WO2010045993A1 - Electric motor for driving a compressor - Google Patents

Electric motor for driving a compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010045993A1
WO2010045993A1 PCT/EP2009/005238 EP2009005238W WO2010045993A1 WO 2010045993 A1 WO2010045993 A1 WO 2010045993A1 EP 2009005238 W EP2009005238 W EP 2009005238W WO 2010045993 A1 WO2010045993 A1 WO 2010045993A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric motor
compressor
semiconductor switch
driving
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/005238
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ralf Bremeier
Original Assignee
Wabco Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wabco Gmbh filed Critical Wabco Gmbh
Priority to EP09777291A priority Critical patent/EP2340607A1/en
Publication of WO2010045993A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010045993A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/0408—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics details, e.g. antifreeze for suspension fluid, pumps, retarding means per se
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/20—Spring action or springs
    • B60G2500/201—Air spring system type
    • B60G2500/2012—Open systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/20—Spring action or springs
    • B60G2500/205—Air-compressor operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric motor for driving a compressor. Furthermore, the invention relates to a compressor unit for generating compressed air in vehicles.
  • Compressors for generating compressed air in vehicles are often driven by electric motors.
  • the electric motors are operated as needed, ie when compressed air is needed, the respective electric motor is turned on and turned off when sufficiently generated amount of compressed air.
  • a control input of the relay is acted upon via a control line by means of a control unit with a control voltage or a control current. Due to the Beautschung it comes to a close or in the closed case to open the contacts. When closed, the current required by the electric motor, which is orders of magnitude higher than the control current, flows through the contacts.
  • the relay is located z. B. in or near the fuse box of the vehicle and is connected via a cable to the electric motor.
  • a problem with the use of electromechanical relay is the sticking of the contacts. In this sticking the contacts are connected to each other and can not be separated by the control voltage, whereby the electric motor is switched on permanently. Since the electric motor is usually not designed for continuous operation, it can take this damage.
  • the invention is therefore the object of providing a cost-effective and reliable system for supplying vehicles with compressed air available.
  • the invention provides for the integration of a semiconductor switch or a semiconductor relay into an electric motor.
  • a semiconductor switch which may occur in electromechanical relays sticking of the contacts is avoided, thus increasing the reliability of the system for compressed air supply.
  • the integration of the semiconductor switch in the electric motor the cost of the system are reduced, since the cable between the electric motor and the controller due to the very low control current compared to the current flowing through the electric motor can be correspondingly smaller in diameter.
  • the solution according to the invention has improved EMC behavior. Under a semiconductor switch in the context of the invention is also a semiconductor relay to understand.
  • the invention comprises a compressor unit according to claim 6, an air suspension system according to claim 8 and a brush bridge of an electric motor according to claim 9.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an electric motor for driving a compressor with integrated semiconductor switch
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a brush bridge of an electric motor with integrated semiconductor switch
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a compressor unit
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a pressure medium system for a pneumatic vehicle suspension.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of an electric motor 15 for driving a compressor 13 of an air supply unit, the electric motor 15 having a semiconductor switch 30 for controlling the electric motor 15.
  • the semiconductor switch 30 Under the control of the electric motor 15 by the semiconductor switch 30 is to be understood that at least one winding of the electric motor via the semiconductor switch 30 is connectable to a voltage source and thus via the semiconductor switch 30, a current flow in the winding is made possible.
  • the semiconductor switch is integrated in a brush bridge 40 of the electric motor 15.
  • a brush bridge 40 is to be understood as the part of the electric motor 15 which converts the contacts for establishing electrical contact with at least one coil of an armature of the electric motor 15. summarizes.
  • a system for supplying a vehicle with compressed air with the electric motor 15 according to the invention can be produced inexpensively, since the cabling effort is reduced. Furthermore, the system is very reliable, since no sticking of contacts can occur more.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the brush bridge 40 shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the semiconductor switch 30 is arranged between contacts 41, 42 of the brush bridge 40. Via the contacts 41, 42 of the electrical contact with an armature coil of the electric motor 15 is produced. Here, a contact 42 is connected to ground. The other contact 42 is connected to the semiconductor switch 30. About the semiconductor switch 30, this contact 42 is connected to the supply voltage and thus the armature coil are energized.
  • the contacts 41, 42 are usually made of carbon brushes.
  • an embodiment is conceivable in which a contact of the brush bridge 40 is connected to the supply voltage and the other contact via the semiconductor switch 30 is connected to the ground.
  • FIG. 3 shows a compressor unit.
  • the compressor unit has, in addition to the electric motor 15 according to the invention with integrated semiconductor switch 30, a compressor 13 and an air dryer 14. Via a cable 45, the semiconductor switch 30 is connected to a connector 50, via which the required electrical connections to the compressor unit can be made.
  • the compressor unit shown allows a particularly cost-effective design of a system for supplying a vehicle with compressed air.
  • FIG. 4 shows a system for supplying a vehicle with compressed air as part of an air suspension system. It is an air spring for a vehicle comprising four bellows 1, 2, 3, 4, each cushioning a wheel of a four-wheeled vehicle.
  • the bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 are connected via pneumatic lines with 2/2-way valves 6, 7, 9, 10.
  • a pressure accumulator 5 is provided, which is connected via a pneumatic line with a further 2/2-way valve 8.
  • a pressure sensor 11 is connected to the pressure accumulator 5.
  • the valves 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are connected on the pressure medium side via further pneumatic lines together to an air dryer 14 with regeneration function.
  • the air dryer 14 has a regeneration function of a known type in which compressed air flows back from the air spring bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 or the pressure accumulator 5 via the valves 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 in the air dryer 14 and a regeneration path in the Atmosphere can be drained, with moisture is dissipated.
  • the air dryer 14 is the pressure medium side with a compressor 13, z. B. a reciprocating compressor of conventional design, connected.
  • the compressor 13, which can be driven by the electric motor 15 via a shaft, draws in air from the atmosphere via a suction connection 17.
  • compressed air can be generated and delivered to the pressure medium system 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14 performing air suspension system.
  • valves 6, 7, 8, 9 10 are designed as electromagnetically operable valves and connected with their electrical connections on the one hand to the electrical ground, on the other hand with an electronic control unit 12, which serves to control the functions described in more detail below. Furthermore, the air dryer 14 is connected to the control unit 12 via an electrical line in order to activate the regeneration function.
  • the electric motor 15 is connected to the activation via the semiconductor switch 30 via an electrical control line 31 to the control unit 12. Furthermore the semiconductor switch is still connected via an electrical measuring line 32 to the control unit 12. Furthermore, the semiconductor switch is connected via an electrical line 33 with a supply voltage present in the vehicle. Via the control line 31, the semiconductor switch 30 and thus the electric motor 15 can be switched on or off. For this purpose, the semiconductor switch 30 and thus the electric motor 15 is driven by the control unit 12 with a pulse width modulated voltage. About the pulse / pause ratio of this voltage, the rotational speed of the electric motor 15 can be controlled. This is z. B. a soft start of the electric motor 15 possible.
  • a sensor output of the semiconductor switch 30 is connected via the measuring line 32 to the control unit 12. The sensor output serves to output a current signal which is proportional to the current flowing through the semiconductor switch 30 and thus through the electric motor 15. Based on the current signal, the speed of the electric motor 15 and the pressure generated by the compressor 13 is determined in the control unit 12.
  • the pressure sensor 11 is connected to the control unit 12 via further electrical lines. Furthermore, with the control unit 12 a z. B. operated by the driver of the vehicle equipped with the air suspension system to operate control element 18, with the setting of different vehicle levels, e.g. upper, middle and lower levels. The respective vehicle level or the respective level position on the individual suspension struts of the vehicle is measured by means of suitable displacement sensors, which are not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of simplicity. These displacement sensors of known type are also connected to the control unit 12.
  • the control unit 12 processes these input signals of the pressure sensor 11, the operating element 18 and the displacement sensors and generates therefrom control signals for the semiconductor switch 30, the air dryer 14 and the valves 6, 7, 8, 9, 10th
  • the air suspension system according to FIG. 1 operates as follows:
  • control unit 12 When the control unit 12 detects a deviation between the level position measured by the respective displacement sensor and a desired level position determined on the basis of the operating element 18 at one or more spring struts, it controls the magnetic valve 6, 7, 9, 10 assigned to the suspension strut on, whereby the valve is switched from its blocking position in a passage position. If the level position is to be increased and thus the air mass in the bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 must be increased, controls the electronic control unit 12 in addition to the solenoid valve 8, whereby pressure fluid from the pressure accumulator 5 in the respective air spring bellows 1, 2, 3rd , 4 can flow.
  • control unit 12 optionally additionally switches the electric motor 15 by means of the semiconductor switch 30, whereby the compressor 13 is put into operation and a higher pressure level can be generated can still exist as in the pressure accumulator 5.
  • the compressed air reservoir is depleted in the pressure accumulator 5 and thus compressed air must be nachge felicitt by the compressor 13.
  • the pressure accumulator 5 is dimensioned for once or twice complete lowering and lifting of the vehicle.
  • valve 8 remains closed and the compressor 13 is turned off. Furthermore, the air dryer 14 is switched to the regeneration position, whereby compressed air from the air spring bellows to be vented 1, 2, 3, 4 can flow into the atmosphere. This also unwanted moisture is deposited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric motor (15) for driving a compressor of an air supply unit of a vehicle, wherein the electric motor (15) comprises at least one semiconductor switch (30) for actuating the electric motor (15). The invention further relates to a compressor assembly comprising a compressor and an electric motor (15).

Description

Elektromotor zum Antrieb eines Kompressors Electric motor for driving a compressor
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Elektromotor zum Antrieb eines Kompressors. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Kompressoraggregat zur Erzeugung von Druckluft in Fahrzeugen.The invention relates to an electric motor for driving a compressor. Furthermore, the invention relates to a compressor unit for generating compressed air in vehicles.
Kompressoren zur Erzeugung von Druckluft in Fahrzeugen werden oftmals von Elektromotoren angetrieben. Dabei werden die Elektromotoren bedarfsgerecht betrieben, d. h. wenn Druckluft benötigt wird, wird der jeweilige Elektromotor eingeschaltet und bei ausreichend erzeugter Druckluftmenge ausgeschaltet. Es ist bekannt als Schalter hierfür ein elektromechanisches Relais zu verwenden, welches einen beweglichen Anker zur Betätigung von Kontakten und eine Spule zur Realisierung der Schaltfunktion aufweist. Zur Betätigung der Schaltfunktion wird ein Steuereingang des Relais über eine Steuerleitung mittels eines Steuergerätes mit einer Steuerspannung bzw. einem Steuerstrom beaufschlagt. Aufgrund der Beauschlagung kommt es zu einem Schließen oder in dem geschlossenen Fall zu einem Öffnen der Kontakte. Im geschlossenen Zustand fließt der von dem Elektromotor benötigte Strom, der um Größenordnungen höher als der Steuerstrom ist, durch die Kontakte. Mit einer sehr geringen Steuerleistung bzw. Steuerstrom können somit hohe Ströme geschaltet werden. Das Relais befindet sich z. B. im oder in der Nähe des Sicherungskastens des Fahrzeugs und ist über ein Kabel mit dem Elektromotor verbunden. Ein Problem bei der Verwendung von elektromechanischen Relais stellt das Festkleben der Kontakte dar. Bei diesem Festkleben sind die Kontakte miteinander verbunden und lassen sich durch die Steuerspannung nicht mehr trennen, wodurch der Elektromotor dauerhaft eingeschaltet ist. Da der Elektromotor üblicherweise nicht für den Dauerbetrieb ausgelegt ist, kann er hierdurch Schaden nehmen. Es ist weiterhin bekannt, als Schalter einen Halbleiterschalter oder ein Halbleiterrelais zu verwenden, der im Steuergerät angeordnet und über ein Kabel mit dem Elektromotor verbunden ist. Aufgrund des hohen Stroms beim Einschalten und im eingeschalteten Zustand des Elektromotors, sind entsprechende EMV- Maßnahmen sowie Kühlmaßnahmen im Steuergerät erforderlich. Des Weiteren wird auch ein Kabel mit entsprechendem Durchmesser benötigt. Diese Aspekte führen zu einem entsprechenden Aufwand bei der Realisierung einer Anlage zur Erzeugung von Druckluft in einem Fahrzeug bzw. entsprechenden Kosten.Compressors for generating compressed air in vehicles are often driven by electric motors. The electric motors are operated as needed, ie when compressed air is needed, the respective electric motor is turned on and turned off when sufficiently generated amount of compressed air. It is known as a switch for this purpose to use an electromechanical relay having a movable armature for actuating contacts and a coil for realizing the switching function. To actuate the switching function, a control input of the relay is acted upon via a control line by means of a control unit with a control voltage or a control current. Due to the Beauschlagung it comes to a close or in the closed case to open the contacts. When closed, the current required by the electric motor, which is orders of magnitude higher than the control current, flows through the contacts. With a very low control power or control current thus high currents can be switched. The relay is located z. B. in or near the fuse box of the vehicle and is connected via a cable to the electric motor. A problem with the use of electromechanical relay is the sticking of the contacts. In this sticking the contacts are connected to each other and can not be separated by the control voltage, whereby the electric motor is switched on permanently. Since the electric motor is usually not designed for continuous operation, it can take this damage. It is also known to use as a switch a semiconductor switch or a semiconductor relay, which is arranged in the control unit and connected via a cable to the electric motor. Due to the high current when switching on and in the switched-on state of the electric motor, appropriate EMC measures and cooling measures in the control unit are required. Furthermore, a cable with a corresponding diameter is needed. These aspects lead to a corresponding expense in the realization of a system for generating compressed air in a vehicle or corresponding costs.
Der Erfindung liegt die daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine kostengünstige und zuverlässige Anlage zur Versorgung von Fahrzeugen mit Druckluft zur Verfügung zu stellen.The invention is therefore the object of providing a cost-effective and reliable system for supplying vehicles with compressed air available.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch die in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen angegebenen Merkmale. Die Unteransprüche enthalten zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen.The invention achieves this object by the features specified in the independent claims. The dependent claims contain expedient developments.
Die Erfindung sieht die Integration eines Halbleiterschalters oder eines Halbleiterrelais in einen Elektromotor vor. Durch die Verwendung von einem Halbleiterschalter wird das bei elektromechanischen Relais eventuell auftretende Kleben der Kontakte vermieden und somit die Zuverlässigkeit der Anlage zur Druckluftversorgung erhöht. Durch die Integration des Halbleiterschalters in den Elektromotor werden darüber hinaus die Kosten der Anlage reduziert, da das Kabel zwischen Elektromotor und Steuergerät aufgrund des sehr geringen Steuerstroms im Vergleich zum Strom, der durch den Elektromotor fließt, entsprechend geringer im Durchmesser ausfallen kann. Des Weiteren weist die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ein verbessertes EMV-Verhalten auf. Unter einen Halbleiterschalter im Sinne der Erfindung ist auch ein Halbleiterrelais zu verstehen. Des Weiteren umfasst die Erfindung ein Kompressoraggregat gemäß Anspruch 6, eine Luftfederungsanlage gemäß Anspruch 8 und eine Bürstenbrücke eines Elektromotors gemäß Anspruch 9.The invention provides for the integration of a semiconductor switch or a semiconductor relay into an electric motor. By the use of a semiconductor switch which may occur in electromechanical relays sticking of the contacts is avoided, thus increasing the reliability of the system for compressed air supply. In addition, the integration of the semiconductor switch in the electric motor, the cost of the system are reduced, since the cable between the electric motor and the controller due to the very low control current compared to the current flowing through the electric motor can be correspondingly smaller in diameter. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention has improved EMC behavior. Under a semiconductor switch in the context of the invention is also a semiconductor relay to understand. Furthermore, the invention comprises a compressor unit according to claim 6, an air suspension system according to claim 8 and a brush bridge of an electric motor according to claim 9.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und aus den anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. In der Zeichnung zeigt:Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments. In the drawing shows:
Figur 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Elektromotors zum Antrieb eines Kompressors mit integriertem Halbleiterschalter,1 shows a schematic view of an electric motor for driving a compressor with integrated semiconductor switch,
Figur 2 eine schematische Ansicht einer Bürstenbrücke eines E- lektromotors mit integriertem Halbleiterschalter,FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a brush bridge of an electric motor with integrated semiconductor switch,
Figur 3 eine schematische Ansicht eines Kompressoraggregats undFigure 3 is a schematic view of a compressor unit and
Figur 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer Druckmittelanlage für eine pneumatische Fahrzeugfederung.Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a pressure medium system for a pneumatic vehicle suspension.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines Elektromotors 15 zum Antrieb eines Kompressors 13 einer Luftversorgungseinheit, wobei der Elektromotor 15 einen Halbleiterschalter 30 zur Ansteuerung des Elektromotors 15 aufweist. Unter der Ansteuerung des Elektromotors 15 durch den Halbleiterschalter 30 ist zu verstehen, dass mindestens eine Wicklung des Elektromotors über den Halbleiterschalter 30 mit einer Spannungsquelle verbindbar ist und somit über den Halbleiterschalter 30 ein Stromfluss in der Wicklung ermöglicht wird. Bei der in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführung ist der Halbleiterschalter in einer Bürstenbrücke 40 des Elektromotors 15 integriert. Unter einer Bürstenbrücke 40 ist der Teil des Elektromotors 15 zu verstehen, der die Kontakte zur Herstellung des elektrischen Kontaktes mit mindestens einer Spule eines Ankers des Elektromotors 15 um- fasst. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Integration des Halbleiterschalters 30 in den Elektromotor 15 bzw. bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführung in die Bürstenbrücke 40 werden folgende Vorteile erzielt. Eine Anlage zur Versorgung eines Fahrzeugs mit Druckluft mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Elektromotor 15 kann kostengünstig hergestellt werden, da der Verkabelungsaufwand reduziert ist. Des Weiteren ist die Anlage sehr zuverlässig, da kein Kleben von Kontakten mehr auftreten kann.FIG. 1 shows a side view of an electric motor 15 for driving a compressor 13 of an air supply unit, the electric motor 15 having a semiconductor switch 30 for controlling the electric motor 15. Under the control of the electric motor 15 by the semiconductor switch 30 is to be understood that at least one winding of the electric motor via the semiconductor switch 30 is connectable to a voltage source and thus via the semiconductor switch 30, a current flow in the winding is made possible. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the semiconductor switch is integrated in a brush bridge 40 of the electric motor 15. A brush bridge 40 is to be understood as the part of the electric motor 15 which converts the contacts for establishing electrical contact with at least one coil of an armature of the electric motor 15. summarizes. With the inventive integration of the semiconductor switch 30 in the electric motor 15 and in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 in the brush bridge 40, the following advantages are achieved. A system for supplying a vehicle with compressed air with the electric motor 15 according to the invention can be produced inexpensively, since the cabling effort is reduced. Furthermore, the system is very reliable, since no sticking of contacts can occur more.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die in Figur 1 dargestellte Bürstenbrücke 40. Es ist zu erkennen, dass der Halbleiterschalter 30 zwischen Kontakten 41 , 42 der Bürstenbrücke 40 angeordnet ist. Über die Kontakte 41 , 42 wird der elektrische Kontakt mit einer Ankerspule des Elektromotors 15 hergestellt. Hierbei ist ein Kontakt 42 mit Masse verbunden. Der andere Kontakt 42 ist mit dem Halbleiterschalter 30 verbunden. Über den Halbleiterschalter 30 kann dieser Kontakt 42 mit der Versorgungsspannung verbunden und somit die Ankerspule mit Strom beaufschlagt werden. Die Kontakte 41 , 42 bestehen üblicherweise aus Kohlenbürsten. Neben der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist auch eine Ausführung denkbar, bei der ein Kontakt der Bürstenbrücke 40 mit der Versorgungsspannung verbunden ist und der andere Kontakt über den Halbleiterschalter 30 mit der Masse verbindbar ist.FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the brush bridge 40 shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the semiconductor switch 30 is arranged between contacts 41, 42 of the brush bridge 40. Via the contacts 41, 42 of the electrical contact with an armature coil of the electric motor 15 is produced. Here, a contact 42 is connected to ground. The other contact 42 is connected to the semiconductor switch 30. About the semiconductor switch 30, this contact 42 is connected to the supply voltage and thus the armature coil are energized. The contacts 41, 42 are usually made of carbon brushes. In addition to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, an embodiment is conceivable in which a contact of the brush bridge 40 is connected to the supply voltage and the other contact via the semiconductor switch 30 is connected to the ground.
Figur 3 zeigt ein Kompressoraggregat. Das Kompressoraggregat weist neben dem erfindungsgemäßen Elektromotor 15 mit integriertem Halbleiterschalter 30 einen Verdichter 13 und einen Lufttrockner 14 auf. Über ein Kabel 45 ist der Halbleiterschalter 30 mit einem Anschlussstecker 50 verbunden, über den die benötigten elektrischen Verbindungen zum Kompressoraggregat hergestellt werden können. Das dargestellte Kompressoraggregat ermöglicht einen besonders kostengünstigen Aufbau einer Anlage zur Versorgung eines Fahrzeugs mit Druckluft.FIG. 3 shows a compressor unit. The compressor unit has, in addition to the electric motor 15 according to the invention with integrated semiconductor switch 30, a compressor 13 and an air dryer 14. Via a cable 45, the semiconductor switch 30 is connected to a connector 50, via which the required electrical connections to the compressor unit can be made. The compressor unit shown allows a particularly cost-effective design of a system for supplying a vehicle with compressed air.
In Figur 4 ist eine Anlage zur Versorgung eines Fahrzeugs mit Druckluft als Teil einer Luftfederungsanlage dargestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Luftfede- rungsanlage für ein Fahrzeug, die vier Luftfederbälge 1 , 2, 3, 4 umfasst, die jeweils ein Rad eines vierrädrigen Fahrzeugs abfedern. Die Luftfederbälge 1 , 2, 3, 4 sind über pneumatische Leitungen mit 2/2-Wegeventilen 6, 7, 9, 10 verbunden. Des Weiteren ist ein Druckspeicher 5 vorgesehen, der über eine pneumatische Leitung mit einem weiteren 2/2-Wegeventil 8 verbunden ist. Zur Sensie- rung des Drucks in dem Druckspeicher 5 ist ein Drucksensor 1 1 mit dem Druckspeicher 5 verbunden.FIG. 4 shows a system for supplying a vehicle with compressed air as part of an air suspension system. It is an air spring for a vehicle comprising four bellows 1, 2, 3, 4, each cushioning a wheel of a four-wheeled vehicle. The bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 are connected via pneumatic lines with 2/2-way valves 6, 7, 9, 10. Furthermore, a pressure accumulator 5 is provided, which is connected via a pneumatic line with a further 2/2-way valve 8. To sense the pressure in the pressure accumulator 5, a pressure sensor 11 is connected to the pressure accumulator 5.
Die Ventile 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 sind druckmittelseitig über weitere pneumatische Leitungen gemeinsam an einen Lufttrockner 14 mit Regenerationsfunktion angeschlossen. Der Lufttrockner 14 weist eine Regenerationsfunktion bekannter Art auf, bei der Druckluft aus den Luftfederbälgen 1 , 2, 3, 4 oder dem Druckspeicher 5 über die Ventile 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 in den Lufttrockner 14 zurückströmt und über einen Regenerationspfad in die Atmosphäre abgelassen werden kann, wobei Feuchtigkeit abgeführt wird.The valves 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are connected on the pressure medium side via further pneumatic lines together to an air dryer 14 with regeneration function. The air dryer 14 has a regeneration function of a known type in which compressed air flows back from the air spring bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 or the pressure accumulator 5 via the valves 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 in the air dryer 14 and a regeneration path in the Atmosphere can be drained, with moisture is dissipated.
Der Lufttrockner 14 ist druckmittelseitig mit einem Kompressor 13, z. B. einem Kolbenkompressor üblicher Bauart, verbunden. Der über eine Welle von dem Elektromotor 15 antreibbare Kompressor 13 saugt über einen Ansauganschluss 17 Luft aus der Atmosphäre an. Durch Einschalten des Elektromotors 15 kann komprimierte Luft erzeugt und an die die Druckmittelanlage 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14 darstellende Luftfederungsanlage abgegeben werden.The air dryer 14 is the pressure medium side with a compressor 13, z. B. a reciprocating compressor of conventional design, connected. The compressor 13, which can be driven by the electric motor 15 via a shaft, draws in air from the atmosphere via a suction connection 17. By switching on the electric motor 15, compressed air can be generated and delivered to the pressure medium system 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14 performing air suspension system.
Die Ventile 6, 7, 8, 9 10 sind als elektromagnetisch betätigbare Ventile ausgebildet und mit ihren elektrischen Anschlüssen einerseits mit der elektrischen Masse verbunden, andererseits mit einem elektronischen Steuergerät 12, das zur Steuerung der nachfolgend noch näher beschriebenen Funktionen dient. Des Weiteren ist der Lufttrockner 14 zwecks Aktivierung der Regenerationsfunktion über eine elektrische Leitung mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden.The valves 6, 7, 8, 9 10 are designed as electromagnetically operable valves and connected with their electrical connections on the one hand to the electrical ground, on the other hand with an electronic control unit 12, which serves to control the functions described in more detail below. Furthermore, the air dryer 14 is connected to the control unit 12 via an electrical line in order to activate the regeneration function.
Der Elektromotor 15 ist zur Aktivierung über den Halbleiterschalter 30 über eine elektrische Steuerleitung 31 mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden. Des Weiteren ist der Halbleiterschalter noch über eine elektrische Messleitung 32 mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden. Weiterhin ist der Halbleiterschalter über eine elektrische Leitung 33 mit einer im Fahrzeug vorhandenen Versorgungsspannung verbunden. Über die Steuerleitung 31 kann der Halbleiterschalter 30 und somit der Elektromotor 15 ein- oder ausgeschaltet werden. Hierzu wird der Halbleiterschalter 30 und somit der Elektromotor 15 von dem Steuergerät 12 mit einer pulsweitenmodulierten Spannung angesteuert. Über das Puls/Pausen-Verhältnis dieser Spannung kann die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 15 gesteuert werden. Hierdurch ist z. B. ein Sanftanlauf des Elektromotors 15 möglich. Ein Sensorausgang des Halbleiterschalters 30 ist über die Messleitung 32 mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden. Der Sensorausgang dient zur Ausgabe eines Stromsignals, welches proportional zu dem durch den Halbleiterschalter 30 und somit durch den Elektromotor 15 fließenden Stroms ist. Anhand des Stromsignals wird in dem Steuergerät 12 die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 15 und der von dem Kompressor 13 erzeugte Druck ermittelt.The electric motor 15 is connected to the activation via the semiconductor switch 30 via an electrical control line 31 to the control unit 12. Furthermore the semiconductor switch is still connected via an electrical measuring line 32 to the control unit 12. Furthermore, the semiconductor switch is connected via an electrical line 33 with a supply voltage present in the vehicle. Via the control line 31, the semiconductor switch 30 and thus the electric motor 15 can be switched on or off. For this purpose, the semiconductor switch 30 and thus the electric motor 15 is driven by the control unit 12 with a pulse width modulated voltage. About the pulse / pause ratio of this voltage, the rotational speed of the electric motor 15 can be controlled. This is z. B. a soft start of the electric motor 15 possible. A sensor output of the semiconductor switch 30 is connected via the measuring line 32 to the control unit 12. The sensor output serves to output a current signal which is proportional to the current flowing through the semiconductor switch 30 and thus through the electric motor 15. Based on the current signal, the speed of the electric motor 15 and the pressure generated by the compressor 13 is determined in the control unit 12.
Der Drucksensor 11 ist über weitere elektrische Leitungen mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden. Des Weiteren ist mit dem Steuergerät 12 ein z. B. von dem Fahrer des mit der Luftfederungsanlage ausgestatteten Fahrzeuges zu bedienendes Bedienelement 18 verbunden, mit dem die Einstellung verschiedener Fahrzeugniveaus, z.B. eines oberen, eines mittleren und eines unteren Niveaus, möglich ist. Das jeweilige Fahrzeugniveau bzw. die jeweilige Niveaulage an den einzelnen Federbeinen des Fahrzeugs wird über geeignete Wegsensoren gemessen, die in der Fig. 1 der Einfachheit halber nicht dargestellt sind. Diese Wegsensoren bekannter Bauart sind ebenfalls mit dem Steuergerät 12 verbunden.The pressure sensor 11 is connected to the control unit 12 via further electrical lines. Furthermore, with the control unit 12 a z. B. operated by the driver of the vehicle equipped with the air suspension system to operate control element 18, with the setting of different vehicle levels, e.g. upper, middle and lower levels. The respective vehicle level or the respective level position on the individual suspension struts of the vehicle is measured by means of suitable displacement sensors, which are not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of simplicity. These displacement sensors of known type are also connected to the control unit 12.
Das Steuergerät 12 verarbeitet diese Eingangssignale des Drucksensors 11 , des Bedienelements 18 und der Wegsensoren und erzeugt hieraus Ansteuersignale für den Halbleiterschalter 30, den Lufttrockner 14 sowie die Ventile 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Die Luftfederungsanlage gemäß Figur 1 arbeitet wie folgt:The control unit 12 processes these input signals of the pressure sensor 11, the operating element 18 and the displacement sensors and generates therefrom control signals for the semiconductor switch 30, the air dryer 14 and the valves 6, 7, 8, 9, 10th The air suspension system according to FIG. 1 operates as follows:
Wenn das Steuergerät 12 an einem oder mehreren Federbeinen eine Abweichung zwischen der durch den jeweiligen Wegsensor gemessenen Niveaulage und einer Soll-Niveaulage, die aufgrund des Bedienelements 18 bestimmt wird, feststellt, so steuert es das dem Federbein zugeordnete Magnetventil 6, 7, 9, 10 an, wodurch das Ventil von seiner Sperrstellung in einer Durchlassstellung geschaltet wird. Sofern die Niveaulage erhöht werden soll und somit die Luftmasse in dem Luftfederbalg 1 , 2, 3, 4 erhöht werden muss, steuert das elektronische Steuergerät 12 zusätzlich das Magnetventil 8 an, wodurch Druckmittel von dem Druckspeicher 5 in den jeweiligen Luftfederbalg 1 , 2, 3, 4 strömen kann. Je nach gewünschtem Druck in dem Luftfederbalg 1 , 2, 3, 4 und vorhandenem Druck in dem Druckspeicher 5 schaltet das Steuergerät 12 gegebenenfalls zusätzlich den Elektromotor 15 mittels des Halbleiterschalters 30 ein, wodurch der Kompressor 13 in Betrieb gesetzt wird und ein höheres Druckniveau erzeugt werden kann als in dem Druckspeicher 5 noch vorliegt.When the control unit 12 detects a deviation between the level position measured by the respective displacement sensor and a desired level position determined on the basis of the operating element 18 at one or more spring struts, it controls the magnetic valve 6, 7, 9, 10 assigned to the suspension strut on, whereby the valve is switched from its blocking position in a passage position. If the level position is to be increased and thus the air mass in the bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 must be increased, controls the electronic control unit 12 in addition to the solenoid valve 8, whereby pressure fluid from the pressure accumulator 5 in the respective air spring bellows 1, 2, 3rd , 4 can flow. Depending on the desired pressure in the air spring bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 and existing pressure in the pressure accumulator 5, the control unit 12 optionally additionally switches the electric motor 15 by means of the semiconductor switch 30, whereby the compressor 13 is put into operation and a higher pressure level can be generated can still exist as in the pressure accumulator 5.
Es ist erkennbar, dass bei häufigem Niveauwechsel, z. B. infolge häufiger Betätigung des Bedienelements 18, der Druckluftvorrat in dem Druckspeicher 5 aufgebraucht wird und somit Druckluft durch den Kompressor 13 nachgefördert werden muss. Üblicherweise ist der Druckspeicher 5 für ein- bis zweimaliges vollständiges Absenken und Anheben des Fahrzeugs dimensioniert.It can be seen that with frequent level changes, z. B. due to frequent actuation of the control element 18, the compressed air reservoir is depleted in the pressure accumulator 5 and thus compressed air must be nachgefördert by the compressor 13. Usually, the pressure accumulator 5 is dimensioned for once or twice complete lowering and lifting of the vehicle.
Falls eine Verminderung der Luftmasse in einem Luftfederbalg 1 , 2, 3, 4 notwendig ist, so bleibt das Ventil 8 geschlossen und der Kompressor 13 ausgeschaltet. Des Weiteren wird der Lufttrockner 14 in die Regenerationsstellung umgeschaltet, wodurch Druckluft aus dem zu entlüftenden Luftfederbalg 1 , 2, 3, 4 in die Atmosphäre strömen kann. Hierbei wird außerdem unerwünschte Feuchtigkeit abgeschieden. If a reduction in the air mass in an air spring bellows 1, 2, 3, 4 is necessary, the valve 8 remains closed and the compressor 13 is turned off. Furthermore, the air dryer 14 is switched to the regeneration position, whereby compressed air from the air spring bellows to be vented 1, 2, 3, 4 can flow into the atmosphere. This also unwanted moisture is deposited.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektromotor (15) zum Antrieb eines Kompressors (13) einer Luftversorgungseinheit eines Fahrzeugs, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromotor (15) zumindest einen Halbleiterschalter (30) zur Ansteuerung des Elektromotors (15) aufweist.1. Electric motor (15) for driving a compressor (13) of an air supply unit of a vehicle, characterized in that the electric motor (15) has at least one semiconductor switch (30) for driving the electric motor (15).
2. Elektromotor (15) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Halbleiterschalter (30) in eine Bürstenbrücke (40) des Elektromotors (15) integriert ist.2. Electric motor (15) according to claim 1, characterized in that the semiconductor switch (30) in a brush bridge (40) of the electric motor (15) is integrated.
3. Elektromotor (15) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromotor (15) mit einer pulsweitenmodulierten Spannung angesteuert wird.3. Electric motor (15) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric motor (15) is driven with a pulse width modulated voltage.
4. Elektromotor (15) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Halbleiterschalter (30) einen Sensorausgang zur Ausgabe eines Stromsignals aufweist.4. Electric motor (15) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the semiconductor switch (30) has a sensor output for outputting a current signal.
5. Elektromotor (15) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass anhand des Stromsignals die Drehzahl des Elektromotors (15) und/oder der von dem Kompressor (13) erzeugte Druck bestimmt wird.5. Electric motor (15) according to claim 4, characterized in that based on the current signal, the rotational speed of the electric motor (15) and / or the pressure generated by the compressor (13) is determined.
6. Kompressoraggregat umfassend einen Kompressor (13) und einen Elektromotor (15) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche zum Antrieb des Kompressors (13).6. compressor unit comprising a compressor (13) and an electric motor (15) according to one of the preceding claims for driving the compressor (13).
7. Kompressoraggregat nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch einer Lufttrockner (14). 7. compressor unit according to claim 6, characterized by an air dryer (14).
8. Luftfederungssystem eines Fahrzeugs, gekennzeichnet durch einen Elektromotor (15) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 oder Kompressoraggregat nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 7.8. Air suspension system of a vehicle, characterized by an electric motor (15) according to one of claims 1 to 5 or compressor unit according to one of claims 6 to 7.
9. Bürstenbrücke (40) eines Elektromotors (15), gekennzeichnet durch ein Halbleiterschalter (30) zur Ansteuerung des Elektromotors (15). 9. brush bridge (40) of an electric motor (15), characterized by a semiconductor switch (30) for controlling the electric motor (15).
PCT/EP2009/005238 2008-10-22 2009-07-20 Electric motor for driving a compressor WO2010045993A1 (en)

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