mm / min
- the measurement temperature was about room temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.).
- the average of the measured values of five or more test pieces obtained from the cured film obtained under the same conditions was defined as “breaking elongation (EL)” and “elastic modulus (YM)”.
- Table 6 shows the measured Tg, EL, and YM.
- the positive type photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 13 to 23, 26 and 27 have suppressed pattern melt.
- the positive photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 13 to 23, 26, and 27 have the same physical properties as those shown in Examples 24 and 25, even if a compound that generates acid by heat is added. It was confirmed that the material has the same characteristics as the material without adding.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be used for forming a surface protective layer and an interlayer insulating film of a semiconductor element mounted on an electronic device, and a rewiring layer of a semiconductor package.
- SYMBOLS 1 Semiconductor substrate, 2 ... Protective film, 3 ... 1st conductor layer, 4 ... Interlayer insulation film, 5 ... Photosensitive resin layer, 6A, 6B, 6C ... Window part, 7 ... 2nd conductor layer, 8 ... Surface protection 11 ... Interlayer insulating film, 12 ... Wiring layer, 12 ... Underfill, 13 ... Insulating layer, 14 ... Surface protective layer, 15 ... Pad part, 16 ... Rewiring layer, 17 ... Conductive ball, 18 ... Core, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 19 ... Cover coat layer, 20 ... Barrier metal, 21 ... Color, 22 ... Underfill, 23 ... Silicon chip, 24 ...
- Connection part 100, 200, 300, 400 ... Structure, 101 ... Si wafer, 102 ... Photosensitivity Resin composition layer, 103: layer made of a cured product of photosensitive resin composition, 500: semiconductor device, 600: semiconductor device, 700: semiconductor device.
Abstract
Description
また、高温による半導体装置へのダメージを軽減する観点から、低温で硬化が可能な、脱水閉環を必要としないポリマーを含むポジ型感光性樹脂組成物が求められている。
本発明者らは、上述した応力緩和の指標として残留応力を採用し、本発明のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物から得られた硬化膜の残留応力が小さいことを確認している。ここで、残留応力が小さい程、耐熱衝撃性に優れるものであると評価することができる。
また、前記(D)成分は、上記一般式(1)で表される構造単位及び上記一般式(2)で表される構造単位を有するアクリル樹脂であることがより好ましく、上記一般式(1)で表される構造単位、上記一般式(2)単位及び上記一般式(3)で表される構造単位を有するアクリル樹脂であることがさらに好ましい。
上述の製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンをカバーコート層として有する半導体装置;
上述の製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンを再配線層用のコアとして有する半導体装置;
上述の製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンを外部接続端子である導電性のボールを保持するためのカラーとして有する半導体装置;及び
上述の製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンをアンダーフィルとして有する半導体装置が挙げられる。
本発明のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂と、(B)光により酸を生成する化合物と、(C)熱架橋剤と、(D)アクリル樹脂と含有する。以下、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物に含有される各成分について説明する。
(A)成分:フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂
(A)成分は、分子中にフェノール性水酸基を有し、アルカリ現像液に対して可溶な樹脂である。(A)成分のフェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、及びヒドロキシスチレンを単量体単位として含む共重合体等のヒドロキシスチレン系樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリ(ヒドロキシアミド)等のポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体、ポリ(ヒドロキシフェニレン)エーテル、及びポリナフトール等が挙げられる。(A)成分はこれらの樹脂のうちの1種のみで構成されていてもよく、また、2種以上を含んで構成されていてもよい。
また、(A2)成分としては、機械特性(破断伸び、弾性率及び残留応力)をより向上できる観点から、炭素数4~100の不飽和炭化水素基を有する化合物で変性されたフェノール樹脂を用いることが好ましい。
ここでいうフェノール誘導体は、(A)成分としてのフェノール樹脂の原料として上述したフェノール誘導体と同様のものを用いることができる。
これらの不飽和炭化水素基含有化合物は1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。
(B)成分である光により酸を生成する化合物は、感光剤として用いられる。このような(B)成分は、光照射により酸を生成させ、光照射した部分のアルカリ水溶液への可溶性を増大させる機能を有する。(B)成分としては、一般に光酸発生剤と称される化合物を用いることができる。(B)成分の具体例としては、o-キノンジアジド化合物、アリールジアゾニウム塩、ジアリールヨードニウム塩、トリアリールスルホニウム塩等が挙げられる。これらの中で、感度が高いことから、o-キノンジアジド化合物が好ましい。
(C)成分である熱架橋剤を含有することにより、パターン形成後の感光性樹脂膜を加熱して硬化する際に、(C)成分が(A)成分と反応して橋架け構造が形成される。これにより、低温での硬化が可能となり、膜の脆さや膜の溶融を防ぐことができる。(C)成分として、具体的には、フェノール性水酸基を有する化合物、ヒドロキシメチルアミノ基を有する化合物、エポキシ基を有する化合物が好ましいものとして用いることができる。
前記ヒドロキシメチルアミノ基の全部をアルキルエーテル化したアルコキシメチルアミノ基を有する化合物の中でも特に、下記一般式(III)で表される化合物が好ましい。
(D)成分であるアクリル樹脂を含有することにより、良好な感光特性を維持しつつ、耐熱衝撃性を向上することができる。
なかでも前記一般式(1)で表される構造単位及び下記一般式(2)で表される構造単位を有するアクリル樹脂を含有することにより、良好な感光特性を維持しつつ、耐熱衝撃性を向上することができるのでより好ましく、また、(A)成分との相溶性、レジストパターンの基板への密着性、機械特性及び耐熱衝撃性をより向上できる観点から、上記一般式(1)で表される構造単位、上記(2)で表される構造単位及び下記一般式(3)で表される構造単位を有するアクリル樹脂を含有することがより好ましい。(D)成分は、上記アクリル樹脂の1種のみからなるものであってもよく、2種以上を含むものであってもよい。
(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルとしては、例えば、下記一般式(7)で表される化合物などが挙げられる。
CH2=C(R1)-COOR2 (7)
上記のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、(E)熱により酸を生成する化合物を更に含有することが好ましい。(E)成分を用いることにより、パターンのメルトを抑制することができる。これは、現像後の感光性樹脂膜を加熱する際に酸を発生させることが可能となり、(A)成分と(C)成分との反応、すなわち熱架橋反応がより低温から開始するため、硬化膜の耐熱性が向上し、パターンのメルトが抑制されるものである。また、熱により酸を生成する化合物は、光照射によっても酸を発生することができるものが多いため、このようなものを用いると露光部のアルカリ水溶液への溶解性を増大することができる。よって、未露光部と露光部とのアルカリ水溶液に対する溶解性の差が更に大きくなり解像性が向上する。但し、本発明においては前記(B)成分とは異なる化合物を(E)成分として用いる。
R23R24C=N-O-SO2-R25 …(10)
-NH-SO2-R26 …(11)
本発明においては、さらにエラストマーを併用することができる。これにより、得られるレジストパターンは柔軟性の点でさらに優れるものとなり、レジストパターンの機械特性及び耐熱衝撃性をより一層向上させることができる。エラストマーとしては、従来公知のものを用いることができるが、エラストマーを構成する重合体のガラス転移温度(Tg)が20℃以下であることが好ましい。
上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、上記(A)~(F)成分及び溶剤以外に、溶解促進剤、溶解阻害剤、カップリング剤、及び、界面活性剤又はレベリング剤等の成分を含有してもよい。
溶解促進剤を上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物に配合することによって、アルカリ水溶液で現像する際の露光部の溶解速度を増加させ、感度及び解像性を向上させることができる。溶解促進剤としては従来公知のものを用いることができる。その具体例としては、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸、スルホンアミド基を有する化合物が挙げられる。
溶解阻害剤を(A)成分のアルカリ水溶液に対する溶解性を阻害する化合物であり、残膜厚、現像時間やコントラストをコントロールするために用いられる。その具体例としては、ジフェニルヨードニウムニトラート、ビス(p-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムニトラート、ジフェニルヨードニウムブロミド、ジフェニルヨードニウムクロリド、ジフェニルヨードニウムヨージド等である。溶解阻害剤を用いる場合の配合量は、感度と現像時間の許容幅の点から、(A)成分100質量部に対して0.01~20質量部が好ましく、0.01~15質量部がより好ましく、0.05~10質量部が特に好ましい。
カップリング剤を上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物に配合することによって、形成される硬化膜の基板との接着性を高めることができる。カップリング剤としては、例えば、有機シラン化合物、アルミキレート化合物が挙げられる。
界面活性剤又はレベリング剤を上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物に配合することによって、塗布性、例えばストリエーション(膜厚のムラ)を防いだり、現像性を向上させたりすることができる。このような界面活性剤又はレベリング剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンウラリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンステアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェノールエーテルが挙げられる。市販品としては、メガファックスF171、F173、R-08(大日本インキ化学工業株式会社製、商品名)、フロラードFC430、FC431(住友スリーエム株式会社、商品名)、オルガノシロキサンポリマーKP341、KBM303、KBM403、KBM803(信越化学工業社製、商品名)がある。
次に、レジストパターンの製造方法について説明する。本発明のレジストパターンの製造方法は、上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物からなる感光性樹脂膜を露光する工程と、露光後の感光性樹脂膜をアルカリ水溶液により現像してパターン化する工程と、パターン化された感光性樹脂膜を加熱する工程とを備える。以下、各工程について説明する。
まず、上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を支持基板上に塗布し乾燥して感光性樹脂膜を形成する。この工程では、まず、ガラス基板、半導体、金属酸化物絶縁体(例えばTiO2、SiO2等)、窒化ケイ素等の支持基板上に、上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を、スピンナー等を用いて回転塗布し、塗膜を形成する。この塗膜が形成された支持基板をホットプレート、オーブン等を用いて乾燥する。これにより、支持基板上に感光性樹脂膜が形成される。
次に、露光工程では、支持基板上に形成された感光性樹脂膜に対して、マスクを介して紫外線、可視光線、放射線等の活性光線を照射する。上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物において、(A)成分はi線に対する透明性が高いので、i線の照射を好適に用いることができる。なお、露光後、必要に応じて露光後加熱(PEB)を行うこともできる。露光後加熱の温度は70℃~140℃、露光後加熱の時間は1分~5分が好ましい。
現像工程では、露光工程後の感光性樹脂膜の露光部を現像液で除去することにより、感光性樹脂膜がパターン化される。現像液としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、アンモニア、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)等のアルカリ水溶液が好適に用いられる。これらの水溶液の塩基濃度は、0.1~10質量%とすることが好ましい。更に、上記現像液にアルコール類や界面活性剤を添加して使用することもできる。これらはそれぞれ、現像液100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01~10質量部、より好ましくは0.1~5質量部の範囲で配合することができる。
次いで、加熱処理工程では、パターン化された感光性樹脂膜を加熱処理することにより、加熱後の感光性樹脂膜からなるレジストパターンを形成することができる。加熱処理工程における加熱温度は、電子デバイスに対する熱によるダメージを十分に防止する点から、望ましくは250℃以下、より望ましくは225℃以下であり、更に望ましくは140~200℃である。
次に、本発明のレジストパターンの製造方法の一例として、半導体装置の製造工程を図面に基づいて説明する。図1~5は、多層配線構造を有する半導体装置の製造工程の一実施形態を示す概略断面図である。
次に、本発明の電子部品について説明する。本発明の電子部品は、上述の製造方法によって形成されるレジストパターンを層間絶縁膜又は表面保護層として有する。上記レジストパターンは、具体的には、半導体装置の表面保護層や層間絶縁膜、多層配線板の層間絶縁膜等として使用することができる。本発明の電子部品は、上述のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を用いて形成される表面保護層や層間絶縁膜を有すること以外は特に制限されず、様々な構造をとることができる。
実施例1~12、比較例1~3で用いた材料について以下に示す。
[(A)成分]
A1:クレゾールノボラック樹脂(クレゾール/ホルムアルデヒドノボラック樹脂、m-クレゾール/p-クレゾール(モル比)=60/40、ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量=12,000、旭有機材工業社製、商品名「EP4020G」)
A2:4-ヒドロキシスチレン/メタクリル酸メチル=50/50(モル比)の共重合体(ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量=10000、丸善石油化学社製、商品名「マルカリンカーCMM」)
A3:A3は以下の合成例1のようにして合成した。
フェノール100質量部、亜麻仁油43質量部及びトリフロオロメタンスルホン酸0.1質量部を混合し、120℃で2時間撹拌し、植物油変性フェノール誘導体(a)を得た。次いで、植物油変性フェノール誘導体(a)130g、パラホルムアルデヒド16.3g及びシュウ酸1.0gを混合し、90℃で3時間撹拌した。次いで、120℃に昇温して減圧下で3時間撹拌した後、反応液に無水コハク酸29g及びトリエチルアミン0.3gを加え、大気圧下、100℃で1時間撹拌した。反応液を室温まで冷却し、反応生成物である炭素数4~100の不飽和炭化水素基を有する化合物で変性されたフェノール樹脂(以下、「A3」という。)を得た(酸価120mgKOH/g)。このA3のGPC法の標準ポリスチレン換算により求めた重量平均分子量は約25,000であった。
攪拌機及び温度計を備えた0.5リットルのフラスコ中に、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル4.00gを入れ、十分に脱水したN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド16.68gに溶解した後、2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン二無水物8.88gを徐々に加えた。その後、室温(25℃)で24時間撹拌し、ポリアミド酸(ポリイミド前駆体)(以下、「A4」という。)の溶液を得た。
B1:1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-[4-{1-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-メチルエチル}フェニル]エタンの1-ナフトキノン-2-ジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステル(エステル化率約90%、AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ社製、商品名「TPPA528」)
B2:トリス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタンの1-ナフトキノン-2-ジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステル(エステル化率約95%)
C1:ヘキサキス(メトキシメチル)メラミン(三和ケミカル社製、商品名「ニカラックMW-30HM」、下記構造式で表される化合物)
合成例2:アクリル樹脂D1の合成
攪拌機、窒素導入管及び温度計を備えた500mlの三口フラスコに、トルエン75g、イソプロパノール(IPA)75gを秤取し、別途に秤取したアクリル酸ブチル(BA)85g、ラウリルアクリレート(DDA)24g、アクリル酸(AA)14g、及び1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチルピペリジン-4-イルメタクリレート(商品名:FA-711MM、日立化成工業(株)社製)7.9gの重合性単量体、並びにアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)0.13gを加えた。室温にて約270rpmの攪拌回転数で攪拌しながら、窒素ガスを400ml/分の流量で30分間流し、溶存酸素を除去した。その後、窒素ガスの流入を停止し、フラスコを密閉し、恒温水槽にて約25分で65℃まで昇温した。同温度を14時間保持して重合反応を行い、アクリル樹脂D1を得た。この際の重合率は98%であった。また、このA3のGPC法の標準ポリスチレン換算により求めた重量平均分子量(MW)は、約36,000であった。
表1に示す重合性単量体を用いた以外は、合成例2と同様にしてアクリル樹脂D2~D4をそれぞれ合成した。合成したアクリル樹脂D2~D4の重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
FA-712HM:2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-4-イルメタクリレート(日立化成工業(株)社製)
BA:アクリル酸n-ブチル
DDA:ラウリルアクリレート
AA:アクリル酸
X-22-2475:メタクリル変性シリコーンオイル(官能基当量:420g/mol、信越化学工業(株)社製、下記構造式で表される化合物)
表1中のX-22-2475のモル数は、官能基当量から算出した。
(A)~(D)成分を表2に示した重量、(E)成分として乳酸エチル120g、及びカップリング剤として尿素プロピルトリエトキシシランの50%メタノール溶液2gを配合し、これを3μm孔のテフロン(登録商標)フィルターを用いて加圧ろ過して、実施例1~12、及び比較例1~3のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を調製した。
(感光特性:残膜率、感度、解像度)
実施例1~12及び比較例1~3で得られたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物をシリコン基板上にスピンコートして、120℃で3分間加熱し、膜厚11~13μmの塗膜を形成した。次いで、i線ステッパー(キャノン社製、商品名「FPA-3000iW」)を用いて、マスクを介してi線(365nm)で縮小投影露光した。露光後、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)の2.38%水溶液を用いて現像した。現像後の残膜厚は初期膜厚の80~99%程度であった。その後、水でリンスし、パターン形成に必要な最小露光量及び開口している正方形ホールパターンのうち最小のものの大きさを求めた。最小露光量を感度の指標として、開口している正方形ホールパターンのうち最小のものの大きさを解像度の指標とした。結果を表3に示す。
尚、残膜率は、下式により算出した。
残膜率(%)=(現像後の塗膜の膜厚/現像前の塗膜の膜厚)×100
実施例1~12及び比較例1~3で得られたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物をシリコン基板上にスピンコートして、120℃で3分間加熱し、膜厚約12~14μmの塗膜を形成した。その後、前記の塗膜をプロキシミティ露光機(キャノン社製、商品名「PLA-600FA」)を用いて、マスクを介して全波長で露光を行った。露光後、TMAHの2.38%水溶液を用いて現像を行い、10mm幅の矩形パターンを得た。その後、矩形パターンを以下の(i)又は(ii)の方法で加熱処理(硬化)し、膜厚約10μmの硬化膜を得た。なお、硬化条件、及び、硬化前後の膜厚の硬化収縮率(=[1-(硬化後の膜厚/硬化前の膜厚)]×100)[%]を表3に示す。
(i)縦型拡散炉(光洋サーモシステム社製、商品名「μ-TF」)を用い、窒素中、温度175℃(昇温時間1.5時間)で2時間、塗膜を加熱処理した
(ii)周波数可変型マイクロ波硬化炉(ラムダテクノロジー社製、商品名「Microcure2100」)を用い、マイクロ波出力450W、マイクロ波周波数5.9~7.0GHz、温度165℃(昇温時間5分間)で2時間加熱処理した。
(硬化膜物性:Tg、破断伸び、弾性率)
上述の硬化収縮率の評価と同様の方法で得た膜厚約10μmの硬化膜をシリコン基板から剥離し、剥離した膜のガラス転移温度(Tg)をセイコーインスツルメンツ社製「TMA/SS600」で測定した。測定の際、試料の幅は2mm、膜厚は9~11μmであり、チャック間は10mmとした。荷重は10gで、昇温速度は5℃/分であった。また、硬化膜の破断伸び(EL)及び弾性率(YM)を島津製作所社製「オートグラフAGS-H100N」によって測定した。試料の幅は10mm、膜厚は9~11μmであり、チャック間は20mmとした。引っ張り速度は5mm/分で、測定温度は室温(20℃~25℃)程度とした。同一条件で得た硬化膜から得た5本以上の試験片の測定値の平均を「破断伸び(EL)」及び「弾性率(YM)」とした。測定されたTg、EL及びYMを表3に示す。Tgは高いことが好ましく、破断伸びは大きいことが好ましく、弾性率は小さいことが好ましい。
実施例1~12及び比較例1~3で得られたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を5インチシリコン基板上にスピンコートして、120℃で3分間加熱し、膜厚約11μmの塗膜を形成した。基板上の塗膜は上記(i)又は(ii)の方法で硬化した。硬化基板の残留応力はテンコール社製応力測定装置(FLX-2320型)で測定した。測定温度は23℃である。その結果を表3に示す。残留応力は小さい程良好である。
実施例1~12及び比較例1~3で得られたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を低抵抗シリコン基板上にスピンコートして、120℃で3分間加熱し、膜厚約11μmの塗膜を形成した。基板上の塗膜は上記(i)又は(ii)の方法で硬化した。次に、硬化膜上に、直径2mmのアルミ電極を、真空蒸着装置を用いて作成した。次いで、横河電機社製LFインピーダンスアナライザHP4192Aに誘電体横河電機社製テストフィクスチャHP16451を接続した測定装置を使用し、アルミ電極とシリコン基板間の電荷容量を測定した。測定環境は室温(20℃~25℃)、湿度40~50%RH、測定周波数は10kHz、バイアス電圧は-35Vとした。測定した電極の電荷容量値と電極近傍の膜厚値から硬化膜の比誘電率を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。比誘電率は小さい程良好である。
実施例1~12及び比較例1~3で得られたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を基板(シリコン基板上にTiNをスパッタ形成後、更にそのTiN上に銅をスパッタ形成した基板)上にスピンコートして、120℃で3分間加熱し、膜厚約12~14μmの塗膜を形成した。この塗膜を上記(i)又は(ii)の方法で硬化し、膜厚約10μmの硬化膜を得た。この硬化膜を基板とともに小片に切断し、アルミニウム製スタッドと硬化膜とをエポキシ樹脂層を介して接合した。次に、スタッドを引っ張り、剥離時の荷重を測定した。その結果を表3に示す。密着性は大きい程良好である。
実施例1~12及び比較例1~3で得られたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を再配線が形成された基板上にスピンコートして、120℃で3分間加熱し、膜厚約20μmの塗膜を形成した。この塗膜に対して、プロキシミティ露光機(キャノン社製、商品名「PLA-600FA」)を用いて、マスクを介して全波長で露光(800mJ/cm2)を行った。露光後、TMAHの2.38%水溶液にて現像を行い、200μm角のビアホールを形成したこの塗膜を上記(i)又は(ii)の方法で硬化し、カバーコート膜とした。開口部分にアンダーバリアメタルを形成後、半田ボールをバンピングし、図7に示す半導体装置と同様の配線構造を備えるテスト部品を作製した。更に、テスト部品を実装及び封止し、テストサンプルを得た。テストサンプルの温度サイクル試験(-55℃~125℃、2000サイクル)を実施し、クラック、剥がれ等の不良の有無を目視で観察し、以下の評価基準で評価した。その結果を表3に示す。
a:2000サイクルでもクラックや剥がれ等の不良なし
b:1000サイクル後はクラックや剥がれ等の不良なし、2000サイクル後はクラックや剥がれ等の不良発生
c:1000サイクル後にクラックや剥がれ等の不良発生
更に、実施例1~12のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の硬化膜の弾性率は、2.5GPa以下と低弾性率であった。硬化膜の弾性率が低い場合、硬化膜が形成された基板の残留応力が低くなる傾向にある。表3から明らかなとおり、実施例1~12のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の硬化膜が形成された基板の残留応力は25MPa以下と低かった。
次に、表3から明らかであるように、(A)成分として、(A2)成分としてポリ(ヒドロキシスチレン)を用いた実施例1-5のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物における硬化膜の比誘電率は、3以下と良好であった。更に、スタッドプル試験と温度サイクル試験の結果から、実施例1~12のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の硬化膜は、銅に対する密着性にも優れる(450kgf/cm2以上)。更に耐熱衝撃性も高いため、温度サイクル試験後のテストサンプルにクラックや剥がれ等の不良は生じなかった。
一方、(D)成分を含まない比較例1~2のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、解像度は高いものの、感度は500mJ/cm2以上と低かった。また、比較例1のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、硬化膜の破断伸びは1%と低く、脆いためにTgを測定することができなかった。また、硬化膜の弾性率が高いため、残留応力が高くなった。更に、レジストパターンの銅に対する密着性及び耐熱衝撃性も低かった。
また、(A)成分としてフェノール性水酸基のないアルカリ可溶性樹脂であるポリアミド酸(ポリイミド前駆体)を用いた比較例1~3のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、感度、解像度及び密着性が低かった。
<ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の調製>
(A)フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂としてA1及びA3を準備した。
A1:クレゾールノボラック樹脂(クレゾール/ホルムアルデヒドノボラック樹脂、m-クレゾール/p-クレゾール(モル比)=60/40、ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量=13000、旭有機材工業社製、商品名「EP4020G」)
A3:合成例1で得られた、炭素数4~100の不飽和炭化水素基を有する化合物で変性されたフェノール樹脂
B1:1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-[4-{1-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-メチルエチル}フェニル]エタンの1-ナフトキノン-2-ジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステル(エステル化率約90%、AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ社製、商品名「TPPA528」)
C1:ヘキサキス(メトキシメチル)メラミン(三和ケミカル社製、商品名「ニカラックMW-30HM」)を準備した。
C2:1,1-ビス{3,5-ビス(メトキシメチル)-4-ヒドロキシフェニル}メタン(本州化学工業社製、商品名「TMOM-pp-BPF」)
C3:N,N’,N’’,N’’’-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)グリコールウリル(三和ケミカル社製、商品名「ニカラックMX-270」)
D1:合成例2で得られたアクリル樹脂D1
D3:合成例4で得られたアクリル樹脂D3
E1:トリメチルスルホニウムメチルスルフェート(TSMS、フルオロケム社製)
E2:トリ-p-トリルスルホニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート(TSTMS、東京化成社製)
E3:トリメチルスルホニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホナート(MES、日立化成社製)
E4:ピリジニウム-p-トルエンスルホネート(PTS、みどり化学社製)
(A)~(E)成分を表4、5に示した割合で配合し、さらにカップリング剤(接着助剤)として尿素プロピルトリエトキシシランの50%メタノール溶液2質量部を配合した。この溶液を3μm孔のテフロン(登録商標)フィルターを用いて加圧ろ過して、実施例13~23のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の溶液を調製した。表4中に示した各成分の配合割合の単位は質量部である。
上記実施例13~27で得られた感光性樹脂組成物の溶液を用い、以下に示す方法でパターンメルトの評価を行った。その結果を表6に示す。
(パターンメルト)
解像度評価マスクを介して1000mJ/cm2を照射した後、2.38%TMAH水溶液で現像を行った。現像後のパターンをホットプレートにより100℃/5分間、120℃/5分、150℃/5分の加熱を行いパターンの40μmのスクエアの形状を比較した。
図8は現像後のパターンの模式断面図であり、図9は硬化後のパターンの模式断面図である。図8、9中、101はSiウェハを、102は感光性樹脂組成物層を、103は感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる層を、それぞれ示す。本試験においては、現像後のパターン径d1と硬化後のパターン径d2を比較し、パターン径の変化を下記式:
パターン径の変化=|硬化後のパターン径-現像後のパターン径|/現像後のパターン径
と定義し、以下の評価基準に基づいて評価した。その結果を表6に示す。
A:0~10%
B:11~20%
C:21~30%
D:31%以上
解像度評価マスクを介して1000mJ/cm2を照射した後、2.38%TMAH水溶液で現像を行い、未露光部における現像前と現像後の膜厚を比較し、現像後残膜率を下記式:
現像後残膜率=現像後の未露光部膜厚/現像前膜厚(塗布膜厚)
と定義し、以下の評価基準に基づいて評価した。
A:0.95~1.0
B:0.90~0.94
C:0.80~0.89
D:0.79以下
実施例2-1~2-7、2-12、2-13で得られたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物をシリコン基板上にスピンコートして、120℃で3分間加熱し、膜厚約12~14μmの塗膜を形成した。その後、前記の塗膜をプロキシミティ露光機(キャノン社製、商品名「PLA-600FA」)を用いて、マスクを介して全波長で露光を行った。露光後、TMAHの2.38%水溶液を用いて現像を行い、10mm幅の矩形パターンを得た。その後、矩形パターンを縦型拡散炉(光洋サーモシステム社製、商品名「μ-TF」)を用い、窒素中、温度175℃(昇温時間1.5時間)で2時間、塗膜を加熱処理(硬化)し、膜厚約10μmの硬化膜を得た。
上述の方法で得た膜厚約10μmの硬化膜をシリコン基板から剥離し、剥離した膜のガラス転移温度(Tg)をセイコーインスツルメンツ社製「TMA/SS600」で測定した。測定の際、試料の幅は2mm、膜厚は9~11μmであり、チャック間は10mmとした。荷重は10gで、昇温速度は5℃/分であった。また、硬化膜の破断伸び(EL)及び弾性率(YM)を島津製作所社製「オートグラフAGS-H100N」によって測定した。試料の幅は10mm、膜厚は9~11μmであり、チャック間は20mmとした。引っ張り速度は5mm/分で、測定温度は室温(20℃~25℃)程度とした。同一条件で得た硬化膜から得た5本以上の試験片の測定値の平均を「破断伸び(EL)」及び「弾性率(YM)」とした。測定されたTg、EL及びYMを表6に示す。
Claims (23)
- フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂と、
光により酸を生成する化合物と、
熱架橋剤と、
アクリル樹脂と、
を含有するポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂が、フェノール樹脂である、請求項1に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂が、不飽和炭化水素基を有しないフェノール樹脂と、不飽和炭化水素基を有する変性フェノール樹脂とを含むものである、請求項1又は2に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記不飽和炭化水素基を有する変性フェノール樹脂が、フェノール性水酸基と多塩基酸無水物との反応によって更に変性されているものである、請求項3に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記不飽和炭化水素基を有する変性フェノール樹脂が、炭素数4~100の不飽和炭化水素基を有する化合物で変性されたフェノール樹脂である、請求項3又は4に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記不飽和炭化水素基を有しないフェノール樹脂の質量MA1と前記不飽和炭化水素基を有する変性フェノール樹脂の質量MA2との比MA1/MA2が5/95~95/5である、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記光により酸を生成する化合物が、o-キノンジアジド化合物である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂の含有量100質量部に対して、前記光により酸を生成する化合物の含有量が3~100質量部である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記アクリル樹脂が、前記一般式(1)で表される構造単位及び前記一般式(2)で表される構造単位を有するものである、請求項9に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記アクリル樹脂が、前記一般式(1)で表される構造単位、前記一般式(2)で表される構造単位及び前記一般式(3)で表される構造単位を有するものである、請求項9に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 熱により酸を生成する化合物を更に含有する、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- エラストマーを更に含有する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を用いて形成される感光性樹脂膜を露光する工程と、
露光後の前記感光性樹脂膜をアルカリ水溶液により現像してパターン化する工程と、
パターン化された前記感光性樹脂膜を加熱する工程と、
を備えるレジストパターンの製造方法。 - パターン化された前記感光性樹脂膜を200℃以下で加熱する工程を含む、請求項15に記載のレジストパターンの製造方法。
- 請求項15又は16に記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンを層間絶縁膜又は表面保護層として有する半導体装置。
- 請求項15又は16に記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンをカバーコート層として有する半導体装置。
- 請求項15又は16に記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンを再配線層用のコアとして有する半導体装置。
- 請求項15又は16に記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンを外部接続端子である導電性のボールを保持するためのカラーとして有する半導体装置。
- 請求項15又は16に記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンをアンダーフィルとして有する半導体装置。
- 請求項15又は16記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により形成されるレジストパターンを再配線層用の表面保護層及び/又はカバーコート層として有する半導体装置。
- 請求項17~22のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置を備える電子デバイス。
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US13/142,057 US8461699B2 (en) | 2008-12-26 | 2009-12-16 | Positive-type photosensitive resin composition, method for producing resist pattern, semiconductor device, and electronic device |
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US8461699B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
JP5158212B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 |
CN103091987A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
CN102257431A (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
DE202009018857U1 (de) | 2014-01-09 |
US20110254178A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
KR101398754B1 (ko) | 2014-05-27 |
JPWO2010073948A1 (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
KR20130086258A (ko) | 2013-07-31 |
JP5494766B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
KR101397771B1 (ko) | 2014-05-20 |
EP2372457A4 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
CN103091987B (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
JP2013015856A (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
EP2372457A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
TW201033736A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
SG172756A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
KR20110050740A (ko) | 2011-05-16 |
TWI461851B (zh) | 2014-11-21 |
EP2372457B1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
CN102257431B (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
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