WO2010073370A1

WO2010073370A1 - Carrier processing device, object transmission system, and method

Info

Publication number: WO2010073370A1
Application number: PCT/JP2008/073741
Authority: WO
Inventors: 清明横山
Original assignee: 横山佳子
Priority date: 2008-12-26
Filing date: 2008-12-26
Publication date: 2010-07-01
Also published as: JPWO2010073370A1; JP5378414B2

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] This object is aimed to process and create a spreading carrier and a despreading carrier without performing an active synchronization operation. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A carrier processing device comprises a noise signal supply unit for outputting an irregular noise signal including noise, a spreading carrier processing means for processing the noise signal into a spreading carrier, and a despreading carrier processing means for processing the noise signal into a despreading carrier. The noise signal supply unit supplies the noise signal commonly to the two carrier processing means. The spreading carrier processing means and the despreading carrier processing means process, by sharing the noise signal, the noise signal into the spreading carrier and the dispreading carrier having a cross-correlation and an irregularity and obtains a pair of the spreading carrier and the dispreading carrier in which the product of a value of the spreading carrier and a value of the dispreading carrier shows a constant value regardless of the values of the carriers.

Description

Carrier processing apparatus, object transmission system and method

The present invention relates to a carrier processing device that outputs a carrier necessary for transmitting an object to be transmitted by applying spread spectrum communication technology, and an object that incorporates the carrier processing device to execute object transmission The present invention relates to a transmission system and method.

One of the techniques conventionally used for transmitting the information is spread spectrum communication technology. The direct spread spectrum spread communication technology is one form of the spread spectrum communication technology, and is one of signal transmission methods using two irregular signals of spread spectrum code and spread spectrum spread code having high cross-correlation. It has excellent properties such as characteristics, multiplicity, confidentiality, secrecy, and low power density and low interference with other systems, and is used in a wide range of fields such as mobile communication and wireless LAN. In this specification, direct spread spectrum communication is simply referred to as spread spectrum communication. In the following description, a code sequence multiplied by an information input signal at a transmitter is a spread code, and a code sequence multiplied by a signal received at a receiver is reversed. This is referred to as a spreading code.

The spread spectrum communication is a signal transmission system using two irregular signals having a high cross-correlation, ie, a spread code and a despread code. In independently operating transmitters and receivers, the set of spreading and despreading codes they use generally has zero cross-correlation unless they are actively operated to improve cross-correlation with each other. In the spread spectrum communication, a positive operation is performed on the set of spreading codes and despreading codes to establish a cross-correlation state that exceeds a predetermined cross-correlation state from a zero state and transmits information. Hereinafter, a state in which the cross-correlation state more than the specified level is established is referred to as a cross-correlation establishment state.

Aggressive operations to increase cross-correlation for spreading codes and despreading codes according to some rules are called synchronization operations, and they are referred to as a specific method for spread spectrum communication using the synchronization operations. A signal built-in method (or stored reference signal method or SR method: Stored Reference) and a reference signal transmission method (or TR method: Transmitted Reference) are known.

FIG. 40 shows a configuration of a typical spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal (Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2). Today, the spread spectrum communication system having this configuration is widely used in mobile phone systems and GPS systems (GPS: Global Positioning System) and has become a standard form of spread spectrum communication system. Then, the configuration and characteristics of the spread spectrum communication system are used as a reference for comparison. In the reference signal built-in method, the transmitter and the receiver have independent binary pseudo noise generators (hereinafter referred to as PNG: Pseudo Noise Generator). The PNGs are not synchronized at the time when the communication system starts to operate, and the pair of spreading codes c _S and despreading codes c _D used in the pair generated by the PNGs are in a state in which no cross-correlation is established. It is.
Therefore, prior to the transmission of information, the communication system first synchronize the PNG together, it is necessary to increase the cross-correlation of the spreading code c _S despreading code c _D. The synchronization device provided in the receiver is an element for this purpose, and the reference signal built-in spread spectrum communication system having the configuration shown in FIG. 40 has two operations called synchronization acquisition operation and synchronization holding operation using this synchronization device. Synchronize by movement.
The synchronization acquisition operation is an operation of creating a cross-correlation establishment state by aligning the code pattern in the time domain with respect to the spread code c _S of the transmitter despread code c _D of the receiver, and the synchronization holding operation is This is an operation of maintaining the established cross-correlation establishment state.
When the communication system starts to operate, first, a synchronization acquisition operation is performed. When the operation is successfully completed, the operation shifts to a synchronization holding operation, and an information input signal is transmitted under the synchronization holding operation. For this series of synchronization operations performed by the receiver, the transmitter continuously transmits a signal including a spread code during the operation period.
As described above, in the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40, the transmitter continuously transmits the spread code component, and the receiver and the synchronizer synchronize the receiver's PNG with the transmitter's PNG. The communication is performed in a state where the cross-correlation between the spread code c _S and the despread code c _D is established.

On the other hand, several different configurations are known for the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method, and a first known example is shown in FIG. 41 (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3, Non-patent document 1, Non-patent document 2).
In the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method of the form shown in FIG. 41, one code string generated by one PNG provided only in the transmitter is used for the purpose of both spreading code and despreading code.
The transmitter transmits a spread spectrum output signal (hereinafter, referred to as a spread output signal) obtained by spreading the spectrum of the information input signal with a spread code and a despread code toward the receiver. At this time, since the spread output signal and the despread code are simultaneously transmitted through one transmission medium, in order to prevent them from interfering with each other, one of the transmitters is delayed by a predetermined time, and the receiver transmits it. The component that is not delayed in the machine is delayed by the same time as the transmitter delay.
Of the series of delay operations performed by the transmitter and the receiver, the operation performed by the receiver is the same as the signal processing operation in the time domain for one signal performed by the transmitter. This is an operation of making the cross-correlation positive by matching in the time domain, and this is nothing but a synchronization operation of two signals.
As described above, the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method configured as shown in FIG. 41 has a synchronization operation in which one of the spread output signal and the despread code is delayed by the transmitter, and the other component is delayed by the receiver. The communication is performed with the cross-correlation between the component of the spread code c _{S and} the component of the despread code c _D of the spread output signal established.

Next, a second known example is shown in FIG. 42 as a spread spectrum communication system of a reference signal transmission method different from the configuration shown in FIG. 41 (Non-Patent Document 3).
42, the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method in the form shown in FIG. 42 is similar to the form shown in FIG. 41. One code string generated by one PNG provided only in the transmitter is spread and despread. Used for both code purposes, the transmitter sends the spread output signal and the despread code towards the receiver. At this time, the spread output signal and the despread code are transmitted as broadband signals in different frequency bands.
The transmission mechanism that transmits the despread code generated in the transmitter to the despread code different from the spread output signal in the dedicated frequency band is for the purpose of the receiver actively using the signal from the transmitter with high cross-correlation. Since it is provided, it is the synchronizer itself.
As described above, the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 42 performs a synchronization operation for transmitting the despread code using a dedicated transmission medium different from the transmission of the spread output signal, and spread code c of the spread output signal. communicating in the state establishing the correlation component and the despreading code c _D of _S.
Mitsuo Yokoyama "Spread-Spectrum Communication System" Science and Technology Publishers, 1988 Marubayashi et al. "Spread Spectrum Communication and its Applications" The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 1999, p. 95-131 Andre Kesteloot et al. "The ARRL Spread Spectrum Sourcebook" The American Radio Relay League, Inc., 1997 P8-58-8-63 US Pat. No. 5,761,238 JP 2000-022593 A US Pat. No. 5,774,492 JP 2000-252878 A

However, in the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 (Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2), if the synchronization acquisition operation is not completed, the despread code synchronized with the receiver is Since it cannot be obtained, information transmission cannot be started.
This synchronization acquisition operation, which is a signal analysis process of precise pattern matching for very long irregular signals, is simply a product sum of enormous number of times that is proportional to the square of the number of bits that make up a very long period of the spreading code. It requires statistical numerical processing with computation, and when the code length is several thousand bits, it performs tens of millions of product-sum operations just by calculating a single cross-correlation for all code patterns. That will take a lot of time. In addition, the synchronization acquisition operation is a trial and error process that involves the ambiguity of selecting the most likely synchronization point from among a large number of calculation results, and depending on the result, it must be repeated again from the beginning. There is also a time consuming process.
In other words, in the spread spectrum communication system of this system, it takes time until communication can be actually started after trying to start communication, and it is not possible to respond immediately to a communication request.
As described above, the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 has a problem that lacks responsiveness to communication requests.

In addition, the synchronization acquisition operation performed in the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 samples data from the transmission medium in real time with high accuracy, holds it, and limits a large number of repetitive arithmetic operations. It is necessary to complete within a given time and adjust the pattern and phase in real time with high accuracy.
Therefore, the synchronization device of the receiver that performs the synchronization acquisition operation includes a large memory space having the same length as the code string, a high-speed product-sum calculator, an analog-digital converter (ADC), a digital-analog converter (DAC), Generally, the apparatus is composed of a large-scale circuit resource or software resource having a wide bus or pipeline processing device for transmitting multi-bit data at a time. As a result, the receiver of this system has a remarkably large apparatus size and complexity compared to receivers of communication systems other than this system.
Thus, the reference signal built-in spread spectrum communication system configured as shown in FIG. 40 has a problem that the apparatus becomes large and complicated.

Also, in applications where it is necessary to respond to communication requests that occur intermittently without delay, even after the transmission of one communication request is completed, the operation starts again from the synchronization acquisition for the next communication request that does not know when it occurs. It is necessary to be able to respond immediately without taking such a wasteful time.
In order to respond to such a request in the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in method having the configuration shown in FIG. 40, the communication system needs to keep the transmitter and receiver in a synchronized state, so there is no information to be transmitted. Nevertheless, the transmitter continues to transmit a spreading code that is not modulated with the information input signal, and the receiver continues a synchronization maintaining operation of inputting a signal including the spreading code and maintaining a cross-correlation established state.
Transmission of a transmission signal during a period in which this information is not transmitted not only wastes the transmission capacity of a finite transmission medium, but it is always useless for other communications that share the same transmission medium and perform multiplex transmission. It acts as noise, causes unnecessary interference to other communications using the transmission medium, and causes a decrease in the SN ratio of each communication. Further, the interference is not limited to communication, but also extends to devices and human bodies around the transmitter that sends out the transmission signal, and causes a failure in the devices and living bodies around them.
As described above, the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 wastes the transmission capacity of the transmission medium, and causes unnecessary interference with other communications, peripheral devices, living bodies, and the like that share the transmission medium. There are challenges.

In addition, when the above-described intermittently generated communication request must be handled without delay in the reference signal built-in spread spectrum communication system configured as shown in FIG. 40, the communication system has no information to be transmitted. Nevertheless, the transmitter performs a transmission operation, the transmission medium transmits a spread code, and the receiver performs a synchronization maintaining operation. As a result, both the transmitter and the receiver consume power during the synchronization holding operation.
In general, in the intermittent communication application, the communication system performs communication only during a period in which information can be reliably transmitted when a communication request is generated, and then the transmitter does not operate until the next communication request comes, and the receiver It is desirable to intermittently and temporarily perform a reception operation and wait for information transmission from the transmitter.
Compared to this, the power consumed by the transmitter and the receiver in the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in system shown in FIG.
As described above, the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in method shown in FIG.

On the other hand, noise is generally superimposed on a signal transmitted through a transmission medium. In the case of the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method configured as shown in FIG. 41 (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2) and FIG. 42 (Non-Patent Document 3), This noise is superimposed on the spread output signal and the spread code transmitted for spectrum despreading. In the spread spectrum communication method, even if noise is superimposed on a spread spectrum transmission signal, the influence can be suppressed by a series of despreading operations performed on the receiving side. is required. In the spread spectrum communication system of these forms in which noise is superimposed on the signal used for the despread code, the influence of the noise cannot be suppressed. Therefore, the SN ratio of the information input signal component obtained as the despread output is It will be low.

Also, noise is generally superimposed on the signal transmitted on the transmission medium. In the case of the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method configured as shown in FIG. 41 (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2) and FIG. 42 (Non-Patent Document 3), This noise is superimposed on the spread output signal and the spread code transmitted for spectrum despreading. In the spread spectrum communication method, even if noise is superimposed on a spread spectrum transmission signal, the influence can be suppressed by a series of despreading operations performed on the receiving side. is required. In the spread spectrum communication system of these forms in which noise is superimposed on the signal used for the despread code, the influence of the noise cannot be suppressed. Therefore, the SN ratio of the information input signal component obtained as the despread output is It will be low.

As described above, in the communication systems having the configurations shown in FIGS. 41 and 42, when noise is superimposed on a signal transmitted through the transmission medium, the SN ratio of the component of the information input signal output from the receiver is lowered. In addition, there is a problem that they have no noise resistance, or that the noise resistance of the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 is inferior.

Further, according to the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 42, the spread spectrum communication can be performed without using the information transmission system having the configuration shown in FIG. Is possible.

However, a signal band is required separately from the spread output signal for the transmission of the spread code, and it must be a wideband transmission channel for transmitting a wideband signal called a spread code. Furthermore, in order to perform multiplex communication using this method, a spread output signal can be transmitted while sharing a single transmission channel, but a wideband channel for transmitting a spread code is required for each multiplex communication channel. Requires a remarkably wide band transmission medium. The need for a wider band for transmitting the same amount of information means that the amount of information that can be transmitted in the unit bandwidth of the transmission medium is reduced and the utilization rate of the band is low.
As described above, the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 42 requires a remarkably wide band transmission medium for multiplexing, and there is a problem that the band utilization rate of the transmission medium is low.

An object of the present invention is to process a common noise signal including noise into a spread spectrum carrier and a spread spectrum despread carrier, thereby eliminating the need for an active synchronization device and a spectrum incorporating the carrier processing device. It is to provide a diffusion object transmission system and method.

In order to achieve the above object, a carrier processing apparatus according to the present invention is a carrier processing apparatus that outputs a spread spectrum carrier required at a transmission source and a spread spectrum despread carrier required at a transmission destination when transmitting an object. A noise signal supply unit that outputs an irregular noise signal including noise as a signal component, spread spectrum carrier processing means for processing the noise signal into the spread spectrum carrier, and the noise signal as the spread spectrum spread carrier. Spectrum despread carrier processing means for processing the noise signal, and the noise signal supply unit supplies the noise signal to both carrier processing means in common, the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spectrum despread carrier With the processing means, the noise signal is shared. The noise signal is processed into the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum despread carrier having cross-correlation irregularity, and the spread spectrum carrier value and the spread spectrum spread carrier regardless of the spread spectrum carrier value. It is characterized in that a pair of the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier whose product is a constant is obtained.

An object transmission system according to the present invention is an object transmission system that transmits an object by applying spread spectrum communication technology, and includes a noise signal supply unit that outputs an irregular noise signal including noise as a signal component; Spread spectrum carrier processing means for processing a noise signal into the spread spectrum carrier; and spread spectrum carrier processing means for processing the noise signal into the spread spectrum spread carrier; and spreading the object with the spread spectrum carrier. A spread spectrum means for transmitting the spread spectrum output object, and a spread spectrum spread means for despreading the component of the object from the signal containing the spread spectrum output object on the spread spectrum spread carrier, The noise signal supply unit supplies the noise signal to both the carrier processing means in common, and the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means share the noise signal to share the noise signal. The noise signal is processed into the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier having cross-correlation irregularity, and the spread spectrum carrier value and the spread spectrum spread carrier value are independent of the spread spectrum carrier value. Obtaining a pair of the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum despread carrier, the product of which is a constant, and further comprising a transmission medium that links the spread spectrum means and the spread spectrum spread means. To do.

An object transmission method according to the present invention is an object transmission method for transmitting an object by applying spread spectrum communication technology, the step of outputting an irregular noise signal including noise as a signal component; The noise signal is processed into the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier having cross-correlation irregularity by sharing, and the spread spectrum carrier value and the spread spectrum carrier value regardless of the spread spectrum carrier value. Obtaining a pair of the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier in which a product of the value of the spread spectrum spread carrier indicates a constant, and transmitting the spread spectrum output object by spreading the object with the spread spectrum carrier And the spectrum The components of the object from a signal including the spread spectrum output object in the diffusion carrier and executes a step of spectral despreading.

According to the present invention, the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means share the noise signal having irregularity so that the noise signal is correlated with the irregular spread spectrum carrier. The spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread that are processed into the spread spectrum spread carrier and the product of the spread spectrum carrier value and the spread spectrum carrier value is constant regardless of the spread spectrum carrier value. Since it is to obtain a carrier pair, it generates a spread spectrum carrier and a spectrum despread carrier using noise having irregularity existing in free space without performing an active synchronization operation. Can do. Furthermore, it is possible to provide an object transmission system that achieves both high noise resistance and quick response.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

(Embodiment 1)
The information transmission system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention has a configuration in which the carrier processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is incorporated, and generates a spread spectrum code incorporated in the information transmission system using the reference signal built-in method and the reference signal transmission method. Unlike PNG, it provides a new form that can be called a reference signal sharing system based on the unique idea that the configuration itself constitutes a synchronization device.
Since the spread spectrum communication technique is generally applied to information communication, the information transmission system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is also applied to a spread spectrum information transmission system that transmits information that is a kind of object. This will be described based on an example. The object is an object to be transmitted. The term “transmission” as used herein refers to moving something between physically different things such as position and time. For example, in addition to the information, the object may include energy, A signal is included. However, the application of the carrier processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the spread spectrum information transmission system. An application example to transmission of objects other than information of the spread spectrum object transmission system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described later. Hereinafter, a spread spectrum information transmission system which is a kind of object transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described as the present transmission system.

The carrier processing apparatus incorporated in this transmission system can correlate the noise signal by sharing a signal having a broad object-to-object property with common and irregularity, called a noise signal including noise as a signal component. In addition, the spread spectrum carrier (hereinafter, referred to as a spread carrier) and an inverse spread spectrum carrier (hereinafter, referred to as a despread carrier) having irregularities are processed, and the value of the spread carrier regardless of the value of the spread spectrum carrier. And the despread carrier value to obtain a pair of the spread carrier and the despread carrier, the transmission system using the carrier processing device in the embodiment of the present invention, Carrier and despread carrier, for example, spread spectrum and object such as information signal By spreading and transmitting, the problems of the reference signal built-in method and the reference signal transmission method are solved, and the advantages of these methods are combined, and further, new advantages that cannot be obtained by them are developed. It has been made. The object means an object to be transmitted. For example, the object includes not only information targeted by the conventional spread spectrum communication but also energy or a simple signal. Any one may be used as long as it should be transmitted between two points having different physical relationships. The transmission of these objects will be described later.

First, prior to the description of the specific configuration / operation of the carrier processing apparatus incorporated in the transmission system, the state variables used in the description of the contents will be described. The state variable described here indicates a function representing the form of an object that is an entity transmitted in the object transmission system according to the embodiment of the present invention. This will be described using a specific example. In the object transmission system according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to transmit, for example, audio or a print image as an object as a transmission entity. The sound at the previous stage of transmission is generally regarded as information by an electric signal as a time function and is transmitted. Therefore, for example, in the case of speech, the form of the object is captured by a time function state variable.
Also, for example, when transmitting a print image, the print image at the previous stage of transmission is captured as distribution information in the light density plane obtained from the image. For example, in the case of a print image, the form of the object is captured by a state variable of a position function.
Further, even in the case of an object captured by a position function state variable, in the case of a planar image, the light density exists in two orthogonal XY directions, so that it can be captured by a two-dimensional position function state variable. When the light shading exists in one axis direction, it is captured by a state variable of a one-dimensional position function. When the light density exists in the three-axis XYZ directions perpendicular to each other, it is captured by a state variable of a three-dimensional position function.
Thus, the form of the object in the previous stage of transmission is not a scale that can be captured by a time function state variable, but can be captured by a position function state variable. As will be described later, in the object transmission system according to the embodiment of the present invention, an object that is captured by a time function state variable or an object that is captured by a position function state variable is also targeted. .

In the following, in order to facilitate understanding, the description will focus on objects that can be captured by state variables of time functions. In the following description, a state variable of a time function that captures the form of an object is expressed as a signal for convenience. The expression “signal used in the following” indicates a series of certain states, and is, for example, a signal waveform in terms of a time-series electric signal. It is not limited to electrical signals as a function of time. The horizontal axis of the waveform diagram is not limited to time, and the content and dimensions such as position are arbitrary. For example, it is not limited to the state quantity, but may be any optical density state, brightness, acoustic pressure, or the like. In the following, all signals are assumed to be functions that change based on an arbitrary independent variable u of an arbitrary dimension, not limited to time and electrical state expression, unless otherwise specified.
As a result, the present transmission system can be applied not only to time-space telecommunications but also to other arbitrary spaces and fields.

The operation principle of the spread spectrum communication system as telecommunications will be described using the electrical state of a certain object in the time space and the state of the frequency spectrum in the frequency space. Similarly, the operation principle of this transmission system will be described using a signal and its frequency spectrum.
However, since the state variable in this transmission system is not limited to the time function, the frequency space used in the following description is not the frequency space for the time function, but can be obtained by Fourier transforming the state variable representing a certain signal. A frequency space in which a frequency spectral density function exists is assumed.
In general, a frequency spectral density function obtained by Fourier transform is a complex number. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, a so-called power spectral density function using the absolute value is simply referred to as a spectral distribution. Further, in the application of telecommunications, the integration of the power spectral density function for a certain frequency region corresponds to the energy of the electrical signal. Hereinafter, for example, including a field other than the application of telecommunications such as printing, the power spectrum density function integrated in a certain frequency region is referred to as energy, power or power of the spectrum component. .

Next, the basic configuration of the transmission system according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, the basic configuration of this transmission system will be described only for the object captured by the time function state variable for easy understanding, and the transmission of the object captured by the position function state variable will be described. Since only the transmission form is different, only the difference will be described later.

The transmission system includes a carrier processing unit 1 corresponding to the carrier processing apparatus according to the first embodiment, a spread spectrum module (hereinafter referred to as a spread module) 3, and a spectrum despread module (hereinafter referred to as a despread module). 4 and the transmission medium 7. In the drawings in this specification, the double circle symbol is simply a terminal.

The diffusion module 3 includes a spread spectrum carrier processing means (hereinafter referred to as diffusion carrier processing means) 13 of the carrier processing section 1 and is configured by adding a spread spectrum means (hereinafter referred to as diffusion means) 14 to this.

The despreading module 4 includes a spectrum despreading carrier processing unit (hereinafter referred to as despreading carrier processing unit) 15 of the carrier processing unit 1, and a spectrum despreading unit (hereinafter referred to as despreading unit) 16 is added thereto. Configure.

Carrier processing unit 1 is composed of a diffusion carrier processing means 13 in addition to the despreading carrier processing means 15, a noise signal supply unit 2 for supplying the noise signal x _W commonly to the carrier processing means 13, 15 . The noise signal supply unit 2 includes an elementary noise signal source 10, a noise source 12, and a transmission medium 11.

The main components of this transmission system are a noise signal supply unit 2, a diffusion module 3, and a despreading module 4.

Transmission media

7 and 11 are any suitable transmission media. Furthermore, when the carrier processing device (carrier processing unit) 1 according to the present embodiment is applied to the transmission system, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 of the carrier processing device 1 is incorporated in the diffusion module 3 of the transmission system, functions to output a spread carrier c _T necessary for transmission of the object, despreading carrier processing means 15 of the carrier processing apparatus 1 is incorporated into the despreading module 4 of the transmission system, necessary for transmission of the object functions to output a despread carrier c _R.

In the above description, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 are shown as a part of the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4, respectively. However, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 are shown. May be configured as being independent of the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4. In this case, for example, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 together with the noise signal supply unit 2 constitute a carrier processing device (carrier processing unit). Specifically, each of the spread carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 performs a processing process in advance separately from the spread spectrum or the reverse spread operation to obtain a spread carrier and a despread carrier. Using the spread carrier and the despread carrier, the spread spectrum operation and the spread spectrum operation described below are performed. This is used, for example, when carrier processing and object transmission are performed independently at different times, such as when information is transmitted as a printed image. In this case, the carrier processing apparatus according to the first embodiment exists independently of the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4. The independent carrier processing apparatus corresponds to the carrier processing unit 1 of FIG. 1, and includes the noise signal supply unit 2, the diffusion carrier processing unit 13, and the despread carrier processing unit 15 as main parts. The configuration and operation of the noise signal supply unit 2, the diffusion carrier processing means 13, and the despread carrier processing means 15 will be described in the description of the present transmission system.

Next, a schematic configuration and operation of the transmission system will be described with reference to FIG.
Containing noise signal source 10 of the noise signal supply unit 2 supplies to the transmission medium 11 containing the noise signal _{x E} (step S101 in FIG. 2). It will be described later containing the noise source 10 and containing the noise signal x _E. The noise source 12, for example, supplies to the transmission medium 11 to collect noise _{x N} antenna (step S102 of FIG. 2). Will be described later also the characteristics of the noise source 12 and the noise signal x _N.
Transmission medium 11, a common noise signal the sum of the supplied noise x _N, in the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 from the original noise signal x _E and the noise source 12 supplied from the original noise signal source 10 as x _W, it is transmitted to the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 (step S103 in FIG. 2).

Diffusion module 3 receives an input of the common noise signal x _W as a noise signal x _T, enter the object as diffuse input object a _T, spread spectrum output object (hereinafter, referred to as diffuse output object) s transmission medium 7 is output.
Here, the object is a general term for objects to be transmitted from the diffusion module to the despreading module. As will be described later, an object may be information, may be a simple repetitive signal that does not represent special information, or may be energy such as electric power. The object will be in various different forms during the transmission process and will be called with different names. Even if they are called with different names, they are the same object whose logical meaning does not change. In this specification, what is simply called an object indicates a logical target to be transmitted and does not indicate a state quantity of a specific part. On the other hand, the state of an object at a specific stage is expressed by an expression with a prefix added to the object, such as a diffuse input object.
Wherein in the operation of the diffusion module 3, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 receives the noise signal x _T, and supplies the spreading means 14 it is processed into a spread carrier c _T (step S104 in FIG. 2). The diffusion carrier c _T is a signal for spread spectrum spreading an input object a _T input to the spreading unit 14.
Spreading means 14, the type and the diffusion carrier c _T and the spread input object a _T, they mutually multiplied to the diffusion output object s and a (step S105 in FIG. 2).

The transmission medium 7 transmits the diffusion output object s to the despreading module 4.
Despreading module 4, similar to the diffusion module 3 receives an input of a common noise signal x _W as a noise signal x _R, spectrum despreading input object the diffusion output object s from diffusion module 3 (hereinafter, despreading input as input objects referred to) h, the spectrum despreading output object (hereinafter, referred to as despread output object) to the a _R.
Among the operations of the despreading module 4, despread carrier processing means 15, like the diffusion carrier processing means 13 of the diffusion module 3 receives the noise signal x _R, processed it to despread carrier c _R To the despreading means 16 (step S107 in FIG. 2). Despreading carrier c _R is a signal for spectral despreading component of spread input object a _T in the despread input object h.
Despreading means 16 inputs the said despread carrier _{c R} and the despread input object h, they are output as the despreading output object _{a R} multiplied by (step S106, S108 in FIG. 2). The despread output object a _R is similar to the diffusion input object a _T input to the diffusion means 14, thereby completing the transmission of the object.

As described above, the noise signal supply unit 2 supplies a common noise signal x _W on both carrier processing means 13 and 15, and the diffusion carrier processing means 13, the despreading carrier processing means 15, the noise signal x _W while working to spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R (including pairs Obujeto broadband property) the balanced irregularity of the cross-correlation of the noise signal x _W by sharing, the spread spectrum carrier c _T in which it said diffusing carrier product of the value of the diffusion carrier c _T regardless of the value whether the value of the despread carrier c _R represents a constant to obtain a pair of said despread carrier. For the product of the value and the value of the despread carrier c _R of the diffusion carrier c _T to obtain pairs of said diffusion carrier and said despread carrier showing a constant regardless of the value will be described later. The rounded and the cross-correlation, and not get aggressive manipulation by conventional manner synchronizer, those obtained by sharing the noise signal x _W.

Here, the noise signal _{x W} is both carrier processing means 13, 15 described with respect to share. The noise signal x _W is a signal shared by one noise signal supply unit 2 that is arranged in common for the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15. The noise signal x _W is those output by containing noise signal sources included in the noise signal supply unit 2, when transmitting the noise signal x _W until both carrier processing means 13 and 15, the the noise signal x _W, in which like noise superimposed in transmitting from the noise and containing noise signal source for generating the internal electric circuit of the noise signal supply unit 2 until both carrier processing means 13 and 15 are superposed . Noise signal supply unit 2 is supplied in common to the noise signal x _W on both carrier processing means 13 and 15 after the various noise exists. So to speak, in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to capture the various noise as a signal component, the time after the various noise is superimposed on the noise signal x _W, i.e. the noise signal supply unit 2 is a noise signal x _W the step of outputting to both carrier processing means 13 and 15, when viewed from both the carrier processing means 13 and 15, at the stage of inputting the noise signal _{x W,} the noise signal _{x W} diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 To share with.
Since the signal going to the spreading module and the signal going to the despreading module are the same signal, the cross-correlation between the signal going to the spreading module and the signal going to the despreading module is a maximum value. That is, a noise signal having a high cross-correlation can be input between the diffusion module and the despreading module. In the embodiment of the present invention, since the cross-correlation shares a noise signal, an autocorrelation between a signal going to the spreading module and a signal going to the despreading module is taken.
As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the diffusion module and the despreading module share a noise signal to make a common signal, thereby cross-correlating signals input as processing materials for the spread carrier and the despread carrier. Keep it high.

In the conventional spread spectrum communication, since a binary spreading code and a binary despreading code are used, the value of the binary spreading code is set to “1”, and the value of the binary despreading code is set to “1”. The reciprocal was set, and the product of these values was set to a constant “1”.
In order to utilize the property that becomes constant when the irregular signal sequences are multiplied, it is necessary to use the spreading code and the despreading code in synchronization. In conventional spread spectrum communication, the transmitting side and the receiving side As a practical method of using the same irregular signal at the receiving side, the receiving side transmits the irregular signal used for the despread code from the transmitting side, or the receiving side prepares the same irregular signal and uses it in synchronization. ing.
Among them, in the method of transmitting the irregular signal used for the despreading code on the receiving side from the transmitting side, a configuration is adopted in which the irregular signal generated by the transmitter side is shared by the transceiver, but the irregular signal used for the despreading code on the receiving side If noise is superimposed during transmission from the transmitter side, the receiver uses an irregular signal different from the irregular signal used by the transmitter for spreading. The identity (cross-correlation) is lost, and as a result, the SN of communication is deteriorated.
Therefore, the configuration of a conventional spread spectrum communication system in which a single pseudo-noise signal is shared between a transmitter and a receiver is such that noise that is superimposed on an irregular signal used for a despread code on the receiving side during transmission from the transmitting side. Does not have the ability to suppress the impact.

In an embodiment of the present invention contrast, the assumption that processing the noise signal including pseudo-noise signal into a spread carrier and despread carrier, covalently noise signal x _W on both carrier processing means 13, 15 ing. According to this embodiment of the present invention, even if noise is superimposed on the noise signal, the noise is taken into the noise signal as one component of the signal, and the noise signal that is the basis for processing both carriers is processed. The cross-correlation is not destroyed, and the spread carrier and the despread carrier generated by the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum spread carrier processing means respectively maintain the cross correlation, and the spread spectrum carrier. And the spectrum despread carrier need not be forcibly synchronized, and a synchronizer becomes unnecessary. In addition, the noise superimposed on the noise signal is also processed into both carriers as a signal component, and the influence of noise superposition can be avoided.

In sharing the noise signal, for example, in an actual application in telecommunications, the electric signal propagates at a finite speed. From the noise signal supply unit 2 to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and to the despread carrier processing means 15 in general conditions of different distances practical applications environment, the temporal difference (position and also the noise signal x _T and the noise signal x _R using the noise signal x _W of the same noise signal supply unit 2 supplies The time difference due to the difference in That is, when there is a difference in distance to reach caused by a difference in position, both signals are accompanied by a time difference. At this time, the cross-correlation value between the two signals becomes lower as the time difference between the two signals becomes larger than the cross-correlation value of the same signal.
Thus, in practical applications environment, diffusing carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15, also supplied with the same noise signal x _W supplies the noise signal supply unit 2, the noise signal x _T the strictly the noise signal x _R not a practical problem as long as it is within the allowable range of tolerance even a decrease in the cross-correlation. But such noise signals x _T and the noise signal x _R, for example, in the case of the telecommunications, certain prescribed distance difference between the noise signal supply unit 2 and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and despreading the carrier processing means 15 By limiting to the range, it can be handled in the same way as there is no time difference in practical use, and their cross-correlation is ideally lower than when there is no time difference, but the maximum of some height The value comes to show.

Thus, if the diffusion carrier processing means 13 referred to herein despreading carrier processing means are to share the noise signal x _W, on the assumption that processing the noise signal into a spread carrier and despread carrier the is intended to mean, and the noise signal x _T and the noise signal x _R and defined difference until no longer be regarded as practically the same and within the limits that the between that occur in practical applications environment, the As a result, the cross-correlation is to maintain a high state above a certain level.
In addition, the for the default or more states, the transmission of the cross-correlation value between the despread carrier c _R diffusion carrier processing means 13 spread carrier c _T despreading carrier processing means 15 that processing is processing spread input object a _T It is determined individually based on an allowable value that does not impede the process, and is not uniquely determined. The setting of the state equal to or higher than the predetermined value is the same as when the transmission power is set according to the distance between the transmission source and the reception destination in the conventional case where information transmission is performed, for example, and cannot be determined uniquely.

Next, regarding the detailed operation of each part of the transmission system, the principle of object transmission will be described first, followed by the operation of supplying spread carriers and despread carriers.

The principle of object transmission is a mechanism in which the diffusion input object a _T input to the diffusion module 3 is output in a similar manner to the despread output object a _R of the despread module 4 that is an object transmission output.
Further, the supply operation of the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, noise by supplying the noise signal x _W in common to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15, for sharing the noise signal x _W signal while processing the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R of balanced irregularity of the cross-correlation value between the despread carrier c _R of the diffusion carrier c _T regardless of the value whether the spread spectrum carrier and the product of the values and the spread carrier c _T showing a constant to obtain a pair of said despread carrier c _R, and their diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, a diffuser means 14 despreading means 16 It is a mechanism to supply to each.

This transmission system can be applied in a wide range of fields, but in actual applications, operating conditions that require some kind of characteristic compensation, etc., occur in each component according to the characteristics specific to the actual application environment. .
For example, in telecommunications applications using real-time signal processing, it may be necessary to compensate for propagation delays in signal processing circuits and transmission media by means of spreading carrier processing means 13 and despreading carrier processing means 15, but printing by batch processing may occur. In application of object transmission using images, such compensation of data processing time may not be necessary.
Here, an operation under ideal environmental conditions will be described as an operation common to all applications of the transmission system, and various conditions that need to be considered in each application field will be described later.

First, the principle of object transmission will be described from the operation of the diffusion module 3. A diffusion input object _aT is input to the diffusion module 3. The spread input object a _T is a specific object of transmission that is the purpose of this transmission system. The spread input object a _T is a signal whose spectrum is distributed in a limited frequency band equal to or lower than a prescribed frequency. This is the same as the case of an information input signal to be spread in a conventional spread spectrum communication system.
For example, the spread input object a _T is a signal whose spectrum is distributed in a limited frequency band. For example, a signal obtained by performing primary modulation of a primary carrier with information is used as the spread input object a _T. For example, a fixed single frequency sine wave is used for the primary carrier, and for example, BPSK (Biphase Shift Keying) is used for the primary modulation.
Such a diffuse input object a _T is generally an analog signal that takes a continuous value in a certain continuous range. The specific configuration of the primary modulation does not have the characteristics of the embodiment of the present invention, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

In the following description of the transmission system, when occupied frequency bandwidths of various signals are indicated, unless otherwise specified, the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread input object a _T used in the system configuration in that case is used as an evaluation criterion. , the wideband signal, and an indication that a signal of a wide occupied frequency bandwidth for the occupied bandwidth of the spread input object a _T.

The input diffusion input object a _T is supplied to the diffusion means 14. The diffusion means 14 multiplies the diffusion input object a _T by the diffusion carrier c _T to obtain a diffusion output object s.
This operation is shown by the following equation.
s (u) = a _T (u) * c _T (u) (Formula 1)
The spread input object a _T is a signal in which the upper limit frequency of the band in which the spectrum is distributed is limited. On the other hand, the spread carrier c _T is a signal having an arbitrary value in which the spectrum is distributed in a frequency band up to a frequency much higher than the upper limit frequency of the band of the spread input object a _T (hereinafter, this spread input object). A state in which the spectrum is distributed in a frequency band up to a much higher frequency than the upper limit frequency of the band of the object a _T is referred to as “object broadband”).
This is similar to the case where the conventional spread spectrum communication system uses a signal having an occupied frequency bandwidth that is much wider than the occupied frequency bandwidth of the information input signal as a spreading code. Further, in a conventional spread spectrum communication system, binary signals having positive and negative binary values that are equal to each other instead of zero are used for the spread code and the despread code.
However, in this transmission system, the spreading carrier and the despreading carrier may take arbitrary values, and thus an analog signal may be used. A specific processing method of the diffusion carrier will be described later.

And to such a diffusion carrier c _T pairs object wideband of the signal, for example, a signal of the spread carrier c _T, with respect to a change in state of the spread input object a _T, irregular high conversion and high frequency It is to change things with gender.
The high change rate and the change with high frequency irregularity are, for example, several tenths to several thousandths of the repetition period of the primary carrier of the spread input object a _T subjected to the primary modulation. In this period, the previous state is a change that becomes another state that is irrelevant or seemingly irrelevant.
Irregularity means that there is no law or regularity in the change pattern of the signal, or it is not apparent, and the next state after a certain state is unrelated and unpredictable or apparently irrelevant. This is another property that can be said to be unpredictable. Specifically, for example, there is a property indicating a low value that can be regarded as having no autocorrelation at all or about a section of the primary carrier repetition period of the first-order modulated spread input object a _T or longer, or no practical correlation. Hereinafter, this property is referred to as irregularity or irregularity.

The following equation shows an example of the autocorrelation function R _CT-CT of the spread carrier c _T.
The property having no autocorrelation means that the autocorrelation function of the signal has a maximum value when τ = 0 and zero when τ ≠ 0, and the shape of the graph is an impulse.
R _CT-CT (τ) = lim _L [(2 * L) ⁻¹ * ∫ _L {c _T (w) * c _T (w−τ)} dw] (Formula 2)
Here, _{Ｌ L} dw indicates a definite integral of the interval from −L to + L (where L> 0) with respect to the variable w, and lim _L [] makes L infinite for the function in parentheses. The limit value shall be indicated.
In Equation 2, the integration interval is assumed to be infinitely wide. However, in the case of a signal whose integrand changes frequently at the high change rate, in practice, the primary carrier repetition of the diffusion input object a _T subjected to the primary modulation is performed. A section having a length of about a cycle or longer can be regarded as equivalent to an infinite region.
In addition, the irregularity is not only a completely irregular signal having no periodicity nor a law, but also a signal having a periodicity generated by a certain law, such as a pseudo noise, for example. This includes what can be considered completely irregular under the conditions.
The autocorrelation function of a function that can be considered completely irregular has a maximum value at τ = 0, and for τ near zero, as the absolute value increases, the absolute value of the autocorrelation function rapidly decreases toward zero, The value of the autocorrelation function for τ other than 0 and the vicinity thereof exhibits a characteristic that the absolute value is remarkably smaller than the value of the autocorrelation function for τ in the vicinity of zero and becomes almost zero.
In the description of ideal behavior, the property of irregularity is completely irregular, ie its autocorrelation function shows a maximum value at τ = 0 and zero for all other τs. It will be explained as being. In the present specification, the state indicated by the autocorrelation number of this completely irregular function is described as having no autocorrelation or having no autocorrelation.

By the way, the multiplication operation shown in Formula 1 performed by the spreading means 14 is an operation of multiplying the spread carrier c _T and the spread input object a _T arithmetically, and in terms of telecommunications, the spread carrier c _T is multiplied by the spread input object. a This is a so-called modulation operation in which balanced modulation is performed at _T.
Diffusion input object a _T whose frequency bands are limited to spectrum distribution in this operation, when multiplied by a diffusion carrier c _T having irregularities against the object broadband performance, innumerable linear constituting the diffusion carrier c _T Each spectrum has a spectrum spread of the spread input object a _T around the spectrum, and as a result, a spread output object s that can be regarded as a signal having the spectrum spread of the spread carrier c _T is output. Is done.
In other words, the spread input object a _T has its spectrum spread to the extent of the spectrum of the spread carrier c _T and is output as the spread output object s.
Such spreading means 14 is a multiplication functional element, and both the spread carrier and the object may be analog signals. Specifically, the spreading means 14 includes, for example, an analog multiplier or a double balanced modulator (DBM: Double). Use Balanced Mixer).
The diffusion module 3 outputs the diffusion output object s toward the despreading module 4 to the transmission medium 7.

Next, the transmission medium 7 will be described. The transmission medium 7 is a medium for transmitting the diffusion output object s output from the diffusion module 3 to the despreading module 4.
Conventional spread spectrum communication techniques have been used primarily in wireless communications. It is also known that the conventional spread spectrum communication technique is used for underwater communication using sound waves. In these cases, the transmission medium 7 is a radio wave or sound wave propagation space.
Since this transmission system can also be applied to wireless communication and underwater acoustic wave communication as a kind of spread spectrum communication technology, the transmission medium 7 may be a radio wave or acoustic wave propagation space.
However, the present transmission system can be applied not only to them but also to object transmission on various transmission media. This transmission system can also be used for object transmission using, for example, objects, states, substances, and energy supply paths provided for other existing purposes. This is a transmission medium for purposes different from the original, for example, information between devices or within devices, existing electrical wiring provided for the purpose of energy transmission or security, light of lighting, pressure state of liquid or gas, etc. That is. The transmission system can also be used for information transmission using an object that is an electric conductor but is not a so-called electric circuit element. In this case, for example, a steel frame forming a structural body of a building, a vehicle skeleton or outer shell, a pressure vessel or a pipe, a track, a steel cable, or a device housing structure is a transmission medium.
In addition, the present transmission system can be applied to the field of transmission of objects that generally do not prefer to be accompanied by radiation of electrical energy or concentration in a certain frequency band. In this case, for example, the human body is the transmission medium. Furthermore, this transmission system can be applied not only to telecommunications, but also to the field of printing, for example. Thus, the transmission medium 7 is not limited to an electric signal transmission medium, and any appropriate medium may be used. These application examples will be described later with some examples.

The diffusion output object s output from the diffusion module 3 is transmitted to the despreading module 4 via the transmission medium 7. From the ideal environmental conditions, it is assumed that neither phase change such as delay nor attenuation occurs in the transmission.

Subsequently, the operation of the despreading module 4 will be described. The despreading module 4 inputs a signal on the transmission medium 7 that transmits the diffusion output object s from the spreading module 3 to the despreading module 4 as a despreading input object h.

In an ideal operating environment, the despread input object h is the diffuse output object s, and their relationship is as follows.
h (u) = s (u) (Formula 3)
Despreading module 4, in the despreading means 16, as shown in the following equation, the despread input object h by multiplying the despread carrier c _R, and despread output object a _R.
a _R (u) = h (u) * c _R (u) (Formula 4)
Here, the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R corresponding to an arbitrary u is a combination of a pair of signals is a constant k _C of a not zero defined Multiplying.
Hereinafter, referred to as relationship forming the spread spectrum value whether the diffusion carrier c _T value and the despread carrier c value pair the product is a relationship showing constants of _R, regardless of the carrier. A pair of signals in a combination of relationships forming a pair is referred to as a pair of signals. This relationship is shown in the following equation.
c _T (u) * c _R (u) = k _C (≠ 0, constant) (Formula 5)
The constant k _C may be any value other than zero and may be positive or negative, but will be described below as being a positive value.

Despreading carrier c _R is a signal having the same paired object Wideband and diffusion carrier c _T. This is also similar to the case where the conventional spread spectrum communication system uses a signal having an occupied frequency bandwidth that is much wider than the occupied frequency bandwidth of the information input signal for the despread code. Further, in a conventional spread spectrum communication system, binary signals having positive and negative binary values that are equal to each other instead of zero are used for the spread code and the despread code. However, as described above, in this transmission system, the spread carrier and the despread carrier may take arbitrary values, and thus an analog signal may be used.
Such a despread carrier c _R is a signal with a broad object-to-object characteristic. For example, as with the spread carrier c _T , the de-spread carrier c _R is not frequently changed with a high rate of change and a high frequency with respect to a change in the state of the spread input object a _T. It is to change with regularity. Specific processing method of the despread carrier c _R will be described later.

On the other hand, the multiplication operation shown in Expression 4 performed by the despreading means 16 is an arithmetic multiplication operation and a demodulation operation in terms of telecommunications, like the spreading means 14 of the spreading module 3. In the multiplication operation of the despreading means 16, the despread carrier c _R may be an analog signal. Specifically, for example, an analog multiplier or a double balanced modulator (DBM) is used.

Although the operations performed by the spreading means 14 of the spreading module 3 and the despreading means 16 of the despreading module 4 have been described as so-called balanced modulation using a multiplication function element and demodulation thereof, functions used for the spreading means 14 and the despreading means 16 Elements are not limited to arithmetic multiplication functions.
The functional elements used in the spreading means 14 and the despreading means 16 are, for example, an inverting amplifier and an analog switch, and a positive and negative binary spread carrier that is not equal to zero but equal to a spread input object or a despread input object or a reverse spread object. A simple configuration known from the prior art equivalent to multiplying a diffusion carrier may be used. However, here, the functional elements used for the spreading means 14 and the despreading means 16 will be described as arithmetic multipliers, and the spreading operation and the despreading operation will be described as balanced modulation.

Formula 4 can be expanded as follows when Formula 3 and Formula 1 are applied.
a _R (u) = s (u) * c _R (u)
= A _T (u) * c _T (u) * c _R (u) (Formula 6)
Further, when Formula 5 is applied to Formula 6, the despread output object a _R is expressed as follows.
a _R (u) = a _T (u) * k _C (Formula 7)
The right side of Equation 7 indicates that the diffusion module 3 is in a proportional relationship with the diffusion input object a _T to be transmitted, and a signal in which the components of this relationship are connected has a waveform pattern of the diffusion input object a _T. The shape is similar to the pattern.
With that this despreading module spreading module 3 despread output object a _R despreading operation performed by got a pattern of the input spread input object a _T and similar shape to that fulfilled the transmission object.

As described above, according to the configuration of the transmission system, the spreading input object a _T that is in an irregular state in the transmission process is obtained by giving the characteristic of Formula 5 to the spreading carrier c _T and the despreading carrier c _R. and outputs it as despread output object a _R to restore the state of the similarity to the original waveform, those capable of transmitting object.

As described above, the transmission principle of the object by this transmission system is that the spread input object in which the spectrum of the spread input object is spread by multiplying the spread input object in the limited occupied frequency band by the spread carrier having irregularity with wide bandwidth to the object. By transmitting the object on the transmission medium and multiplying the signal received from the transmission medium by the despreading carrier having a wide band property and irregularity to the object that is a paired signal with the spreading carrier, the component of the spreading input object is originally limited. The object is transmitted by returning to the state where the spectrum is distributed in the occupied frequency band. This operation is a spread spectrum communication operation similarly to the conventional spread spectrum communication operation.

Then, the supply operation | movement of the spreading | diffusion carrier by the carrier process part 1 and a de-spreading carrier is demonstrated.
Diffusing carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R used for the transmission system to spread spectrum and spectrum despreading the object to be transmitted, as described above, versus the object with irregularities in broadband performance, it multiplies the zero It is a signal that forms a pair of combinations that are not specified constants.
At this time, the diffusion carrier c _T and the despread carrier c _R is may be those take any value, the pattern is also intended may be arbitrary. That is, the diffusion carrier c _T and the despread carrier c _R are those may be analog signals such as white noise which is said to completely irregular.

The conventional spread spectrum information communication system uses a positive and negative binary PN code having a non-zero absolute value that is not zero but equal to a wide band to the object for spreading codes and despreading codes.
The carrier processing unit 1 is not only such a binary signal but also any other binary signal, an object having a wide band and irregularity, or an arbitrary ternary or more multivalued discrete value. signal having irregularities in the object broadband performance is also intended to be used in spreading the carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R. Further, in the transmission of several different objects simultaneously performed in the same transmission medium 7, in order not to interfere with each other, a pair of diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R to be used is not only to different patterns, different objects It is assumed that there is no cross-correlation between spread carriers used for transmission and between despread carriers.

In the spreading carrier and despreading carrier supply operation, a spreading carrier and a despreading carrier that satisfy all these requirements are created and supplied to the corresponding spreading means and despreading means. In other words, the spreading carrier and despreading carrier supply operations form a pair that has a large number of patterns with no cross-correlation and has irregularity with wide bandwidth to the object, and becomes a constant that is not zero when multiplied by each other. A spreading carrier and a despreading carrier are created and supplied to the corresponding spreading means and despreading means.

Supply operation of the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R is the noise signal supply unit 2, starts with elementary noise signal source 10 supplies the hydrogen noise signal x _E to the transmission medium 11. Containing the noise signal x _E is irregular signal having irregularities against the object wideband be present in free space, an analog signal, a binary or multi-level code sequence or signal combination thereof, noise present in the free space , Noise mixed in the transmission medium, noise-like signal, or a combination of these. Here, the noise-like signal is a signal similar to noise.
The transmission medium 11 transmits the supplied containing noise signal x _E, as a common noise signal x _W diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15.

Diffusing carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15, to share the noise signal x _W, respectively the noise signal x _T from the transmission medium 11 of the carrier processing unit _1, input as x _R.

Transmission by said transmission medium 11, since an ideal environment, the noise signal _{x W} is as noise signals _x T, and _{x R.} The term “as it is” means, for example, that they are exactly the same without any occurrence of phase difference or attenuation. The relationship between x _W , x _T and x _R at that time is as follows.
x _T (u) = x _W (u) (Formula 8)
x _R (u) = x _W (u) (Equation 9)
That is, the noise signals x _T and x _R input from the noise signal supply unit 2 to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 are transmitted to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 by the transmission medium 11. is identical to the noise signal x _W supplied to the common in contrast, it is the same with prime noise signal x _E which containing noise signal source 10 is supplied to the transmission medium 11.
As a result, the prime noise signal source 10 containing the noise signal x _E which is fed to the transmission medium 11 has irregularities against objects broadband performance, the noise signal x _{_W,} x _T, x _R also versus object broadband property It will be irregular.

As described above, transmission in which the signal at the transmission destination has irregularity with broadband property to object is referred to as transmission that inherits irregularity property with broadband property to object.

The transmission medium 11 of the carrier processing unit 1 transmits the noise signals x _T and x _R having irregularity with a wide bandwidth to the object to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 by transmission inheriting the irregularity with the broadband property to the object. And supplied to the despread carrier processing means 15.
The diffusion carrier processing unit 13 and the despreading carrier processing unit 15 of the carrier processing unit 1 input the noise signals x _T and x _R as processing materials to the diffusion carrier c _T and the despreading carrier c _R.

The diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 have means for performing a so-called mapping conversion operation that outputs a unique value for any input. The means for performing the mapping transformation can be expressed mathematically as a function. When the functions representing the mapping transformation are set as f and g, the operations of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 are as follows. Indicated.
c _T (u) = f (x _T (u)) (Formula 10)
c _R (u) = g (x _R (u)) (Formula 11)
For the mapping transformations f and g, for example, an arbitrary monotonically changing function is used, and an example thereof is shown below.
f (x) = x + 1 (where x ≧ 0)
= X-1 (where x <0) (Formula 12)
g (x) = 1 / (x + 1) (where x ≧ 0)
= 1 / (x-1) (where x <0) (Formula 13)

According to the conversion of

Equations

12 and 13, the output is uniquely determined for any input value.
The input / output signals of such conversion are in some kind of causal relationship even though the degree of change is different. That is, when a change occurs in the output, there is some change in the input that causes the change corresponding to the change in the output.
At that time, the state appearing in the output corresponds to the value of the input that uniquely determined the output, and therefore has an unpredictable irregularity that is completely unrelated to what the input takes next. Although the output takes a value different from the input, the next value has an unpredictable irregularity that is completely unrelated to the previous value.
That is, by the mapping conversion, the input signal having irregularity is output as a signal having another variation pattern irregularity.
As described above, according to the conversion in which the output value is uniquely determined for an arbitrary input value, the input signal having irregularity is processed into an irregularity signal having another change pattern corresponding to the change of the input signal. It can be done. In the following, processing an irregular input signal into an irregular signal having another change pattern corresponding to a change in the input signal is described as inheriting the irregularity.

The diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 of the carrier processing unit 1 perform the diffusion carrier c _T having irregularity by processing inheriting the irregularity of the noise signals x _T and x _R input as processing materials. and creating a despread carrier c _R.
As described above, since the mapping conversion is processing that inherits the irregularity of the noise signals x _T and x _R input as processing materials, if the processing is used, the noise signal having no autocorrelation is changed to the input noise signal. A signal without autocorrelation of different patterns can be obtained. That is, according to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 for performing the map conversion, from the noise signals x _T and x _R having no autocorrelation, the diffusion carrier c _T and the despreading carrier c _R having no autocorrelation. Will be obtained.

The form of the autocorrelation function expressed by Equation 2 is an impulse shape that has a maximum value only when τ = 0 and is always zero when τ ≠ 0 in a function without autocorrelation.
According to Wiener Theorem, the power spectral density distribution function of an irregular process is given by the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the irregular process. For this Fourier transform, literature: Fast Fourier transform pp7 (E. Oran Bringham, translated by Miyagawa / Imai, published by Science and Technology Publishers), and irregular signal theory pp86 (written by YW Lee, translated by Miyagawa / Imai, Tokyo) (Published by the University Press).
As described above, the noise signals x _T , x _R , the spread carrier c _T, and the despread carrier c _R are irregular processes having no autocorrelation, and thus the autocorrelation functions are all in an impulse shape. According to the above theorem, the power spectral density of the noise signals x _T , x _R , spread carrier c _T , and despread carrier c _R is given by Fourier transform of a function of its impulse shape. Here, since the Fourier transform of the impulse shape function is a function in which a certain level spreads infinitely, the power spectral density distribution function of the noise signals x _T , x _R , the diffusion carrier c _T , and the despread carrier c _R Can be said to be infinitely wide and uniform. This is because the noise signals x _T and x _R are signals having a broadband property against an object by transmission that inherits the properties of the elementary noise signals, and in addition, they are processed spread carriers in which irregularities are inherited. It is shown that c _T and despread carrier c _R are also signals having object broadband characteristics.

In this way, by performing a process that inherits irregularity in the noise signals x _T and x _R that have irregularity with a wide band property with respect to an object by a conversion in which an output value is uniquely determined for an arbitrary input value, it is intended that can be assumed that its having a processing which is the output diffusion carrier c _T and despreading carrier c _R pairs object broadband property. In the following description, processing a signal with a broad object bandwidth by processing that inherits irregularity, and setting the output of the signal to have a broadband property with respect to the object will be referred to as processing that inherits the broadband property against the object. The expression “broadband” used in the description of this transmission system not only means that the spectrum distribution region is much wider than the occupied frequency band of the spread input object in which the spectrum distribution is limited to a certain narrow region. As shown in Fig. 5, it also means that the signal is irregularly low in autocorrelation so low that it can be regarded as having no autocorrelation or practically no autocorrelation.

The carrier processing unit 1 performs processing for inheriting the irregularity and the broadband property against the object to the noise signals x _T and x _R having irregularity with the broadband property against the object, thereby providing the broadband property and irregularity against the object. and it supplies the spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R with.

Next, in the conversion performed by the diffusion carrier processing unit 13 and the despreading carrier processing unit 15 so that the output value is uniquely determined for an arbitrary input value, the condition of Expression 5 is satisfied for the arbitrary same input. This will be described.
This component of diffusion for carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, when despreading input object h and despreading carrier c _R are multiplied by despreading means 16, spread carrier c _T in despreading input object h If, despreading carrier c _R, at any point in the flow direction of each of the signals, is used to to satisfy the condition that the signal pairs shown in equation 5.
In an ideal operating environment, component of the spread carrier c _T of the despread input in object h is identical to the diffusion carrier c _T diffusion carrier processing means 13, the despreading carrier c multiplying said despread input object h _R and the spread carrier c _T are signals generated by processing common noise signals x _T and x _R that can be regarded as the same supplied from a common noise signal x _W.
At this time, since the functions f and g shown in Expression 10 and Expression 11 satisfy Expression 14 for w having an arbitrary value, common noise signals x _T and x _R that can be regarded as the same are used instead of w. Equation 15 also holds.
f (w) * g (w) = k _C (Formula 14)
f (x _T (u)) * g (x _R (u)) = k _C (Formula 15)
Same noise signal x _T, x _R from satisfying this condition was created using the processing function f and g that inherit irregularities pair object wideband diffuser carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R is not In addition to the regularity and the broadband property to the object, the conditions for the paired signals shown in Formula 5 are satisfied.

Expressions

12 and 13 described above are examples of this conversion function.

Thus, the supplying operation of the spread carrier and despread carrier, the prime noise signal x _E with irregularities containing noise signal source 10 against the object broadband performance supplies despread carrier processing and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 relative means 15, supplies a common noise signal x _W respectively in transmission to inherit irregularities against objects broadband performance, diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15, the noise signal x _W is input as a noise signal x _T , x _R , and the condition of Equation 5 is satisfied by the conversion in which the output value of the input signal is uniquely determined for any same input and inherits the object broadband property and irregularity. it is intended to be processed to diffuse carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R of the pair. A method for creating a plurality of patterns of spread carriers and despread carriers without cross-correlation will be described later.

Next, the noise signal supply unit 2 will be described. First described the noise signal _{x W} and containing the noise signal _{x E.}
As already mentioned, the carrier processing unit 1 supplies the spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R having irregularities against the object broadband performance. Characteristics with irregularities against objects broadband performance of the diffusing carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R is the processing properties of spreading carrier processing unit and the despread carrier processing unit, the noise signal x _T to the processing _material, x It is obtained by inheriting the property of _R with respect to object wideband and irregularity. For this reason, the noise signals x _T and x _R need to have irregularity with a broadband property against an object. Therefore, the carrier processing unit 1 supplies noise signals x _T and x _R having irregularity with a wide band property to the object to the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means.
Furthermore, the characteristic of the noise signals x _T and x _R having irregularity in the wide band property with respect to the object has irregularity in the transmission characteristic of the transmission medium 11 and the irregularity in the noise signal x _{W to be} transmitted with respect to the broadband object. Obtain by inheriting properties. Therefore, the noise signal x _W, it is necessary to have irregularities against objects broadband performance. Thus, the noise signal x _W carrier processing unit 1 is handled has irregularities against objects broadband performance.
The noise signals x _W , x _T , and x _R may be arbitrary signals as long as they satisfy the condition of irregularity with respect to the object broadband. In other words, the noise signals x _W , x _T , and x _R may be analog signals having arbitrary values having a wide band-to-object property and irregularities.

Noise signal x _W is the elementary noise signal x _E is the source for supplying the containing noise signal source 10. Characteristics with irregularities against objects broadband performance of the noise signal x _W is obtained from the characteristics having irregularities against the object broadband performance of the unit noise signal x _E. Therefore, containing the noise signal x _E should have irregularities against objects broadband performance. Therefore, containing the noise signal x _E carrier processing unit 1 handles shall have irregularities against objects broadband performance.
Further, containing the noise signal x _E is meet the condition irregularities against objects broadband performance, the value to be taken is quite may be any signal. That is, containing the noise signal x _E has irregularities against objects broadband performance are those may be analog signals take any value.

Since the noise signals x _W , x _T , and x _R may be arbitrary irregular signals having arbitrary values, a plurality of elementary noise signal sources 10 for supplying a signal that becomes the noise signal x _W are provided and supplied. a plurality of elementary noise signal _{x Ei (i = 1,2, ...} N E) to those may be a noise signal _{x W} what was appropriate combination.
Appropriate combination means that a plurality of elementary noise signals x _Ei (i = 1, 2,... N _E ) are combined into one noise signal x by some method, for example, arithmetic operation, logical operation, relational operation, or a combination thereof. _To be synthesized into _W.

For example, in the case of telecommunication using an electric signal, the noise signal supply unit 2 is composed of a plurality of elementary noise signal sources 10 that supply irregular electric signals and a transmission medium 11 using electric wires, The elementary noise signal x _Ei (i = 1, 2,... N _E ) is simultaneously output to the transmission medium 11, and the elementary noise signals are superimposed on each other on the transmission medium 11 to form a single noise signal x _W. The operation of supplying to the means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 corresponds to that.
In that case, the noise signal _{x W} noise signal _{x W} is hydrogen noise signal _{x Ei (i = 1,2, ...} N E) from the _{N E} number of elementary noise signal source 10 combines are shown below.
x _W (u) = Σ _NE {x _Ei (u)} (Formula 16)
However, sigma _NE {} indicates that the total adds _{N E} th element 1 in {}.

What combination method is used when a plurality of elementary noise signal sources 10 are provided and the noise signal x _W is supplied by appropriately combining a plurality of elementary noise signals x _Ei (i = 1, 2,... N _E ). Is optional. Further, all the elementary noise signals x _Ei (i = 1, 2,... N _E ) do not have to be broadband with respect to the object or do not have to be irregular. However, the noise signal x _W resulting is necessary to have irregularities against objects broadband performance. At this time, the noise signal x _W so good a signal having exactly the irregularities take any value, a plurality of elementary noise signal supplied by a plurality of elementary noise signal source 10 x _{Ei (i} = 1,2, ... N _E ) No relationship such as synchronization is required between them.
Here, a plurality of elementary noise signals x _Ei (i = 1, 2,... N _E ) are described as being superimposed on each other due to the characteristics of the transmission medium 11 and summed by arithmetic addition.

Next, a specific elementary noise signal source 10 will be described. Containing the noise signal x _E, so good in a totally random signal, for example, those may be natural noise. The natural noise referred to here is, for example, thermal noise generated when a current is passed through a semiconductor element such as a resistor, a vacuum tube, or a Zener diode in the case of telecommunications applications.
This thermal noise is caused by the irregular movement of the innumerable electrons and nuclei that make up the device, so there is no periodicity or law, and it is impossible to predict what value the waveform pattern will take at the next moment. It is said to be close to ideal white noise that exhibits irregularity and whose spectrum is uniformly distributed over a wide band.
By using a plurality of such elements and adding together a plurality of thermal noises generated by different elements, the property can be made closer to ideal white noise.

Such thermal noise, the principle of spread spectrum communication techniques, is said to be one of the ideal signal as a diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, unlike the conventional reference signal internal system shown in FIG. 40 In a spread spectrum communication system having a simple synchronizer, it cannot be used because the periodicity of the spreading code is required for synchronization acquisition.
However, the carrier processing unit 1 according to this embodiment, since the periodicity in the prime noise signal x _E also regularity also not required, to use a signal close to such an ideal white noise based on the noise signal x _E It can be done.
A signal close to the ideal white noise by using the prime noise signal x _E, the property having irregularities against the object broadband performance of the noise signal x _W, the wider band or, in a more uniform spectral distribution, Alternatively, if it is possible to those with higher irregularity, the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R having irregularities against the object broadband performance, more broadband or, more uniform spectrum It can be distributed or have a higher irregularity.
Further, for example, in the case of application to print, a pattern woven natural sequence of paper fibers, those containing noise signal source 10 may be used as containing noise signal x _E supplied. This is also said to have irregularity with neither periodicity nor law, which is generally said to be that there is no fiber arrangement that is the same as two.

On the other hand, in which the noise source 12 supplies a signal other than the prime noise signal source 10 provided in intended purpose of supplying hydrogen noise signal x _E may serve as elements of the noise signal x _W. For example, entering accidentally from the outside of the carrier processing unit 1 to the transmission medium 11, external noise containing the noise signal source 10 is superimposed on the element noise signal x _E supplies is also good as a component of the noise signal x _W.
Such external noise is, for example, in the case of telecommunications applications, signals from other channels that perform multiplex communication by sharing the transmission medium, equipment and wiring in the vicinity of the transmission medium, lightning, electrostatic discharge, etc. This is so-called noise that intrudes due to a simple induction phenomenon.
The transmission medium 11 itself is to generate internal noise containing the noise signal source 10 is superimposed on the element noise signal x _E supplies is also good as a component of the noise signal x _W. Such internal noise is, for example, thermal noise of a conductor used in the transmission medium in the case of telecommunications applications. A signal for transmitting information from a transmitter of a conventional spread spectrum communication to a receiver is a signal having irregularity. The spread output object s transmitted from the spread module to the despread module in the information transmission system to which the present transmission system is applied is also a signal having irregularity. In addition, a signal in the process in which the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means of the carrier processing unit of this transmission system process from a noise signal to a diffusion carrier and a despread carrier is also a signal having irregularity. Carrier processing unit 1 according to this embodiment, signals having these irregularities is also a good thing as an element of the noise signal x _W.
Further, containing the noise signal source 10 described above is superposed on the prime noise signal x _E supplies, and noise from internal or external, signals and for transmitting information toward the receiver from the transmitter of the conventional spread spectrum communication, The spread output object s transmitted from the diffusion module to the despreading module in the information transmission system to which this transmission system is applied, and the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means of the carrier processing section of this transmission system are generated from the noise signal. A signal in the process of processing into a spread carrier or a despread carrier may be composed of a plurality of different ones or all of them.

A manifest containing noise signal source 10, external noise, or the difference between the internal noise, those stated to containing noise signal source 10 for supplying a hydrogen noise signal x _E be part of the noise signal x _W While the noise signal supply unit 2 is intentionally provided for the purpose, the external noise or the internal noise is a signal supply unit that cannot be controlled by the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment for the purpose of supplying a noise signal. There is a point.
The external noise, internal noise generated by the transmission medium itself, or signals generated by other devices are generally recognized and handled as obstructing the operation of the device, but the carrier processing unit according to the embodiment of the present invention in 1, but the so-called noise may be one containing the noise signal x _E equivalent signal. For this purpose, for example, the transmission medium 11 may be provided with an antenna, or further provided with an amplifier or a receiver, so as to actively take in noise. The noise x _N in such a signal, but are displayed separately for convenience in containing noise signal x _E, logical sense signal as a component of the noise signal is exactly the same. Hereinafter emerges also cases dealing with noise entering from the environment inside and outside the presence of the transmission system as a noise x _N rather than containing the noise signal x _E, but in this transmission system, the diffusion module and the despreading module diffusion as a result as long as it has suitable properties to the workpiece carrier and despread the carrier, the noise x _N and containing the noise signal x _E in which handled the same as such.
Thus, the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment, generally handled is recognized as one that should be eliminated to inhibit operation of the device, what is commonly referred to as a noise, spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R Used as a valuable signal for processing materials.

Therefore, the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment, a signal of value that work material to diffuse carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, the same as the one that the seemingly called noise, clarity as a signal In order to show that the signal has a special purpose, the word “signal” is added to the noise and it is called a noise signal.
The carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment does not require regularity at all for the spread carrier and the despread carrier to be supplied for the transmission of the object, and the noise signal having the broadband property against the object which may take any value. since the x _W is a processed material, be superimposed inside and outside of the noise of the carrier processing unit 1 is the noise signal x _W, the noise signal x _W is inhibited the operation of the carrier processing unit 1 as long as a pair object broadband property There is nothing to do.
That is, the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment operates by accepting the noise signal, even if there is interference such as unintentional noise superimposition that accidentally intrudes from inside and outside, as being worthy of a part of the noise signal. It has a property that can be called noise receptivity.

In FIG. 1, noise that is not intended by the carrier processing unit 1 entering from the inside and outside is indicated as x _N , and its signal source is indicated as a noise source 12.
In the description already containing noise signals mentioned, characteristic having irregularities against the object broadband performance of the noise signal x _W, said obtained from the characteristic having irregularities against the object broadband performance of the unit noise signal x _E Strictly speaking, however, it is obtained from the characteristics of irregularity in the wideband nature of the object noise signal and noise. Therefore, the carrier processing unit 1 according to this embodiment, it is necessary to signal containing the noise signal x _E and the noise x _N is superimposed is assumed to have irregularities against objects broadband performance. However, at that time, all containing the noise signal or any noise is a factor of the noise signal x _W is, without a counter object broadband performance, or those may not those having irregularities. However, the noise signal x _W resulting is necessary to have irregularities against objects broadband performance.

Next, the transmission medium 11 will be described. Transmission medium 11 is a transmission medium for transmitting the noise signal x _W and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 to the despreading carrier processing means 15. Although the purpose of the signal to be transmitted is different, an arbitrary medium may be used in the same manner as the transmission medium 7. In addition, a spread output object of spread spectrum communication in which the signal transmitted by the transmission medium 11 is a signal having an arbitrary irregularity and the signal transmitted by the transmission medium 7 is an irregular signal having noise resistance. Therefore, if other circumstances permit, the transmission medium 11 and the transmission medium 7 may be the same as shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 will be described later.
And containing noise signal source 10 supplies containing noise signal x _E, the noise x _N entering from any noise source and internal parts of the carrier processing unit 1, and overlap each other in the characteristics of the transmission medium 11 on the transmission medium 11 It becomes one of the noise signal _{x W.}
The noise signal x _W is transmitted to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 as a common noise signal despread carrier processing means 15 and the diffusion carrier processing means 13.
From the ideal environmental conditions, it is assumed that neither phase change such as delay nor attenuation occurs in the transmission. That is, the noise signal x _W as it is the noise signal x _T to type diffusion carrier processing means 13 to the despreading carrier processing means _15, x _R, and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading module carrier processing means 15 the same noise signal Enter.

Subsequently, the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means will be described.
Carrier processing unit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R is a signal or despreads or spread the spectrum of the spread input object a _T for transmitting, diffusing carrier processing means processed based on the noise signal x _W which is supplied in common to 13 and despreading carrier processing means 15.
A direct purpose of the processing, the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, and we shall have irregularities against objects broadband performance, when multiplied shown in Equation 5 of the two signal zero It is to make a pair of signals that have no specified constant, and to make available many different patterns that are not cross-correlated with each other.
At this time, the nature of pair objects broadband property and irregularity of the spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, as described above, the property of having irregularities machining process against the object broadband performance of the noise signal It is obtained by making it inherit.
Specific various processing methods described below are those that can inherit a property with irregularities against objects broadband performance of the noise signal x _W. They may not be able to achieve all of the objectives by themselves, and may require complicated processing methods to supply a number of different processing methods and carriers. A single processing method may be configured by combining the above. Below, the method of the combination is also demonstrated.

First, map conversion will be described.

As already mentioned, in which may be used mapping transform as one of the processing method of spreading carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R. The mapping transformation is a function whose output is uniquely determined for a certain input value itself, as shown in Expression 10 and Expression 11. And one input value itself, for electrical communication with electrical signals is a function of time, for example, corresponds to the instantaneous value of the noise signal x _W.
In this case, the noise signal x _W spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R created processed from varying every moment irregularly in response to flows time, with respect to the value of the momentary noise signal x _W This is a series of conversion output values that are uniquely determined.
Further, in the case of information transmission by printed matter using a print image that is a position function, the certain input value itself corresponds to, for example, optical density state information of a certain point image on the image. In this case, the noise signal x _W spread carrier is created processed from c _T despreading carrier c _R optically gray state of an image obtained from the scanning position changes in response to the appropriate scan image varies irregularly is a series of converted output values uniquely determined with respect to the value of the noise signal x _W per position one by one on the image.

Such processing called mapping conversion is, for example, arithmetic operations, logical operations, function operations such as relational operations, and mapping. Further, in the process of map conversion, a suitable combination of a number of appropriate map conversions including those illustrated may be used as one map conversion. According to the processing operation of these mapping transform, under ideal environment, irregularities pair objects broadband performance of the noise signal x _W of the work material is inherited, but also obtained property becomes a signal pairs. Moreover, in which while the same noise signal x _W and the processing material, spreading the carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R of different patterns depending on the processing contents can be obtained.
However, even signal patterns generated by different mapping transformations have a certain degree of cross-correlation between them if the same noise signal is used as an input. Therefore, for the purpose of supplying a pattern having no cross correlation in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, other processing elements are used in combination.

Next, processing for shifting a signal in the sequence direction will be described. The mapping transformation was to obtain a spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R with uniquely output is determined conversion for the value itself of the input signal.
On the other hand, in this processing, the value of the processing output at a certain point is determined using the value of the point shifted upstream or downstream in the sequence direction of the input signal. In the case of telecommunication using an electric signal, for example, the information that is delayed for a predetermined time is used in the case of telecommunication.
In addition, in the case of information transmission by printed matter using a print image that is a position function, for example, the transition in the sequence direction is, for example, in the sequence of the gray state information of the image obtained by scanning the image, with respect to the operation position. This corresponds to using the information of the position shifted by a specified amount before and after. This signal is intended processing to transition to the series direction may be used as one of the processing methods of spreading carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R.
At this time, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 have the same transition amount. By changes by the same amount in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15, and a noise signal x _T, which is remained by entering the diffusion carrier processing means 13, and input despread carrier processing means 15 transition is the noise signal x _R were are the same. That is, the noise signal changed by the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 is different from the original noise signals x _T and x _R only in the change point, and is opposite to the diffusion carrier processing means 13. The same noise signal is transmitted to the diffusion carrier processing means 15.
As a result, the shifted noise signal is a signal inheriting the property of having irregularity and wide bandwidth with respect to the object.

On the other hand, a noise signal shifted by a transition amount τ ₁ (τ ₁ ≠ 0) is defined as x _S , and a cross-correlation function R _XS represented by the following equation between the shifted signal and the original noise signal x _W before transition is represented. _{-Consider XW} .
R _XS−XW (τ) = lim _L [(2 * L) ⁻¹ * ∫ _L {x _S (w) * x _W (w−τ)} dw] (Formula 17)
Similar to the definition of the autocorrelation function shown in Formula 2, in the above formula, ∫ _L dw represents a definite integral in a section from −L to + L (where L> 0) with respect to the variable w, and lim _L [] Indicates a limit value that makes L infinite for a function in parentheses.
Although the integration interval formula 17 is assumed infinitely large, when signals having irregularities in pairs object broadband property the integrand, practice, or about repetition period of the primary carrier of Obujeto a _T that primary modulation If the interval is longer than that, it can be regarded as equivalent to an infinite region.
The cross-correlation function R _XS-XW shown in Equation 17 evaluates the depth of the relationship between the signals x _S and x _W , and the cross-correlation function R _XS-XW is zero for a certain τ. signal x _W with τ means that is quite independent of x _S. Hereinafter, the fact that the cross _- correlation function R _XS-XW shown in Expression 17 at a certain τ is zero is described as no cross-correlation or zero cross-correlation.
Here, since x _S (u) is a signal obtained by shifting x _W (u) by τ ₁ , they have the following relationship.
x _S (u) = x _W (u−τ ₁ ) (Formula 18)
If the independent variable u in Expression 18 is replaced with w, and its x _S is substituted for x _S in Expression 17, Expression 17 has the same form as Expression 2.

At this time, since the noise signals x _S and x _W are irregular signals having no regularity in which the autocorrelation function expressed by Equation 2 is zero except τ = 0, Equation 17 obtained by substituting Equation 18 is expressed as τ = τ _The maximum value is shown only at ₁ , and the value is zero in other τ regions. That is, the noise signal x _W a tau ₁ only the signal x _S which is transitive, the noise signal x _W there is only cross-correlation between x _S itself is a signal obtained by transitions by tau _1, the cross-correlation with any signal other Absent.
The signal x _S is not cross-correlation and even the original signal x _W. As a result, according to the processing of transitioning the irregular signal having no regularity in which the autocorrelation function shown in Formula 2 is zero except for τ = 0 in the sequence direction, other signals including the original signal are different from each other. A signal having no cross-correlation can be created.
When this is used, in the process of transitioning irregular signals in the sequence direction, there is no cross-correlation between signals with different transition amounts in the same way. Can be created.
As described above, according to the process of shifting in the sequence direction, it is possible to create a large number of signals having no cross-correlation, while inheriting the property of having irregularity with a broadband property to an object and without changing the signal pattern.

However, the processing to transition the signal series direction is not serve the paired signals spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R. Therefore, for the purpose of supplying a pattern as a paired signal in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, for example, other processing elements such as the mapping conversion described above are used together.

Next, processing for combining a plurality of noise signals will be described. Diffusing carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 of the carrier processing unit 1 according to this embodiment, the noise signal x _T of the processing material to the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _{_R,} inputs the x _R .
Then, the noise signal _x T, _{x R} a plurality of noise signals _x Ti inputting _{_{(i = 1,2, ... N T}} ), x Rj (j = 1,2, ... N R) constituted by, appropriate them In addition, a single signal is generated by performing processing combined with the above, and the noise signal x _T , x _R is used as a processing material for the diffusion carrier c _T and the despread carrier c _R.
The _{elements of} the noise signal inputs x _Ti (i = 1, 2,... N _T ), x _Rj (j = 1, 2,... N _R ) are arbitrary, for example, an elementary noise signal in the noise signal supply unit 2 and containing the noise signal x _E supplied from a source 10, the noise signal x _N entering from inside and _outside, a signal having irregularities against the object broadband of course work, spreading the carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R, diffusion modules Is a diffuse output object s to be output. The signal format of each of the plurality of noise signals is also arbitrary.
That is, an analog signal or a discrete value sequence signal having discrete values may be continuous or discontinuous. Appropriate combination means that a plurality of noise signals x _Ti (i = 1, 2,... N _T ), x _Rj (j = 1, 2,... N _R ) are respectively combined in some way, for example, arithmetic operation or logical operation, This refers to synthesis into one noise signal x _T , x _R by a relational operation or a method of combining them.
At this time, since the noise signals x _T and x _R may be completely irregular signals having arbitrary values, a plurality of noise signals x _Ti (i = 1, 2,... N _T ), x _Rj (j = 1, 2,... N _R ) No relationship such as synchronization is required between them.

In addition, when the noise signals x _T and x _R are combined with a plurality of element signals, all the noise signals x _Ti (i = 1, 2,... N _T ), x _Rj (j = 1, 2,... N _R ) However, it is not always necessary that the object has a broad bandwidth with respect to the object or has no irregularity. However, the noise signals x _T and x _R obtained as a result need to be irregular with a wide band-to-object property.
The process of combining a plurality of noise signals inherits the property of having broadband property to an object and irregularity, and the signal pattern changes, but there may be some degree of cross-correlation between the generated signal patterns.
Therefore, for the purpose of supplying a pattern having no cross-correlation in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, for example, processing using a completely different signal combination or shifting the above-described signals in the sequence direction. Other processing elements such as are used together.

Next, processing using an advanced and complicated signal processing method will be described.
As the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15, the above-described mapping conversion, processing for shifting signals in the series direction, and processing for combining a plurality of signals are simple and basic processing elements. In contrast, it is more sophisticated and using complex signal processing techniques, as the noise signal may be generated processed to diffuse carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R.
For example, the signal may be processed by advanced signal processing including integration and differentiation. Further, for example, the signal may be processed by adjusting the spectrum configuration of the signal using a spatial filter of an arbitrary dimension.
The arbitrary-dimensional spatial filter is, for example, a normal time-space frequency filter, a two-dimensional planar image spatial filter, or a three-dimensional moving image temporal and three-dimensional image four-dimensional spatial filter. Adjustment of the spectral structure of a signal means, for example, attenuating or enhancing a spectral component in a specific frequency band, moving or synthesizing a spectral component in one frequency band to another frequency band, To replace a component with a spectral component in a certain frequency band.

Such signal processing is performed by, for example, fast Fourier transform processing and appropriate sequential data processing for adjusting spectral components. In addition to this, for example, the signal waveform of a noise signal is numerically analyzed to detect a feature point of a waveform such as zero cross, and a configuration that generates a predetermined irregular signal waveform from the time of the feature point, For example, various methods such as a configuration in which a voltage variable frequency oscillator (VCO) is controlled by a signal obtained by processing a noise signal to generate a signal whose frequency changes according to the value of the noise signal can be considered.
Processing using this sophisticated and complex signal processing technique inherits the properties of wideband and irregularity against objects, changes the signal pattern, and creates a large number of signal patterns that have no cross-correlation with each other. Although possible, there is a case where a processing operation to a signal pattern that becomes a pair of signals as the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means is not included.
Therefore, for the purpose of supplying a pattern that is a pair of signals in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, if necessary, other processing elements such as the mapping conversion described above are used. Use together.

Next, processing that combines a plurality of processing methods will be described.
The previously described mapping transformation, processing for shifting signals in the sequence direction, processing for combining multiple signals, and processing using sophisticated and complex signal processing techniques are either independent or lack thereof, for example, functions The diffusion carrier processing 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 may be appropriately combined for the purpose of complementing the degree of processing, complexity, and the small number of signal patterns that can be created.
However, not limited thereto, the respective processing methods are those in any combination, it may be configured to create a unique spreading carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R properties that need.

Arbitrary combination means that the combination of objects to be combined and the number of combinations is arbitrary. For example, an input of each processing method is a signal that satisfies the requirements as a noise signal, for example, an intermediate signal in the processing process. The signal supply relationship may be, for example, a nested structure, a feedback structure, a feedforward structure, or a parallel or series structure.

Incidentally, the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment spread carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 is processed create and spread carrier c _T despreading supplied to the diffusion means and despreading means from a common noise signal The carrier c _R needs to be present in such a manner that at least the element representing the necessary information in the signal sequence of the spread input object a _T can be restored on the despreading module side with respect to the position and length of the signal sequence. Is.
Then, those may be a continuous signal having a property as a diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R.
The diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R is, for example, as in for a period spread input object represents a content to be transmitted, spreading the carrier c _T continuously only in a section of a length a signal having a property as a despread carrier c _R as those may be.
The diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, within said length interval, or those be burst discontinuous signal or impulse-like signal having a property as a diffusion carrier and despread carrier It is. A spread carrier and a despread carrier that are a burst-like discontinuous signal or an impulse-like signal will be described later.
Further, the noise signals x _W , x _T , and x _R having irregularity with wide bandwidth to the object may be supplied only in the waveform sections necessary for processing and creating the spread carrier c _T and the despread carrier c _R. are those, containing the noise signal x _E are those which may be supplied as required in the noise signal x _W is required waveform segment having irregularities at least to-object broadband performance.
In this case, diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 has irregularities against objects broadband property requiring noise signal x _W at least the noise signal supplying section 2 except some containing noise of the transmission system out When the signal source 10 can supply as much as necessary in the necessary waveform section, it becomes the noise signal supply unit 2.

The carrier processing unit 1 incorporated in the present embodiment uses a method as illustrated here as a processing material common to the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means for generating a noise signal having a wide band-to-object property and irregularity. , Spread carrier and despread carrier are object wideband, irregular, or paired signals, different patterns, or many different patterns The pattern is obtained or processed so as to have no mutual correlation.

As described above, the configuration of the carrier processing unit 1 incorporated in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has no cross-correlation in the supply operation of the spread carrier and the despread carrier described above as the best mode for carrying out the invention. a plurality of patterns, pairs object with irregularities in broadband performance, diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R of the cross-correlation established state of the combination of the signals forming the pair is a constant defined not zero when multiplied with each other the is intended to supply to the diffuser means and despreading means, in which spread spectrum communication is performed by the information transmission principle already described with reference to its diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R.

Next, it will be described that according to the transmission system according to the present embodiment to which the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment is applied, noise resistance equivalent to that of a conventional spread spectrum communication system can be obtained.
First, noise resistance of the transmission system according to the first embodiment will be described.

Since the above-described explanation is an operation under ideal environmental conditions, the diffusion output object s that is the output of the diffusion module 3 is transmitted to the despreading module 4 without changing the transmission medium 7. .
However, in an actual operating environment, the transmission medium 7 includes signals other than the diffusion output object s. For example, in the case of transmitting an object with an electric signal using an electric wire as a transmission medium in the same way as in conventional general telecommunication, electromagnetic waves are generated from various communication inside and outside the environment where this transmission system exists and from electric / electronic systems / equipment / parts. For example, a signal entering through guidance or a transmission signal other than the present transmission system that performs multiplex transmission by sharing the transmission medium 7.
These signals exist regardless of whether they are preferred or not, regardless of the transmission system, and are so-called noise for the diffusion output object of the transmission system. The noise is superimposed on the diffusion output object s depending on the characteristics of the transmission medium 7.

Here, m is the noise superimposed on the diffusion output object s in the transmission medium 7. At this time, the despreading input object h input from the transmission medium 7 by the despreading module 4 is expressed by adding the spread output object s output from the spreading module 3 and the noise m as shown in the following equation. The
h (u) = s (u) + m (u) (Equation 19)
The despreading module 4 performs a despreading operation of multiplying the despread input object h on which the noise is superimposed by a despread carrier, and the result is given by the following equation.
a _R (u) = {s (u) + m (u)} * c _R (u) (Formula 20)
Similar to Equation 6, when Equation 1 and Equation 5 are applied to Equation 20, the following can be developed.
a _R (u) = s (u) * c _R (u) + m (u) * c _R (u)
_{_{_{= A T (u) * c}}} T (u) * c R (u) + m (u) * c R (u)
= A _T (u) * k _C + m (u) * c _R (u) (Formula 21)

The right side of Equation 21, but spread input object signals appeared in the pattern of similar shape to spread the input object a _T entered the diffusion module 3 to paragraph and thus transmitted, the second term at the same time superimposing Will be. That is, the despread output object a _R obtained from the despreading means 16 shown in Expression 21 is obtained as a mixed signal of not only the spread input object a _T but also a signal obtained by multiplying the noise m and the despread carrier c _R. It is done.
Since the second term is a noise term, it is not necessary for information transmission. For example, the despread output object a _R is composed of a term obtained by multiplying the diffuse input object a _T by a constant. The waveform is different from the waveform, and the information to be transmitted is not accurately represented.
Therefore, in the despread output object expressed by Equation 21, it is necessary to separate the component of the diffuse input object from the noise or reduce the noise component by some method. The separation operation is performed using the difference in the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spectrum between the spread input object component and the noise component, as in the conventional spread spectrum communication system. The component of the diffuse input object represented by the first term of Equation 21 is a signal whose spectrum is distributed only in a certain limited frequency region, whereas the noise term represented by the second term of the equation 21 It is multiplied by a despread carrier.
The noise shown here is a signal irrelevant to the despread carrier, and the irrelevant signals have zero cross-correlation. Further, the despread carrier is a signal having irregularity with a wide band property against an object, like the spread carrier. When at least one of two signals having no cross-correlation is an object wideband and irregular signal, the signal multiplied by them is a wideband irregularity of the degree of object wideband or higher. Signal. This is the same as the effect obtained by the spread spectrum operation, noise, so that the spectrally spread by a reverse spread carrier c _R.

As a result, regardless of the spectrum distribution of the noise, the spectrum is spread to the same extent as the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread carrier or larger, and it is irregular with high bandwidth against objects. It becomes a signal with. Here, the occupied bandwidth of the despread carrier and BW _CR, noise m is spectrum spread is multiplied by this diffusion carrier, after spreading, it is assumed to be the signal of the occupied bandwidth BW _CR.
Further, it is assumed that the noise energy P _M in the despread output object is uniformly distributed in the frequency band of the width BW _CR .
Here, separating and extracting the component of the spread input object a _T from the mixed signal of the component of the spread input object a _{T and} the component of the noise m using the difference in the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spectrum means, for example, that the mixed signal is input to the spread it is through a filter which passes only the occupied frequency band of the object a _T.

The filter passes all the spectrum of the diffuse input object a _T , but does not pass the spectrum of other bands, and uses, for example, a low-pass filter. According to this filter, the noise spectrum m, only the spectrum occupied frequency band of the spread input object a _T a pass band of the filter can pass. As a result, the spectrum of the diffuse input object a _{T and} the spectrum of noise that can pass through the filter appear in the output of the filter.
This filter is also used in the receiving unit of the conventional spread spectrum communication system, and is generally placed immediately after the multiplication operation of the spread spectrum spread. In the configuration of the transmission system shown in FIG. 1, despreading means 16 is constituted by a multiplying function and the filter function shown in equation 20, it multiplies the despread input object h despreading carrier c _R, spreading the results The despread output object a _R is output through a filter that selectively passes only the occupied frequency band of the input object a _T. Since there is no feature of the present invention in the multiplication function, the filter function, and the structure of the despreading means combining them, they are expressed by a single symbol.

Here, for the signal appearing at the output of the filter, the ratio of the energy of the component of the diffuse input object to the energy of the noise component is obtained. This is the S / N ratio of the despread output object output by the filter, and is one of the indexes for evaluating the performance of the present transmission system as the object transmission means. At this time, it is assumed that the spectrum of each signal is uniformly distributed in the occupied frequency band of each signal.
The output occupied bandwidth from the multiplication function of the despreading means is BW _CR of the total energy P _M components of the noise, of the despread output object through the filter of the occupied bandwidth BW _A diffusion input object The energy _PMA that appears as a part is expressed by the following equation.
P _MA = P _M * BW _A / BW _CR (Formula 22)
This energy noise passes through the filter and is superimposed on the filter output object. Here, the band ratio of Expression 22 is expressed as follows using a variable called a process gain _GP that is conventionally used in the theory of spread spectrum communication.
_{_{_{G P = BW CR / BW A}}} ( Formula 23)
SN ratio SNR of the despread output object to the energy P _MA component of the noise remaining in the occupied frequency band BW _A diffusion input object, since energy P _A component of the spread input object, Equation 22, Equation 23 It is shown as follows.
SNR = P _A / P _MA
= P _A / (P _M * BW _A / BW _CR )
_{_{= (P A / P M)}} * G P ( Equation 24)
According to Equation 24, when a spread input object exists with an energy P _A in a certain occupied frequency bandwidth BW _A , even if a certain level of noise exists at the same time with an energy P _M , the occupied frequency of the spread input object By spreading the occupied frequency bandwidth BW _CR of the despread carrier with respect to the bandwidth BW _A and increasing the processing gain, the despread output is independent of the energy P _A of the component of the spread input object and the energy P _{M of the} noise component. It can be seen that the SN ratio SNR of the object can be improved.

Thus, the present transmission system separates the components of the spread input object from the noise components using the difference in the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread input object and the despread carrier. In general, the energy of noise superimposed on the diffusion output object in the transmission medium that transmits the diffusion output object from the diffusion module to the despreading module is larger than the energy of the diffusion output object.
For example, when one transmission medium is shared by many multiplex communication channels and transmission is performed, the diffusion output object of all other channels is noise for transmission of one channel. For example, when 101 channels simultaneously transmit with a diffuse output object having the same energy, the total energy of noise is one hundred times larger than the energy of the diffuse output object of one channel. Considering that the ratio of the energy of the target transmission signal to the noise transmission medium is also inherited by the target transmission signal to noise energy ratio in the output signal of the multiplication function of the despreading means, the multiplication In the output of the function, a signal in which noise of 100 times energy is superimposed on the despread diffused input object appears.

However, according to the effect of Expression 24, for example, even when the noise of 100 times the energy of the spread output object is superimposed, the ratio of the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread carrier to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread input object is, for example, 1000 times By doing so, the energy of the noise component of the signal appearing at the output of the diffusion input object extraction filter after despreading can be reduced to one tenth of the energy of the component of the diffusion input object to be despread. The ratio of the energy of the noise component to the energy of the diffuse input object component in the despread output object can be reduced as much as the ratio of the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread carrier to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the diffuse input object is increased. Is. At this time, adjustment of the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread input object is performed by adjusting the frequency of the primary modulation carrier when creating the spread input object, for example. Further, the adjustment of the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread carrier is performed by adjusting the occupied frequency bandwidth of the elementary noise signal used as the processing material of the despread carrier, for example.

The influence of noise superimposed on the spread output object in the transmission medium 7 on the despread output object is set to a ratio of the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread carrier to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread input object, and the filter performs the despreading means. The characteristic of reducing the occupied frequency band of the despread output object output from the above by limiting the occupied frequency band of the spread input object to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the diffused input object is referred to as noise resistance hereinafter.
Thus, this transmission system realizes noise resistance.
Note that the influence term of the noise of the despread output object indicated by the second term on the right side of Equation 21 can be suppressed even when the noise m and the despread carrier c _R exhibit a certain degree of correlation. The details will be described later.

Next, in order to compare and evaluate the transmission system according to the present embodiment, the noise resistance is described by analyzing the operation of a typical conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal.
FIG. 40 shows a typical spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal, which includes a transmitter 500, a receiver 501, and a transmission medium 502 (Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).

The transmitter 500 includes a spread code supply unit 510 and a multiplier 511, and the spread code supply unit 510 includes a clock generator 512 and a binary pseudo noise generator (PNG) 513.
The operation of transmitter 500 will be described from the operation of spreading code supply section 510. In the spreading code supply unit 510, the PNG 513 generates a spreading code c _S having an absolute value that is not equal to zero but takes the same positive / negative binary value based on the clock signal supplied from the clock generator 512, and supplies it to the multiplier 511. .
The multiplier 511 multiplies the information input signal a _S inputted from the outside and the spread code c _S supplied from the PNG 513 to spread the spectrum of the information input signal a _S (hereinafter, spread output). (Denoted as a signal) and sends it to the transmission medium 502.
Here, the information input signal a _S is a signal whose spectrum is limited to a certain band, and the spread code c _S is a signal whose spectrum is distributed in a much wider band than the occupied frequency bandwidth of the information input signal a _S. is there. A noise m (not shown) is superimposed on the spread output signal b in the process of being transmitted through the transmission medium 502, and the receiver 501 inputs a signal r including the noise m and the spread output signal b.

The receiver 501 includes a despreading code supply unit 520, a multiplier 521, and a synchronization device 522. The despreading code supply unit 520 includes a voltage-controlled variable frequency clock oscillator (hereinafter referred to as VCO) 523 and a PNG 524. The synchronization controller 522 includes a controller 525, a correlator 526, and a phase difference detector 527.
The operation of the receiver 501 will be described from the operation of the despread code supply unit 520. Despreading code supplying unit 520, PNG524 supplies to the multiplier 521 to generate the despreading code _{c D} based on the clock signal supplied by VCO523.
The clock signal supplied by the VCO 523 is a signal having the same repetition period as the clock signal supplied to the PNG 513 by the clock generator 512 of the transmitter 500. Further, the despread code c _D generated by the PNG 524 is a signal having the same pattern as the spread code c _S generated by the PNG 511 of the transmitter 500.
The multiplier 521 multiplies the received input signal r including the spread output signal b input from the transmission medium 502 and the despread code c _D supplied from the PNG 524, and uses the component of the information input signal a _S obtained by despreading the spectrum. A spectrum despread output signal a _D (hereinafter referred to as a despread output signal) is output. In the actual receiver, a filter that selectively passes only the occupied frequency band of the spectrum of the information input signal a _S is provided after the multiplier 521, and the spectrum of the information input signal a _S is occupied from the output of the multiplier 521. Although only the frequency band components are extracted and used as the output of the receiver, the description of the filter is omitted in FIG.

Next, the operation of the synchronization device 522 in the conventional example shown in FIG. 40 will be described.
In the reference signal built-in method, the transmitter and the receiver have

independent PNGs

513 and 524, and when the communication system starts operation, the PNGs are not synchronized, and a set of spreading codes c generated by them. _S despreading code c _D is a state in which the cross-correlation is not taken.
Since the spread code c _S and the despread code c _{D in a} state where the cross-correlation is not taken are so-called irrelevant signals, information transmission cannot be performed using them.
Therefore, prior to the transmission of information, the communication system must first synchronize PNG 513 and PNG 524 to increase the cross-correlation between the spread code c _S and the despread code c _D.
The synchronization device provided in the receiver is an element for this purpose, and the reference signal built-in type spread spectrum communication system having the configuration shown in FIG. 40 has two synchronization acquisition operations and synchronization acquisition operations using this synchronization device. Synchronize by movement.
The synchronization acquisition operation is an operation of creating a cross-correlation establishment state by aligning the code pattern in the time domain with respect to the spread code c _S of the transmitter despread code c _D of the receiver, and the synchronization holding operation is This is an operation of maintaining the established cross-correlation establishment state.
When the communication system starts operation, it first performs a synchronization acquisition operation. When the operation is successfully completed, the operation shifts to a synchronization holding operation, and an information input signal is transmitted under this synchronization holding operation. In the synchronization acquisition operation, for example, the transmitter 500 fixes the information input signal a _T to a constant of +1, and multiplies the information input signal that is meaningless as information to continuously apply the spread code c _S to the transmission medium 502. Send it out.

On the other hand, the synchronization device 522 of the receiver 501 inputs the received input signal r including the spread code c _S from the transmission medium 502 and guides it to the correlator 526.
Correlator 526, a spread code c _S included in the received input signal r, is calculated over one period of the correlation value despreading code c _D with the despreading code c _D which PNG524 occurs. Correlator 526, under control of the control unit 525, the calculation processing for obtaining the cross-correlation value, all that is shifted one bit per one period for the periodic pattern of despreading code c _D where PNG524 is generating To the pattern. The correlator 526 obtains cross-correlation values between all the despread code patterns and the spread code patterns, and stores the obtained cross-correlation values in the control unit 525.
When the control unit 525 obtains the cross-correlation values between all the despread code patterns and the spread code patterns, the control unit 525 checks whether the highest value among all the cross-correlation values exceeds a prescribed threshold value, and determines the highest mutual correlation value. If the correlation value exceeds a specified threshold, the PNG 524 is adjusted so that the pattern when the cross-correlation value is indicated is generated as a pattern of the cross-correlation establishment state. finish.
If there is no cross-correlation value exceeding a predetermined threshold, it is determined that a despread code pattern cross-correlated with the spread code could not be found, and the cross-correlation is calculated as the first pattern of PNG 524 assuming that synchronization acquisition has failed. Start over. In the synchronization device 522 of the receiver 501 that has successfully completed the synchronization acquisition operation, the pattern of the despread code sequence generated by the receiver by this synchronization acquisition operation is, for example, different from the pattern of the spread code sequence of the transmitter. The synchronization state is shifted within ± 50% of the time corresponding to the sign of 1 bit.
In the synchronization holding operation that starts with the successful completion of the synchronization acquisition operation, the synchronization device 522 uses the phase difference detector 527 to generate the signal r input from the transmission medium 502 of the despread code c _D generated by the PNG 524. The phase difference with respect to the component of the spread code c _S included is measured, and the voltage (frequency) control clock oscillator 523 is adjusted so that the phase difference becomes small. By these synchronization operations, the despread code c _D generated by the PNG 524 of the receiver is in a state where a high cross-correlation with the spread code c _S of the transmitter is established, and the spread code c _S and the despread code c _D are changed. The used information transmission becomes possible.

Thus, in the communication system of the reference signal internal system configuration shown in FIG. 40, the synchronous operation using the synchronization device 522 of the receiver 501, the cross-correlation established state of the spreading code c _S and the despreading code c _D Spread spectrum communication is enabled by using the spread code c _S and the despread code c _D so as to be obtained stably.

Next, the operation of the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 is analyzed, and the despread output objects in this communication system shown in Equation 21 are compared.
The spread output signal b transmitted from the transmitter 500 can be expressed as follows, where the information input signal is a _S and the spread code is c _S.
b = a _S * c _S (Formula 25)
The spread output signal b is superimposed with noise m in the process of being transmitted through the transmission medium 502 from the transmitter 500 to the receiver 501, so the signal r input by the receiver is as follows.
r = b + m
= A _S * c _S + m (Formula 26)
Despread output signal a _D obtained by multiplying the despread code c _D spreading code c _S and the cross-correlation established state of the transmitter to the signal r is as follows.
a _D = r * c _D
= (A _S * c _S + m) * c _D
= A _S * c _S * c _D + m * c _D
= A _S * k _PN ² + m * c _D (Formula 27)
However, for this, the spread code c _S and the despread code c _D in the cross-correlation established state are equal to each other, and their values are the same positive and negative binary values, not the absolute values, but the following relationship can be used. ing.
c _S = c _D = ± k _PN (Equation 28)
c _S * c _D = k _PN ² (Equation 29)
The first term on the right side of Equation 27 indicates that there is a proportional relationship with the information input signal a _S transmitted by the transmitter, and the waveform pattern has a waveform pattern different from that of the information input signal a _S. It has a similar shape, and thus information is transmitted from the transmitter of the communication system to the receiver. The second term on the right side of Equation 27 is a noise influence term on the diffusion output signal.

Here, the despread output object of the communication system represented by Expression 21 is compared with the despread output signal of the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in type using the conventional synchronization apparatus represented by Expression 27.
First, the first term on the right side of Equation 21 is compared with the first term on the right side of Equation 27. In the case of a spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal using a conventional synchronizer, the despread code is created by the receiver, so that noise entering the transmission medium is not superimposed on it, and such noise is reversed. It does not become an element that degrades the relationship of Expression 28 and Expression 29 between the spreading code and the spreading code.
As a result, the first term of Expression 27 does not include the influence of noise, and if the cross-correlation establishment state can be realized by the synchronization operation, the condition of Expression 29 can be established with high accuracy. the input signal a _S and perfectly similar shape waveform.

On the other hand, in the case of the present transmission system, the despread carrier is created by processing a noise signal input from outside the carrier processing unit 1, so if noise entering from inside or outside this transmission system is superimposed on the noise signal, the processing material Therefore, the despread carrier has a signal pattern different from that in the case where no noise is superimposed.
However, even when the noise is superimposed, the noise signal including the superimposed noise and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 having a wide anti-object property and irregularity suitable as a processing material for the diffusion carrier and the despread carrier are despread. As long as the signal is common to the carrier processing means 15, the spread carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 of the present transmission system use a noise signal including the superimposed noise from the noise signal including the object wideband and irregularity. The signal spreading carrier and the despreading carrier are formed and supplied.
That is, when there is a superposition of noise, since entering a different processing materials noise signal x _T when spreading the carrier processing means there is no superposition of noise spreading carrier for processing generated from the noise signal x _T superposition no noise Although output different spreading carrier c _T a c _T, the time, since the despread carrier processing means noise signal x _R is also changed in the same simultaneously with the noise signal x _T to enter the diffusion carrier processing means of the present transmission system The despread carrier processing means inputs a noise signal that can be regarded as the same, and as long as the noise signal including the noise has irregularity with object wideband property, it is irregular with object wideband property. The signal is processed and supplied into a spread carrier and a despread carrier of a pair of signals in a state where the cross-correlation is established.

As a result, the spread carrier and the despread carrier of this transmission system can also be used when the noise enters the noise signal in the transmission medium, as in the case of the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal using the conventional synchronization device. The noise is not superimposed on the despread carrier as noise, and such noise does not become a factor that deteriorates the relationship between the despread carrier and the spread signal between the paired signals shown in Formula 5.
As a result, the first term of Equation 21 does not include the influence of noise, and the signal diffusion carrier processing means inherits the cross-correlation established state of the noise signal and forms a pair of the cross-correlation established state between the spread carrier and the despread carrier. According to despreading carrier processing means and can be precisely established conditions equation 5, the first term of equation 21 is the spread input object a _T and completely similar shape waveform.
Thus, it can be said that the first term on the right side of Equation 21 and the first term on the right side of Equation 27 have the same physical meaning.

Next, the second term on the right side of Equation 21 is compared with the second term on the right side of Equation 27.
In the case of a spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal using a conventional synchronizer, the despreading code created by the receiver is a signal that is completely unrelated to the superposition of noise entering the spread output signal transmitted on the transmission medium. The cross-correlation between the despread code and noise is zero. The despread code is a signal having a wide band and irregularity like the spread code. When two of the signals that have no cross-correlation are wideband and irregular, the signal multiplied by them has a wideband irregularity that is equal to or greater than that of the wideband. Signal. This is the same as the effect obtained by the spread spectrum operation, and the noise is spread by the despread code.
On the other hand, if the present transmission system, to create a diffusion carrier and despread the carrier by processing the different noise signal x _W is the noise m. Noise m and the noise signal x _W completely unrelated signals because the cross-correlation between them is zero. The two signals have no cross-correlation, since the signal noise signal x _W has irregularities against objects broadband property, signals obtained by multiplying them, the pair object broadband property about or more broadband of irregular Signal. In other words, noise, so that the spectrally spread by a reverse spread carrier c _R.
Thus, it can be said that the second term on the right side of Equation 21 and the second term on the right side of Equation 27 also have the same physical meaning. In the case of this transmission system, the noise m may also be part of the noise signal. In this case, it may cross-correlation between the noise m and the noise signal x _W is not zero. This case will be described later.

As a result, it can be said that the meanings represented by Equation 21 and Equation 27 are physically the same. In other words, a spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal using a conventional synchronizer prevents a noise that invades in the transmission medium from being superimposed on the despread code by creating a despread code inside the receiver. On the other hand, this transmission system allows the noise to be incorporated into an effective noise signal element even if there is noise superimposed on the noise signal in the transmission medium 11, and has the effect of including noise effectively and positively. Reflecting not only the processing of the despread carrier but also the processing of the spread carrier, the noise entering the transmission medium is not superimposed on the despread carrier, and the signal relationship that forms a pair of the spread carrier and the despread carrier is maintained. I try to do it. On the other hand, noise that intrudes in the transmission medium is spread by a despread code or a despread carrier in both the spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal using a conventional synchronizer and this transmission system. The influence of the noise on the output of the receiver or the despread output object is reduced by taking a large ratio between the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread code or despread carrier and the occupied frequency bandwidth of the information input signal or spread input object. It can be eliminated.

In this way, the transmission system can prevent noise from being superimposed on the despread carrier even if noise intrudes into the noise signal, and the signal relationship that forms a pair of the spread carrier and the despread carrier does not collapse, Performs spread spectrum communication that is theoretically equivalent to a spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal using a conventional synchronizer for noise resistance that is not easily affected by noise intruding into a spread output object on a transmission medium. It will be.

Subsequently, it will be described that the problem of the conventional spread spectrum communication system is solved according to the present transmission system.

First, it will be described that the present transmission system solves the problems of the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in type using the conventional synchronization device.
According to the carrier processing device (carrier processing unit 1) according to the embodiment of the present invention, the configuration itself constitutes a synchronization device. In other words, a common noise signal is treated as the same signal, this is input as a processing material, and a process of inheriting the nature of the signal is obtained to obtain a pair of spread carrier and despread carrier in a cross-correlation established state. . When this carrier supply unit 1 is applied to the present transmission system, the above-described operation does not require an enormous number of repetitive operations and does not require an ambiguous trial and error, and a spectrum of a reference signal built-in method using a conventional synchronizer. It is a process that can be performed without taking time like a spread communication system.
As a result, since the operation of acquisition of synchronization that was necessary prior to communication in the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 is not required in this embodiment, there is a problem that the request for communication cannot be immediately met. In this embodiment, this is solved.

In addition, according to the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment, the configuration itself constitutes a synchronization device. Therefore, when this carrier processing unit 1 is applied to the transmission system, a device called a synchronization device is not particularly required. . Therefore, in the despreading module of the present transmission system, the PNG combined with the synchronization device used in the receiver of the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 is replaced with a despread carrier processing means. The despread carrier processing means is a simple mapping conversion that can be expressed, for example, by Equation 13, and can be realized with a simple analog circuit. As a result, there is no need for a large amount of memory, arithmetic unit, signal converter, wide bus, and pipeline processor required for the synchronization device, and the receiver can be configured with small circuit resources and software resources. It becomes.
Thereby, the problem that the receiver of the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40 becomes large is solved in this embodiment.

Further, according to the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment, the configuration itself constitutes a synchronization device. Therefore, when this carrier processing unit 1 is applied to the present transmission system, the spread carrier processing means is used when there is no communication request. Even when the despread carrier processing means stops operating, when a communication request is generated, a spread carrier and a despread carrier having a cross-correlation can be obtained immediately without requiring a synchronization operation. Therefore, when no communication is necessary, no signal is supplied to the transmission medium. During this period, neither synchronization holding operation nor synchronization holding communication is required. When there is a communication request, signals are transmitted through the transmission medium as much as necessary. May be transmitted.
As a result, the transmission capacity of the transmission medium of the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40, unnecessary interference with other communication sharing the transmission medium, and intermittent communication use The problem of wasting unnecessary power in the synchronization holding operation is solved in this embodiment.

Next, in order to evaluate this transmission system, the operation of the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 41 is analyzed (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 1). Non-Patent Document 2).
FIG. 41 shows a spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method disclosed in Patent Document 1, which includes a transmitter 600, a receiver 601, and a transmission medium 602.

The transmitter 600 includes a spread code supply unit 610, a multiplier 611, a synchronization device 612, and an adder 613. The spread code supply unit 610 includes a clock generator 614 and a PNG 615. The synchronization device 612 includes a delay unit 616. Consists of.
The transmitter 600 operates as follows. First, in the spreading code supply unit 610, based on the clock signal supplied from the clock generator 614, the PNG 615 generates a spreading code c _S that takes an equal positive and negative binary value instead of zero, and sends it to the multiplier 611. Supply.
The multiplier 611 multiplies the information input signal a _S input from the outside and the spread code c _S supplied from the PNG 615 to create a spread output signal b obtained by spreading the spectrum of the information input signal a _S. On the other hand, in the synchronization device 612, the delay unit 616 delays the spread code c _S supplied from the spread code supply unit 610 by a predetermined time, and adds it as a signal c _D that is used as a despread code in the receiver. The unit 613 superimposes it on the spread output signal b and sends it to the transmission medium 602. Note that Patent Document 3 is different from Patent Document 1 in that a delay time is given to the spread output signal by a delay unit instead of the spread code.

The spread output signal b and the despreading code c _D a signal obtained by superimposing the superimposed noise m (not shown) in the process of being transmitted through the transmission medium 602, and noise m the receiver 601 spread output signal b and the despreading code c _D contains a signal r is input.
The receiver 601 includes a synchronization device 620 and a multiplier 621, and the synchronization device 620 includes a delay device 622.
The receiver 601 operates as follows. First, the delay unit 622 of the synchronization device 620 inputs the signal on the transmission medium 602 as the signal r, delays it for a certain time, and supplies it to the multiplier 621. The certain time is assumed to be the same as the time when the spread code c _S is delayed in order to create the despread code c _D by the delay unit 616 of the synchronization device 612 of the transmitter 600.
Then, the multiplier 621 multiplies the signal r input from the output and the transmission medium 602 of the delay device 622, and outputs the result as despread output a _D. In the actual receiver, a filter that selectively passes only the occupied frequency band of the spectrum of the information input signal a _S is provided after the multiplier 621, and the spectrum of the information input signal a _S is occupied from the output of the multiplier 621. Although only the frequency band components are extracted and used as the output of the receiver, the description of the filter is omitted in FIG.

In the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method having the configuration shown in FIG. 41, the PNG is provided only in the transmitter, and the signal generated thereby is used as the spread code c _S , while the delayed signal is despread. transmitting from the transmitter to the receiver in order to use the receiver as a code c _D.
Receiver 601 for receiving the signal, it uses a signal component of the despread code c _D contained in the received signal r as despreading code, contained in the received signal r despread at the despreading code c _D since components of the spread output signal b is a signal has advanced by the time the delay time of the delay device 616 with respect to the despreading code c _D, in order to match their time relationship, a component b of the spread output signal delay The delay unit 622 delays the delay unit 622 by the same amount as the delay time of the unit 616.
That is, by using delay units 616 and 622 that delay the signal by an equal time provided in each of the transceivers, the cross-correlation is established between the spread code component c _S and the despread code component c _D.
In this way, the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method configured as shown in FIG. 41 uses a synchronization device such as a receiver in the communication system of the reference signal built-in method shown in FIG. Rather, an operation including content equivalent to the operation performed by the synchronizer is performed so that the spread code component and the despread code component of the spread information input signal are in a cross-correlation established state, thereby enabling spread spectrum communication.

Here, the operation of the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method shown in FIG.
In the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission system having the configuration shown in FIG. 41, a delayed signal is used. Here, in order to show the effect of the delay received by the component of the signal, the number of delays is added to the signal name. It shall be expressed in letters. That is, the information input signal to be transmitted by the transmitter is a _S0 , the spread code is c ₀ , the spread code transmitted after being delayed by the delay device on the transmitter side is c ₁ , and the external noise applied by the transmission medium is m ₀ . Then, the signal r ₀ the receiver input can be expressed by the following equation.
r ₀ = a _{S 0} * c ₀ + c ₁ + m ₀ (Formula 30)
The receiver uses the delayed spread code c ₁ component included in the signal r ₀ as a despread code. To despread the information input signal a _S0 at the despreading sign, the need to synchronize the despreading sign components of a diffusion sign c ₀ which is multiplied to the information input signal a _S0 occurs, the signal r ₀ received Is delayed by the delay device by the same amount as the delay device on the transmitter side.
Signal r ₁ obtained by delaying the received signal r ₀ is expressed as follows.
r ₁ = a _S1 * c ₁ + c ₂ + m ₁ (Formula 31)
However, r ₁ represents a delayed each element constituting the right-hand side of Equation 30 representing the r ₀ by the delaying unit of the receiver, and those obtained by delaying the a _S0 delaying a _S1, c ₁ This is expressed as c ₂ and m ₀ is expressed as m ₁ . Further, those obtained by delaying the c ₀ is represented by c ₁ the delay time that is delayed at the transmitter is the same. The despreading operation is realized by multiplying the received input signal r _{0 including} the signal component c ₁ as the despread code by the received input signal r ₁ delayed by the receiver as described above in order to synchronize with it. To do.
Consequently despread output signal a _D obtained can be expressed by the following equation.
a _D = r ₀ * r ₁
= (A _S0 * c ₀ + c ₁ + m ₀₎ * (a _S1 * c ₁ + c ₂ + m ₁ )
= A _S0 * a _S1 * c ₀ * c ₁ + a _S0 * c ₀ * c ₂ + k _PN ² * a _S1
+ C ₁ * c ₂ + (a _S0 * c ₀ + c ₁ ) * m ₁
+ (A _S1 * c ₁ + c ₂ ) * m ₀ + m ₀ * m ₁ (Formula 32)
However, c ₀ , c ₁ , and c ₂ each take a value of ± k _PN , where k _PN is a non-zero constant that does not depend on time, and has the following properties.
c ₀ * c ₀ = c ₁ * c ₁ = c ₂ * c ₂ = k _PN ² (Formula 33)

The calculation result on the right side of Expression 32 representing the despread output a _D is a component of the information input signal in which the third term is despread and delayed, and all other terms are signals that are not similar to the information input signal. is there.
Of these, the first, second, and fourth terms are not zero even if m ₀ and m ₁ are set to zero, and are always included in the despread output signal a _D regardless of the noise of m ₀ and m _1. Therefore, it acts as noise on the despread information input signal.
That is, in the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission system shown in FIG. 41, noise is superimposed on the despread information input signal in the despread output signal even if there is no noise superimposed on the transmission medium.
On the other hand, in the case of the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in method shown in FIG. No signal other than the input signal appears.

In addition, when there is noise superposition in the transmission medium, the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 41 includes more noise terms in the despread output signal as shown in Equation 32. Will be.
Among them, the fifth and sixth terms are noise terms spread by despreading code, and adjust the occupied frequency bandwidth ratio of information input signal and despreading code, which is peculiar to spread spectrum communication. Thus, the influence on the information input signal component remaining after despreading can be reduced. However, since there are more noise terms than in the case of the reference system, there is much noise that needs to be reduced, indicating that the S / N ratio of the despread output signal is deteriorated. The ratio is inferior.

On the other hand, since the seventh term is not multiplied by the spread code or the despread code, the noise indicated by this term is a signal having a spectrum configuration that is unrelated to the spread spectrum. Therefore, the noise indicated by the term may have a high energy spectrum in the occupied frequency band of the information input signal, and the component of the occupied frequency band of the information input signal of the noise term It cannot be reduced by adjusting the occupied frequency bandwidth ratio between the information input signal and the despread code.
That is, the conventional spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission system shown in FIG. 41 does not have the noise resistance that the reference system has, and for example, noise components superimposed on the spread output signal in the transmission medium are included in the despread output signal. In the case where the spectrum of the information input signal occupies the same frequency as the information input signal component, the signal-to-noise ratio of the information input signal component in the spread output signal is poor and communication becomes difficult. .

Specifically, the problem shown in the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 41 in the description of the background art is such. Even when there is no noise in the transmission medium, the despread output includes noise. When there is noise in the transmission medium, the signal-to-noise ratio of the information input signal component in the despread output signal is inferior to that of the reference system. It cannot be reduced by adjusting the ratio of the occupied frequency bandwidth between the information input signal and the spread code unique to the spread spectrum communication, and the noise component is, for example, the occupied frequency of the information input signal in the despread output signal. Communication is difficult when the spectrum has a spectrum with energy equal to or higher than the component of the information input signal.

Further, since the delay unit 616 constituting the synchronization device of the transmitter 600 only delays the binary code, a small binary logic element can be applied with a simple structure.
However, since the delay device 622 of the synchronization device 620 of the receiver 601 delays an analog signal including an information input signal component and a noise component, it is necessary to use an analog delay device having a broadband property against objects.
Analog delay devices with broadband characteristics use CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or a combination of high-speed AD converter and FIFO (First In First Out Memory) DA converter. Therefore, the circuit scale is large and expensive compared to the delay unit 616 of the transmitter 600 that can be configured with binary logic elements.

Thus, in the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 41, when noise is superimposed on a signal transmitted by a transmission medium, the SN ratio of the information input signal output by the receiver is reduced, Compared to the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40, there is a problem that noise resistance is inferior, expensive, and the circuit scale is large.

On the other hand, in the present transmission system, when there is no noise in the transmission medium, as shown in Equation 7, no noise is included in the despread output object as in the reference system.
In addition, when there is noise superposition on the spread output object in the transmission medium, even if it has a spectrum in the occupied frequency band of the spread input object, the transmission system, like the reference system, has its noise component. Are spread with despread carriers, and the ratio of the despread carrier's occupied frequency bandwidth to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread input object is increased so that the signal after despread multiplication is applied to only the occupied frequency band of the spread input object. It has a noise immunity specific to spread spectrum communications equivalent to a reference system, which can virtually eliminate the effect of that noise remaining on the despread output object through a filter that is passed through.
At this time, in this transmission system, neither the spreading module nor the despreading module requires an analog delay device, so that the cost of the circuit is large due to the need for the analog delay device. There is no problem.
Thus, this transmission system has noise resistance equivalent to the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40, and spread spectrum communication with the conventional reference signal transmission system shown in FIG. The problem of the system is solved in the present embodiment.

Next, in order to evaluate this transmission system, the operation of the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 42 is analyzed.
FIG. 42 shows a spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission method shown in Non-Patent Document 3, and is composed of a transmitter 700, a receiver 701, and a transmission medium 702.

The transmitter 700 includes a spreading code supply unit 710, a multiplier 711, a synchronization device 713, and a spreading output transmission unit 712. The spreading code supply unit 710 includes a clock generator 714 and PNG 715, and the synchronization device 713 includes a despreading device. It consists of a code transmission unit 716.
The transmitter 700 operates as follows. First, in the spread code supply unit 710, based on the clock signal supplied from the clock generator 714, the PNG 715 generates a spread code c _S whose absolute value is not equal to zero but takes the same positive / negative binary value to the multiplier 711. Supply.
The multiplier 711 multiplies the information input signal a _S inputted from the outside and the spread code c _S supplied from the PNG 715 to create a spread output signal b obtained by spreading the spectrum of the information input signal a _S. The spread output signal b is converted into a broadband signal by the spread output transmission unit 712 and sent to the transmission medium 702.
On the other hand, the synchronizer 713 is transmitted to the transmission medium 702 is converted into broadband signal with the despreading code transmission section 716 of the sync device 713 as a signal c _D to use the same signal as the spreading code as despreading codes at the receiver.
Transmitters 712 and 716 are apparatuses for transmitting a spread output signal and a despread code at the same time by sharing the transmission medium 702, and are transmitters that transmit signals by frequency multiplexing using broadband. The spread output signal and the despread code are transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver without interfering with each other at the same time using the occupied frequency band that does not overlap in the shared transmission medium 702.

In the transmission medium 702, noise (not shown) is superimposed on the spread output signal to be transmitted and the despread code, and the receiver inputs a signal on which the noise is superimposed. When the spread output signal of the broadband signal output from the spread output transmitter 712 is q _ST and the noise superimposed on it is m _S , the spread output signal q _SR on which the noise input by the receiver is superimposed is expressed by the following equation. .
q _SR = q _ST + m _S (Formula 34)
Similarly, if the despread code of the broadband signal output from the despread code transmitter 716 is q _DT and the noise superimposed on it is m _D , the despread code q _DR on which the noise input by the receiver is superimposed is given by expressed.
q _DR = q _DT + m _D (Formula 35)

The receiver 701 includes a synchronization device 720, a spread signal reception unit 721, and a multiplier 722. The synchronization device 720 includes a despread code reception unit 723.
The receiver 701, the spread signal receiving unit 721 first inputs the broadband spread output signal q _SR noise is superimposed represented by formula 34 from the transmission medium 702, the spread output signal r of the baseband signal noise superposed The data is converted and output to the multiplier 722.
On the other hand, also the despreading code receiving unit 723 receives the despread code q _SR broadband noise indicated from the transmission medium 702 by equation 35 is superimposed, the despreading code c _DD of the baseband signal noise superposed The data is converted and output to the multiplier 722.

In the original document of Non-Patent Document 3, the receiver does not demodulate the broadband spread output signal and the broadband despread code to the baseband, and directly multiplies them in the state of the broadband signal of a certain frequency to obtain their sidebands. What is shown to perform conversion to baseband and despreading between each other at the same time is shown here as a baseband for the sake of simplicity, and then despreading afterwards. . These do not change the operating principle of the apparatus having this configuration.

In the configuration of FIG. 42, one of two signals in different frequency bands is used for transmission of a spread output signal, and the other is used for transmission of a despread code. Patent Document 4 discloses signals in two different frequency bands. Instead, a spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal that uses two signals in an orthogonal relationship for the same purpose is shown.
This is only the form of the transmission signals are different, PNG is not provided only to the transmitter, so the signal generated while using a spread code c _S, in order to use the receiver it as the despreading code c _D transmitting from the transmitter to the receiver, the cross-correlation is established between component ingredients and despreading codes of the spreading codes by using the signal component of the despread code c _D contained in the received signal as the despreading code in the receiver It is the same in that it is in a state that has been made.

As described above, the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission system configured as shown in FIG. 42 transmits the despread code through a dedicated transmission medium, thereby receiving the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in system shown in FIG. Without using a synchronizer like this, a state equivalent to the state created by the synchronizer is created, the spread code component of the spread information input signal and the despread code component are in a cross-correlation established state, and spread spectrum communication Is possible.

Here, the influence on the despread output signal when the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission system shown in FIG. 42 receives noise superimposed on the signal being transmitted on the transmission medium will be analyzed. The spread spectrum operation performed by the transmitter multiplier information input signal a _S spreading code c _S, the spread output signal as b, as in the conventional spread spectrum communication system described above, in Equation 25 Indicated.
A broadband signal is used for signal transmission through the transmission medium 702 of the spread output signal b obtained by the spreading operation. For this purpose, the baseband signal from the baseband signal to the broadband signal in the spread output transmission unit 712 of the transmitter 700 is used. The conversion is assumed to be a linear operation in which the input signal and the output signal are in a proportional relationship, and can be expressed as follows, where the proportionality coefficient is k ₁ .
q _ST = k ₁ * b (Formula 36)
Similarly, the conversion from the broadband signal to the baseband signal in the spread signal receiving unit 721 of the receiver 701 is also a linear operation, and the despread input signal r is expressed as follows, where the proportionality coefficient is k _2. It shall be possible.
r = k ₂ * q _SR (Formula 37)

On the other hand, it uses a broadband signal to the signal transmission through the transmission medium 702 of the spreading code c _S of the same despreading code c _D, do to its broadband baseband signal in the spread code transmission unit 716 of the transmitter 700 The conversion to the signal and the conversion from the broadband signal to the baseband signal in the despreading code receiving unit 723 of the receiver 701 are also linear operations, and the proportional coefficients are represented by k ₃ and k ₄ as follows: It shall be possible.
q _DT = k ₃ * c _D
= K ₃ * c _S (Formula 38)
c _DD = k ₄ * q _DR (Formula 39)
At this time, the relationship between the information input signals a _S and r can be expressed as follows using Equation 25, Equation 34, and Equation 36.
r = k ₂ * (q _ST + m _S )
= K ₂ * (k ₁ * b + m _S )
= K ₅ * a _S * c _S + k ₂ * m _S (Formula 40)
However, _{k 5} is expressed by the following equation.
k ₅ = k ₁ * k ₂ (Formula 41)
Similarly, the relationship between c _S and c _DD can be expressed as follows using Equation 38, Equation 35, and Equation 39.
c _DD = k ₄ * (q _DT + m _D )
= K ₄ * (k ₃ * c _S + m _D )
= K ₆ * c _S + k ₄ * m _D (Formula 42)
However, _{k 6} is expressed by the following equation.
k ₆ = k ₃ * k ₄ (Formula 43)
From Equation 40 and Equation 42, the despread output a _D can be expressed as follows.
a _D = r * c _DD
= (K ₅ * a _S * c _S + k ₂ * m _S ) * (k ₆ * c _S + k ₄ * m _D )
= K ₇ * a _S * c _S ² + k ₈ * a _S * c _S * m _D
+ K ₉ * m _S * c _S + k ₁₀ * m _S * m _D (Formula 44)
However, c _D , c _S , and c _DD each take a value of ± k _PN , where k _PN is a non-zero constant that does not depend on time, and k ₇ , k ₈ , k ₉ , and k ₁₀ are as follows.
c _S ² = k _PN ² (Formula 45)
k ₇ = k ₅ * k ₆ (Formula 46)
k ₈ = k ₄ * k ₅ (Equation 47)
k ₉ = k ₂ + k ₆ (Formula 48)
k ₁₀ = k ₂ * k ₄ (Formula 49)
In an actual receiver, a filter that selectively passes only the occupied frequency band of the spectrum of the information input signal a _S is provided after the multiplier 722, and the spectrum of the information input signal a _S is occupied from the output of the multiplier 722. Although only the frequency band components are extracted and used as the output of the receiver, the description of the filter is omitted in FIG.

In the spread output signal of the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission system shown in FIG. 42 represented by Equation 44, the first term indicates that the information input signal has been despread, and the subsequent term is noise. Among the noise terms, the second term and the third term are noises spread by a despread code, and adjust the occupied frequency bandwidth ratio between the information input signal and the despread code, which is specific to spread spectrum communication. Thus, the influence on the information input signal component remaining after despreading can be reduced. On the other hand, the fourth term among the noise terms is a noise having a spectrum configuration independent of the spread spectrum like the noise term shown in the seventh term of Equation 32, and is the occupied frequency band of the information input signal. May have a high energy spectrum, and adjust the ratio of the occupied frequency band of the information input signal of the noise term to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the information input signal and despread code specific to spread spectrum communication. It cannot be reduced by doing.
That is, the conventional spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal transmission system shown in FIG. 42 does not have the noise resistance of the reference system, and the noise component superimposed on the despread code in the transmission medium is, for example, in the despread output signal. If the spectrum of the information input signal has a spectrum with the same or higher energy as the component of the information input signal, the signal-to-noise ratio of the component of the information input signal in the spread output signal is poor and communication becomes difficult. .

The problem with the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method of FIG. 42 described in the background art is specifically such as this. When there is noise in the transmission medium, the influence of the noise is spread spectrum. It cannot be reduced by adjusting the occupied frequency bandwidth ratio of the information input signal and spreading code specific to communication, and as a result, the SN ratio of the component of the information input signal in the despread output signal is reduced. However, when the noise component has a spectrum with energy equal to or higher than the component of the information input signal in the occupied frequency band of the information input signal in the despread output signal, for example, communication becomes difficult.

Thus, in the spread spectrum communication system of the conventional reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. 42, when noise is superimposed on a signal transmitted through a transmission medium, the SN ratio of the information input signal component output from the receiver is lowered. There is a problem that the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal having the configuration shown in FIG.

On the other hand, this transmission system has noise resistance equivalent to that of the conventional spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in method having the configuration shown in FIG. 40, and the conventional reference signal transmission method shown in FIG. The problem of the spread spectrum communication system is solved in the present embodiment.

As described above, the carrier processing unit according to the present embodiment has a broad band-to-object characteristic and irregularity signal called a common noise signal. If this is applied to this transmission system in order to process and create a pair of signal-related spread carrier and despread carrier, a conventional reference signal built-in method can be achieved by performing spread spectrum or despread on the object to be transmitted. In addition to solving the problems of the reference signal transmission methods, a transmission system using a spread spectrum communication technique having the advantages of these methods can be provided.

Subsequently, the spread carrier and the despread carrier in the transmission system according to the present embodiment to which the carrier processing unit 1 according to the present embodiment is applied both have a property that becomes a constant and a property that is a cross-correlation established state. Consider the real conditions for the points. The spread carrier and the despread carrier can be either a continuous signal or a discontinuous signal such as an impulse or burst, but here the spread carrier and the despread carrier are continuous signals. It will be considered that there is a discontinuous spread carrier and despread carrier such as an impulse shape or a burst shape.

In spread spectrum communication, information to be transmitted is expressed by a signal having a certain length. For example, in spread spectrum communication using a fixed frequency sine wave as a primary carrier and using an information signal primarily modulated by BPSK, 1-bit information is expressed in a half cycle of the sine wave.
The transmission system has a property that becomes a constant by multiplying the spread carrier and the despread carrier, and the property is at least a period corresponding to the length representing the information.
At this time, the transmission system processes a common noise signal so that a constant is always obtained by multiplying the spread carrier and the despread carrier in an ideal environment. However, in reality, for the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, during each process from the noise signal supply unit 2 to the outputs of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, Elements that cause deviation in the direction of the series are inevitable.
For example, in the case of application to telecommunication, it is the difference in distance from the noise signal supply unit 2 to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and from the noise signal supply unit 2 to the despread carrier processing means 15.

Due to the above deviation, the actual spread carrier and the despread carrier are shifted from the spread carrier and the despread carrier created in the ideal environment. As a result, the actual spread carrier and the despread carrier are the same noise signals. In spite of being processed, it includes a section that does not become a specified constant even if it is multiplied by some length.
If the spread carrier and the despread carrier are multiplied but do not become a constant, the right side of Equation 6 is not proportional to the spread input object a _T to be transmitted, and the pattern is not similar to the spread input object a _T.
Despreading operation performed using despreading carrier c _R relationship not be multiplied by the component of the diffusion output object s and constant, the despread carrier c _R with irregularities having a pair object broadband performance, it The It becomes extraneous signal just multiplied operation, which is none other than the operation of spread spectrum components of the diffusion output object s despreading carrier c _R.
In the following, the signal component obtained by despreading with a normal despread carrier that is a constant by multiplying with the spread carrier and obtained in a similar relationship with the spread input object will be referred to as a normal despread component, and even if multiplied with the spread carrier, the prescribed A signal component that is despread by a despread carrier that does not become a constant and does not have a similar relationship with the diffusion input object is referred to as an illegal diffusion component.
Here, the illegal despreading component will be described as a spectrum that is spread evenly in the occupied frequency band of the despread carrier having the broadband property against the object.

Only the spectrum component that exists in the passband of the filter that extracts the component of the diffusion input object from the despread output object also appears as noise in the filter output, so that the incorrect despread component is generated, Increase noise in the filter output.
However, only the ratio indicated by the ratio of the pass bandwidth of the filter to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread carrier appears in the output of the filter in the fraudulent despread component energy.
Taking advantage of this property, the ratio of the occupied frequency bandwidth of the despread carrier and the passband width of the filter is, for example, several hundred times or more. It should be small enough to be considered practically zero for energy.

On the other hand, since the normal despreading component cannot be obtained from the despreading means during the period when the spread carrier and the despreading carrier are not multiplied, the normal despreading component cannot be obtained from the despreading means, so the output of the diffused input object component from the filter becomes zero. As a result, the filter outputs the discontinuous diffuse input object component, and the output of the filter distorts the waveform of the signal representing the information compared to the normal case of outputting the discontinuous diffuse input object component, It becomes a thing with low fidelity including the part which is not similar with respect to the waveform which the spreading | diffusion module input.
When the fidelity of the despread output object waveform to the diffuse input object waveform decreases, for example, when extracting information that is an object that is transmitted by demodulating the primary input spread input object, the amplitude and phase information are accurately determined. This is not preferable because it cannot be determined and the possibility of erroneous information is increased. In reality, it is inevitable that a section that does not become a specified constant even if multiplied in the spread carrier and the despread carrier, but as explained here, it increases the possibility of erroneous transmission objects. It is desirable that the generation interval is as small as possible.

When using discontinuous spread carriers and despread carriers such as impulses or bursts, the value of the despread signal in the discontinuous section without spread carriers and despread carriers is determined by the spread carrier and the despread carrier. It is obtained by covering the despread signal value obtained from the existing section or estimating it by analysis processing using them. Therefore, the accuracy of the object obtained by despreading in the part where the spread carrier and the despread carrier exist is important. In this case as well, it is desirable that the number of intervals that do not become a specified constant even when multiplied in the spread carrier and the despread carrier is desirable for the accuracy.

Here, since the spread carrier and the despread carrier are signals having a wide band property against an object having irregularity, the spread carrier and the despread carrier corresponding to a signal of a certain length representing the object to be transmitted are included. contained in a multi of multiplying not also prescribed constant interval, the cross-correlation R diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R shown in the following for the length of the unit sections object represents a content Express and evaluate with _CT-CR .
R _CT-CR (u) = (1 / L _A ) * ∫ _LA {c _T (w) * c _R (w)} dw (Equation 50)
However, ∫ _LA dw is intended to indicate a definite integral of a section of a length _{L A} starting from u for the variables w, the integration interval is [u, u + _{L A].}
The length L _A of the integration section is set to a length that gives a section that becomes a small value sufficiently close to zero when the carriers c _T and c _R that are irregular signals are integrated, for example, half of the primary modulation carrier of the spread input object. Let it be a period. In the integration calculation of Formula 50, the constant is integrated in a section that becomes a constant when the spread carrier and the despread carrier are multiplied. Therefore, the integration result is a rectangular area in which the height is the constant value and the length is the section length. It becomes the area.
On the other hand, the integration operation is to integrate the product of the spread carrier and the despread carrier as an irregular signal for which cross-correlation has not been established in a section where the spread constant and the despread carrier are not multiplied and become a specified constant. Therefore, the integration result for the entire integration interval is statistically a small value close to zero.
Therefore, the cross-correlation shown in Formula 50 is obtained by averaging the total area of sections that are constant when multiplied by these, and multiplying the spread carrier and the despread carrier in the integral section. The amount is proportional to the total length of the interval that is a constant.
In this way, in a spread carrier and a despread carrier that are functions that have irregularity by themselves and have a constant relationship when multiplied by each other, this cross-correlation is an interval that becomes a constant when multiplied by an integral interval. It becomes a scale for relative comparison of the number of.

Further, the cross-correlation of Formula 50 is as follows in an ideal case where a constant relationship is obtained when the spread carrier and the despread carrier are multiplied in the whole integration interval.
R _CT-CR (u) = (1 / L _C ) * ∫ _LC k _C dw
= K _C * (1 / L _C ) * ∫ _LC dw
= K _C * (1 / L _C ) * L _C
= K _C (Formula 51)
Since this is a case where the spread carrier and the despread carrier coincide with each other in the entire integration interval, this is the maximum value of the cross-correlation of Formula 50. Using this, Formula 50 can be normalized as follows.
NR _CT-CR (u) = R _CT-CR (u) / k _C (Formula 52)
_{Here, NR CT-CR} is a cross-correlation function obtained by normalizing the diffusion carrier _{c T} despreading carrier _{c R.} The normalized cross-correlation has a maximum value of 1, and an absolute comparison measure can be provided for the cross-correlation represented by Equation 50 in which the absolute value has no meaning. Therefore, instead of Equation 50, Equation 52 By using the normalized cross-correlation, the number of regions that become constant when multiplied for a certain section may be evaluated.
When this is used, the number of parts that do not become a specified constant even if they are included in a certain spread carrier and despread carrier section is reduced, the normalized mutual relationship shown in Equation 52 of the spread carrier and despread carrier section is used. The correlation value will be as close to 1 as possible.

As described above, there is a causal relationship between the amount of a section included in a certain spread carrier and despread carrier section that does not become a constant even when multiplied, and object transmission performance such as the possibility of erroneous objects, and normalized mutual relations. Making the correlation value as close to 1 as possible brings the possibility of error of the object close to zero. In actual application, for example, an object transmission performance required for object transmission, such as an error rate of object transmission, is provided with an allowable limit value. If the performance element is within the allowable range, object transmission is performed. Considering that the performance is practically satisfactory, the object is transmitted within the range.
At that time, from the relationship between the possibility of error in this object and the cross-correlation between the spread carrier and the despread carrier, the normalized mutual relationship between the spread carrier and the despread carrier corresponds to the allowable limit set in the object transmission performance. Allowable limits for correlation can be defined.
The meaning of the allowable limit value of the cross-correlation is that the normalized cross-correlation between the spread carrier and the despread carrier is equal to or greater than the allowable limit value, thereby allowing the diffusion carrier c _T having a wide band-to-object property and irregularity to be obtained. If the despread carrier c _R is regarded as a paired signal that is a constant that is not zero when multiplied by the equation 5 over the entire practical interval, the possibility of error in the object to be transmitted is reduced, and object transmission performance is reduced. Is more than the allowable limit value.

On the other hand, even when the spread carrier and the despread carrier are discontinuous such as an impulse shape or a burst shape, the signal is normalized by using a non-zero portion as in the case of the continuous spread carrier and the despread carrier. Cross correlation can be defined. Even in this case, the meaning of the allowable limit value of the cross-correlation described above is that the cross-correlation value is not less than a certain allowable limit value, so that the portion with the spread carrier and the despread carrier is not wideband to the object. diffusing carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R with regularity, results that can be regarded as a practical on a given section throughout the multiplying the signals forming the become paired defined constants not zero as shown in equation 5, the object to be transmitted This means that the possibility of mistakes is reduced and the object transmission performance can be increased beyond its allowable limit value.
Based on this point, this transmission system increases the object transmission performance to the allowable limit value by setting the normalized cross-correlation of the spread carrier and the despread carrier to the allowable limit value or more, thereby improving the object transmission performance. Object transmission is performed assuming that there is no problem in practical use.

At the beginning of this specification, a state in which a cross-correlation state more than a specified amount is established is referred to as a cross-correlation establishment state. It also includes a state that is within the allowable limit of cross-correlation corresponding to the allowable limit of transmission performance. In the description of the configuration and operation of the transmission system, the difference between the noise signal x _W and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 to be commonly supplied to the despreading carrier processing means 15, a noise signal x _T and the noise signal x _R He stated that it should be regarded as virtually the same within a certain range, and as a result, cross-correlation should be more than a certain level. This is also similar to the definition of the cross-correlation established state, more precisely, to within a prescribed range with the difference between the noise signal x _T and the noise signal x _R, as a result diffusion carrier and despread carrier of the This is within the range where the cross-correlation is established.

Various elements of the transmission system affect the cross-correlation between the spread carrier and the despread carrier. For example, the difference between the characteristic of the noise signal supplied to the diffusion module and the characteristic of the noise signal supplied to the despreading module due to the characteristic of the transmission medium 11, or the characteristic difference between the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means. .
However, these characteristics vary depending on the actual application field of the transmission system. The lower limit of the cross-correlation between the spread carrier and the despread carrier is the influence of factors other than the spread carrier and the despread carrier, such as filter characteristics and transmission medium noise characteristics, for each case where this transmission system is applied. It is realistic to determine the depth of the influence on the information transmission performance of the cross-correlation between the spread carrier and the despread carrier while considering the above.

The embodiment of the spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R capable then be used in the present transmission system shown in FIG. Diffusing carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R exhibits a change in irregular value of such an analog, (30 in the figure) when continuous even if any, irregular in constantly zero It may be an impulse-like signal (32 in the figure) in which a non-zero signal instantaneously appears at a position, or a burst-like signal (31 in the figure) with an irregular length and a signal zero at an irregular position. is there. By bursty and impulsive for successive forms a diffusion carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R, widen the occupied bandwidth of the spread carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R, the transmission medium It is possible to make it more difficult to find the presence of the diffuse output object from the signal and to estimate the waveform of the diffuse input object. If the occupied bandwidth of the spread carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R is Hirogare, it is possible to improve the processing gain GP equation 23 improves the SNR of Equation 24, the noise resistance is improved. In addition, when the noise resistance is suppressed to the same level, it is possible to widen the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread input object corresponding to the spread occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread carrier, which is, for example, the primary modulation carrier of the spread input object. This means that the amount of information that can be expressed by the primary modulation carrier per unit time can be increased. That is, Hirogare the occupied bandwidth of the spread carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R, is improved transmission capabilities. Further, to make it more difficult to find the presence of the diffuse output object from the signal of the transmission medium and to estimate the waveform of the diffuse input object is to improve confidentiality and secrecy. From these viewpoints, but it is desirable to be able to use a burst-like or impulsive form the diffusion carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R.

In the conventional spread spectrum communication, the spectrum is spread by the impulse-like signal, and a synchronization device is configured by using, for example, a SAW filter (SAW: Surface Acoustic Wave) or a matched filter using a CCD. Methods for demodulating information are known. If it is used, signal transmission using impulse-like signals is possible, but it requires expensive elements different from semiconductor circuit elements, and it is difficult to make monolithic or long elements are required, so it is limited to miniaturization In addition, there are practical limitations such as inapplicability to power transmission.
Therefore, there is a demand for a spread spectrum and despread spread transmission technique that enables signal transmission using an impulse signal or a burst signal, has wide utility, and can be monolithically realized in a semiconductor circuit element.

According to the carrier processing unit 1 applied to this transmission system, a synchronized spread carrier and a despread carrier can be obtained without performing a synchronization operation.
At this time, it does not matter whether the signal form of the spread carrier and the despread carrier is continuous or discontinuous (intermittent) in a burst or impulse form. Regardless of the signal form, the spread carrier and the despread carrier can be equivalent to the synchronization state. As a result, if the desired effect can be obtained, such as a component of the transmission spread input object necessary and sufficient for the component after despreading, which position has a specific state such as zero in the spread carrier and despread carrier It may be included only for a period of time.

In addition, when a specific state such as zero is included in the spread carrier and the despread carrier and the signal form of the spread carrier and the despread carrier becomes discontinuous (intermittent) in a burst shape or an impulse shape, such a spread carrier And the spread input object component of the despread output object obtained by the spread spectrum and despread signal processing using the despread carrier becomes discontinuous. When the diffuse input object component of the despread output object becomes such a discontinuous signal, for example, a waveform envelope reproduction process combining a track hold and a low-pass filter with a discontinuous despread output object, or Reproduces and outputs the original continuous waveform of the components of the diffuse input object, for example, by adding processing for reproducing the approximate waveform by numerical analysis. In the configuration of the transmission system shown in FIG. 1, when using the burst or impulse discontinuous signal form for the spread carrier and the despread carrier, the continuous waveform reproduction of the component of the spread input object is as follows: For example, one function of the despreading means may be incorporated together with a multiplication function and a filter function.

In the conventional signal processing technique using spread spectrum and despreading, a method is known in which a signal whose frequency changes is used as a signal corresponding to a spread carrier or a despread carrier of this transmission system.
In one method called frequency hopping or frequency chirp, the signal corresponding to the spread carrier or despread carrier of this transmission system is a sine wave of a certain frequency for a certain short time, During the same specified time, another sine wave having a specified frequency is used, and the frequency of the sine wave is changed one after another. By spreading the frequency to be changed one after another over a wide area and making the period of one frequency very short, the signal spectrum is uniformly distributed over a wide frequency range when viewed at long time intervals. It is what you see. Among them, frequency hopping indicates that the frequency is discretely and irregularly changed, and frequency chirp indicates that the frequency is continuously changed.
In any case, in the conventional technique, communication is performed after the frequency change pattern and timing are synchronized between the transmission side and the reception side using some kind of synchronization device.
In this transmission system, a signal with such a frequency changed may be used as a noise signal or a spread carrier and a despread carrier. In any case, the frequency range to be changed and the rate of change are such that the resulting signal must have object-to-object broadband properties, at least for the period required to transmit the diffuse input object.
In particular, when used for a spread carrier and a despread carrier, the same signal is used for the spread carrier and the despread carrier. This is because multiplying two sine waves in phase at the same frequency results in a constant component that is not zero and a cosine wave that is twice the original frequency, and the constant component provides the same effect as the constant in Equation 5. This is a demodulation method widely known as synchronous detection or direct conversion. At this time, the cosine wave component is much higher than the frequency of the primary modulation of the diffuse input object, so that it is easily eliminated completely by a filter that extracts the diffuse input object in the despreading means. In addition, the spread output object can be transmitted in a transmission medium that transmits the spread output object from the spread module to the despread module by making the frequency change range of the spread carrier and the despread carrier far wider than the primary modulation frequency of the spread input object. Noise resistance against noise superimposed on can be realized in the same manner as described above.

Such spread carrier and despread carrier are, for example, a signal obtained by processing a noise signal as one of diffusion carrier processing means and despread carrier processing means using advanced signal processing techniques. A configuration for controlling an appropriate waveform generator is provided, and the frequency of a signal to be generated is generated by changing continuously or discretely with a signal obtained by processing a noise signal.
According to the present transmission system, since no synchronization operation is required, the periodicity of the frequency change pattern necessary for the synchronization operation is not required, and it is not necessary to have a certain frequency for a certain period of time. Is completely irregular so that the same thing never appears, and the speed and direction of the change in the frequency change may be completely irregular. Further, a signal having a plurality of frequencies may be combined there.
By this way, signals of varying frequency spread carrier c _T and despread carrier c _R, more to estimate the waveform of discovering and spread input objects for the presence of diffusion output object from the signal transmission medium It can be made difficult, and can contribute to the improvement of confidentiality and confidentiality.

As described above, the carrier processing unit 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus composed of only simple circuit elements that can be realized monolithically without using special elements, and is an impulse signal, burst signal, or frequency hopping. A signal whose frequency changes irregularly including a signal and a frequency chirp signal, and a spread carrier and a despread carrier in a form of arbitrarily combining them are supplied. According to the spread spectrum object transmission system to which the carrier processing apparatus according to the first embodiment is applied, noise resistance is improved and transmission capability is improved in a small and inexpensive manner with respect to the conventional spread spectrum communication system. , And improve confidentiality and confidentiality.

In the above description, an example in which the carrier processing apparatus according to the first embodiment is applied to a spread spectrum information system has been described as an example of this transmission system. However, as described above, this transmission system is limited to a spread spectrum information system. It is not a thing. Several transmission systems to which the carrier processing apparatus according to the first embodiment is applied will be described.

In various devices, especially devices using electronic circuits, an object called a clock is used. The signal that specifically represents the object is, for example, a rectangular wave with a fixed period. In such signal transmission, radiation with a high power density per unit frequency (hereinafter simply referred to as power density) occurs from the transmission circuit, which is a source of noise intruding into peripheral electronic circuits and electronic devices. When the carrier processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the circuit, the power density of radiation can be reduced.

This will be specifically described. In the configuration of the transmission system shown in FIG. 1, the spread input object is, for example, a rectangular wave with a constant frequency.
At this time, the elementary noise signal source 10 is set so that the spread carrier and the despread carrier supplied by the carrier processing unit 1 become a signal in which the spectrum is uniformly distributed up to a frequency of 1000 times or more the frequency of the rectangular wave. . Then, the spectrum-spread rectangular wave transmitted by the transmission medium 7 has a spectrum distributed at a low power density in a very wide frequency band with respect to the original rectangular wave. In the despreading module, the despreading means multiplies the despread input object and the despread carrier, and the multiplied signal is, for example, a low-pass signal whose passband is a frequency band lower than the original rectangular wave frequency. The filtered signal is output as a despread output object. According to such a filter, only the fundamental wave component is extracted and output from the spectrum of the original rectangular wave and the harmonic component is lost. Therefore, the waveform of the signal output as the despread output object is a sine wave. If the output signal requires a rectangular waveform of the diffuse input object, the sine wave is shaped by, for example, a comparator. Also, this waveform is out of phase with the rectangular wave of the original diffusion input object due to the influence of the filter, transmission medium, and signal processing circuit. At this time, if phase matching with the original waveform is necessary, the characteristics of the filter, transmission medium, and signal processing circuit are already known. For example, the phase correction circuit compensates for the phase change received by the filter. You can do it.

In general, noise radiated from a rectangular wave propagating through a transmission line has a problem with a specific time and energy component of a specific narrow frequency band. Since the instantaneous total radiation energy can be reduced and the energy of a narrow band is also reduced, it can be said that the noise entering into other electronic circuits and electronic devices is significantly smaller than that in the case where the spectrum is not spread.

In order to reduce the clock noise radiated from the transmission line of the clock signal, conventionally, the clock signal is diffused by giving a minute amount of irregular fluctuation around the clock frequency to the clock signal. ing. In the conventional spectrum spreading performed on the clock signal, since the spectrum despreading operation is not involved, the spread width of the spectrum is limited to a very small amount. Therefore, the total power of the clock noise radiated from the transmission path is also reduced. The effect of reducing the power density in a narrow band is also limited.

In contrast, the effect of reducing the power density of noise radiated from a transmission line (corresponding to the transmission medium 7) using this transmission system is remarkable. Further, if this transmission system is used, not only the influence of noise radiated from the transmission line but also the object to be transmitted can be prevented from being influenced by other noise. When the carrier processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied only for the purpose of reducing the power density of clock noise radiated from the transmission line, the influence of noise entering from the outside in the transmission medium 7 is reduced. Therefore, even if the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread carrier and the despread carrier is kept relatively low, such as several times to several tens of times, for the frequency of the rectangular wave that is the spread input object, the intended effect is It can be expected.

From the perspective of reducing the effects of clock noise radiation and noise entering the clock signal from the outside in the transmission of the clock signal described above, the configuration of this transmission system is not limited to noise radiation or external power transmission. It can contribute to reducing the influence of intruding noise.

As an example for the description, this transmission system which transmits electric power with the alternating current of the sine wave of 400 Hz can be mentioned. Since the frequency of this power is in the audible frequency band, if the transmission cable is wired close to the telephone line or the audio line, it will infiltrate the telephone or audio system by electromagnetic induction, etc. It produces noise called harsh hum.
Application of this transmission system to such a power transmission system is, for example, a sine wave AC power of 400 Hz in the configuration shown in FIG. In this example, the occupied frequency band of the spread carrier and the despread carrier is, for example, about 1000 times the 400 Hz that is the frequency of the spread input object to be transmitted. In the case where the present transmission system is applied only for the purpose of reducing the power density of power supply noise induced from the transmission line (transmission medium 7), it is not necessary to reduce the influence of noise entering from the outside in the transmission medium 7. Therefore, the occupied frequency bandwidth of the spread carrier and the despread carrier may be kept relatively low, for example, several times to several tens of times with respect to the frequency that is the spread input object to be transmitted.

As described above, by applying the carrier processing apparatus according to the present embodiment, the magnetic field or electric field radiated from the electric wire (transmission medium 7) for supplying electric power to the surroundings becomes irregular and wide-banded. Is significantly lower than when the carrier processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is not applied. As a result, even if the transmission cable of the transmission medium 7 is wired close to a telephone line or an audio line, noise entering the telephone or audio system is a spectrum that spreads over a wide frequency band with a low power density. , It can not be annoying specific frequency noise.

Thus, according to the configuration of the present transmission system, the effect of spread spectrum communication can be provided even for power transmission that does not express information.

The characteristics unique to spread spectrum such as noise resistance achieved by a series of processes of spread spectrum and spread spectrum have been used only for purposes such as information communication and ranging. However, according to the point that one of the features of the carrier processing apparatus according to the present embodiment, the spread carrier and the despread carrier are processed and supplied from a common noise signal, a new application that has never existed is created. is there.
As an example of application, FIGS. 3 and 4 show a system for detecting a signal having a broadband property against an object.

In this application, a radio wave signal having a certain frequency band is used as a noise signal. The radio wave signal used at that time is a signal having a power density that can be clearly recognized as being higher than the power density of what is called background noise that constitutes the floor of the spectrum distribution of that frequency band. is there. For example, in a frequency band used for general radio broadcasting, the broadcast signal becomes a noise signal component. Further, for example, in the frequency band of the radio broadcast during a thunderstorm, the lightning discharge noise also exhibits a spectrum with a clearly higher power density than the background noise, so that it can also be used for the noise signal. In this application, such broadcast signals and lightning discharge signals are used as noise signals.
In the configuration shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the noise signal supply unit 2 is, for example, spreading the carrier processing means 13 opposite the signals present in the frequency band of medium wave AM radio broadcasting 1600KHz from 560KHz as the noise signal _{x W} Commonly supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means 15.
The state shown in FIG. 3 shows a state in which the noise signal supply unit 2 supplies all the signals of various broadcast signals existing in the entire frequency band as one noise signal to the spreading module and the despreading module. Thus, this state is a steady state.
On the other hand, the state shown in FIG. 4 shows a state in which the noise signal supply unit 2 supplies a lightning discharge signal as a noise signal to the diffusion module and the despreading module. A detection state of a signal having broadband characteristics is set.

On the other hand, in FIGS. 3 and 4, as the diffusion input object a _T , a sine wave having a constant frequency is always supplied to the diffusion means 14 of the diffusion module 3.
Diffusing carrier processing means 13 supplies to the spreading means 14 machined to a noise signal x _T to be input to the diffusion carrier c _T. Spreading means 14, the spread input object a _T multiplied by the spreading carrier c _T, and outputs the result as a diffusion output object s.
In the system shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a noise source 17a and an adding means 17b are arranged between the spreading module 3 and the despreading module 4 as elements corresponding to the transmission medium 7 in the spread spectrum information transmission system. Yes.
The noise m output from the noise source 17a is added to the diffuse output object s by the adding means 17b. In the case of the model of the conventional spread spectrum information transmission system, this can be said to be exactly the same situation as when noise is superimposed on the spread output object in the transmission medium.
A diffusion output object s on which noise m is superimposed is input to the despreading module 4 as a despreading input object h. Despreading the carrier processing means 15, and supplies the processed noise signal x _R input from the noise signal supply unit 2 to the despread carrier c _R despreading means 16. Despreading means 16, the despreading input object h by multiplying said despread carrier c _R, and outputs the result as despread output object a _R.

Next, details of the operation of the present embodiment will be described from the operation in the steady state shown in FIG.
In this state, the noise signal supplying section 2 is the noise signal x _W supplied in common to the despreading carrier processing means 15 and the diffusion carrier processing means 13, which consists only of points of higher number of broadcast signal electric field strength Signal. Since the far-field broadcast signal has a low electric field strength, its spectrum is indistinguishable from the background noise and does not become a component of the noise signal. The spectrum of an AM broadcast signal only spreads around an audible frequency range of several KHz around the carrier frequency of the broadcast signal, which is a spectrum of spectrum like a line spectrum when viewed from the entire frequency band of AM radio broadcasting. There is no spread. Since the noise signal in the steady state includes several such broadcast signals, the spectrum is a sparse comb-like spectrum in which several linear spectra having different heights exist in the frequency band of AM radio broadcasting. The object has no broadband property against the object. Here, in order to facilitate understanding of the following description, it is assumed that there is only one broadcast signal, which is a single line spectrum at a position of 1000 KHz.
In this application example, processing from a noise signal to a spread carrier or a despread carrier uses a signal in the entire AM radio broadcast frequency band as the only input signal, and simply makes a pair reflecting the spread of the spectrum as it is. It creates signal spread carriers and despread carriers, and does not perform processing that increases the complexity of waveforms and waveform patterns. For example, the input noise signal is processed into a signal having an absolute value not equal to zero but a positive / negative binary value with reference to zero. Here, description will be made assuming that the processing to the spread carrier and the despread carrier is binarization as in the example.
Further, as the line spectrum of the spectrum only one broadcast signal is that the noise signal x _W is a sine wave of fixed frequency. Then, and performs processing of binarizing the signal relative to zero, and to the spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R a rectangular wave having a constant frequency. Frequency of the square wave is the frequency of the original sine wave, it is because the frequency of the carrier of the broadcast signal, the spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R in the steady state, the same as the original broadcast signal A sparse comb-like spectrum structure composed of the frequency and the line spectrum of the odd-order harmonics is a non-object wideband signal. Its harmonic component is smaller than the spectrum of the same frequency as the broadcast signals, because many of the frequency higher than the frequency band of the AM radio broadcast, wherein the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R broadcast original The description will be made assuming that only the spectrum of the same frequency as the signal is present. Its diffusion carrier c _T is the diffusion means, despreading carrier c _R is supplied to the despreading means.

On the other hand, the diffusion input object a _T, to the spectrum of the various AM radio broadcast to obtain the noise signal considers the frequency band versus object broadband property distributed, in the frequency domain to obtain a noise signal frequency of the spread input object a _T It is assumed that it is much smaller than the upper limit frequency, for example, one hundredth or less. Here, the diffusion input object a _T is described as a 1 KHz sine wave corresponding to 1600 of the upper limit frequency 1600 KHz of the AM radio broadcast frequency band for obtaining a noise signal. The spectrum of the diffuse input object a _T is a single line spectrum at a frequency position of 1 KHz.
Diffusion means comprises a diffusion input object _{a T} line spectrum of the 1 KHz, it multiplies the spread carrier _{c T} line spectrum of 1000 KHz, and outputs to the transmission medium and the resulting diffusion output object s.
As already mentioned, this operation is balanced modulator operation performed by the diffusion means, the diffusion output object s obtained therefrom, only the frequency component of the sine wave of the diffusion input object a _T from the position of the line spectrum of the spread carrier c _T The spectrum is composed of two sidebands at positions separated from each other. That is, the diffusion output object s is composed of two line spectra having the same length of 999 KHz and 1001 KHz. As described above, according to the noise signal having only one line spectrum, the spread output object s becomes a signal having no broadband property against the object whose spectrum is not widely spread. The diffusion module outputs this diffusion output object to the transmission medium with some appropriate energy.

Next, in the transmission medium 7, noise m is superimposed on the diffusion output object s. At this time, a signal that strongly interferes with the diffusion output object s transmitted on the transmission medium in a steady state is used as the noise m. That is, using a signal having a spectrum of energy equal to or higher than that of the diffusion output object s in the frequency domain of the spectrum of the diffusion output object s. Specifically, for example, the noise m is the same as that of the diffusion output object s. It is to make it a sine wave signal of energy 999 KHz and 1001 KHz. Here, it is assumed that the noise m is a signal having the same energy as that of the diffusion output object s, and is composed of spectra of 999 KHz and 1001 KHz. The noise m may have any phase relationship with respect to the diffuse output object. For example, 999 KHz and 1001 KHz sine wave transmitters are used for the noise m supply unit.
Subsequently, despreading module inputs the spreading output object s this noise m is superimposed as despreading input object h, performs despreading operation by multiplying the despread carrier c _R it in despreading means. In this example, the despread carrier c _R using the same signal and the spread carrier c _T. This despreading operation is the calculation operation shown in Equation 21, and the despreading means outputs the result obtained by applying a filter that passes the spectrum of the occupied frequency band of the spread input object to the signal obtained therefrom as a despread object. To do.
Among the results of the despreading operation shown in Equation 21, the signal of the first term on the right side is the spread output object s, which is two line spectra at the frequency positions of 999 KHz and 1001 KHz, and one line spectrum at 1000 KHz. it is a signal obtained by balanced modulation by despreading the carrier c _R is.
According to this, a spectrum of 1 KHz and 1999 KHz is generated from a 999 KHz component of the spread output object s and a 1000 KHz component of the despread carrier c _R , and a 1001 KHz component of the spread output object s and a 1000 KHz component of the despread carrier c _R Produces components of 1 KHz and 2001 KHz. Since the original signal energy is equally distributed to each spectrum generated at this time, the ratio of the energy distributed to each spectrum of 1 KHz, 1999 KHz and 2001 KHz is 2: 1: 1. Among them, only the spectrum of the original 1 kHz diffused input object passes through a filter that passes the frequency component of the diffused input object provided in the despreading means, and appears in the output of the despreading means, Become.

On the other hand, among the results of the despreading operation shown in Equation 21, the signal of the second term on the right side is the despread that is the noise m of the two line spectrum configurations at the frequency positions of 999 KHz and 1001 KHz and the line spectrum of 1000 KHz. This is a signal obtained by balanced modulation with a carrier.
According to it, from the components of 1000KHz of 999KHz component despreading carrier _{c R} noise m occurs spectrum of 1KHz and 1999KHz, and 1KHz from components of 1000KHz of 1001KHz components despreading carrier _{c R} noise m A spectrum of 2001 KHz results. Since the energy of the original signal is equally distributed to each spectrum generated at this time, the ratio of the energy distributed to each spectrum of 1 KHz, 1999 KHz, and 2001 KHz is the signal of the second term on the right side of Equation 21. It becomes the same as the energy distribution ratio of 2: 1: 1. As described above, according to the despread carrier having no broadband property against the object, the signal in the second term on the right side of Equation 21 is a signal having no broadband property against the object. Among them, the spectrum input in the same frequency domain as the occupied frequency band of the 1 KHz spread input object passes through the filter that passes the frequency component of the spread input object provided in the despreading means and appears at the output of the despreading means Becomes a component of the object.
Here, with respect to the energy of the signal of each term on the right side of Equation 21 indicating the despreading operation, the ratio of the energy of the component of the first term and the energy of the component of the second term is the energy of the diffusion output object s in the despread input object. And the ratio of the energy of the noise m.
At this time, since the noise m superimposed on the diffusion output object s in the transmission medium is the same energy as the energy of the diffusion output object s, the energy of the signal of each term on the right side of the expression 21 indicating the despreading operation is It can be said that the ratio of the energy of the component and the energy of the component of the second term is 1: 1.

Among the components of the first term and the second term, the filter that allows the frequency component of the diffused input object to pass can be passed through, for example, when a low-pass filter of 1 KHz is used as the filter. There is only a 1 KHz component, and the 1 KHz component has an energy distribution ratio of 50% among the components of the first and second terms. Therefore, the signal that passes through the filter and is output as the despread output object has the energy obtained at the same distribution ratio from the components of the first term and the second term on the right-hand side of Equation 21 having the energy ratio of 1: 1. Since it is a signal, it can be seen that the despread output object is a signal composed of a diffuse input object component having the same energy and a noise m component.
In this case, the diffuse input object component and the noise m component are both 1 KHz signals but are not synchronized, so there is some phase difference between them, thereby synthesizing the two signals. The signal will be different from the waveform of the diffuse input object.
Here, the noise m is a signal intended to strongly interfere with the diffusion output object s transmitted on the transmission medium in the steady state. As a result of the interference, the despread output object in the steady state is the waveform of the diffusion input object. Always stay away from Therefore, in actual application, a signal obtained by modulating a signal of 1 KHz with an irregular signal at a power density higher than that of the diffusion output object is used as the noise m. As a result, in a steady state, the despread output object always has a waveform far from the diffuse input object.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, if the noise signal supplied from the noise signal supply unit does not have a broadband property against an object, the object transmission mechanism of this system has noise resistance specific to the spread spectrum communication method. Since it cannot be obtained, the influence of noise intentionally superimposed for the purpose of obstructing the faithful transmission of the object on the transmission medium cannot be suppressed, and the signal waveform input to the diffusion input object is faithful to the despread output object. Cannot output.
In this state, for example, a comparator (not shown) is provided after the despreading means to compare the despread output object and the diffuse input object from time to time, and a state in which the signals coincide continuously for a predetermined period or longer. It is possible to detect by obtaining a comparison result that there is not.
Here, it has been described that there is only one broadcast signal, which is a single line spectrum at a position of 1000 KHz. However, the above operation can be performed even when a signal used as a noise signal in a steady state has a plurality of broadcast signal spectra. Are the same. However, in that case, for example, the noise m also has a plurality of spectra so that the noise m strongly interferes with each spectrum corresponding to each broadcast signal appearing in the spread output object.

Next, details of the operation of the present embodiment will be described in the state of detection of a signal having a broadband property against an object shown in FIG.
In this state, the noise signal supplying section 2 is the noise signal x _W supplied in common to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and despreading the carrier processing means 15 is intended to broadcast signals and lightning signal is mixed.
Lightning discharges appear to be an instantaneous phenomenon to the human eye, but in reality, a discharge that flows continuously for a period of time with a huge current that changes in size irregularly is irregular for a very short period of time. It is known that this phenomenon occurs many times in a concentrated manner. In addition, it is well known that the lightning discharge phenomenon continuously radiates impulse-like electromagnetic waves having a very wide spectrum with a huge power density. The signal from such lightning discharge is a powerful signal with a high power density that exceeds the broadcast signal in the frequency band occupied by any broadcast signal over a wide frequency band of 560 KHz to 1600 KHz over the entire frequency band of AM radio broadcasting. Therefore, a noise signal in which a broadcast signal and a lightning discharge signal are mixed is actually composed of only a lightning discharge signal. Here, it is assumed that the noise signal is composed only of a lightning discharge signal, and the noise signal has an occupied frequency band of 2000 KHz or more, and is a signal having a spectrum distribution of the high power density over the entire frequency band. Will be described. That is, the noise signal in the detection state of the signal having the broadband property to the object is a signal having the broadband property to the object.

Diffusing carrier processing means 13 and despreading the carrier processing means 15 receives the noise signal x _W based on lightning discharge signal provided from the noise signal supply unit 2 in common, the spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R Process. Processing into diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R is the same as that used in the description of FIG. 3, the binary positive and negative absolute value is compared with zero on the basis of the noise signal to be inputted is equal not zero It is the processing of binarization to make the signal to take. Diffusing carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R spectrum over a wide frequency band is created by binarizing a noise signal distributed is a binary signal spectrum is distributed over the noise signal as well as a wide frequency band. Here, a description will be given as a diffusion carrier c _T also despread carrier c _R also has a noise signal as well as paired object broadband property having an occupied frequency band of more than 2000KHz signal. Its diffusion carrier c _T is the diffusion means, despreading carrier c _R is supplied to the despreading means.
Diffusing means multiplies the spread carrier c _T and the diffusion input object a _T, and outputs to the transmission medium and the resulting diffusion output object s. The spreading means performed at this time is a balanced modulation operation.
Given a collection of countless line spectrum spread diffusion carrier c _T to the frequency band of 2000 kHz, the signal obtained by the a line spectrum of the signal and the 1KHz of one line spread spectrum input object a _T by balanced modulation Is a spectrum signal composed of two sidebands at a frequency position of 1 KHz before and after the frequency of the line spectrum of the spread carrier, similar to the result of the spreading operation in the steady state. Considering the whole myriad line spectrum of the balanced modulation diffusion carrier c _T which effect the spread frequency band of 2000KHz of the resulting signal, the spectrum over 1KHz wide frequency band than the frequency band occupied diffusion carrier c _T It can be seen that the signal is distributed. That is, the diffusion output object s is spread by spectrum spreading carrier c _T, the signal spectrum over a similarly wide frequency band and diffusion carrier c _T had a counterion object broadband property distribution. Here, the diffusion output object s is also described as comprising a signal having an occupied frequency band of 2000KHz like the diffusion carrier c _T.

Also, the energy given to the diffusion output object s output from the diffusion means to the transmission medium is the same as the total energy given to the diffusion output object output from the diffusion means to the transmission medium in the steady state. In the steady state, the spread output object s transmitted with the energy concentrated in the narrow occupied frequency band called the line spectrum is transmitted with the energy spread in a wide frequency band of 2000 KHz in the detection state of the signal having the broadband property against the object. Is done. The power density of the diffused output object s at this time is as small as 1 / 2,000,000 of the power density of the diffused output object s in the steady state, for example, when the width of the line spectrum of the diffused output object s in the steady state is 1 Hz. Value.

Next, in the transmission medium 7, noise m is superimposed on the diffusion output object s. The noise m is a signal having the same energy as that of the steady-state diffuse output object s, and is composed of spectra of 999 KHz and 1001 KHz.
Subsequently, despreading module inputs the spreading output object s this noise m is superimposed as despreading input object h, performs despreading operation by multiplying the despread carrier c _R it in despreading means. This despreading operation is the calculation operation shown in Equation 21, and the despreading means outputs the result obtained by applying a filter that passes the spectrum of the occupied frequency band of the spread input object to the signal obtained therefrom as a despread object. To do.
Among the results of the despreading operation shown in Equation 21, the signal of the first term on the right side is spread in the frequency band of 2000 KHz as well as the component of the spread output object s having a spectrum spread in the frequency band of 2000 KHz. Is a signal obtained from c _R with a despread carrier having a different spectrum, but the spread carrier c _T component of the spread output object s and c _R with the despread carrier are a special relationship that establishes Equation 5, regardless of the spectral distribution of the c _R with diffused output object s and despreading the carrier, the only one line spectrum spreading an input object a _T.
The spread output object s is regarded as a collection of innumerable line spectra spread over the frequency band of 2000 KHz, and similarly, c _R is regarded as a collection of infinite line spectra spread over the frequency band of 2000 KHz with despread carriers. The operation of the first term on the right-hand side of Equation 21 to obtain only one line spectrum of the diffuse input object a _T by multiplying the spectra with each other is the operation of the diffuse output object diffused with a minute power density in the frequency band of 2000 KHz. It can be said to be an operation of collecting energy and returning the energy distribution to the original occupied frequency band of the diffuse input object.

On the other hand, among the results of the despreading operation shown in Equation 21, the signal of the second term on the right side is a spectrum in which noise m of two line spectrum configurations at frequency positions of 999 KHz and 1001 KHz is spread over a frequency band of 2000 KHz. Is a signal obtained by balanced modulation with c _{R using a} despread carrier having
Considering the despread carrier c _R as a collection of innumerable line spectra spread over the frequency band of 2000 KHz, the signal m of the one line spectrum and the noise m, which is two line spectra of 999 KHz and 1001 KHz, are balanced-modulated. The obtained signal is a spectrum signal composed of four sidebands at frequency positions of 999 KHz before and after and 1001 KHz before and after the frequency of the line spectrum of the despread carrier, similarly to the result at the time of the spreading operation in the steady state. It becomes. Considering the whole myriad line spectrum of the balanced modulation despread carrier c _R effect a spread frequency band of 2000KHz of the resulting signal, 1001KHz over a wide frequency band than the frequency band occupied despread carrier c _R It can be seen that the signal is distributed in spectrum. That is, the diffusion is diffused in the spectrum of the carrier c _T, diffusion output object s becomes a signal having a pair object broadband property spectrum are distributed over a wide frequency band similar to the diffusion carrier c _T. Here, the second term on the right side of Equation 21 will be described as a signal having an occupied frequency band of 2000 KHz or more.

Here, with respect to the energy of the signal of each term on the right side of Equation 21 indicating the despreading operation, the ratio of the energy of the component of the first term and the energy of the component of the second term is the energy of the diffusion output object s in the despread input object. And the ratio of the energy of the noise m.
At this time, since the noise m superimposed on the diffusion output object s in the transmission medium is the same energy as the energy of the diffusion output object s, the energy of the signal of each term on the right side of the expression 21 indicating the despreading operation is It can be said that the ratio of the energy of the component and the energy of the component of the second term is 1: 1.
Among the components of the first term and the second term, when the low-pass filter of 1 KHz is used for the filter, for example, the filter can pass the frequency component of the diffusion input object. In the detection state of the signal having the first component, the component of the first term is the component of the diffuse input object having the energy of 100%, and the second component of the second component is that the energy is 2000 KHz or more. This component is suppressed to a ratio of the pass bandwidth of the low-pass filter of 1 KHz to the occupied frequency bandwidth of the term component.

Therefore, the energy ratio of those components included in the signal that passes through the filter and is output as the despread output object is more than 2000 times as the energy ratio of the component of the diffusion input object to the noise influence component. I understand that. That is, the noise influence energy is only 1/20 or less of the energy of the component of the diffuse input object. The despread output object obtained as a result contains almost no influence of noise, so that the waveform of the diffuse input object appears faithfully. Note that the signal spectrum obtained in the second term on the right side of Equation 21 has a component with a negative frequency exactly as in the case of the first term, and that component goes to the positive frequency region with frequency zero as a boundary. Since it is a folded spectrum distribution, the spectrum distribution is not strictly uniform. However, as described above, since the influence on the diffusion input object is small, the influence is ignored.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the noise signal supplied from the noise signal supply unit has a broadband property with respect to the object, the object transmission mechanism of the present system has the noise resistance characteristic of the spread spectrum communication method. Thus, the influence of noise intentionally superimposed for the purpose of obstructing the faithful transmission of the object on the transmission medium can be suppressed, and the signal waveform of the spread input object can be faithfully output to the despread output object.
In this state, for example, a comparator (not shown) is provided at the output of the despreading means, and the despread output object and the diffuse input object are compared every moment, and the state in which these signals are continuously matched for a predetermined period or longer is determined. It is possible to detect by the comparison result.

Thus, according to this embodiment, the object transmission mechanism to the noise signal x _W does not have a pair object broadband property in the steady state is not the noise resistance can be obtained, the noise thereby intentionally superimposed effect diffusion input object a _T as despreading output object a _R can not be SN good output can not be eliminated. On the other hand, versus the object transmission mechanism by having a pairs object wideband noise signal x _W signal detection state of having an object broadband performance resulting noise resistance, eliminating the influence of noise is intentionally superimposed by it despreading module to can diffuse input object a _T SN may output a despread output object a _R. That is, in this transmission system, a signal having a broadband property against an object such as lightning discharge can be detected.
The configuration of this transmission system is not limited to the detection of lightning discharge, but can be used for detection of a signal having a broadband property with respect to any object and evaluation of a broadband property with respect to any signal. is there. Furthermore, using the fact that the configuration of this transmission system requires a noise signal with a cross-correlation established between the spreading module and the despreading module, the phase difference of an arbitrary irregular signal is evaluated, the direction is identified, etc. Can also be applied.
Such a new application that is neither information transmission nor distance measurement, which was a conventional spread spectrum application, is possible because the carrier supply unit of this transmission system is different from the conventional spread spectrum communication system, A despreading carrier and despreading carrier having a signal relationship that forms a pair of irregularities with an object wideband by processing a common noise signal that has an object widebandness with the despreading module. It is because it has the characteristic structure of creating.

As described above, according to the spread spectrum object transmission system to which the carrier processing apparatus according to the first embodiment is applied, the wideband property of an arbitrary signal with respect to an object, which is neither information transmission nor distance measurement, which is a conventional spread spectrum application. It can be said that it can be applied to the evaluation. That is, it is possible to pioneer a new application of spread spectrum that is neither communication nor distance measurement.

In the description of the principle and application of the present transmission system so far, the object to be transmitted can be grasped by a time function, and the case of the system that converts the object into an electric signal and transmits it has been described. The application area of the carrier processing apparatus and the object transmission system according to the present invention is not limited to this. Even if an object to be transmitted is captured by, for example, a state variable of a position function, the object can be applied to the present transmission system.
As an example, a signal processing process of the present transmission system for processing a planar image will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 5 shows a model in which a predetermined area 20a of the planar image 20 such as a poster or a photograph is expressed as a two-dimensional arrangement of minute pixels. For example, in an image in which a fine pattern such as a background portion of a snap image shown in FIG. 5 or an aerial photograph of a densely populated residential area appears at random, in the linear pixel array 21a, the pixel in the direction of the array 21a The brightness changes irregularly. This transmission system are those available a sequence of luminance changes irregularly on such image noise signal x _W, FIG. 7, there is shown an overall diagram of such a present transmission system.

7 noise signal supplying section 2 shown in, with the noise signal x _W of the one-dimensional from the two-dimensional image is defined in the region 20a to noise image in image 20, the diffusion module 3 despreading module 4 And supply to. Specifically, the noise signal supply unit 2 is, for example, a scanner that reads analog gray state distribution information of an image as digital data. The scanner 2 is arranged in a dimensionally sequentially reads the data used as a noise signal x _W from the two-dimensional image by scanning the two-dimensional noise image, spreading the carrier and the data string 21a as a noise signal x _T and the noise signal x _R This is supplied to the processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15. Although a region where read as FIG. 5, the noise signal x _W as one of the linear regions 21 on the plane image 20a, in practice, as the scanning of the bright points of the TV screen of the raster scan, pixels adjacent to vertical a region for reading the entire image plane 20a as a noise signal x _W connects the column. In the following, the noise signal x _W will be described as a one-dimensional data sequence to be read in the manner that.

Diffusing carrier processing means 13 to process the noise signal x _T to spread carrier c _T, and supplies the spread carrier c _T to the diffusion unit 14.
On the other hand, the diffusion input object a _T is supplied to the diffusion means 14 by the action of the transmission object source 5 and the diffusion input object input means 6.

The transmission object source 5 is a supply source of the transmission object o _T to be transmitted in the present transmission system, and the transmission object o _T is, for example, some information. The transmission object source 5 supplies the transmission object o _T to the diffusion input object input means 6. When the transmission object o _T is inputted, the diffusion input object input means 6 creates a diffusion input object a _T in the form of a one-dimensional data string corresponding to the transmission object o _T and limited to an area having an occupied frequency band. Output toward. The operation of the diffusion input object input means 6 is an operation called so-called primary modulation. For example, when a sine wave having a fixed frequency is subjected to primary modulation by BPSK, the information to be transmitted is digitized, and 1 bit is obtained from 0 degree of the sine wave. A half-cycle waveform up to 180 degrees is associated, and if the waveform is on the positive side, it is 1 and if it is on the negative side, the diffuse input object represents information.
At this time, the spread input object input unit 6 supplies the spread input object a _T as a signal of the same form as the noise signal x _T and diffusion carrier c _T. Specifically, for example, spread input object input unit 6 supplies the spread input object a _T, at a one-dimensional form of the data string 22 as a noise signal x _T.

6 is for explaining the spread input object a _T in the form of one-dimensional data sequence. In this example, 1 and 0 and the 60 bits of information alternating, it is an spread input object a _T by primary modulation with BPSK described above. The diffused input object input means 6 has the amplitude value of each sine wave waveform with respect to the sine wave period, for example, one thousandth of the sine wave half period waveform generated by the primary modulation. sampled at intervals of a minute width Delta] z, to form a data string 22 to be an aggregate of the diffusion input object a _T side by side the sample values in one dimension.
Specifically, such a diffused input object input means 6 is, for example, a computer equipped with a program for generating a numerical sequence of sine waves having the meaning of FIG. 6 by numerical calculation.
Spread input object input unit 6 sequentially reads the data from the head of the data string 22 in this order, and supplies the spreading means 14 it as spread input object a _T.
Spreading means 14, the spread carrier c _T, the multiplying from the data string 22 sequentially reads data (spread input object a _T), the results arranged in one-dimensional data strings 23a as a diffusion output object s. This is performed in a manner similar to that created the data string 22, for example, spread input object a _T, by software for example on a computer.

The formation of the data string 23a of the diffusion output object s by the diffusion means 14 described above is performed for the data string 22 corresponding to all objects to be transmitted.
The formation of the data string 23a, with the data string 22 corresponding to the object, as a data string of the spread carrier c _T, is required data sequence consisting of the same number of data as the number of data constituting the data string 22. In order to create the data sequence of the spread carrier, for example, the luminance data sequence 21a of the noise image having the same number of data as that is required. The area of the noise image has a size that can supply a luminance data string having a size required for such object transmission, for example. For example, a region 20a of an image provided in the planar image 20 shown in FIG. 5 is a region having a size determined in this way.
On the other hand, the data string 23a of the diffusion output object s output from the diffusion means 14 is logically a one-dimensional data string, but the physical form of the data string used in the actual transmission 24 may be arbitrary. Is.

The transmission medium conversion 7 a converts the diffusion output object s output from the diffusion means as a one-dimensional data string into a form used in the actual transmission 24. For example, when the actual transmission 24 is carried by a moving person, the data string 23a of the diffusion output object s does not correspond to a one-dimensional data string, but corresponds to a two-dimensional plane like a planar image 20a shown in FIG. A plane image expressed by a two-dimensional data string may be used. In this case, the transmission medium conversion 7a means a form conversion of a data string from one dimension to two dimensions and a form conversion from electronic data to a flat print image, for example, using a printing machine. In the following description, it is assumed that the diffusion output object s transmitted in the actual transmission 24 is in the form of a flat print image that is converted and printed on paper as described above.
The object moved from the spreading module to the despreading module in the transmission 24 is input to the despreading module 4 as the data string 23b of the one-dimensional despreading input object h again in accordance with the data processing mode in the despreading module. The form of the diffusion output object s in the form adapted to the process of transmission 24 is converted again in the process of being input to the despreading module 4. The transmission medium conversion 7b indicates the form conversion. For example, when the diffusion output object s is transmitted in the form of a planar image, the transmission medium conversion 7b is converted from an image to electronic data, and from two dimensions to one dimension. Performs data row format conversion. Specifically, for example, a scanner is used for this.

Despreading module 4, like the diffusion module 3, the noise signal supply unit 2 inputs the noise signal x _W of the one-dimensional data strings supplied as a noise signal x _R. Data string of the noise signal x _R may be the data string itself supplied as a noise signal x _T diffusion module, may be one which has been stored it, obtained by scanning again the same image in the same way It can be a data string. Despreading the carrier processing means 15, creates a despread carrier c _R by processing the data string of the noise signal x _R input, and supplies the despread carrier c _R despreading means 16.
Despreading means 16, the despreading carrier c _R, multiplied by despreading input object h, and outputs the despread output object a _R. The despread output object a _R is also data of the one-dimensional data string 25.
The waveform of the graph obtained by sequentially plotting the data of the data string 25 of the despread output object a _R at regular intervals is the waveform of the diffusion input object a _{T in} FIG. 6, and the waveform constituting the graph is from 0 to 180 degrees. If the arrangement of sinusoidal waveforms with a period of up to 20 degrees is analyzed, information represented by the arrangement, that is, an object can be extracted. Reference numeral 8 in FIG. 7 denotes diffusion output object output means for extracting and outputting a transmission object o _R that is an object transmitted from the data string 25 by some method.
In these operations, the elements of the data string 21a to the processing material of the despread carrier c _R to be multiplied by an element of the data string 23b at the despreading means 16, the element of a data string 23a which is the source of the data row 23b is diffused module in such diffuse carrier processing means 13 in order to create the data string of the spread carrier c _T a diffuser is used when it is created the same as the element of the data string 21a used for processing materials, data from each data string Are arranged in the order in which data is read out and data is written to the data string.

Thus, according to the principle of this transmission system, it is possible to transmit information by spread spectrum using data that does not change with time.

Spread spectrum communication has noise resistance against noise superimposed on the spread output object in the transmission path for transmitting the spread output object. In FIG. 7, in the course of some transmission 24 in which an image including the data sequence 23a is sent as an image used for despreading, noise unrelated to the individual pixel data in the data sequence 23a is present in the image. Even if they are superimposed, the influence of the noise on the despread output object can be reduced regardless of the characteristics of the noise.
For example, noise may be superimposed on the image. For example, ink may be spilled on the image, but other than this, another image in the image of the diffusion output object may be actively superimposed.

Specifically, for example, a person's photographic image is superimposed on image information obtained by spectrum-spreading some character information. Even if such noise is superimposed, the influence of noise can be eliminated by the noise resistance of spread spectrum communication. At this time, since the image information obtained by spectrum-spreading the character information may be smaller grayscale information than the person image to be superimposed, the grayscale information of the person image is dominant in the grayscale information of the image obtained by combining the two images. Can do. As a result, in the image obtained by synthesizing the two images, the image information obtained by spectrally diffusing the character information only looks like a slight noise, and the existence thereof is virtually unknown.

This is used, for example, for imprinting information on photographic images. For example, it is an application of imprinting guidance information on a specific building in an aerial photograph image of a city street. At this time, for example, two types of information, that is, the coordinates on the photographic image and the name of the building at the coordinate position are combined to form a diffusion input object. On the other hand, image information as a noise signal source used as a processing material of the diffusion / despreading carrier may use an appropriate portion of the aerial image. A spread output object obtained by performing spectrum spread on a spread input object with a spread carrier is superimposed on, for example, an image region around the building of the image. The image is subjected to the superimposition of the diffuse output object, but the value of the diffuse output object has a small absolute value, for example, about one-tenth of the width of the value taken by the shade information of the pixels constituting the image, and is randomly Because it changes, it looks the same as the original aerial photograph. When the inverse diffusion operation is performed on the gray level information sequence of the image read from the appropriate area of the image on which the diffusion output object is superimposed, the information of coordinates and name is obtained and the name is displayed at the coordinate position on the image. I can do it. When a plurality of such information embeddings are performed at different positions, a plurality of different diffusion output objects may be superimposed on a certain area on the image. Even in this case, due to the noise resistance of spread spectrum communication, the superimposed spread output object is affected by noise as a signal component other than the target signal or superimposed aerial photograph components for each piece of information in the despreading process. It is possible to extract only the signal of interest by eliminating it. The aerial photograph is much more accurate and rich in information than a simple pictorial map as geographical guidance information, but by applying this object transmission system, more information can be added to it. Become. Thus, according to the present transmission system, information can be imprinted on the image without changing the appearance of the image, and a new function can be provided to the image.

Note that, here, an example in which the transmission system performs information transmission using a planar image has been described. However, the application of the transmission system is not limited to a planar image, and data that represents a stereoscopic image or stored in a storage device. Arbitrary data may be used, such as dimensionless mass data.
In addition, here, the noise signal and the like are described in a one-dimensional form, but the expression form is not limited to one dimension, and may be two or more dimensions. In addition, although various data are represented as one-dimensional continuous data here, the representation form is not limited to the continuous form. It is also good as a data string that takes
Furthermore, although a noise signal or the like has been described as a digitally sampled data string here, the expression form is not limited to the digitally sampled data string form, and may be expressed as an analog continuous quantity.
Also, here, the image area for obtaining image information as a noise signal and the image area for imprinting the diffusion output object have not been described in particular. However, these areas may be arbitrarily determined, for example, image data for noise signals. The region may be a region in which the diffusion output object is embedded.

Next, the characteristics of this transmission system will be described.
First, it will be described that according to the present transmission system, the characteristics peculiar to the spread spectrum communication can be obtained equivalent to or better than the conventional spread spectrum communication system.

In this transmission system, since the noise signal is noise-accepting and the transmission of the diffuse output object is noise-resistant, there is no degradation in transmission performance due to noise entering the transmission medium. However, it is possible to provide a low interference susceptibility that an object can be transmitted in a state where it does not change. By using this characteristic, for example, an object can be transmitted even in an environment of intense lightning discharge noise.
In addition, the transmission system can provide a minute signal property that the object can be transmitted even with a minute energy signal regardless of the presence of other signals due to the noise resistance. If this characteristic is used, an object can be transmitted through a medium that receives a large attenuation, for example.
In addition, the transmission system has an influence on the operation of the transmission system by transmitting the object at a power density much lower than the existing noise regardless of the operation of the transmission system due to the noise resistance. It can provide low coherence. If this characteristic is used, for example, an object can be transmitted in a state where the influence on a device or a human body that does not like external interference is the same as a natural state.
In addition, the transmission system reduces the power consumption of the diffusion module by making the diffusion output object a minute power density much lower than the existing noise regardless of the operation of the transmission system due to the noise resistance. The low power consumption of the diffusion module can be provided. The low power consumption of the diffusion module includes the effect of reducing the power consumption of the diffusion module due to the solution of the problem of wasting electric power in the synchronization holding operation of the prior art described above. If this characteristic is used, for example, the diffusion module can be reduced in heat generation, long life, and small.

In addition, this transmission system does not require a complicated and large-scale synchronization device, compared to the conventional receiver with a built-in reference signal spread spectrum communication system using a large-scale synchronization device. Since the system can configure the despreading carrier processing means on a small scale, the despreading module can also provide lower power consumption than the conventional method. If this characteristic is used, for example, the despreading module can be reduced in heat generation, long life, and small.
In addition, the transmission system transmits the object at a power density lower than other signals called background noise that are already present regardless of the operation of the transmission system due to the noise resistance, and the transmission signal of the transmission system It is possible to provide secrecy that makes it difficult to find the presence by hiding the background noise. If this characteristic is used, for example, guide information or the like can be printed on the printed image without damaging the state of the original image.
In addition, the transmission system treats other target transmission signals as noise, shares the same transmission medium, and transmits the target object without being affected by the other target transmission signals. It can provide multiplicity to be performed simultaneously. If this characteristic is used, for example, asynchronous simultaneous multiplex transmission called code division multiplex transmission can be performed.

On the other hand, in the conventional spread spectrum communication, by using an irregular signal of a long period called a PN code as a spreading code and a despreading code, it is assumed that the spread output signal changes irregularly, and the original information is input from the signal waveform. In addition to making it difficult to estimate the signal, it is difficult to estimate and duplicate the despread code, and to make it difficult to restore the original information input signal from the spread output signal. On the other hand, this transmission system uses a signal that has no periodicity in the spread carrier and the despread carrier and may have any analog value, so that compared to the case of using a binary signal with a conventional periodicity, Estimating the original spread input object from the waveform of the spread output object and making it difficult to estimate and duplicate the despread code. Furthermore, by using a characteristic element of the noise signal to specify the position in the series direction, and using an irregular signal that is unrelated to the noise signal generated from the specified position as the noise signal, the above estimation and duplication can be further performed. Since it can be made difficult, it is possible to provide a secrecy more than the conventional spread spectrum communication.

Further, in the conventional spread spectrum communication, it has been difficult to achieve both suppression of transmission performance deterioration due to noise entering the transmission medium and speed of response to irregularly generated communication requests. In contrast, this transmission system has no noise degradation due to noise entering the transmission medium because the noise signal is noise-accepting and the transmission of the diffuse output object is noise-resistant. There is an immediate response that can respond to a generated communication request without a synchronous operation. If this characteristic is used, for example, it becomes possible to provide a transmitter with zero standby power and a small receiver whose standby power is as small as a normal communication device that is not spread spectrum communication.

The effects of the above-described embodiment of the present invention will be generally described. Conventional spread spectrum communication will be described. Since the conventional spread spectrum communication uses the property of multiplying the irregular signal sequence itself (equivalent to calculating the autocorrelation function), it becomes a constant, so the irregular signal (spread code) used during spreading and despreading The irregular signal (despread code) to be used is the same signal sequence and needs to be used in synchronization. In the conventional spread spectrum communication, as a practical method of using the same irregular signal on the transmitting side and the receiving side, the irregular signal is transmitted or the same irregular signal is prepared on the receiving side and used in synchronization. ing. Among them, in the method of transmitting an irregular signal, if noise is superimposed during the transmission of the irregular signal, an irregular signal whose identity is lost with respect to the irregular signal used at the time of spreading is used. SN gets worse.

On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention, the noise signal supply unit supplies the noise signal commonly to the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum spread carrier processing means, and the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum spread carrier. The processing means shares the noise signal and generates the noise signal in a spectrum spread carrier and a spectrum despread carrier. Therefore, even if noise is superimposed on the noise signal, the noise is included as a signal component. The noise signal is processed and generated into a spread spectrum carrier and a spread spectrum spread carrier.
Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, even if noise is superimposed on the noise signal, the noise is not taken into the noise signal as a signal component and cross-correlation is not lost. The spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier generated by the processing means and the spread spectrum spread carrier processing means respectively maintain the cross-correlation, and it is necessary to forcibly synchronize the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier. There is no need for a synchronizer. In addition, the noise superimposed on the noise signal is also processed and generated as a signal component on both carriers, and the influence of noise superposition can be avoided.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum spread carrier processing means share a noise signal on which noise is superimposed, and the noise signal uses noise as a signal component. The cross-correlation of the noise signal that is the basis of the signal is not lost, and the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum carrier generated by the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum spread carrier processing means, respectively, can be correlated. Spread spectrum and despread spectrum can be normally performed using both carriers obtained by processing and generating the noise signal. The spread spectrum and spread spectrum can be performed without using a synchronizer that forcibly synchronizes.

Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the noise signal is not used as a spread spectrum carrier and a spread spectrum spread carrier without being processed, but the noise signal is processed and generated into a spread spectrum carrier and a spread spectrum spread carrier. As the noise signal, an analog signal, noise, a pseudo noise signal, or a combination of these can be used, and the types of signals used as the noise signal can be expanded. In addition, an analog signal, noise, pseudo-noise signal, or a combination of these signals is processed into, for example, a binary or multi-valued spread spectrum carrier and a spread spectrum spread carrier, so that the optimum spread spectrum carrier for confidentiality and confidentiality. And a spectrum despread carrier.

In addition, according to the embodiment of the present invention, a carrier with high secrecy can be obtained by processing a noise signal with noise as a source, so that it cannot be distinguished from noise when measured. Can do. In addition, the carrier with high secrecy can be generated by using almost the same noise as the signal source and generating the carrier by various processing depending on the processing means. Can be obtained.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the noise signal supply unit can supply the noise signal to the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means in common using a wired or wireless transmission medium. Depending on the transmission medium, the arrangement of the noise signal supply unit, the spread spectrum carrier processing means, and the spread spectrum spread carrier processing means can be freely selected. Therefore, in addition to the conventional information to be transmitted, energy such as power or printed matter can be used as the object to be transmitted, and the application range can be expanded.

As described above, according to the spread spectrum object transmission system to which the carrier processing apparatus according to the present embodiment is applied, low interference sensitivity, minute signal property, low interference caused by noise resistance specific to the spread spectrum communication technology. , Confidentiality, and multiplicity can be provided to the same extent as a conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal. Furthermore, according to the present transmission system, it is possible to configure a secrecy higher than that of a conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal, quick response capable of promptly responding to communication requirements, low power consumption, and a despreading module without a synchronization device. Small scale can also be provided. Furthermore, according to the present transmission system, the conventional spread carrier or despread carrier is used, such as a discontinuous impulse or burst, a frequency hopping or a frequency chirp, or an appropriate combination thereof. The spread spectrum communication system can be small and inexpensive, improve noise resistance, improve transmission capability, and improve confidentiality and confidentiality. In addition, according to the present transmission system, the above characteristics can be provided for transmission of simple objects that do not express information contents, and power transmission, which is neither information transmission nor distance measurement, which is a conventional application of spread spectrum. . In addition, according to the present transmission system, new applications such as detection of arbitrary irregular signals, evaluation of irregularities of arbitrary signals, printing, etc., which are neither information transmission nor distance measurement, which was a conventional spread spectrum application. Can be pioneered.
(Embodiment 2)

Embodiment 2-1
Next, as Embodiment 2-1, an analog noise signal is input, and the noise signal is processed into a diffusion carrier and a despread carrier by mapping conversion of analog signal processing, and the analog signal spread carrier and despread are processed. Specific examples of diffusion carrier processing means and despread carrier processing means for outputting carriers will be described.

The configuration shown in FIG. 9 shows the configuration of the carrier processing unit according to the embodiment 2-1 and the object transmission system using the carrier processing unit. The noise signal supply unit 2, the diffusion carrier processing means 13, the despreading unit Carrier processing means 15. Reference numeral 14 represents a spreading means, and reference numeral 16 represents a despreading means. These spreading means 14 and despreading means 16 are connected via a transmission medium 7.

Noise signal supply unit 2, as shown in FIG. 1, including the components of the prime noise signal source 10, a supply part of the noise signal x _W. Noise signal x _W is a signal having a pair object broadband of certain provisions, containing a noise signal source 10 supplies containing noise signal x _E is to satisfy the requirements. Such includes for example resistor element noise signal source 10, containing the noise signal x _E is an analog signal obtained by amplifying the thermal noise signals obtained across the resistor when current flows in the resistor. Note that the prime noise signal x _E, containing a noise signal source 10 may be included containing the noise signal is an analog signal captured in free space.

Noise signal supply unit 2 supplies a signal output from the element noise signal source 10 as a noise signal x _W on the diffusing carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15. At this time, the noise signal supply unit 2 defines, for example, the geographical positions that can be taken by the diffusion carrier processing unit 13, the despread carrier processing unit 15, and the noise signal supply unit 2 within a certain range. noise signal x _T and x difference is small within a certain range between _R, a common noise which can be regarded as practically the same cross-correlation established state signal x _W a carrier processing means 13 the carrier processing means 13, 15 due to the path difference is inputted, 15 is supplied.

Further, for example, be superimposed noise from the peripheral device in the middle of the electric wire supplying the noise signal x _W a transmission medium 11 to the prime noise signal source 10 and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 However, as long as the signal on which the noise is superimposed is a signal that can be regarded as substantially the same in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, and is a signal having a broadband property against an object defined as a noise signal, the noise is one of the prime noise signal x _E, the signal which the noise is superimposed is the noise signal x _W.

Thus, the noise signal supply unit 2, a noise signal x _W supplies the spreading carrier processing means 13 to the despreading carrier processing means 15, as well as containing noise signal x _E, the diffusion carrier processing means noise signal x _W 13 and noise or entering from the outside to the transmission medium 11 and supplies the despread carrier processing means 15, a part of the transmission medium noise signal x _W also itself emits noise. Therefore, in FIG. 9, captures the noise signal x _W as an element of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 in the same manner as the transmission medium 11 containing a noise signal source 10 is also itself supplies the despread carrier processing means 15 the noise signal supply unit 2, It is not clearly shown like the transmission medium 7 for transmitting the diffuse output object.

As shown in FIG. 9, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 includes a limiter 40, a comparator 42, an analog switch 43, an adder 44, and a constant signal supply unit 41. The constant signal supply unit 41 is a signal source that outputs the signal k _1T to the limiter 40, the signal k _2T to the analog switch 43, and the signal k _3T to the adder 44.

A specific operation of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 will be described. Diffusing carrier processing means 13 inputs the noise signal x _W as a noise signal x _T is a machining material signal to spreading the carrier. Limiter 40, the noise signal _{x T} to be input, amplitude and signal _{k 1T} value to limited signal _{x LT} represented by, supplied to the adder 44 and the comparator 42. Here, the signal _{x LT} is amplitude limiting the amplitude of the noise signal _{x T} to _{k 1T} _is when the _{k 1T} and positive constant, the absolute value of the amplitude of the input signal _{x T} is not more than _{k 1T} , the output signal _{x LT} becomes a noise signal _{x T} as a value to be input, if the amplitude of the noise signal _{x T} to be input is greater than _{k 1T,} the output signal _{x LT} is next constant _{k 1T,} the amplitude of the input noise signal _{x T} If it is smaller than −k _1T, it means that the output signal x _LT becomes a constant −k _1T . The comparator 42 compares the signal x _LT supplied from the limiter 40 with zero as a comparison reference, and switches the signal supplied to the adder 44 by the analog switch 43 using the result.

Specifically, if the signal x _LT is greater than or equal to the reference value zero, that is, zero or positive, the comparator 42 outputs a signal for closing the analog switch 43, whereby the signal k _2T is supplied to the adder 44. It will be. On the other hand, if the signal x _LT is smaller than the reference value zero, that is, is negative, the comparator 42 outputs a signal for opening the analog switch 43, so that the signal _k2T is not supplied to the adder 44. The adder 44 is a signal controlled by the polarity of such a signal _{x LT,} an output signal _{x LT} of the limiter 40, by adding the signals _{k 3T,} the spreading means 14 the signal as a diffusion carrier _{c T} Supply.
FIG. 10 shows input / output characteristics of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 having such a configuration when k _{1T is set} to +1.5, k _{2T is set} to +1.0, and k _{3T is set} to −0.5. At this time, the spread carrier c _T is a constant signal at −2.0 if the input noise signal x _T is x _T <−1.5, and x _T −0.5 if −1.5 ≦ x _T <0. If 0 ≦ x _T <1.5, the signal is x _T +0.5, and if 1.5 ≦ x _T , the signal is constant at +2.0.

The spreading means 14 inputs the spread carrier c _T and the spread input object a _T , multiplies them, and outputs the spread output object s obtained by spreading the spread of the spread input object a _T to the transmission medium 7.
The transmission medium 7 is a transmission medium for transmitting the diffusion output object s from the diffusion means 14 to the despreading means 16. Noise m enters the transmission medium 7, and the despreading means 16 inputs a despread input object h in which the noise m is superimposed on the diffuse output object s.
The despread carrier processing means 16 has a configuration in which an inverse number calculator 45 is added to the configuration of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 of the diffusion module 3.
A specific operation of the despread carrier processing means 15 will be described. Despreading the carrier processing means 15 inputs the noise signal x _R is a work material signal to despread the carrier to noise signal x _W. The despread carrier processing means 15 includes a limiter 40, a comparator 42, an analog switch 43, an adder 44, and a constant signal supply unit 41 in the same manner as the diffusion carrier processing means 13, and the noise signal x _R And a signal _cTR obtained as a result is supplied to the reciprocal calculator 45. Inverse operator 45 reciprocal converts the signal c _TR, supplies the despreading means 16 the signal as despread carrier c _R.

FIG. 11 shows the input / output characteristics of the despread carrier processing means 15 having such a configuration when k _{1T is set} to +1.5, k _{2T is set} to +1.0, and k _{3T is set} to −0.5. At this time, the despread carrier c _R becomes a constant signal of −0.5 if the input noise signal x _R is x _R <−1.5, and 1 / (x _R if −1.5 ≦ x _R <0. −0.5), and if 0 ≦ x _R <1.5, the signal is 1 / (x _R +0.5), and if 1.5 ≦ x _R , the signal is constant at +0.5.

The despread carrier processing means 15 uses the same signals k _1T , k _2T , k _3T of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 as the signals k _1R , k _2R , k _3R , and as a result, from the same noise signal x _T diffusion carrier c _T obtained, the same ones as the signal c _TR despreading carrier processing means 15 side. Then, the despread carrier c _R, so that a transformation of its diffusion carrier c _T and the same signal c _TR to the reciprocal reciprocal calculator 45, a diffusion carrier c _T obtained from the same noise signal x _T, despreading always a signal of an inverse relationship to the carrier c _R. As a result, the diffusion carrier c _T obtained from the same noise signal x _W, the despread carrier c _R, the multiplied Always nonzero constant.
In this case, diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15, time required for signal processing from the noise signal x _T to spread carrier c _T, the signal processing from the noise signal x _R to despread carrier c _R as the difference between the time required is sufficiently small, the state established a correlation between the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R created by different signal processing process of the same noise signal x _W . In that case, such signal processing performed by the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 can be regarded as not including elements that affect the temporal characteristics of the processed signal. vs. object broadband of spreading carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 in the noise signal x _W are inherited.
The despreading means 16 inputs the despread carrier c _R and the despread input object h including the spread output object s input from the transmission medium 7, multiplies them, and the spread input object a subjected to spectrum despreading _A despread output object a _R including the component of _T is output.

Through this series of processes, in Embodiment 2-1 of the present invention, the diffusion carrier c _T created from a common noise signal x _W in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 becomes a signal having a pair object broadband property, spread input The spectrum of the object a _T is multiplied by its spreading carrier c _T and spread. Then, the despread carrier c _R created from a common noise signal x _W despreading carrier processing means 15, the result relationship always constant is multiplied by a spread carrier c _T, and has a pair object wide bandwidth, and wherein becomes diffusion carrier c _T and signal cross-correlation is established, the noise m by performing despreading operation using this signal, a transmission medium 7 despreading input object h to be received in the components of the diffusion output object s I have undergone the superimposition, with despreading accurately spread input object a _T, and spread the spectrum of the noise in the occupied frequency band of the despread carrier was reduced to a degree that does not undergo virtually to noise A despread output object a _R similar to the diffuse input object a _T is output.
Incidentally, according to the configuration illustrated in this embodiment, the discrete signal of binary and diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R obtained from the noise signal x _W absolute value of the amplitude is 1.5 or more . If the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R analog continuous amounts of signal needs to be the absolute value of the amplitude of the noise signal x _W to 1.5 or less.

As described above, according to the embodiment 2-1 of the present invention, the spread carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 establish the cross-correlation having the broadband property to the object supplied by the noise signal supply unit 2. noise signal common analog states x _W noise signals x _T, input as x _R, was prepared by processing it, always signal relationships that form a become paired constant non-zero when multiplied, the pair object broadband property has been to produce a diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R analog cross-correlation established state. In this case, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and that the spread spectrum communication using a spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R analog could not be used in conventional spread spectrum communication system is realized Become. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
In the present embodiment, a common noise signal x _W supplied to the despreading module 4 and the diffusion module 3 in the real applications environment, in order to enter the cross-correlation established state despreading module 4 and the diffusion module 3, For example, it has been described that the geographical relationship between the diffusion module 3, the despreading module 4, and the signal source of the signal that is a component of the noise signal is limited to a certain range.
In terms must be realized correlation established state, the despreading means 16 despreads module 4, and the despread carrier c _R, diffusion carrier c in a component diffusion output object s in despreading input object h The component of _T also needs to be in a cross-correlation established state.
Although created so that the cross-correlation established state by the processing material common noise signal x _W is originally spread carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, despreading the spreading module 3 in the real applications environment the transmission process of diffusion output object s to the module 4, for example, are those where there is a propagation delay, thereby despreading the carrier c _R despreading means 16 despreads module 4 inputs, despreads the input object h in correlation with components of the spread carrier c _T in a component diffusion output object s of drops.

In this transmission system, characteristic of the process of transmitting the spread signal object s from diffusion module 3 to the despreading module 4, and the despread carrier c _R despreading means 16 despreads module 4 inputs, despreads the input object effect of reducing cross-correlation between the components of the spread carrier c _T in a component diffusion output object s in h, by limiting the range of the geographical relationship between the diffusion module and the despreading module It becomes small so that it can be regarded as not practical.
Thus, despreading carrier c _R despreading means 16 despreads module 4 inputs, component and cross-correlation established state diffusion carrier c _T in a component diffusion output object s in despreading input object h Thus, despreading can be performed with high accuracy.
Separately from that, by suitably shifting the despreading carrier c _R in the series direction of the signal in the process of despreading the carrier processing means 15 of the despreading module 4 for processing the noise signal to despread carrier c _R, despreading module spreading the output objects for the despread carrier c _R may be look smaller series direction of the deviation of the signal caused in the process of being transmitted to the despread module from the diffusion module 4 despreading means 16 is input Is.
The despreading module 3 and the despreading module 4 of the transmission system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 have the despreading carrier c _R input by the despreading means 16 of the despreading module 4 in this way, operating in the components of the spread carrier c _T in a component diffusion output object s in despreading input object h in the cross-correlation established state.

The diffusion module 3 and despreading module 4 of the transmission system according to a first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 also despreading carrier c _R to enter this manner despreading means 16 despreads module 4, reverse operating in the cross-correlation established state and a component of the spread carrier c _T in a component diffusion output object s in the diffusion input object h.
Hereinafter, unless otherwise stated, the despread carrier c _R despreading means 16 despreads the module 4 is input, a component of the spread carrier c _T in a component diffusion output object s in despreading input object h Are operating in a cross-correlation established state in some appropriate manner.

Embodiment 2-2
Next, an example in which Embodiment 2-1 shown in FIG. 9 configured by analog signal processing is configured by digital signal processing will be described. This is shown in FIG.
The noise signal supply unit 2 is the same as that shown in FIG. 12 includes an AD converter 50, a mapping circuit 51, a DA converter 52, a timing controller 53 for controlling the timing of the AD converter 50 and the DA converter 52, and a timing controller. And an oscillator 54 for supplying a timing pulse to 53.
12 includes an AD converter 50, a mapping circuit 55, a DA converter 52, a timing controller 53 for controlling the timing of the AD converter 50 and the DA converter 52, and the like. And an oscillator 54 for supplying a timing pulse to the timing controller 53. The configuration of the despread carrier processing means 15 is different only in input / output characteristics of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the mapping circuit.

Subsequently, the operation of each unit will be described. Noise signal supply unit 2, similarly to Embodiment 2-1 shown in FIG. 9, the common noise signal x _W analog having a pair object broadband property to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 Supply. As a result, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 input noise signals x _T and x _R that are regarded as practically the same in a cross-correlation established state.
Diffusing carrier processing means 13, the noise signal x _T input sampled by the AD converter 50, and mapping transform the sampled values in the mapping circuit 51, spread carrier signals back that value into an analog value by the DA converter 52 c Output as _T to the diffusion means 14.
On the other hand, despreading carrier processing means 15, like the diffusion carrier processing means 13, the noise signal x _R input sampled by the AD converter 50, and mapping transform the sampled values in the mapping circuit 55, the value DA conversion and outputs toward the despreading means 16 as a signal despread carrier c _R returning to an analog value by the vessel 52.

The mapping circuit 51 of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the mapping circuit 55 of the despread carrier processing means 15 have mapping characteristics so that a non-zero constant is obtained by multiplying their mapping outputs obtained from the same input. Set. That is, for example, the input / output characteristics shown in FIG. 10 are given to the mapping circuit 51 of the diffusion carrier processing means 13. In a case corresponding to this, the input / output characteristics shown in FIG. 11 are given to the mapping circuit 55 of the despread carrier processing means 15.
The configuration in FIG. 12 using the mapping circuit in which the input / output characteristics are set as in this example functions completely equivalent to the configuration shown in FIG. That is, when the common noise signal x _W from the noise signal supply unit 2 is input, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 multiplies the always constant, have a pair object broadband performance, cross-correlation processed into diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R of established state.

In order to satisfy the condition of the signal relationship that is required for the spread carrier and the despread carrier, both have a broadband property against an object, are in a state of mutual correlation and are always constant when multiplied, for example, FIG. In the configuration shown, an inverse calculator 45 provided between the adder 44 on the despread carrier processing means 15 side and the despread means 16 is provided between the adder 44 on the spread carrier processing means 13 side and the spreading means 14. It may be moved. This means that in the configuration of FIG. 12, the mapping conversion mapping circuit 51 on the diffusion carrier processing means 13 side and the mapping conversion mapping circuit 55 on the despreading carrier processing means 15 side may be interchanged.
As long as the diffusion carrier and the despread carrier input by the diffusion unit 14 and the despreading unit 16 satisfy the above conditions, the internal components of the diffusion carrier processing unit and the despread carrier processing unit are interchanged and equivalent functions are provided. Replacement with an element is optional.
In addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 12 that satisfies the above conditions, for example, the inverse arithmetic unit and the despreading unit that is a multiplier may be replaced by a division unit. These may be interchanged between the diffusion module and the despreading module. Other combinations are also conceivable, but such a method may be used as long as the above conditions are satisfied.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 12, the configuration in which the AD conversion and the DA conversion are performed in the diffusion carrier processing unit 13 and the despread carrier processing unit 15 does not have the characteristics of this embodiment. Specific configurations such as signal processing before AD conversion and signal processing after DA conversion such as smoothing are omitted.
Further, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despreading carrier processing means 15 of the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4, which are constituted by the AD converter 50, the

mapping circuits

51 and 55, and the DA converter 52 shown in FIG. The series of signal processing units is a digital signal processing device that periodically repeats discrete signal processing in time.

The configuration of such a digital signal processing, in order to obtain an analog continuous signal processing equivalent to the signal processing result of the arrangement of Figure 9, the period of the digital signal processing which controls the timing controller 53, the diffusion carrier c _T opposite and shorter than the time given a sufficiently high inverse of the frequency, such as also for example 10 times or more than the upper limit frequency of the frequency band occupied required for the diffusion carrier c _R time.
Further, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 constituted by the digital signal processing shown in FIG. 12, and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 constituted by the analog signal processing shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 to provide the characteristic equivalent to the input / output characteristics shown in FIG. 11, in order to express a smooth characteristic curve with signal values that are discrete values, discrete sample values and discrete sample intervals Both of the discrete intervals are made smaller, and the unit section is composed of a larger number of smaller discrete value groups. For this purpose, the AD converter or DA converter shown in FIG. 12 has, for example, a resolution of 8 bits or more, and the repetition period of sampling and data processing controlled by the timing controller 53 is shortened. Specifically, for example, the repetition period is set to be ten times or more the upper limit frequency of the occupied frequency band required for the spread carrier and the despread carrier. Further, the resolution may be arbitrarily determined, for example, the range of values that can be taken by the noise signal is set to 1/2.

In this way, the discrete mapping conversion characteristics can be regarded as continuous characteristics in practice by reducing the discrete interval between the horizontal axis and the vertical axis and configuring them with a large number of discrete values. The signal to be obtained can be regarded as a continuous quantity in practice. Therefore, such a discrete quantity that can be regarded as a continuous quantity in practical use is treated as a continuous quantity unless otherwise specified below. It should be noted that here, a value that takes only a jump value at a predetermined interval is called a discrete value, and a value that can be regarded as an infinitely small or practically infinitely small value is called a continuous amount. Further, for example, the characteristics of FIGS. 10 and 11 are not continuous because they are discontinuous at x _T = 0 and x _R = 0, but here, they are continuous in other parts where most of the signals actually exist. Such a signal is treated as a continuous quantity.

In this manner, according to Embodiment 2-2 of the present invention, machining create and spread spectrum communication noise signal x _W of the analog signal to the spreading carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R of the analog signal using a digital circuit The apparatus which performs can be comprised. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 2-3)
Next, an example will be described in which the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 12 configured to use a continuous amount of spread carrier and despread carrier is configured to use a spread carrier and a despread carrier having discrete values. The characteristics shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are examples of input / output characteristics of the mapping converter that converts to discrete spread carrier and despread carrier, and specific numerical examples of the characteristics are shown in FIG.

Input-output characteristics shown in FIG. 13 is a representation of a very coarse discrete values a continuous input-output characteristics shown in FIG. 10 for mapping transform noise signal x _T to spread carrier c _T, similarly, input-output characteristics shown in FIG. 14 is a representation of a very coarse discrete values a continuous input-output characteristics shown in FIG. 11 for mapping transform noise signal x _R despread carrier c _R. The input / output characteristics shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 are different from those in FIGS. 10 and 11 in which the input signal is converted into a smooth continuous amount except for a portion having zero as a boundary. Take.

Even if the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means having such input / output characteristics are used, the resulting diffusion carrier and despread carrier both have a broadband property against objects and are in a state of mutual correlation established. As long as the condition of a constant constant when multiplied is satisfied, spread spectrum communication can be realized using the spread carrier and the despread carrier.
This is a configuration based on the digital signal processing described in the embodiment 2-2. For example, an AD / DA converter with an 8-bit resolution is used, and the amplitude range of the noise signals x _T and x _R is “256”. A signal equivalent to a signal in which the spread carrier and the despread carrier generated by the analog signal processing spread carrier despreading means and the despread carrier processing means of the embodiment 2-1 are continuously changed is divided into equal steps. Unlike the example described above, the spread carrier and the despread carrier are multi-value digital signals having discrete values that are not so fine.
The number of discrete values to be used as the multi-level digital signal may be arbitrarily determined as long as the resulting spread carrier and despread carrier satisfy the above-described conditions. It is good also as a binary signal which takes the positive / negative value which is not zero which is equal in absolute value and is generally used in spread spectrum communication.

As described above, according to Embodiment 2-3 of the present invention, not only an analog signal or a signal having a continuous value that can be regarded as equivalent to an analog signal, but also a multi-valued rough discrete signal is applied to the spread carrier and the despread carrier. Even a digital signal that takes a value may be used, or a binary signal that takes a non-zero positive or negative value having the same absolute value used in the conventional spread spectrum communication may be used.

Compared with the apparatus shown in FIG. 12 that realizes the characteristics shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the apparatus shown in FIG. 12 that realizes the characteristics shown in FIGS. Since the resolution of the converter 52 can be lowered and the bit widths of the AD converter 50, the DA converter 52, and the

mapping circuits

51 and 55 can be reduced, the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 are small and low in cost. It is very effective. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

Embodiment 2-4
Next, a description will be given of an example in which Embodiment 2-3, which uses mapping conversion of monotonically changing input / output characteristics shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. . Here, when the input / output characteristics change monotonously, the output that tends to increase with respect to the increasing input does not tend to decrease, or the output that tends to decrease with respect to the increasing input. It will not increase. The characteristics shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 are examples of input / output characteristics of a mapping converter in which discrete values are combined in a non-monotonic order.

The characteristics shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are functions in which the input / output characteristics change monotonously in the continuous sections on both sides excluding the discontinuous zero on the horizontal axis. The characteristics shown in FIG. 14 tend to change monotonously like the characteristics shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 while being discrete discrete amounts.
On the other hand, the characteristics shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 are not monotonous with increasing input and appear to change irregularly. The characteristics shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are shown in FIG. 18 as a numerical table, which is obtained by performing the operation shown in FIG. 19 on the numerical table in FIG. 17 corresponding to the characteristics shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. Is. Details will be described below.
Mapping transform rules that are defined in FIG. 18 shows the value of the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R outputted in response to the value of any of the noise signal x _T and x _R.

Properties required for the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R for the purposes of the present transmission system for transmitting objects in a spread spectrum scheme, the constant non-zero multiplied each other by irregularities against objects broadband property a relationship between the signal pairs, if this property is obtained, optionally whether the value of the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R how changes to the value of the noise signal is processed material It is good. Wherein a is a constant, it refers to the product of the value and the value of the despreading carrier c _R of the spread spectrum value whether the matter without diffusing carrier c _T of the carrier exhibits a constant value.
Of the properties required in the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R above, to define the arrangement of values taken by the diffusing carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R relative to the value in the table of the noise signal of FIG. 17 Is a condition that signals are paired by multiplying each other to form a constant that is not zero.
That, in which the value of the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R for the value of if if the noise signal signal relationships forming the pair is satisfied may be arranged how in the table of FIG. 17 is there.
Specifically, in the table of FIG. 17, and since the signal relationships for forming the first and made-to the none multiplied each other pair of spreading carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R for a noise signal, for example, pairs be interchanged another particular pair, not collapse the signal relationships for forming the first and made-to-multiplying each other diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R for the values which the noise signal can take.
Further, the pair of diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R for a noise signal, for example be interchanged and diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R, diffusion carrier c _T against the values noise signal can take not collapse signal relationship forming a become pair multiplying each other despreading carrier c _R and.

FIG. 19 shows such an exchange operation.
As shown by 56 in FIG. 19, the values in the column on FIG. 17 corresponding to 56a and 56b are exchanged, and at the same time, on the FIG. 17 corresponding to 57a and 57b, as shown by 57 in FIG. If the values in the column are also replaced, the property that the spreading carrier and the despreading carrier are multiplied to 1 as a result is not lost.
Further, as indicated by 58 in FIG. 19, even if the values in the column in FIG. 17 corresponding to 58a and 58b are interchanged, the property that the result is that the spread carrier and the despread carrier are multiplied to become 1 is lost. It will never be. Diffusing carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R values in the table of FIG. 18, such a replacement operation shown in FIG. 19 relative to the sequence of values in the table of spreading carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R in FIG. 17 FIG. 15 shows an input / output characteristic diagram of the mapping conversion of the diffusion module at that time, and FIG. 16 shows an input / output characteristic diagram of the mapping conversion of the despreading module.
Furthermore, these values may be combined, and the values in the column on FIG. 17 corresponding to 56a and 57b in FIG. 19 may be entered. At the same time, the values on FIG. 17 corresponding to 57a and 56b in FIG. Also in this case, the property that the spreading carrier and the despreading carrier are multiplied to become 1 as a result is not lost.
Thus, a new signal pattern can be generated using the property that the result of multiplying the spread carrier and the despread carrier does not change even if the values taken by the spread carrier and the despread carrier are changed.

Such mapping conversion is generally performed in the process of digital signal processing as shown in FIG. 12, but can also be realized by analog signal processing by combining techniques such as signal clipping. Such a mapping transformation can also be incorporated in the configuration.
This change in the input / output characteristics of mapping conversion is a simple replacement of the elements that have been used to determine the input / output characteristics, and does not change the temporal characteristics of the input / output characteristics. Therefore, the relationship between the spread carrier and the despread carrier with respect to the broadband property of the object is also not affected.

By the way, the signals of irregular and discontinuous arrangement of multi-valued discrete values that have undergone mapping transformation as shown in FIG. 17, FIG. 18, and FIG. For practical use, only binary pseudo-noise codes have been used for spreading codes and despreading codes for reasons such as not being used and ease of synchronization operations.

On the other hand, according to the embodiment 2-4 of the present invention, the multi-value discrete values created by the mapping transformation as shown in FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 are used for the spread carrier and the despread carrier. It is possible to perform spread spectrum communication, which indicates that map conversion can provide a number of different new patterns of signals that can be used from one signal to the spread carrier and the despread carrier.
As described above, according to Embodiment 2-4 of the present invention, a large number of different patterns of spread carriers and despread carriers are processed based on the noise signal common to the spread carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means. And spread spectrum communication using the same can be provided.
The spread carrier and the despread carrier of the carrier processing unit 1 provided in this way are different from the binary spread / back calculation code used in the spread spectrum communication system of the reference signal built-in method of the conventional example having the configuration shown in FIG. Since the irregularity of the noise signal that does not require periodicity or regularity is used for the irregularity of the signal, the original diffused input object can be inferred from the spread spectrum diffused input object, or the false signal is forged. It is more difficult to do, and it is effective to improve the secrecy. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 3-1)
Next, with respect to the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means for processing the noise signal into the diffusion carrier and the despread carrier, respectively, a specific method other than the map conversion shown in each example of the first embodiment and the second embodiment is used. explain.

In the following, various processing methods are exemplified. For example, the signal preprocessing unit 46 is used for the diffusion carrier processing unit 13 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 is used for the despread carrier processing unit 15 shown in FIG. That is, the noise signals x _T and x _R are processed by the signal pre-processing unit 46, and the outputs x _PT and x _PR are supplied to the previous processing steps to be converted into the spread carrier c _T and the despread carrier c _R. Processed. Unless otherwise specified, the processing means appearing in the following description will be described assuming that the signal preprocessing unit 46 is placed in front of the limiter 40. However, the position of the signal preprocessing unit 46 in FIG. 20 is not limited to the above position as long as the same effect can be obtained.

Further, in particular, in the case of processing, in the case where a unique process is considered when using temporally discrete digital signal processing, the configuration shown in FIG. 21 is used. This is equivalent to FIG. 20 in which the signal preprocessing unit 46 is arranged at the input portion of the noise signals x _T and x _{R in} the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 shown in FIG. Unless otherwise specified, the processing means appearing in the following description will be described as being placed at the position of each signal preprocessing unit. The position of the signal preprocessing unit 46 in FIG. 21 is not limited to the above position as long as the same effect as described above can be obtained.
In addition, depending on the processing method, a signal that can be used as a direct spread carrier and a despread carrier may be output by the processing method. In that case, the processing method may be changed to diffusion carrier processing means or despread carrier processing having the configuration shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

Embodiment 3-2
As shown in FIG. 22A, a delay device is used for the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the spread carrier processing unit 13 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the despread carrier processing unit 15 shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 22B, signals x _PT , x _PR delayed by time t _D are created for the input noise signals x _T , x _R to create spread carriers and despread carriers. It ’s good.
As described above, according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the noise signal x _W can be a completely irregular signal having no autocorrelation, but such a signal can be used at different times. By utilizing the fact that there is no cross-correlation between signals delayed by a certain amount, they are processed to create spread carriers and despread carriers without cross-correlation.
Since spread spectrum communication using the spread carrier and the despread carrier without cross-correlation do not interfere with each other, using this enables multiple communication. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

Thus, according to Embodiment 3-2 of the present invention, even if the same noise signal is used, a large number of spread carriers having no cross-correlation using different delay times and corresponding despread carriers are provided. it can. Other configurations and the effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

Embodiment 3-3
The signal preprocessing unit 46 of the spread carrier processing unit 13 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the despread carrier processing unit 15 are different from each other without autocorrelation as shown in FIG. A noise signal x ₁ ... X _n input and a combination unit 60 that generates an output signal by appropriately combining these signals with an adder 61 are provided to generate signals x _PT and x _PR to despread and spread carriers. A career may be created.
When signals without autocorrelation are combined, a signal without autocorrelation of a new waveform pattern can be created. By using the signal as a noise signal, the number of waveform patterns of a signal without autocorrelation that can be generated can be increased.

FIG. 23 shows an example in which the adder 61 is used as the combination method. However, as a method of combining a plurality of noise signals x ₁ ... X _n instead of the method, an arithmetic operation combination configured by appropriately combining addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, n select combination of selecting some of the noise signal among the pieces of noise signal x ₁ ... x _n, the noise signal x ₁ ... x _n to each discrete value into a binary or multi-valued, such as logical sum or product Appropriate selection of various methods such as logical operation combinations configured by appropriately combining logical operations, relational operation combinations that determine values according to the magnitude relationship between noise signals x ₁ ... x _n , and mixed combinations that combine them appropriately It can also be done.
The signal obtained as a result of the combination processing by the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 must be in a cross-correlation established state and have a broadband property against an object. At this time, if the resulting noise signals x _PT and x _PR have a wide band property with respect to the object and are in a cross-correlation established state, all the noise signals input by the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 respectively. x ₁ ... x _n does not need to be in a cross-correlation established state with object wide bandwidth.

As described above, according to Embodiment 3-3 of the present invention, by combining a large number of noise signals, it is possible to provide a large number of spread carriers having different waveform patterns having no autocorrelation and a corresponding despread carrier. Other configurations and the effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

Embodiment 3-4
A spectrum configuration adjustment unit having the characteristics shown in FIG. 24 is provided in the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the spread carrier processing unit 13 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the despread carrier processing unit 15 shown in FIGS. The spread carrier and the despread carrier may be created by creating signals x _PT and x _{PR in} which the spectrum configuration of the noise signal is adjusted.
The characteristic shown in FIG. 24 is that the wide band occupied frequency bandwidth of the signal is not changed, but the gain of the frequency f _C1 to f _{C2 within} the band is limited to adjust the spectrum configuration, and the frequency f _In this example, the spectrum configuration of the noise signal is adjusted by emphasizing the gain for a specific band between _C3 and _fC6 . Note that the spectrum configuration may be adjusted by, for example, tilting the characteristics of the passing region indicated by the flat line in FIG. Such an operation can be realized by combining filters, and can also be realized by DSP (digital signal processing). In addition, the frequency band may be shifted by using frequency heterodyne, or the frequency band may be reduced or expanded by using a signal converter such as an n-th power multiplier, a frequency multiplier, or a frequency divider.

When such a noise signal with an appropriately adjusted spectrum configuration is used as a material for processing a spread carrier and a despread carrier, the signal pattern of the generated spread carrier and the despread carrier can be changed using the same noise signal. It is effective as a means for improving the secrecy by increasing the complexity of processing and increasing the difficulty of decoding, or providing a method for generating a large number of signals having low cross-correlation in combination with delay.

As described above, according to Embodiment 3-4 of the present invention, even if the same noise signal is used, it is possible to provide spread carriers having different patterns and corresponding despread carriers using different spectrum configurations. Other configurations and the effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

Embodiment 3-5
Next, processing combining feature detection processing and signal generation will be described with reference to FIGS.
The signal preprocessing unit 46 of the diffusion carrier processing unit 13 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the despreading carrier processing unit 15 include a feature detection unit and a signal generation unit as shown in FIG. The signals x _PT and x _PR may be created with the configuration provided with the signal preprocessing unit configured as described above to create the spread carrier and the despread carrier.
In all of the processing methods described so far, the input processing material signal is directly processed and changed into the processing output signal itself.
On the other hand, only a specific position information in the input signal sequence is obtained from the input signal, and a signal having a wide band property with respect to the object that is not related to the input signal is generated at a position in the output signal sequence based on the information. It may be a machining output signal.

Obtaining specific position information in the input signal sequence from the input signal focuses on the characteristic elements of the input signal, analyzes the input signal to discover the existence of the characteristic element, and It is to output the location of the element. That is, a feature detection process. The characteristic elements of the input signal are, for example, a specific waveform pattern, a zero cross point, and a waveform vertex. The analysis for finding the presence is, for example, a method using a comparator and a reference signal source, or a method of performing pattern matching or regression analysis on information on continuous sections of a signal sequence using a signal processing device. . For analysis for feature detection, for example, a configuration combining a spectrum despreading module and a signal processing device of this transmission system is used, and a specific waveform pattern having a despread output object as a characteristic element of the input signal or , Zero cross points, and vertices of waveforms may be used.
Since the waveform pattern of the noise signal is irregular, the position where the feature is detected in the sequence appears irregularly in the sequence. A signal generated based on the irregularly appearing position is an irregular signal.
In addition, the position of the feature detected by the feature detection process of the same characteristic for the same noise signal is the same point in the series of noise signals, and the arrangement of points based on the position of the feature and the position of the feature are determined. The sequence of values of appropriate points on the noise signal used as a reference is the same, which is in a cross-correlation established state.
In addition, when generating a signal of a prescribed pattern that is the same stable asynchronous rhythm starting from the same detection point, even if they are asynchronous signals generated independently, they are practical in a short period of time. The signal can be regarded as having established cross-correlation. At this time, the signals to be generated are signals having a waveform pattern having irregularity with an appropriate anti-object wideband characteristic, so that the signals satisfy the requirements as noise signals.
Further, at this time, when the signals to be generated are multiplied by each other, a pair of signal relations that become a predetermined constant that is not zero is obtained, so that they satisfy the requirements as a spread carrier and a despread carrier.

Based on this principle, this processing method processes and creates a signal that satisfies the requirements as a noise signal of another waveform pattern, or a signal that satisfies the requirements as a spread carrier and a despread carrier, from the noise signal. To do.
The processing using the feature detection unit and the signal generation unit will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. Here, a description will be given by taking an example of using the polarity of an input noise signal as a feature to be detected.

The feature detection unit 62 shown in FIG. 25 receives the noise signal whose value changes irregularly shown in FIG. 26A, and outputs a signal corresponding to the feature of the polarity of the noise signal.
FIG. 26B shows a feature detection output signal z _O detected from the noise signal shown in FIG.
The feature detection output signal z _O is a certain positive value when the noise signal is zero or more or a positive polarity, and negative when the noise signal is a negative polarity smaller than zero. It is a certain value.
At this time, the feature detection unit of the diffusion carrier processing unit and the feature detection unit of the despread carrier processing unit perform feature detection with the same input / output characteristics.
Thus, since the feature detection means of the diffusion carrier processing means and the feature detection means of the despread carrier processing means are separate and independent devices, the feature detection output signals output by the respective devices are different signals. because performs feature detection in the same input-output characteristic by entering a common noise signal x _W, wherein the detection output signal, each of which output is the same, they will be that of the cross-correlation established state.

The signal generating means 63 receives the feature detection output signal z _O and generates a pulse with a specified width and height having a positive polarity at a position where the signal z _O changes from negative to positive, and the signal z _O In a position where the voltage changes from positive to negative, an impulse-like pulse having a negative polarity and a specified width and height is generated.
At this time, the signal generation means of the diffusion carrier processing means and the signal generation means of the despread carrier processing means also generate signals with the same input / output characteristics.
Thus, since the signal generating means of the diffusion carrier processing means and the signal generating means of the despread carrier processing means are separate and independent devices, the generated output signals output from each are separate signals, but the generated output signals are Since the same feature detection output signal is input and a signal is generated with the same input / output characteristics, the generated output signals output by each are the same, and they are in a cross-correlation established state.
In other words, the generated output signals output from each are signals having the same waveform starting from the same position in the series of noise signals.
Here, since the noise signal is an irregular signal, there is no regularity whether the value is zero or more or negative, and the zero cross position where the state changes appears irregularly. Therefore, the position where the impulse-like pulse of the signal shown in FIG. 26C appears irregularly, and the signal shown in FIG.
Also, for the waveform of an impulse signal, the width of the waveform is much narrower, for example, a thousandth of the repetition period of the primary modulation carrier of the spread input object of this transmission system using this carrier processing unit. Thus, the generated output signal can have a broad object-to-object bandwidth.
As a result, has been the signal x _PT and x _PR created in the configuration of the processing method of FIG. 25 from the noise signal x _W having a common irregularities have versus object broadband property and irregularity, the cross-correlation Since it becomes an established state and satisfies the requirements of the noise signal, the diffusion module and the despreading module can use these signals as noise signals.

In this example, the heights of the positive and negative impulse signals generated by the signal generating means 63 are made equal.
In this case, when the impulse signal is generated on the diffusion module side, the same impulse signal is also generated on the despreading module side. the output signal x _PT and x _PR are cross-correlation established state, also to establish a signal relationships paired to be some constant non-zero when multiplied together.
In other words, the output signal x _PT and x _PR of the processing method in this case, not only can be used as a noise signal, but also can be used as an impulse-like discontinuous diffusion carrier and despread carrier.
As described above, the present processing method can be used not only for processing a signal that can be used as a noise signal, but also for processing a spread carrier and a despread carrier.
The magnitude of the signal generated by the signal generating means 63 is not limited to the constant value shown in this example. It may be a signal derived from a noise signal obtained by appropriately processing the noise signal, such as an average value of the signal or a signal proportional to the length of the feature section before the generated signal.
Further, the signal waveform of the generator 63 is a signal to be generated is not limited to a impulse-like waveform, as the pattern of the specified pseudo-noise signal, the output signal x _PT and x _PR of the machining process pair Any waveform may be used as long as it has an object broadband property and irregularity to establish a cross-correlation established state and a signal relationship that makes a pair as necessary.

As described above, according to the embodiment 3-5 of the present invention, even if the same noise signal is used, spread carriers having different waveform patterns and the corresponding processing can be handled by using a combination of feature detection processing and signal generation. And a despread carrier.

The process of creating such spread carriers and despread carriers, in a narrow sense, does not inherit the characteristics of the input signal, nor the nature of the object broadband or irregularity, but the start of the output waveform. Since the irregularity of the position has a causal relationship with the input signal, this is interpreted in a broad sense that the irregularity of the input signal is inherited by the irregularity of the output, and the output signal is regarded as a modification of the input signal. Is. Other configurations and the effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

Embodiment 3-6
A combination of a plurality of processing units as shown in FIG. 27 is combined with the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the diffusion carrier processing unit 13 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the despreading carrier processing unit 15 shown in FIGS. And processing the spread carrier and the despread carrier by creating signals x _PT and x _PR obtained by processing a noise signal by combining a plurality of processing methods.
The process of processing a noise signal into a spread carrier and a despread carrier includes the delay shown in FIG. 22, the combination of a plurality of noise signals shown in FIG. 23, the spectrum adjustment shown in FIG. 24, and the feature detection shown in FIG. A combination of processing and signal generation, low-frequency restriction shown in FIG. 28 described later, processing by high-frequency restriction shown in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 described later, or all, or some types thereof May be configured in appropriate combinations, and an example is shown in FIG.
When the processes or the processes are combined, the processes or processes may be combined in parallel with the method in which the processes or processes are combined in parallel and the processes or processes are continuously performed in series.

The example shown in FIG. 27 is a combination of a method of combining these processes or processes in parallel, a method of arranging the processes in series and continuing the processes or processes, and the results of these processes or processes. It is. Processing means 65a is processing means 65b, performs 65c and parallel processing, to create a signal _{z 1} from the noise signal _{x T} or _{x R.} Processing means 65c performs a serially processed with respect to the processing unit 65b, and supplies to the adder 66 to create a signal _{z 3} from the signal _{z 2.} The adder 66 combines the output _{z 1} of the output _{z 3} and the machining unit 65a of the processing unit 65c of the series of processing, and outputs a signal _x _{PT, x PR.}
Here, the example of the combination method is shown as serial and parallel, but the combination method is not limited to this, and as described above, for example, a nested structure, a feedback structure, or a complicated combination of them arbitrarily It may be a structure. Further, for example, integration, differentiation, matched filter, sequential numerical processing by a digital arithmetic device, and the like are complex combinations of such basic elements of signal processing, and may be configured using them.

As described above, according to Embodiment 3-6 of the present invention, signals _{xPT and} _xPR are obtained by combining a large number of processes or processes, so that unique signals with different signal patterns and waveforms and low cross-correlation are obtained. Obtaining unique signals, for example, providing many spread carriers and despread carriers that do not interfere with each other in multiplex transmission, and providing many complex spread carriers and despread carriers that are difficult to decipher and forge in secure transmission, for example It can be done.

Next, a method for enabling a phenomenon caused by a difference between an ideal operating environment and an actual operating environment to be regarded as having no practical effect will be described. These are not indispensable for the operation of the present transmission system, but are desirably applied in practice. Other configurations and the effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

Embodiment 3-7
The signal preprocessing unit 46 of the diffusion carrier processing unit 13 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the despread carrier processing unit 15 are provided with a low-frequency limiting unit having the characteristics shown in FIG. The spread carrier and the despread carrier may be processed by creating signals x _PT and x _{PR in} which the low frequency component of the noise signal is suppressed.
The noise signal is required to have a broadband property against an object. However, in an actual signal, the spectrum distribution undulates from time to time, and a signal of a certain frequency component may become larger than the other if only a certain period is observed. Among them, it is not preferable that the low frequency component is particularly large because it may affect the characteristics of the spread spectrum communication.

In order to facilitate understanding, the noise signal will be described using diffusion carrier processing means for processing a positive / negative binary signal whose absolute value is not zero but equal to the positive / negative polarity. When a noise signal including a specific low-frequency component in a small irregular signal signal component as shown in FIG. 29A is input to such a diffusion carrier processing means 13, a diffusion obtained by processing the noise signal is processed. For the carrier, pulses 67a and 67b having a long width as shown in FIG. 29B are generated near the positive and negative peaks of the low frequency component. This occurs because the low frequency component is excessive compared to the other components.

Signals that change at a high frequency per unit time are effective for noise resistance and confidentiality of spread spectrum communication, and such long pulses 67a and 67b may be small. Such a long pulse 67a, 67b is generated when a large amount of signal is present in a low frequency component in the noise signal. Therefore, in order to prevent it from becoming excessive, the low range having the characteristics shown in FIG. 28 is limited. Use a filter. At this time, for example, a frequency of a sine wave having a length of a rectangle having an excessive length as indicated by 67a in FIG. 29 is used as the cutoff frequency f _CL of the filter. Specifically, what kind of cutoff characteristic is necessary is determined in accordance with the characteristic of how much low frequency components are included in the noise signal to be used. FIG. 29C shows an example in which the low frequency component of the signal in FIG. 29A is appropriately limited. FIG. 29D shows a binarized version in the same manner as described above. In this example, long-width pulses 67a and 67b are not generated.

As described above, according to Embodiment 3-7 of the present invention, by appropriately suppressing an excessively low frequency component of the noise signal, the irregularity of the spread carrier and the despread carrier is maintained, and the noise resistance and the secret story are maintained. It provides sex. Other configurations and the effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. Note that the characteristics of the reduction limiting unit of the present embodiment may be obtained by combining both with the spectrum configuration adjusting unit shown in FIG.

Embodiment 3-8
The signal preprocessing unit 46 of the diffusion carrier processing unit 13 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 and the signal preprocessing unit 46 of the despread carrier processing unit 15 are provided with a high frequency band limiting unit having the characteristics shown in FIG. The spread carrier and the despread carrier may be processed by creating signals x _PT and x _{PR in} which the high frequency component of the noise signal is suppressed.

In order to facilitate understanding, the noise signal signal will be described using diffusion carrier processing means for processing a positive / negative binary signal whose absolute value is not zero but equal to the positive / negative polarity. When the noise signal is discretized in time, that is, when the noise signal is digitally sampled and processed, the transmitter 54 of the diffusion module 3 and the transmitter 54 of the despreading module 4 operate independently. The clock signals they supply are out of phase.

The noise signal is going to change from positive to negative as shown in FIG. 31A. For example, the AD converter 50 of the diffusion carrier processing means 13 is the timing of the rising edge of the clock signal having the waveform as shown in FIG. Say you sample in The AD converter 50 samples the noise signal that changes from positive to negative for the first time at the rising edge time t _T of the first clock signal after the change, and the output thereof is the time as shown in FIG. to change after the t _T. On the other hand, since the clock signal of the despread carrier processing means 15 that operates asynchronously independently of the spreading module is not in phase with the clock signal used by the spread carrier processing means, the AD converter 50 is shown in FIG. ) Is sampled at the timing of the rising edge of the clock signal having a waveform like The AD converter 50 samples the noise signal that has changed from positive to negative for the first time at the rising edge time t _R of the first clock signal after the change, and the output is time t as shown in FIG. Changes after _R.

Thus, since there is always a phase difference between the clock signals that are not synchronized, the outputs of the two AD converters 50 controlled by the clock signal having the phase difference are as follows when sampling immediately after the input changes: Strictly speaking, a time zone t _E with different outputs always occurs.

The sampling clock signal of the spread carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means for controlling the sample of the noise signal is a signal that repeats a certain rectangular waveform at a certain period, so when the period is the same, the phase difference between the two clock signals Does not exceed the length of one cycle of the clock signal, and therefore, the time width t _{E at which the} sampling outputs are different is at most one sampling cycle. This period is different from the diffusion carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R is, since they are not a signal pairs of the cross-correlation probability state, despreading operation using the diffusion carrier and despread carrier component of spread input object a _T is not despread properly. This portion that is not correctly despread is always generated at the position where the values of the spread carrier and the despread carrier change at maximum for one cycle of the clock. However, if the portion that is not correctly despread is generated per unit time since degrading the components SN ratio of the spread input object a _T at the despread output object a _R, undesirable noise resistance is lowered.

This part that is not correctly despread is generated where the spread carrier and the despread carrier change, and because it is caused by the change of the noise signal, it is correctly despread per unit time. In order to reduce the number of non-existing portions, it is only necessary to reduce the change per unit time of the noise signal. Therefore, the high range of the noise signal is appropriately limited.
FIG. 32A shows a noise signal containing a lot of high frequency components. When this noise signal is binarized, as shown in FIG. 32B, diffusion with a large number of changes per unit time is shown. Carriers and despread carriers are obtained. Therefore, the high frequency component of the spectrum of the noise signal is appropriately attenuated with a filter having characteristics as shown in FIG. FIG. 32C is a diagram in which the high frequency range of the signal shown in FIG. 32A is appropriately attenuated. When this signal is binarized as a noise signal, as shown in FIG. A spread carrier or a despread carrier having a smaller number of changes per unit time than the signal shown in B) can be obtained.
Even if the signal of FIG. 32B is used for the spreading carrier and the despreading carrier, and the signal of FIG. 32D is used for the spreading carrier and the despreading carrier, the signal is always correctly despread at the position where the signal changes. No part has occurred. However, when the signal of FIG. 32 (D) is used for the spreading carrier and the despreading carrier as compared with the signal of FIG. The S / N ratio of the despread and despread diffused input object in the despread output object becomes good, and the noise resistance is improved.
Here, the phase difference problem between the spread carrier and the despread carrier has been described as a problem in asynchronous digital signal processing. However, in an actual circuit, for example, in analog signal processing, there is a difference in propagation delay between the circuits of the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means, so that there is a similar phase difference problem. The high-frequency limiting unit of this embodiment is effective when applied not only to asynchronous digital signal processing.

For example, a low-pass filter is used for such high-frequency restriction. In fact, by using a low-pass filter in which the cutoff frequency is set to about one-tenth of the sampling frequency, practical multiplex communication, noise resistance and secrecy are provided, and practical SN The ratio is confirmed.

As described above, according to Embodiment 3-8 of the present invention, by appropriately suppressing high frequency components of the noise signal, the state of cross-correlation between the spread carrier and the despread carrier is improved, and noise resistance and confidentiality are improved. Is to provide. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment of FIGS. The characteristics of the high frequency band limiting unit of this embodiment are the spectrum configuration adjusting unit shown in FIG. 24, or the characteristics of the low frequency band limiting unit shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 and the high frequency band limiting unit shown in FIG. By combining these characteristics, the advantages of both may be obtained.
In the signal processing process in the despreading means, the portion below the frequency of the primary modulation carrier in the spectrum constituting the spread input object has a portion that hardly contributes to the representation of the information content to be transmitted. Passing the despread output object through a low-pass cutoff filter that appropriately cuts off the portion is useful for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the components of the diffuse input object.

This filter is, for example, a low-frequency cutoff filter that cuts off the frequency of the carrier when BPSK is used for the primary modulation and a fixed frequency sine wave is used for the primary carrier.

Further, for example, in the case of a spread input object subjected to primary modulation as described above, the spectrum of the spread input object actually includes not only the spectrum of the primary carrier but also its harmonic. On the other hand, the filter that performs the extraction operation of the component of the spread input object in the signal processing process of the despreading means of the despreading module generally has only a pass bandwidth that allows the spectrum of the primary carrier to pass. The wave component is attenuated by the filter. As a result, the waveform of the despread output object is not strictly similar to the diffuse input object.

At this time, a pre-emphasis operation is performed on the diffusion input object after the primary modulation to increase the band component attenuated by the filter in the signal processing process in the despreading unit relatively to the pass band component by the filter. It is also beneficial to perform a de-emphasis operation through the filter that restores the pre-emphasis effect to the output of the filter in the signal processing process in the despreading means, which increases the fidelity of the despread output object to the diffuse input object. It is.

These low-frequency cutoff filters, pre-emphasis filters, and de-emphasis filters are known in the conventional communication technology, and are not described because they have no characteristics in the configuration of this transmission system.

In this way, the actual application environment of the present invention is made an ideal operating environment by adjusting the high-frequency and low-frequency spectra of the noise signal and adjusting the high-frequency and low-frequency spectra of the diffuse input object. It is possible to provide better transmission performance. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the embodiment of FIGS. Note that the spectrum adjustment described here is performed by the spectrum configuration adjusting unit shown in FIG. 24, the characteristics of the low-frequency limiting unit shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, or the high-frequency limiting unit shown in FIG. Both advantages may be obtained by combining the characteristics.

(Embodiment 4)
Next, Embodiment 4 will be described. FIG. 33 shows an example in which the carrier processing unit 1 corresponding to the carrier processing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is applied to a transmission system for transmitting objects, and this embodiment shown in FIG. It is the example which merged the transmission medium 11 in the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on a form, and the transmission medium 7 of this transmission system which applied the carrier processing apparatus. FIG. 34 shows the transmission system shown in FIG. 33 separated into the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4.

As shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the transmission system of this form includes a diffusion module 3, a despreading module 4, a noise signal supply unit 2, and a transmission medium 11. The configuration of the transmission system shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 is different from that shown in FIG. 1 in the configuration of the transmission medium. To explain in correspondence of the structures described in the configuration of FIG. 1 in FIGS. 33 and 34, in the configuration of FIG. 1, the transmission medium 11 and the diffusion output object s for transmitting the noise signal x _W as an element of the noise signal supplying section 2 while transmission medium 7 to transmit is present individually, in the configuration of FIGS. 33 and 34, a single of transmission medium 11 that the transmission medium is shared by the transmission of the transmission and diffusion output object s of the noise signal x _W The configuration is summarized in a medium. The other components are the same as those of the transmission system shown in FIG.

This single transmission medium 11 is installed in an environment (inside the system) where the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 exist as shown in FIGS. As this single transmission medium 11, for example, a general electric wire, communication cable, electric light line, railway line, pressure vessel, piping, building structure, glass, water, and the like can be used. That is, the single transmission medium 11 is not limited to these as long as it has a bidirectional transmission capability of signals, and may have the same properties as these. Here, in order to omit the description of the signal form conversion process (interface), the single transmission medium 11 will be described as an electric wire, and the signal form will be described as an electric signal.

The object transmission operation of the transmission system according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 will be described below with reference to FIG.
In noise signal supply unit 2, in the environment with a diffusion module 3 and despreading module 4, together with the prime noise signal source 10 generates the prime noise signal x _E, the noise x _N existing in the environment inside and outside, for example, Noise m such as communication signals of other channels of multiplex communication enters the noise signal supply unit 2 (steps S201 and S202 in FIG. 35).
Containing the noise signal x _E which is generated is supplied to a single-type transmission medium 11, penetrates the noise x _N which enters this environment, for example to noise m also unitary transmission medium 11 such as a communication signal of another channel multiplex communication Then, they are superimposed on each other on the single transmission medium 11 due to the characteristics of the single transmission medium 11, and a signal obtained by adding them is reversed as the noise signal x _W via the single transmission medium 11 and the diffusion carrier processing means 13. It is supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means 15 (step S203 in FIG. 35).

Objects transmission operation of the diffusion module 3, begins by inputting the noise signal x _W from the unitary transmission medium 11. Diffusion module 3, entering the noise signal _{x W} as a noise signal _{x T} in the diffusion carrier processing means 13 is processed into a spread carrier _{c T} it (step S204 in FIG. 35).
Specifically, diffusion carrier processing means 13, for example, the noise signal _{x T} performs mapping characteristic shown in FIG. 10, -2.0 to -0.5 or the noise signal _{x T} +0 generating a spread carrier c _T that takes a unique value in the range of .5 to +2.0.
Spreading means 14, the spread input object a _T to create a spread spectrum diffusion output object s by multiplying the spread carrier c _T supplied from the spread input object a _T and the diffusion carrier processing means 13 for inputting from the outside, the single The data is sent to the set transmission medium 11 (step S205 in FIG. 35).

The unitary transmission medium 11, the noise m such that up containing the noise signal x _E and the communication signal of another channel noise x _N and eg multiplex communication has entered this environment, the diffusion means 14 of the diffusion module 3 added output by diffusion output object s, they on unitary transmission medium 11, superimposed to one another by the characteristics of the unitary transmission medium 11, the signal obtained by summing them over a single type transmission medium 11 as a noise signal x _W It is supplied to the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 (steps S206, S207, S208 in FIG. 35). In a state where the diffusion module 3 is outputting the spread output object s single type transmission medium 11, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 of the diffusion module 3, the noise signal x _W noise signals x _T including the diffusion output object s input to the work material to the diffusion carrier c _T as.

On the other hand, information communication operation of the despreading module 4 also begins by inputting the noise signal x _W from the unitary transmission medium 11. Despreading module 4, the despreading carrier processing means 15 for inputting the noise signal x _W including said diffusion output object s as a noise signal x _R, processed it to despread carrier c _R (step S209 in FIG. 37 ). More specifically, despreading carrier processing means 15, for example, the noise signal x _R by performing a mapping characteristic shown in FIG. 11, -2.0 to -0.5 or the noise signal x _R + 0.5 generates a spread carrier _{c R} that takes a unique value in the range of ~ + 2.0.
Despreading means 16 receives the noise signal x _W containing diffusion output object s from unitary transmission medium 11 as despreading input object h, despreading carrier c _R supplied it from despreading carrier processing means 15 multiplied and outputs the despread output object a _R including the spectrum despread signal spread input object a _T (step S210 in FIG. 35).

In real transmission systems, it is common that there is a difference between the noise signal x _T and x _R to enter the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4. It individual signals that make up the noise signal x _W is because there is a difference in the path propagated from their source to the path despreading module 4 to be propagated to the diffusion module 3. If this difference is large Ku becomes, the cross-correlation between the noise signal x _T and x _R to enter the despreading module 4 and the diffusion module 3 is low.
At this time, for example, by defining the geographical positions that can be taken by the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 and the noise signal supply unit 2 within a certain range, the reverse of the diffusion module 3 due to the path difference within the specified range. The difference between the signals input by the diffusion module 4 is suppressed to a certain small range.
Thus, it is the cross-correlation is established state between the noise signal for despreading module 4 inputs the diffusion module 3, diffusion modules 3 and despreading module 4, as considered to have entered the practical same noise signal x _W Become. The spreading module 3 and the spreading carrier processing means 13 and the spreading carrier processing means 15 of the despreading module 4 in the transmission system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 are common in this way that can be regarded as practically the same. to work by entering the noise signal x _W.

Next, in the transmission system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 33 and FIG. 34, even if the transmission medium is single, the spread carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 and that it is possible to obtain a workpiece signal to spread the carrier c _T despreading carrier c _R having the object broadband performance, can be disorders without spread spectrum communications such as interference between the despreading module 4 and the diffusion module 3 Confirm that both can be achieved.

Noise signal supplying section 2 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, and containing noise signal source 10 for outputting a containing noise signal x _E which is the basis of the noise signal x _W, containing the output from the prime noise signal source 10 It contains a single transmission medium 11 that transmits the superimposed signal to the noise signal x _E noise x _N and noise m as the signal component.
Specifically, the unitary transmission medium 11 and supplies containing noise signal source 10 is a hydrogen noise signal x _E, the noise generated in the diffusion module 3 and despreading module 4 is installed in the environment, for example natural noise Alternatively to noise m intrusion such as noise x _N and for example, a communication signal of another channel multiplex communication such as artificial noise, the unitary transmission medium 11, the characteristics of the transmission medium itself, noise based on the noise signal x _E superimposing the x _N and noise m.
Noise signal supply unit 2 supplies a signal plus noise _{x N} and noise m to its original noise signal _{x E,} as a noise signal _{x W} on both carrier processing means 13, 15. Expressing noise superimposed on containing the noise signal x _E them by the formula as n _A, as follows.
n _A = x _N + m (Formula 53)
_{_{_{x W = x E + n A}}} ( Equation 54)
Here, the noise signal x _W is assumed to be signals having a pair object broadband property. It may, for example, containing the noise signal x or _E is also the noise x _N signal also noise m also had a pair object broadband, alternatively, the noise x _E has a pair object broadband property at least containing noise signal x _E Noise for example, by sufficiently large signal from the signal n _a of formula 53 which is the sum of m realized.
Diffusing carrier processing means 13 receives the noise signal x _W, to create a diffused carrier c _T by diffusion carrier processing means of the input and output characteristic represented by a function f, diffuser means 14, the spread carrier c _T A diffusion output object s created by multiplying the diffusion input object a _T is sent to the transmission medium 11. At this time, the spread input object a _T is, for example, a signal limited to an area having an occupied frequency band that is primarily modulated by BPSK having a fixed frequency. This process is shown as follows.
c _T = f (x _W ) (Formula 55)
s = a _T * c _T
= A _T * f (x _W ) (Formula 56)

Meanwhile, when transmitting a spread output object s output from diffuser means 14 to the despreading means 16, the transmission medium 11, the characteristics of the transmission medium itself, the diffusion output object s and containing noise signal x _E and the noise x _N Noise m overlaps with each other.
That is, in the state where the diffusion module 3 outputs the spread signal object s, the noise signal x _W is the signal transmission medium 11 is newly thereto until elementary noise signal x _E and the noise x _N and noise m It seems that the noise of the diffuse output object s is superimposed. In this case, the noise n _A that overlaps the original noise signal x _E expressed by Equation 53 is as follows.
n _A = n _N + m + s (Formula 57)
Then, the noise signal x _W at this time is made shall be determined by the equation 54 using n _A of the formula 57.
Here, the noise signal x _T noise x _N and the signal obtained by superimposing noise m entering the prime noise signal x _E and unitary transmission medium 11 contained in x _R to enter the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 The component is a signal having a broadband property against an object.
A spread output object s obtained by spectrum-spreading a spread input object with a spread carrier having object wideband property is also a signal having object wideband property.

This diffusion output object s also the in the real transmission systems, there is a difference between the components of the spread signal object s and the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 included in the noise signal x _T and x _R to enter Is common. That is, the path through which the component of the diffusion output object s is propagated from the diffusion means 14 of the diffusion module 3 to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 of the diffusion module 3 and the despreading carrier processing of the despreading module 4 from the diffusion means 14 of the diffusion module 3 This is because there is a difference in the path propagated to the means 15. As this difference increases, the cross-correlation between the components of the diffusion output object s input by the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 decreases.
In this case, for example, by defining the range of the geographic location can take the diffusion module 3 despreading module 4, the noise signal x _W in the scope of the provisions to enter the despreading module 4 and the diffusion module 3 The components of the diffusion output object s are in a cross-correlation established state, so that the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 can be regarded as having input the components of the same diffusion output object s in practice.
Thereby, the noise signal x _T and x _R to enter the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 may superimpose the prime noise signal x _E and the noise x _N and noise m of the cross-correlation established state of having a pair object broadband property The signal component and the components of the diffusion output object s in the cross-correlation establishment state having the broadband property with respect to the object are superimposed on each other, and the signal in the cross-correlation establishment state with the object broadband property is obtained.
As a result, as long as it satisfies the above conditions, the noise signal x _W represented by equation 54, may not be included if they contain diffused output object, the spread carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 Are commonly supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, and are signals having a sufficiently high cross-correlation state, and having a wide band property against objects.

Meanwhile, for the despreading means 16 for receiving a spread output object s, the noise signal x _W is diffused output object s transmission medium, and containing noise signal x _E, the noise x _N entering the unitary transmission medium 11, For example, it appears as a signal on which noise n _B composed of noise m such as a communication signal of another channel of multiplex communication is superimposed. These are expressed as follows.
n _B = x _E + x _N + m (Formula 58)
x _W = s + n _B (Formula 59)

Despreading means for despreading module inputs the signal x _W transmission medium shown in Equation 59 as despreading input object h, and inputs the same signal x _W as an input signal x _R despreading carrier processing means . Despreading the carrier processing means for processing the despread carrier c _R by processing properties g represented a signal x _R in Equation 11. In the course of despreading means, despreading input object h despreading carrier c _R is multiplied. The result of this multiplication is denoted as A, and it is expanded as follows using the relationship described here and Formula 1, Formula 5, Formula 11, Formula 58, Formula 59, and the like.
A = h * c _R
= X _W * c _R
= (S + n _B ) * c _R
= (A _T * c _T + n _B ) * c _R
= A _T * c _T * c _R + n _B * g (x _R )
= A _T * k _C + n _B * g (x _W )
= A _T * k _C + n _B * g (s + n _B )
_{_{_{_{= A T * k C + (}}}} x E + x N + m) * g (s + x E + x N + m) ( Equation 60)

In the despreading operation performed by the despreading means of the actual spread spectrum communication, after the multiplication of the despread input object and the despread carrier, the spread signal is input from the mixed signal of the spread spectrum noise and the despread input object components. In order to separate and extract the components of the object, for example, a low-pass filter is applied to the diffuse output object to pass the occupied frequency band of the object. Assuming that the object obtained as a result is a _R , it can be expressed as follows using the integral operation of the symbol ∫dt in the processing by the low-pass filter.
a _R = ∫Adt
_{_{_{= ∫ {a T * k C}}} + (x E + x N + m) * g (s + x E + x N + m)} dt
_{_{= A T * k C + ∫}} {(x E + x N + m) * g (s + x E + x N + m)} dt ( Equation 61)
Here, the first term a _T * k _C on the right side of Formula 61 is a component of the spread input object from which the signal is output as it is because it is within the pass band of the filter, and thus, from the spread module 3 on the transmission side of the transmission system. It is shown that the object has been transmitted to the despreading module 4 which is the receiving side.

On the other hand, the second term on the right side of Formula 61 is an influence term of noise, which is unnecessary for communication, and is preferably in a format that can be easily separated from zero or an object component. The signals s, x _E , x _N , and m that constitute the second term on the right side of Formula 61 are all irregular and object-resistant broadband signals. If the signal composed of them is also irregular and object broadband resistant, only the components of the occupied frequency band of the spread input object that is the pass band of the filter can pass through the filter. By reducing the width, the influence of noise can be made smaller than that of the diffusion input object.

Incidentally, the two multiplication factors of the integrand of Equation 61 second term on the right-hand side has a common portion that _x E ₊ x N ₊ _m.
Further, the diffusion output object s included in the function g representing the despread carrier processing characteristic of the second term on the right side of the equation 61 can be expressed as follows from the equations 56, 58, and 59.
s = a _T * f (x _W )
= A _T * f (s + n _B )
_{_{= A T * f (s +}} x E + x N + m) ( Equation 62)
That is, the diffusion output object s also has a common part of two multiplication elements of the integrand of the second term on the right side of Formula 61 and x _E + x _N + m. As a result, it is considered to exhibit a degree of correlation between _{_x} E ₊ _x N ₊ m and g constituting the formula 61 second term on the right _{_{(s + x E + x N}} + m). In this case, passing the second term on the right-hand side of the equation 61 composed of the irregular and object-resistant broadband signals s, x _E , x _N , and m through a filter that passes the occupied frequency band of the diffusion input object is x _E + x _This is equivalent to performing an integration operation of cross-correlation between _N + m and g (s + x _E + x _N + m), and a certain degree of correlation effect appears in the output of the filter as a DC signal.
In this case, on the diffusion module side, the diffusion input object is a signal having no DC component, and on the despreading module side, the filter output in the despreading means is, for example, an AC coupling that does not allow the DC component to pass, thereby eliminating the influence of the DC component. By taking out, the influence of noise indicated by the second term of Formula 61 for the despread output object is reduced.

Further, the function f indicating the diffusion carrier processing characteristic of Formula 10 and the function g indicating the despread carrier processing characteristic of Formula 11 do not include a mapping that does not include a characteristic that causes the signal to shift in the sequence direction, for example, giving a delay in time. However, as described above, in the processing of the spread carrier and the despread carrier, the signal may be shifted in the sequence direction. In this case, there is no cross-correlation between _{_x} E ₊ _x N ₊ m and g constituting the formula 61 second term on the right _{_{(s + x E + x N}} + m), the integrand results formula 61 second term on the right-hand side is only irregularly Therefore, only the component of the occupied frequency band of the spread input object that is the pass band of the filter can pass through the filter. In this case as well, by reducing the width of the occupied frequency band of the spread input object, the influence of noise can be made smaller than that of the spread input object.

As described above, the configuration of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 commonly supplies a noise signal having a broadband property to an object in a cross-correlation established state to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15. It is possible to use the single transmission medium 11 to achieve both the transmission of the spectrum-spread object and the separation and extraction of the object by eliminating the influence of noise and despreading the object. Thereby, according to the configuration of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the spread spectrum communication system is enabled by the single transmission medium 11.
When the noise influence term shown in the second term on the right side of Expression 60 shows a certain degree of cross-correlation between the noise and the despread carrier, the effect of the noise influence term on the despread output object is despreading means. It appears as a DC component superimposed on the despread output object by the filter for extracting the diffuse input object provided in.
This event is the transmission medium 7 for transmitting the noise signal x _W shown in FIG. 1, in the configuration of the transmission system and the transmission medium 11 is another for transmitting a spread output object s, the operating principle of the object transmission Are the same.
That is, even in the transmission system of the configuration shown in FIG. 1, for example, noise m which overlaps the diffusion output object s a transmission medium 11 that transmits a spread output object s is, indicating a cross-correlation of certain degree of despread carrier c _R The effect appears as a direct current component superimposed on the despread output object.
This is the case, for example, when a signal used as a noise signal as a processing material for the diffusion / de-spreading carrier also enters the transmission medium 11 that transmits the diffusion output object s. This is a case where such a strong electromagnetic wave is generated in the vicinity of the transmission system and enters both the transmission medium 7 and the transmission medium 11.
Even in this case, the influence of the noise term can be eliminated by eliminating the DC component by, for example, making the output of the despreading means AC coupling.

The object transmission performance of the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 is compared with the object transmission performance of the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. And evaluate it.
Specifically, Formula 21 and Formula 60 are compared. Both of these expressions are signals in the despreading means of the despreading module, and indicate signals obtained by multiplying the despreading input object and the despreading carrier. The first term on the right side of both formulas indicates the components of the diffused input object that has been despread, and is the same in both formulas.
On the other hand, the second term on the right side represents a component in which the noise superimposed on the spread output object in the transmission medium is spectrally spread by the despread carrier. Although the expressions of despread carriers in both types are different, their physical meanings explained so far are the same and can be said to be the same.
As a result, it can be seen that the only difference between the two expressions is the noise superimposed on the spread output object in the transmission medium that is spread spectrum by the despread carrier.

In the case of the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the noise is only m, whereas in the case of the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. In addition to m, x _E and x _N are included. Consider the noise superimposed on the diffuse output object in the transmission medium.
The noise m in the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a multiplex communication signal that shares and uses the same transmission medium, and is a total of noise that enters from the transmission medium itself or from the outside.
On the other hand, the noise x _N in the configuration of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 are noise entering from the transmission medium itself and its external noise m the signal multiplex communications shared use the same transmission medium in this configuration Only.
That is, it can be said that the noise m in FIG. 1 is the same as x _N + m in FIGS. 33 and 34.
Further, containing the noise signal x _E in the configuration of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 are those good energy signal of about 1 signal multiplex communication sharing use of transmission media, the number of multiplex communication When a signal is transmitted, the energy on the transmission medium is dominated by the energy of noise m, which is the total energy of the multiplex communication.
It is, for example, if the multiplicity of ten channels, the energy of the elementary noise signal x _E is to be merely the entire ten fraction of.
Further, it can be considered as noise x _N also containing noise signal x _E greater energy entering the transmission medium for example lightning or surrounding equipment emits.
For this reason, in the actual application environment, the noise portions of Equation 21 and Equation 60 may be considered to be almost the same, and it can be said that both equations have the same meaning.

As a result, the object transmission performance of the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 is the same as that of the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. It can be said that it can be considered the same.
Thus, the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 can provide the same features as the spread spectrum communication system having the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. .
That is, according to the spread spectrum object transmission system to which the carrier processing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 33 and FIG. 34 is applied, the low interference derived from the noise resistance specific to the spread spectrum communication technology. Sensitivity, minute signal characteristics, low coherence, secrecy, and multiplicity can be provided to the same extent as a conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal. Furthermore, according to the present transmission system, it is possible to configure a secrecy higher than that of a conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal, quick response capable of promptly responding to communication requirements, low power consumption, and a despreading module without a synchronization device. Small scale can also be provided.
Furthermore, according to the present transmission system, noise resistance can be improved in a small and inexpensive manner with respect to a conventional spread spectrum communication system using a discontinuous spread carrier or despread carrier in the form of impulse or burst. It is possible to improve transmission capability and improve confidentiality. In addition, according to the present transmission system, the above characteristics can be provided for transmission of simple objects that do not express information contents, and power transmission, which is neither information transmission nor distance measurement, which is a conventional application of spread spectrum. . Further, according to the present transmission system, it is possible to pioneer a new application which is neither information transmission nor distance measurement, which is a conventional spread spectrum application. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
In fact, it has been confirmed that the above characteristics can be obtained in the object transmission system of the present embodiment using a spread carrier and a despread carrier that take the same positive and negative binary values, not absolute values of zero.

(Embodiment 5)
Next, a specific example of the elementary noise signal source 10 of the noise signal supply unit 2 shown in FIG. FIG. 36 shows an elementary noise signal source 10 using a pseudo noise signal source.

Containing the noise signal x _E in this embodiment, a signal having a pair object broadband property. In addition, when there is a purpose of multiplicity or secrecy, the signal further has no autocorrelation. The elementary noise signal source 10 supplies the elementary noise signal as a signal in a cross-correlation established state to the diffusion carrier processing means and the despreading carrier processing means that use the elementary noise signal supplied by the elementary noise signal source 10. As long as this requirement is met, any signal including noise may be used in the embodiments of the present invention.

Containing the noise signal source in the embodiment 5 shown in FIG. 36. 10, and it supplies the hydrogen noise signal x _E which is adapted to the requirements by combining a large number of binary pseudo-noise generator.

36. The elementary noise signal source 10 of the noise signal supply unit 2 according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 36 includes a single-chip microcontroller 68 and a resistor network 69.

The microcontroller 68 includes a large number of independently operated 16-bit length M-sequence pseudo-noise signal generators (hereinafter referred to as M-sequence generators) having linear feedback shift registers 68a and 68b. A plurality of M-sequence generators 68a and 68b are equivalently configured by software. Here, each of the M series generators 68a and 68b is configured such that the feedback tap position, the initial value of the shift register, the start timing, and the drive clock speed are different. Further, each M-sequence generator 68a, 68b is configured to receive an elementary noise signal generated so that the drive clock speed is several hundred times or more, for example, several hundred times the carrier frequency of the primary modulation of the spread input object. It is designed to have a broadband property.

The outputs of the M series generators 68a and 68b are binary signals that take the CMOS standard logic signal levels of 0 [V] and 5 [V] drawn outside the chip of the microcontroller. The output signals of all the M series generators 68a and 68b are synthesized by a resistor network 69 combined with a pull-down to −5 [V] so that the average value becomes almost zero. The pseudo-noise signal synthesized by the resistor network 69 has some DC component and digital noise accompanying the operation of the microcontroller superimposed on it, but it has a wide band-to-object property and has almost no autocorrelation. It is. The elementary noise signal source 10 is beneficially used as a part of the elementary noise signal that also outputs the digital noise. The signal synthesized by the resistor network 69 is output to the wired transmission medium 11 through amplifier and capacitor coupling (not shown).

In the conventional spread spectrum communication system with a built-in reference signal shown in FIG. 40, the cross-correlation value is obtained by using the fact that the pseudo-noise signal used for the spread code is repeated in a long period in the synchronization acquisition operation on the receiver side. Since the synchronization point is found by calculation, the characteristics of the signal over a long period of time, even for an irregular signal, must have a periodicity in which waveforms with irregularities of the same pattern are repeated at a constant period. It was.

In an embodiment of the present invention, on the other hand, is possible to supply a correlation was established state, a signal having a pair object broadband performance as a noise signal x _W in the diffusion module 1 and despreading module 2 by sharing a than demanded, the noise signal x _W, periodicity is not required, it is possible to utilize any of the pseudo-noise signal to the noise signal x _W if satisfying the conditions required, elementary noise signal to the base There is an advantage that it is easy to generate.

Thus, according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, an elementary noise signal can be easily generated and supplied. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 6)
Next, a wireless embodiment will be described. In each of the above-described embodiments, the transmission medium 11 represented in FIG. 1 has been described using an electrical conductor typified by an electric wire. For example, the configuration of the transmission system in FIG. 33 represents a wired transmission system using one electric wire as the transmission medium 11.
However, the transmission system according to the present embodiment is not limited to a transmission medium using an electrical conductor. For example, a space in which electromagnetic waves including light and radiation are propagated may be used as a transmission medium, and a solid, liquid, or gas that propagates a wave of pressure such as a sound wave, deformation, position change, or the like may be used as the transmission medium.
As an example, an example will be described in which the transmission medium 11 shown in FIG. 1 is used instead of the electrical conductor. Since the transmission medium does not use an electrical conductor, transmission using the transmission medium is so-called wireless transmission.

FIG. 37 is a configuration example of a spread spectrum transmission system in which the first embodiment represented by FIG. 1 is a wireless system.
The transmission system includes a diffusion module 3, a despreading module 4, and a noise signal supply unit 2. The diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 are connected via a transmission medium (hereinafter referred to as a wireless transmission medium) 11.
The noise signal supply unit 2 includes an elementary noise signal source 10 and a transmission interface unit 70. The diffusion module 3 includes a reception interface unit 71, a diffusion carrier processing unit 13, a diffusion unit 14, and a transmission interface unit 72. The despreading module 4 includes a first reception interface unit 73, a despread carrier processing unit 15, a despreading unit 16, and a second reception interface unit 74.

The configuration of FIG. 37 is the same as the configuration of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, in which the transmission medium is a wireless transmission medium, and the spreading module 3, the despreading module 4, and the noise signal supply unit 2 are In this configuration, a transmission / reception interface unit is provided in the input / output part.
In the noise signal supply unit 2, the transmission interface unit 70 transmits the elementary noise signal x _E generated by the elementary noise signal source 10 to the wireless transmission medium 11 as a wireless elementary noise signal w _E. In the diffusion module 3, the reception interface unit 71 by entering a wireless noise signal w _W wireless transmission medium 11 as a noise signal x _T, which was supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means 13, transmission interface 72 spread output object s Is transmitted to the wireless transmission medium 11 as a wireless diffusion output object w _S.
Despreading module 4, supplied to the first wireless noise signal w _W noise signal x inputted as _R despreading carrier processing means 13 of the receiving interface unit 73 is a wireless transmission medium 11, a second receiving interface 74 Supplies the wireless noise signal w _W of the wireless transmission medium 11 to the despreading means 16 as the despread input object h including the spread output object s.
In the wireless transmission medium 11, the wireless elementary noise signal w _E supplied by the noise signal supply unit 2, the wireless diffusion output object w _S supplied by the diffusion module 3, and noise that enters the wireless transmission medium 11 from the internal and external noise sources 12. w _N and the signal m, such as communication other than the transmission system performing communications is overlapped with a transmission medium 11, diffusion modules 3 and despreading module 4, the wireless noise signal w _W which is the sum of them Enter. Note that the first reception interface unit 73 and the second reception interface unit 74 provided in the despreading module 4 may share one of them if there is no problem in function.

Hereinafter, several transmission media and signal forms transmitted via the transmission media will be specifically described as an example of a wireless system.
This is not all of those that can be used as a transmission medium or a signal form to be transmitted through the transmission medium, but can be applied in the same manner as long as various requirements shown in the sixth embodiment are satisfied. .

(Embodiment 6-1) When radio waves are used as a transmission medium First, a case where radio waves are set as a transmission signal will be described. In this case, the transmission medium is a space through which radio waves are propagated.
In the configuration of FIG. 37, the transmission interfaces 70 and 72 are, for example, a combination of a wireless antenna for transmission and a wireless transmitter. In the configuration of FIG. 37, the reception interfaces 71, 73, and 74 are, for example, a combination of a reception wireless antenna and a wireless receiver.
Noise signal supply unit 2 generates a prime noise signal x _E having a pair object broadband property under the noise signal source 10, and sends it to the space into a wireless-containing noise signal w _E at the transmission interface 70. There are various wireless communication signals in the space, and a signal such as communication other than the present transmission system performing communication using the transmission medium 11 is defined as noise m. In addition, lightning discharge or discharge of static electricity in space, there are various radio noise, such as those emitted from the periphery of the electrical equipment, a comprehensive them was the noise and w _N. These noises m, w _N is the outgoing signal w _E, superimposed on w _S, is commonly supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means 13, the despreading carrier processing means 15 thereof summed signal as a wireless noise signal w _W .
Diffusion module 3 and despreading module 4, a wireless noise signal w _W of the wireless-containing noise signal w _E and noise m wireless transmission space, w _N and wireless transmission space diffusion output object w _S wireless transmission space is superimposed The noise signals x _T and x _R are respectively input and supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15, and these noise signals x _T and x _R are converted into the diffusion carrier c _T and the despread carrier c _R , respectively. In order to use them as noise signals for processing, the noise signals x _T and x _R must be in a cross-correlation established state. In general, a factor that lowers the cross-correlation is a signal propagation path difference from the signal transmission point to the signal reception point, and since it is easy to obtain a cross-correlation establishment state in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2 that is small, for example, a spread carrier The processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 are operated in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2.

The despread carrier c _R despreading means 16 despreads module 4 enters is the component and the cross-correlation established state diffusion carrier c _T in a component diffusion output object s in despreading input object h There is a need. The factor that lowers the cross-correlation is mainly the signal propagation path from the transmission point to the reception point of the wireless spread output object w _{S. When} the distance between the spread module 3 and the despread module 4 is reduced, the cross-correlation established state is established. Since it is easy to obtain, for example, the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 are operated in the vicinity of each other. This despreading the despread carrier processing means 15 of the module 4 is appropriately delayed despread carrier c _R in the series direction of the signal in the course of processing the noise signal to despread carrier c _R, reverse despreading module 4 those diffusion output object may be look smaller series direction of the deviation of the signal caused in the process of being transmitted to the despread module from the diffusion module relative to despread carrier c _R a diffuser 16 is input .

Thus, according to the embodiment 6-1 of the present invention, it is possible to perform spread spectrum communication of a radio wave system with simple components and a small configuration.
Conventionally, spread spectrum communication has not been used in a small-sized wireless communication device such as an RFID or a small wireless remote controller. It is possible to give features such as noise resistance, ability to communicate with a minute power density, high multiplicity, and high security.

(Embodiment 6-2) When an acoustic signal is used as a transmission medium Next, a case where an acoustic signal is in a transmission signal form will be described. The acoustic signal includes, for example, an audible frequency band signal, an ultrasonic band, and an ultra-low frequency band signal, and any signal may be used. In this case, the transmission medium is, for example, air. In addition, there are various transmission media such as gas, powder, liquid such as water, machine oil, and petroleum, solid such as concrete, steel frame, piping, steel cord, rail, and human body.
In the configuration of FIG. 37, the transmission interfaces 70 and 72 are, for example, a combination of a speaker and an acoustic amplifier. In the configuration of FIG. 37, the reception interfaces 71, 73, and 74 are, for example, a combination of a microphone and a microphone amplifier.
Noise signal supply unit 2 generates a prime noise signal x _E having a pair object broadband property under the noise signal source 10, and sends it to the space into a wireless-containing noise signal w _E at the transmission interface 70. The diffusion output object s output from the diffusion module is also converted into a transmission signal w _S by the transmission interface 72 and transmitted to the space. There are various sounds in the space, and the sound of communication other than the present transmission system that performs communication using the transmission medium 11 is defined as noise m. In addition, the space there are other sounds, to what was overall it with noise w _N. These noises m, _{w N} is superimposed the outgoing signal _w E, a _{w S,} their sum signal is a wireless noise signal _{w W.}
Despreading module 4 and the diffusion module 3, the noise m of the wireless-containing noise signal w _E and wireless transmission space, w _N and wireless noise signal w _W of the wireless transmission space diffusion output object w _S is superimposed wireless transmission space Are input as noise signals x _T and x _R , respectively, and supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means. The noise signals x _T and x _R are noises for processing the diffusion carrier and the despread carrier. In order to use them as signals, the noise signals x _T and x _R must be in a cross-correlation established state. In general, a factor that lowers the cross-correlation is a signal propagation path difference from the signal transmission point to the signal reception point, and since it is easy to obtain a cross-correlation establishment state in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2 that is small, for example, a spread carrier The processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 are operated in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2.

As a result, according to the present embodiment 6-2, it is possible to perform the spread spectrum communication of the acoustic signal system with a simple configuration and a small configuration.
Conventionally, spread spectrum communication has not been used in small-scale acoustic signal devices such as an ultrasonic remote controller and sensing. However, if the present embodiment 6-2 is applied, the spread spectrum communication is unique to the spread spectrum communication. Features such as noise, ability to communicate with minute power density, high multiplicity, and high security can be given.

(Embodiment 6-3) Case where optical signal is used as transmission medium Next, a case where an optical signal is used as a transmission signal will be described. The optical signal includes a visible light signal, an infrared region signal, and an ultraviolet region signal. Other similar signals include radiation, and any signal may be used. In this case, the transmission medium is, for example, in the atmosphere. In addition, various transmission media may be used such as outer space, gas, liquid such as water and oil, and solid such as glass and optical fiber.
In the configuration of FIG. 37, the transmission interfaces 70 and 72 are, for example, a combination of a light emitting diode (LED) and an LED drive amplifier. In the configuration of FIG. 37, the reception interfaces 71, 73, and 74 are, for example, a combination of a phototransistor and a phototransistor amplifier.
Noise signal supply unit 2 generates a prime noise signal x _E having a pair object broadband property under the noise signal source 10, and sends it to the space into a wireless-containing noise signal w _E at the transmission interface 70. The diffusion output object s output from the diffusion module is also converted into a transmission signal w _S by the transmission interface 72 and transmitted to the space. There are various lights in the space, and the light of communication other than the present transmission system that performs communication using the transmission medium 11 is defined as noise m. In addition, the space there are other light, to what was overall it with noise w _N. These noises m, _{w N} is superimposed the outgoing signal _w E, a _{w S,} their sum signal is a wireless noise signal _{w W.}
Diffusion module and despreading module, noise m of the wireless-containing noise signal w _E and wireless transmission space, w _N and noise wireless noise signal w _W of the wireless transmission space diffusion output object w _S wireless transmission space is superimposed The signals x _T and x _R are respectively input and supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means, and these noise signals x _T and x _R are used as noise signals for processing the diffusion carrier and the despread carrier. In order to use them, the noise signals x _T and x _R must be in a cross-correlation established state. In general, a factor that lowers the cross-correlation is a signal propagation path difference from the signal transmission point to the signal reception point, and since it is easy to obtain a cross-correlation establishment state in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2 that is small, for example, a spread carrier The processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 are operated in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2.

Thus, according to the sixth embodiment, optical signal spread spectrum communication can be performed with simple components and a small configuration.
Conventionally, spread spectrum communication has not been used in small-scale optical signal devices such as optical remote controllers and sensing. However, if Embodiment 6-3 of the present invention is applied, they are specific to spread spectrum communication. Features such as noise resistance, ability to communicate with minute power density, high multiplicity, and high security can be given.

(Embodiment 6-4) Case where magnetic signal is used as transmission medium Next, a case where a magnetic signal is used as a transmission signal will be described. In this case, the transmission medium is, for example, a solid such as a space or a steel frame, gas or water, or a human body.
In the configuration of FIG. 37, the transmission interfaces 70 and 72 are, for example, a combination of a transmission coil and a coil drive amplifier. In the configuration of FIG. 37, the reception interfaces 71, 73, and 74 are, for example, a combination of a reception coil and a reception amplifier.
Noise signal supply unit 2 generates a prime noise signal x _E having a pair object broadband property under the noise signal source 10, and sends it to the space into a wireless-containing noise signal w _E at the transmission interface 70. The diffusion output object s output from the diffusion module is also converted into a transmission signal w _S by the transmission interface 72 and transmitted to the space. There are various magnetic fields in the space, and a magnetic field of communication other than the present transmission system that performs communication using the transmission medium 11 is defined as noise m. In addition, the space has a magnetic field other than that, the thing that was comprehensive it with noise w _N. These noises m, _{w N} is superimposed the outgoing signal _w E, a _{w S,} their sum signal is a wireless noise signal _{w W.}
Diffusion module and despreading module, noise m of the wireless-containing noise signal w _E and wireless transmission space, w _N and noise wireless noise signal w _W of the wireless transmission space diffusion output object w _S wireless transmission space is superimposed The signals x _T and x _R are respectively input and supplied to the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means, and these noise signals x _T and x _R are used as noise signals for processing the diffusion carrier and the despread carrier. In order to use them, the noise signals x _T and x _R must be in a cross-correlation established state. In general, a factor that lowers the cross-correlation is a signal propagation path difference from the signal transmission point to the signal reception point, and since it is easy to obtain a cross-correlation establishment state in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2 that is small, for example, a spread carrier The processing means 13 and the despread carrier processing means 15 are operated in the vicinity of the noise signal supply unit 2.

Thus, according to Embodiment 6-4 of the present invention, optical signal spread spectrum communication can be performed with simple components and a small-scale configuration.
Conventionally, spread spectrum communication has not been used in a small-scale timing signal device such as a magnetic card or magnetic sensing. However, if Embodiment 6-4 of the present invention is applied, the spread spectrum communication is unique to them. It is possible to provide features such as noise resistance, ability to communicate with minute power density, high multiplicity, and high security. The same applies when an electric field is used instead of a magnetic field. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 7)
Next, an application example of the fourth embodiment in which the transmission medium 11 shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 is a single wired type will be described as a seventh embodiment with reference to FIG.
In Embodiment 7 of the present invention shown in FIG. 38, the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a railway model, and a plurality of trains are operated independently on one track, and the collision is performed as in an actual railway. It is intended to provide a sense of realism that is dangerous.

In FIG. 38, a train 83 travels on the rail 11. The despreading module 4 is mounted on the train, and the diffusion module 3 is mounted on the controller 82 that controls the train. The rail 11 corresponds to the single wired transmission medium 11 shown in FIGS.
The configurations and operations of the diffusion carrier processing unit 13, the diffusion unit 14, the despreading carrier processing unit 15 and the despreading unit 16 are the same as those shown in FIGS.
The difference from the configuration shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 is that the diffusion input object a _T is a control command for controlling the movement of the train 83, and that control command is output from the operation switch unit 85. The speed control of the motor 86 of the train 83 is performed based on the spread input object a _T output from the despreading means 16.
The rail (single transmission medium) 11 acts as an antenna to capture noise existing in the environment where the diffusion module 3 and the despreading module 4 are installed. The noise existing in the environment is, for example, noise generated by a fluorescent lamp discharge tube or an inverter. This transmission system employs a discharge tube and the inverter of the fluorescent lamp as containing a noise signal source 10, and the noise of the captured fluorescence lamp rail as containing noise signal x _E. Separately, with the rails 11 penetrate the noise x _N of artificial noise for example the motor 86 is emitted, noise m, such as a signal from other communication signal source 17a to the rail to the transmission medium is present, the rail The (single transmission medium) 11 superimposes noises x _N and m on the elementary noise signal x _E due to the characteristics of the transmission medium itself. It said rail noise signal captured by x _E or noise x _N in the noise signal x _{_E,} the noise and supplies the signal m is superimposed noise signal supplying unit 2 of FIGS. 33 and 34 to the diffusion module 3 and despreading module 4 the signal _{x W.}

The noise signal supply unit 2 supplies a signal obtained by adding the noises x _N and m to the elementary noise signal x _E to both the

carrier processing units

13 and 15 as a noise signal x _W. Thus, both carriers processing means 13 and 15 will share the noise signal _{x W.}
Diffusing carrier processing means 13 inputs the noise signal x _W creates a diffused carrier c _T, diffuser means 14, the spread output object s created by multiplying its diffusion carrier c _T spread input object a _T It is sent to the rail 11. Spread input object a _T is a signal outputted from the operation switch unit when the operation switch provided in the operation switch section is operated, a signal obtained by primary modulation operation information of the operation switch for example BPSK or the like.
Meanwhile, when transmitting a spread output object s output from diffuser means 14 to the despreading means 16, the rail 11, the characteristics of the transmission medium itself, the diffusion output object s, and containing noise signal x _E, the noise x _N , M overlap each other.
In this case, for the diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 of the despreading module 4 of the diffusion module 3 to input a signal of the rail 11 as a noise signal x _W, the noise signal x _W is hydrogen noise signal x _E appears to be a signal in which noises x _N and m entering the rail 11 and noise of the diffuse output object s are superimposed on each other.

Despreading the carrier processing means 15 inputs the signal of the rail 11 as a noise signal x _R through the wheel 84 is processed it to despread carrier c _R. Similarly, the despreading means 16 inputs the signal of the rail 11 as a despread input object h, and outputs the spread input object transmitted by multiplying the signal by the despread carrier to the motor 86 as a despread output object. . The motor 86 to which the despread output object is input demodulates the switch operation information of the operation switch unit 85 from the primary modulated signal to create a motor control signal, and drives the wheel 84 based on the motor operation according to the motor control signal. The force is adjusted and, for example, the speed and the traveling direction are controlled.

As described above, according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, a single wired transmission medium that is already used as a power supply medium for a train, called a rail, is further used to capture noise, supply noise signals, and information. It is possible to construct a spread spectrum communication application system in common with other transmissions. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 described above.

(Embodiment 8)
Next, an application example of the wireless sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 37 will be described as an eighth embodiment with reference to FIG. The eighth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 39 is intended to provide a function of wirelessly transmitting signal information to the blind person by applying the embodiment of the present invention to a cane and a traffic light for the blind person.

In FIG. 39, the traffic light 97 includes the diffusion module 3, and a receiver 91 incorporating the despreading module 4 is installed in a walking stick carried by a blind person. In the vicinity of traffic lights, the area where passers-by passes according to the indications by the lamps of the traffic lights, for example, noise from streetlight mercury lamps and fluorescent lights, neon sign discharge tubes, automobile gasoline engine ignition systems, etc. to a noise source, this embodiment these and containing noise signal source 10, using a noise supplied from them as containing a noise signal x _E. Further, the region, noise source 17a which emits another communication signal as noise m, or such as a lightning discharge noise, there noise source 12 that emits noise x _N other than the noise.

The elementary noise signal source 10, the noise source 17 a, or the noise source 12 in FIG. 39 functions as the noise signal supply unit 2. Accordingly, the noise signal supplying section 2 in FIG. 39 passerby In the vicinity of the traffic signal 97 and signal unit 97 is supplying the noise signal x _W in a region passing. In this case, the distance between the despreading module 4 and the diffusion module 3 of the traffic light 97 incorporated in the cane 90 carried by a blind person located in the traffic area in the vicinity of the traffic light 97 and the noise signal supply unit 2 are set to be substantially equal distances. Set it.

When the blind comes to passing region in the vicinity of the signal device 97 using the wand 90, the noise signal supply unit 2, the common supply noise signal x _W in despreading module 4 of the diffusion module 3 and wand 90 of the traffic signal 97 To do. Thus, the diffusion carrier processing means 13 the despread carrier processing means 15 of the despreading module 4 of the diffusion module 3, and share the noise signal x _W from the noise signal supply unit 2.

Signal device 97 generates input to processing the spread carrier c _T such noise as a noise signal x _T, transmits the signal information a _T at the diffusion carrier c _T as spread spectrum to spread output object s.
Wand blind 90 uses a cane itself as an antenna, the despread carrier c _R Enter generate processed in common the noise and traffic at the antenna as a noise signal x _R, the received signal in the despread carrier c _R A spectrum despreading operation is performed on h, signal information is obtained as a despread output object a _R , and signal information 96 is transmitted to a blind person using some notification means 98.
More specifically, the spreading module 3 is incorporated in a control box (not shown) near the traffic signal 97, and the reception antenna 93 and the transmission antenna 94 are similarly installed near the traffic signal 97.
Cane 90 for blind is made of metal and from its purpose, use for example this as an antenna for receiving the noise signal x _W. Further, the despreading module 4 and the audio circuit 8 are incorporated in the interior 91 of the cane 90.
Here, the position where the blind person carries the cane 90 to check the state of the signal or waits for the signal to change is in the vicinity of the signal, the distance between the elementary noise signal source 10 and the cane 90, and the elementary noise signal source 10 It is assumed that the distance between the receiving antennas 93 of the diffusion module of the traffic signal is close, and the noise received by the walking stick and the noise received by the traffic signal can be regarded as practically the same.
Similarly, the distance between the receiving antenna 93 and the wand 90 of the diffusion module of the traffic light is also sufficiently close.

In this environment, the noise x _E from containing noise signal source, the signal m the other communication, the noise signal x _W diffusion and output object s is superimposed each other diffusion module sends the spreading module of the signal-side 3 and the despread carrier processing means 15 of the wand side despreading module 4 are input as the same signal.
When the display by the lamp of the traffic light 90 changes from, for example, red to blue, information indicating the change is input to the diffusion means 14 as a diffusion input object a _T that is first-order modulated with BPSK in the traffic light 90, for example. 14 creates a spread output object s by multiplying the spread input object a _T by the spread carrier c _T processed and created by the spread carrier processing means 13, and outputs it to the space from the transmission antenna 94.

The cane 90 of the blind person captures the environmental signal by using the cane itself as an antenna. The captured signal is the environmental noise including the diffuse output object s from the traffic light 97. Blind wand 90 receives the noise and supplies the signal as a noise signal x _R is despread carrier processing means 15, and the despreading means 16 as despreading input object h. Despreading the carrier processing means 15 creates a despread carrier c _R by processing the noise signal x _R, supplied to the despreading means 16. Despreading means 16, a component of the spread input object a _T despread-extracted by multiplying the despread carrier c _R from despreading carrier processing means 15 to despread the input object h, audio as despreading output object c _R Output to circuit 98. The output despread output object a _R is input to the audio circuit 98 to inform the blind person that the display of the traffic light 97 has changed from red to blue, for example, as audio 96.

Thus, according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the noise in the shared space can be shared as a noise signal, and a spread spectrum communication application system can be configured using the common noise signal. Other configurations and the operation and effects thereof are the same as those of the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means share the noise signal having irregularity so that the noise signal is correlated with each other. The regular spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum despread carrier are processed, and the product of the spread spectrum carrier value and the spread spectrum carrier value indicates a constant regardless of the spread spectrum carrier value. Since it is to obtain a pair of a spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier, the spread spectrum carrier and the noise having irregularity existing in free space can be obtained without performing an active synchronization operation. Spectral despread carriers can be generated. Furthermore, it is possible to provide an object transmission system that achieves both high noise resistance and quick response.

Industrial application fields

According to the present invention, the spread spectrum communication system technology is used not only for information communication and ranging, but also for new features such as quick response, higher secrecy, small size, and low power consumption. It can be applied to transmission.

It is a block diagram which applied the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention to the spread spectrum information transmission system. It is a flowchart which shows the whole operation | movement of embodiment disclosed in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the application example of the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the application example of the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of a plane image. It is a block diagram which shows in the example which applied the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention to transmission of a plane image. It is a block diagram which shows the example which applied the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention to transmission of a planar image. It is a figure which shows the form example of the spreading | diffusion carrier and de-spreading carrier which can be used for the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the specific example of the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means of an analog structure, and a de-spreading carrier processing means in the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the input characteristic about the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means and de-diffusion carrier processing means which are shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the input characteristic about the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means and de-diffusion carrier processing means which are shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the specific example of the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means of a digital structure, and a de-spreading carrier processing means in the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the input characteristic about the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means and de-diffusion carrier processing means which are shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the input characteristic about the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means and de-diffusion carrier processing means which are shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the input characteristic in the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means and de-diffusion carrier processing means shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the input characteristic in the spreading | diffusion carrier processing means and de-diffusion carrier processing means shown in FIG. It is a specific numerical example of the characteristic shown in FIG.15 and FIG.6. It is a specific numerical example of the characteristic shown in FIG.15 and FIG.6. It is a figure which shows the method of adding a change to the numerical example shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the specific example of the spreading | diffusion carrier and de-diffusion carrier processing means in the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the specific example of the spreading | diffusion carrier and de-diffusion carrier processing means in the carrier processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing at the time of providing a delay in the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is a block diagram for performing a combination process of a plurality of noise signals in the process of processing a noise signal into a spread carrier and a despread carrier. It is a characteristic view for adjusting the spectrum composition of a noise signal about the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is a block diagram for producing | generating the signal which processes a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier about the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is a characteristic view explaining the process of the signal processing by FIG. It is a block diagram for performing the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier, and a noise signal by the combination process of a some process. It is a characteristic view at the time of performing the low-frequency restriction | limiting of a noise signal about the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is explanatory drawing at the time of performing low-frequency restriction | limiting of a noise signal about the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is a characteristic view at the time of performing the high frequency restriction | limiting of a noise signal about the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is explanatory drawing at the time of performing the high region restriction | limiting of a noise signal about the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is explanatory drawing at the time of performing the high region restriction | limiting of a noise signal about the process which processes a noise signal into a spreading | diffusion carrier and a de-spreading carrier. It is a block diagram which shows the example which made the transmission medium in the spread spectrum information communication system which concerns on embodiment of this invention shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the example which made the transmission medium in the spread spectrum information communication system which concerns on embodiment of this invention shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the whole operation | movement of the spread spectrum information communication system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the elementary noise signal source of the noise signal supply part in the spread spectrum information communication system which concerns on embodiment of this invention shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the example which made the transmission medium in the spread spectrum information communication system which concerns on embodiment of this invention shown in FIG. 1 wireless. It is a block diagram which shows the application example of Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the application example of embodiment which made the transmission medium shown in FIG. 37 the wireless system. It is a spread spectrum communication system of a related technique, and is a configuration diagram showing an example of a reference signal built-in method. It is a spread spectrum communication system of related technology, Comprising: It is a block diagram which shows the example of a 1st reference signal transmission system. It is a spread-spectrum communication system of related technology, Comprising: It is a block diagram which shows the example of a 2nd reference signal transmission system.

Explanation of symbols

1 Carrier processing section (carrier processing equipment)
2 Noise signal supply unit 3 Spread module (spread spectrum module)
4 Despreading module (Spectrum despreading module)
7, 11 Transmission medium 13 Spread carrier processing means (spread spectrum carrier processing means)
14 Spreading means (spread spectrum means)
15 Despread carrier processing means (spectrum despread carrier processing means)
16 Despreading means (spectrum despreading means)

Claims

A carrier processing device that outputs a spread spectrum carrier required at a transmission source and a spread spectrum despread carrier required at a transmission destination when transmitting a spread input object, and includes irregular noise including a noise component as a signal component. A noise signal supply unit that outputs a signal; a spread spectrum carrier processing unit that processes the noise signal into the spread spectrum carrier; and a spread spectrum carrier processing unit that processes the noise signal into the spread spectrum carrier. The noise signal supply unit supplies the noise signal to both the carrier processing means in common, and the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means share the noise signal. The noise signal is cross-correlated irregularities The spread spectrum carrier is processed into the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier, and the product of the spread spectrum carrier value and the spread spectrum carrier value indicates a constant regardless of the spread spectrum carrier value. A carrier processing apparatus for obtaining a pair of a carrier and the spectrum despread carrier.
The carrier processing according to claim 1, wherein the spread spectrum carrier processing means or the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means processes the noise signal into the carrier that is a binary signal, a multi-value signal, or an analog signal. apparatus.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the noise signal is a signal including an elementary noise signal and a noise component mixed therein.
3. The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the elementary noise signal is an analog signal, a discrete value sequence, or a signal obtained by combining them.
3. The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the elementary noise signal is a noise, a pseudo noise signal, or a signal obtained by combining these.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the noise component is noise superimposed on a noise signal input to both the carrier processing means.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means include a delay unit that delays the noise signal.
2. The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means have means for adjusting a configuration of intensity distribution with respect to a frequency band of the noise signal.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means include means for combining the noise signal with two or more noise signals.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum despread carrier processing means have means for mapping the noise signal.
The spread spectrum carrier processing means and the spread spectrum spread carrier processing means have means for combining the noise signal with a different noise signal, a signal processed with a noise signal, or a plurality of different signals processed with a noise signal. Item 2. The carrier processing apparatus according to Item 1.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spread spectrum carrier processing means and the reverse spectrum spread carrier processing means include means for extracting a feature point of a waveform of the noise signal or a signal obtained by processing the noise signal.
13. The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising means for generating a waveform signal based on a feature point of the extracted signal waveform.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the noise signal supply unit includes a wired transmission medium that supplies the noise signal to the spectrum spreading means and the spectrum despreading means in common.
The carrier processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the noise signal supply unit includes a wireless transmission medium that supplies the noise signal to the spectrum spreading means and the spectrum despreading means in common.
An object transmission system for transmitting a spread input object by applying spread spectrum communication technology, a noise signal supply unit for outputting an irregular noise signal including a noise component as a signal component, and the spread spectrum of the noise signal A spread spectrum output object comprising spread spectrum carrier processing means for processing a carrier and spread spectrum despread carrier processing means for processing the noise signal to the spread spectrum spread carrier, wherein the spread input object is spread spectrum by the spread spectrum carrier. And a spectrum despreading unit that despreads and outputs a component of the spread input object from a signal including the spread spectrum output object by the spectrum despread carrier. The noise signal supply unit supplies the noise signal to both the carrier processing means in common, and the diffusion carrier processing means and the despread carrier processing means share the noise signal to share the noise signal. The signal is processed into cross-correlated irregular spread spectrum carrier and spread spectrum spread carrier, and the product of the spread spectrum carrier value shows a constant regardless of the spread spectrum carrier value. An object transmission system for obtaining a pair of the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier, and further comprising a transmission medium for connecting the spread spectrum means and the spread spectrum spread means.
The object transmission system according to claim 16, wherein the noise signal includes the spread spectrum output object.
The object transmission system according to claim 16, wherein the noise signal includes a spread spectrum output object of another channel in multiplex transmission.
The spread spectrum means and the spread spectrum spread means are connected by a single transmission medium, and two or more spread spectrum carry means and two or more spread spectrum spread carriers differ in the noise signal. A spread carrier and a spectrum despread carrier, wherein the spectrum spread means and the spectrum despread means use the different spectrum spread carrier and the spectrum despread carrier on the single transmission medium. The object transmission system according to claim 16, wherein the objects are transmitted in parallel.
The object transmission system according to claim 16, wherein the spectrum spreading means and the spectrum despreading means are connected by a wired transmission medium.
The object transmission system according to claim 16, wherein the spectrum spreading means and the spectrum despreading means are connected by a wireless transmission medium.
An object transmission method for transmitting a spread input object by applying spread spectrum communication technology, the step of outputting an irregular noise signal including a noise component as a signal component, and the noise by sharing the noise signal The signal is processed into a cross-correlated irregular spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier, and the product of the spread spectrum spread carrier value indicates a constant regardless of the spread spectrum carrier value. Obtaining a pair of the spread spectrum carrier and the spread spectrum spread carrier; spreading the spread input object with the spread spectrum carrier and transmitting the spread spectrum output object; and spreading the spread spectrum with the spread spectrum carrier. Output object Object Transmission method characterized by performing a step of spectral despreading component of the spread input object from a signal including.