WO2010000769A1 - Vacuum switching tube - Google Patents

Vacuum switching tube Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010000769A1
WO2010000769A1 PCT/EP2009/058243 EP2009058243W WO2010000769A1 WO 2010000769 A1 WO2010000769 A1 WO 2010000769A1 EP 2009058243 W EP2009058243 W EP 2009058243W WO 2010000769 A1 WO2010000769 A1 WO 2010000769A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating material
vacuum interrupter
ceramic
insulating
housing parts
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/058243
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ulf SCHÜMANN
Andreas Stelzer
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2010000769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010000769A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum interrupter with a housing having at least one ceramic housing portion and metallic housing parts are arranged, wherein transition areas between the at least one ceramic housing portion and the metallic housing parts are covered by means of a Isolierstoff Anlagen.
  • Such a vacuum interrupter is for example from the
  • the vacuum interrupter disclosed therein is arranged with a housing made of a ceramic housing section and metallic housing parts, has an insulating layer of aluminum oxide (AL2O3) at transition areas between the ceramic housing section and the metallic housing parts in order to increase an insulation distance and thus the dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter.
  • A2O3 aluminum oxide
  • Object of the present invention is to develop a vacuum interrupter of the type mentioned, which has improved properties with respect to their dielectric strength.
  • this object is achieved in a vacuum interrupter of the type mentioned in the fact that the IsolierstoffSchicht has an insulating material and the insulating properties of the insulating material influencing additives.
  • Such Isolierstoff Anlagen is particularly advantageous because on the one hand formed by the insulating material, an effective insulation gap between the metallic housing parts and the at least one ceramic housing portion is, and on the other hand by additives which influence the insulating properties of the insulating material, advantageously properties of the insulating material can be adjusted in an advantageous manner. This can be reduced by transition areas between the metallic housing parts and the ceramic housing section, where normally a high field strength and thus the risk of partial discharges, this high field strength by the influenced insulation properties and thus the risk of partial discharges can be reduced. This leads advantageously to a higher dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter and as a result to a longer life.
  • the additives are metals and / or conductive metal oxides. These materials are advantageous for influencing the insulation properties, because they allow an adjustment of a residual conductivity, which makes it possible to control the electric field in the transition region from the metallic housing parts to the ceramic housing section in the manner of field widening, so that the electric field reduced and the risk of partial discharges is reduced.
  • the IsolierstoffSchicht a residual conductivity in the range of 10 2 to 10 12 ohm cm.
  • field control is particularly effective at the transition area from the metallic housing parts to the ceramic housing section.
  • the additives are microvaristors.
  • Mikrovaristoren in the context of the invention are here, for example, small, substantially spherical ZnO- Particles, optionally doped and sintered with other metal oxides or oxides with varistor properties, which have non-linear properties in that they are normally non-conductive, but have a conductivity when a certain field strength is exceeded.
  • the use of microvaristors for influencing the insulating properties of the insulating material is therefore also advantageously suitable for field control at the transition region between the metallic housing parts and the ceramic housing section, because there at a high field strength through the
  • Microvaristors whose then existing conductivity a field intensity reduction is achieved in which the field strength concentration is widened by the insulating material and thus the field strength is reduced, so that the risk of partial discharges reduced and thus the dielectric strength and the life of the vacuum interrupter is increased.
  • a degree of filling of the insulating material layer with the microvaristors is between 10% and 90%.
  • a grain size of the microvaristors is between 0.2 .mu.m and 10 .mu.m.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a detail of a vacuum tube according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a further cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a further cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 is another partial cross-sectional view of a
  • FIG. 1 shows a vacuum interrupter 1 with a ceramic housing section 2 made of ceramic cylinders 3 and 4 and metallic housing parts in the form of end flanges 5, 6, which together with the ceramic housing section 2 form the housing of the vacuum interrupter 1, whereby through the end flange 5 a Contact terminal 7 of a moving contact 8 by means of a bellows 9 vacuum-tight extending therethrough and extends through the end flange 6, a contact terminal 10 of a fixed contact 11 therethrough.
  • metallic shielding 12, 13 and 14 for shielding the ceramic cylinder against metallic vapors that occur during a switching operation and the associated arc provided.
  • the moving contact 8 is coupled via its contact connection 7 with a drive unit, not shown in the figures, for initiating a drive movement into the moving contact 8 for closing or opening the contact system comprising moving contact 8 and fixed contact 11.
  • a drive unit not shown in the figures
  • On the outside of the housing of the vacuum interrupter 1 is at the transition areas 15, 16 and 17, in which a metallic Ge Housing part coincides with a ceramic housing portion, to improve the insulating properties an insulating material 18, 19 and 20 is provided, which overlaps both the respective metallic housing part and the ceramic housing section overlapping at the respective transition region 15, 16, 17.
  • the insulating layers 18, 19 and 20 are formed from an insulating material, for example a polyorganosiloxane, epoxy resin, thermoset or thermoplastic, which is provided with additives which influence the insulating properties of the insulating material to the effect that the Isolierstoff Anlagen example, a residual conductivity between 10 2 and 10 12th Ohm cm.
  • additives may be metals such as iron, gold, silver, copper or even metal oxides or other conductive additives.
  • microvectors which lead to nonlinear electrical properties of the insulating material so that the insulating material layer functions as an insulator as long as a certain field strength is not exceeded, and conductivity is formed by the microvaristors when limiting field strengths are exceeded .
  • the degree of filling of such insulating layer 18, 19, 20 with microvaristors is advantageously in the range between 10% and 90%, wherein the grain size of the microvaristors between 0.2 .mu.m and 10 .mu.m, and zinc oxide is used as a particularly preferred material for the microvaristors.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a vacuum interrupter 21, in which a ceramic cylinder 22 adjoins end flanks 23 and 24, wherein the transition regions 25 and 26 between the end flanges 23 and 24 and the ceramic cylinder 22 are covered by a layer of insulating material 27 as a ceramic housing section. which are beyond the velvet ceramic cylinder 22 and over the end flanges 23 and 24 as metallic housing parts partially extends.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further partial cross-sectional view of a vacuum interrupter 31 according to the invention, with a ceramic cylinder 32 and end flanges 33 and 34, wherein a first insulating layer 35 is provided in the outer region of the vacuum interrupter 31, which extends partly over the end flanges 33 and 34 and over the ceramic cylinder 32 completely extends, wherein a second insulating layer 36 and a third insulating layer 37 are provided, which can surround the vacuum interrupter 31 partially or completely.
  • the insulating material layer 36 may be, for example, an elastic buffer layer
  • the insulating material layer 37 may be a cast resin housing for covering the vacuum interrupter.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show further partial cross-sectional views of vacuum interrupters, in which an increased or increased insulation distance is formed in transition regions between metallic housing parts and ceramic housing sections in various ways.
  • steps or channels are formed between the ceramic housing section 42 and the metallic housing parts 43 and 44, which is filled with an insulating layer of an insulating material and additives contained therein.
  • an insulating layer 50 made of an insulating material with additives affecting the insulation properties is arranged above a solder 51, which is provided for connecting metallic housing parts 52, 53 and a ceramic housing section 54.

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

In order to improve upon a vacuum switching tube (1) comprising a housing with at least one ceramic housing section (2) and metal housing parts (5, 6), wherein transition areas (15, 16, 17) between the at least one ceramic housing section and the metal housing parts are covered by way of an insulating material layer (18, 29, 20), so that said vacuum switching tube has improved dielectric properties, it is proposed that the insulating material layer comprise an insulating material and additives that influence the insulating properties of the insulating material.

Description

VakuumsehaltröhreVakuumsehaltröhre
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem Gehäuse mit mindestens einem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt und metallischen Gehäuseteilen angeordnet sind, wobei Übergangsbereiche zwischen dem mindestens einen keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt und den metallischen Gehäuseteilen mittels einer IsolierstoffSchicht abgedeckt sind.The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter with a housing having at least one ceramic housing portion and metallic housing parts are arranged, wherein transition areas between the at least one ceramic housing portion and the metallic housing parts are covered by means of a Isolierstoffschicht.
Eine derartige Vakuumschaltröhre ist beispielsweise aus derSuch a vacuum interrupter is for example from the
DE 40 30 806 Al bekannt. Die dort offenbarte Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem Gehäuse aus einem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt und metallischen Gehäuseteilen angeordnet sind, weist an Übergangsbereichen zwischen dem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt und den metallischen Gehäuseteilen eine IsolierstoffSchicht aus Aluminiumoxid (AL2O3) auf, um eine Isolationsstrecke und damit die Spannungsfestigkeit der Vakuumschaltröhre zu vergrößern .DE 40 30 806 Al known. The vacuum interrupter disclosed therein is arranged with a housing made of a ceramic housing section and metallic housing parts, has an insulating layer of aluminum oxide (AL2O3) at transition areas between the ceramic housing section and the metallic housing parts in order to increase an insulation distance and thus the dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vakuumschaltröhre der eingangs erwähnten Art weiterzubilden, welche über verbesserte Eigenschaften bezüglich ihrer Spannungsfestigkeit verfügt .Object of the present invention is to develop a vacuum interrupter of the type mentioned, which has improved properties with respect to their dielectric strength.
Erfindungsgemäß gelöst wird diese Aufgabe bei einer Vakuumschaltröhre der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch, dass die IsolierstoffSchicht ein Isoliermaterial und die Isolationseigenschaften des Isoliermaterials beeinflussende Zusätze aufweist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a vacuum interrupter of the type mentioned in the fact that the IsolierstoffSchicht has an insulating material and the insulating properties of the insulating material influencing additives.
Eine derartige IsolierstoffSchicht ist besonders vorteilhaft, weil einerseits durch das Isoliermaterial eine wirksame Isolationsstrecke zwischen den metallischen Gehäuseteilen und dem mindestens einen keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt ausgebildet ist, und andererseits durch Zusätze, welche die Isolationseigenschaften des Isoliermaterials beeinflussen, in vorteilhafter Weise gezielt Eigenschaften der IsolierstoffSchicht eingestellt werden können. Dadurch kann an Übergangsbereichen zwischen den metallischen Gehäuseteilen und dem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt, an denen normalerweise eine hohe Feldstärke und damit die Gefahr von Teilentladungen besteht, diese hohe Feldstärke durch die beeinflussten Isolationseigenschaften verringert werden und damit die Gefahr von Teilentladungen reduziert werden. Dies führt in vorteilhafter Weise zu einer höheren Spannungsfestigkeit der Vakuumschaltröhre und in Folge dessen zu einer größeren Lebensdauer.Such Isolierstoffschicht is particularly advantageous because on the one hand formed by the insulating material, an effective insulation gap between the metallic housing parts and the at least one ceramic housing portion is, and on the other hand by additives which influence the insulating properties of the insulating material, advantageously properties of the insulating material can be adjusted in an advantageous manner. This can be reduced by transition areas between the metallic housing parts and the ceramic housing section, where normally a high field strength and thus the risk of partial discharges, this high field strength by the influenced insulation properties and thus the risk of partial discharges can be reduced. This leads advantageously to a higher dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter and as a result to a longer life.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Zusätze Metalle und/oder leitende Metalloxide. Diese Materialien sind vorteilhaft zur Beeinflussung der Isolationseigenschaften, weil damit eine Einstellung einer Restleitfähigkeit möglich ist, durch die an dem Übergangsbereich von den metallischen Gehäuseteilen zu dem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt ei- ne Steuerung des elektrischen Feldes im Sinne einer Feldaufweitung möglich ist, so dass das elektrische Feld reduziert und die Gefahr von Teilentladungen verringert ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the additives are metals and / or conductive metal oxides. These materials are advantageous for influencing the insulation properties, because they allow an adjustment of a residual conductivity, which makes it possible to control the electric field in the transition region from the metallic housing parts to the ceramic housing section in the manner of field widening, so that the electric field reduced and the risk of partial discharges is reduced.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die IsolierstoffSchicht eine Restleitfähigkeit im Bereich von 102 bis 1012 Ohm cm auf. In diesem Bereich der Restleitfähigkeit ist eine Feldsteuerung am Übergangsbereich von den metallischen Gehäuseteilen zu dem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt besonders wirksam möglich.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the IsolierstoffSchicht a residual conductivity in the range of 10 2 to 10 12 ohm cm. In this area of the residual conductivity, field control is particularly effective at the transition area from the metallic housing parts to the ceramic housing section.
In einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Zusätze Mikrovaristoren .In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the additives are microvaristors.
Mikrovaristoren im Sinne der Erfindung sind hierbei beispielsweise kleine, im wesentlichen kugelförmige ZnO- Teilchen, gegebenenfalls mit anderen Metalloxiden oder Oxiden mit Varistoreigenschaften dotiert und gesintert, die nichtlineare Eigenschaften dahingehend aufweisen, dass sie normalerweise nicht leitend sind, bei Überschreiten einer bestimm- ten Feldstärke aber eine Leitfähigkeit aufweisen. Die Anwendung von Mikrovaristoren zur Beeinflussung der Isolationseigenschaften des Isoliermaterials ist daher ebenfalls vorteilhaft geeignet zur Feldsteuerung am Übergangsbereich zwischen den metallischen Gehäuseteilen und dem keramischen Gehäuseab- schnitt, weil dort bei einer hohen Feldstärke durch dieMikrovaristoren in the context of the invention are here, for example, small, substantially spherical ZnO- Particles, optionally doped and sintered with other metal oxides or oxides with varistor properties, which have non-linear properties in that they are normally non-conductive, but have a conductivity when a certain field strength is exceeded. The use of microvaristors for influencing the insulating properties of the insulating material is therefore also advantageously suitable for field control at the transition region between the metallic housing parts and the ceramic housing section, because there at a high field strength through the
Mikrovaristoren über deren dann vorhandene Leitfähigkeit eine Feldstärkenreduzierung erreicht wird, in dem durch das Isolationsmaterial die Feldstärkenkonzentration aufgeweitet wird und damit die Feldstärke verringert wird, so dass die Gefahr von Teilentladungen reduziert und damit die Spannungsfestigkeit und die Lebensdauer der Vakuumschaltröhre erhöht wird.Microvaristors whose then existing conductivity a field intensity reduction is achieved in which the field strength concentration is widened by the insulating material and thus the field strength is reduced, so that the risk of partial discharges reduced and thus the dielectric strength and the life of the vacuum interrupter is increased.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung liegt ein Füllgrad der IsolierstoffSchicht mit den Mikrovaristoren zwischen 10 % und 90 %.In an advantageous development of the invention, a degree of filling of the insulating material layer with the microvaristors is between 10% and 90%.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt eine Korngröße der Mikrovaristoren zwischen 0,2 μm und 10 μm.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a grain size of the microvaristors is between 0.2 .mu.m and 10 .mu.m.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung und eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die beiliegenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing and an embodiment with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:
Figur 1 eine Querschnittsansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Va- kuumschaltröhre;FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention;
Figur 2 eine Querschnittsansicht eines Ausschnittes einer erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumsehaltröhre; Figur 3 eine weitere Querschnittsansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre;FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a detail of a vacuum tube according to the invention; FIG. 3 shows a further cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention;
Figur 4 eine weitere Querschnittsansicht eines Ausführungs- beispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre;FIG. 4 shows a further cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention;
Figur 5 eine weitere Querschnittsansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre; undFIG. 5 shows a further cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention; and
Figur 6 eine weitere teilweise Querschnittsansicht einesFigure 6 is another partial cross-sectional view of a
Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre;Embodiment of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention;
Figur 1 zeigt eine Vakuumschaltröhre 1 mit einem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt 2 aus Keramikzylindern 3 und 4 sowie metallischen Gehäuseteilen in Form von Endflanschen 5, 6, welche mit dem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt 2 zusammen das Gehäuse der Vakuumschaltröhre 1 ausbilden, wobei sich durch den End- flansch 5 ein Kontaktanschluss 7 eines Bewegkontaktes 8 mittels eines Faltenbalges 9 vakuumdicht hindurch erstreckt und durch den Endflansch 6 ein Kontaktanschluss 10 eines Festkontaktes 11 hindurch erstreckt. Zwischen den beiden Keramikzylindern 3 und 4 sowie an den Enden der Keramikzylinder 3 und 4 sind metallische Abschirmelemente 12, 13 und 14 zum Abschirmen der Keramikzylinder gegen metallische Dämpfe, die während eines Schaltvorganges und des damit verbundenen Lichtbogens auftreten, vorgesehen. Der Bewegkontakt 8 ist über seinen Kontaktanschluss 7 mit einer figürlich nicht dar- gestellten Antriebseinheit zum Einleiten einer Antriebsbewegung in den Bewegkontakt 8 zum Schließen bzw. Öffnen des Kontaktsystems aus Bewegkontakt 8 und Festkontakt 11 gekoppelt. Außen am Gehäuse der Vakuumschaltröhre 1 ist an den Übergangsbereichen 15, 16 und 17, an denen ein metallisches Ge- häuseteil mit einem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt zusammentrifft, zur Verbesserung der Isolationseigenschaften eine IsolierstoffSchicht 18, 19 und 20 vorgesehen, welche am jeweiligen Übergangsbereich 15, 16, 17 sowohl das jeweilige me- tallische Gehäuseteil als auch den keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt überlappend abdeckt. Die Isolierstoffschichten 18, 19 und 20 sind dabei aus einem Isoliermaterial, beispielsweise einem Polyorganosiloxan, Epoxidharz, Duroplast oder Thermoplast gebildet, welches mit Zusätzen versehen ist, welche die Isolationseigenschaften des Isoliermaterials dahingehend beeinflussen, dass die IsolierstoffSchicht beispielsweise eine Restleitfähigkeit zwischen 102 und 1012 Ohm cm aufweist. Derartige Zusätze können Metalle wie Eisen, Gold, Silber, Kupfer oder auch Metalloxide oder andere leitfähige Zusatzstoffe sein. Weiterhin können als Zusätze auch sogenannte Mikrova- ristoren verwendet werden, welche zu nicht linearen elektrischen Eigenschaften der IsolierstoffSchicht dahingehend führen, dass die IsolierstoffSchicht als Isolator funktioniert, solange eine bestimmte Feldstärke nicht überschritten wird, und beim Überschreiten von Grenzfeldstärken eine Leitfähigkeit durch die Mikrovaristoren ausgebildet wird. Der Füllgrad einer derartigen IsolierstoffSchicht 18, 19, 20 mit Mikrovaristoren liegt vorteilhafterweise im Bereich zwischen 10 % und 90 %, wobei die Korngröße der Mikrovaristoren zwischen 0,2 μm und 10 μm liegt, und als besonders bevorzugtes Material für die Mikrovaristoren Zinkoxid verwendet wird.FIG. 1 shows a vacuum interrupter 1 with a ceramic housing section 2 made of ceramic cylinders 3 and 4 and metallic housing parts in the form of end flanges 5, 6, which together with the ceramic housing section 2 form the housing of the vacuum interrupter 1, whereby through the end flange 5 a Contact terminal 7 of a moving contact 8 by means of a bellows 9 vacuum-tight extending therethrough and extends through the end flange 6, a contact terminal 10 of a fixed contact 11 therethrough. Between the two ceramic cylinders 3 and 4 and at the ends of the ceramic cylinders 3 and 4 are metallic shielding 12, 13 and 14 for shielding the ceramic cylinder against metallic vapors that occur during a switching operation and the associated arc provided. The moving contact 8 is coupled via its contact connection 7 with a drive unit, not shown in the figures, for initiating a drive movement into the moving contact 8 for closing or opening the contact system comprising moving contact 8 and fixed contact 11. On the outside of the housing of the vacuum interrupter 1 is at the transition areas 15, 16 and 17, in which a metallic Ge Housing part coincides with a ceramic housing portion, to improve the insulating properties an insulating material 18, 19 and 20 is provided, which overlaps both the respective metallic housing part and the ceramic housing section overlapping at the respective transition region 15, 16, 17. The insulating layers 18, 19 and 20 are formed from an insulating material, for example a polyorganosiloxane, epoxy resin, thermoset or thermoplastic, which is provided with additives which influence the insulating properties of the insulating material to the effect that the Isolierstoffschicht example, a residual conductivity between 10 2 and 10 12th Ohm cm. Such additives may be metals such as iron, gold, silver, copper or even metal oxides or other conductive additives. Furthermore, it is also possible to use what are known as microvectors, which lead to nonlinear electrical properties of the insulating material so that the insulating material layer functions as an insulator as long as a certain field strength is not exceeded, and conductivity is formed by the microvaristors when limiting field strengths are exceeded , The degree of filling of such insulating layer 18, 19, 20 with microvaristors is advantageously in the range between 10% and 90%, wherein the grain size of the microvaristors between 0.2 .mu.m and 10 .mu.m, and zinc oxide is used as a particularly preferred material for the microvaristors.
Figur 2 zeigt eine teilweise Querschnittsansicht einer Vakuumschaltröhre 21, bei der ein Keramikzylinder 22 an Endflan- sehe 23 und 24 angrenzt, wobei die Übergangsbereiche 25 und 26 zwischen den Endflanschen 23 und 24 und dem Keramikzylinder 22 als keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt mittels einer IsolierstoffSchicht 27 abgedeckt sind, welche sich über den ge- samten Keramikzylinder 22 sowie über die Endflansche 23 und 24 als metallische Gehäuseteile teilweise hinweg erstreckt.FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a vacuum interrupter 21, in which a ceramic cylinder 22 adjoins end flanks 23 and 24, wherein the transition regions 25 and 26 between the end flanges 23 and 24 and the ceramic cylinder 22 are covered by a layer of insulating material 27 as a ceramic housing section. which are beyond the velvet ceramic cylinder 22 and over the end flanges 23 and 24 as metallic housing parts partially extends.
Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere teilweise Querschnittsansicht ei- ner erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre 31, mit einem Keramikzylinder 32 und Endflanschen 33 und 34, wobei im Außenbereich der Vakuumschaltröhre 31 eine erste IsolierstoffSchicht 35 vorgesehen ist, welche sich über die Endflansche 33 und 34 teilweise sowie über den Keramikzylinder 32 komplett hinweg erstreckt, wobei eine zweite IsolierstoffSchicht 36 und eine dritte IsolierstoffSchicht 37 vorgesehen sind, welche die Vakuumschaltröhre 31 teilweise oder auch komplett umgeben können. Die IsolierstoffSchicht 36 kann dabei beispielsweise eine elastische Pufferschicht sein, und die IsolierstoffSchicht 37 ein Gießharzgehäuse zur Ummantelung der Vakuumschaltröhre.FIG. 3 shows a further partial cross-sectional view of a vacuum interrupter 31 according to the invention, with a ceramic cylinder 32 and end flanges 33 and 34, wherein a first insulating layer 35 is provided in the outer region of the vacuum interrupter 31, which extends partly over the end flanges 33 and 34 and over the ceramic cylinder 32 completely extends, wherein a second insulating layer 36 and a third insulating layer 37 are provided, which can surround the vacuum interrupter 31 partially or completely. In this case, the insulating material layer 36 may be, for example, an elastic buffer layer, and the insulating material layer 37 may be a cast resin housing for covering the vacuum interrupter.
Die Figuren 4, 5 und 6 zeigen weitere teilweise Querschnittsansichten von Vakuumschaltröhren, bei denen in Übergangsbereichen zwischen metallischen Gehäuseteilen und keramischen Gehäuseabschnitten in verschiedener Art und Weise eine erhöhte bzw. vergrößerte Isolationsstrecke ausgebildet ist. In den Figuren 4 und 5 sind zwischen dem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt 42 und den metallischen Gehäuseteilen 43 und 44 Stufen bzw. Kanäle ausgebildet, welche mit einer Isolierstoff- schicht aus einem Isoliermaterial und darin enthaltenen Zusätzen gefüllt ist.Figures 4, 5 and 6 show further partial cross-sectional views of vacuum interrupters, in which an increased or increased insulation distance is formed in transition regions between metallic housing parts and ceramic housing sections in various ways. In FIGS. 4 and 5, steps or channels are formed between the ceramic housing section 42 and the metallic housing parts 43 and 44, which is filled with an insulating layer of an insulating material and additives contained therein.
In der Figur 6 ist eine Isolierstoffschicht 50 aus einem Isoliermaterial mit die Isolationseigenschaften beeinflussenden Zusätzen über einem Lot 51, welches zur Verbindung von metallischen Gehäuseteilen 52, 53 und einem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt 54 vorgesehen ist, angeordnet. BezugszeichenlisteIn FIG. 6, an insulating layer 50 made of an insulating material with additives affecting the insulation properties is arranged above a solder 51, which is provided for connecting metallic housing parts 52, 53 and a ceramic housing section 54. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Vakuumsehaltröhre1 vacuum tube
2 keramischer Gehäuseabschnitt2 ceramic housing section
3,4 Keramikzylinder3,4 ceramic cylinder
5, 6 Endflansche5, 6 end flanges
7 Kontaktabschluss7 contact closure
8 Bewegkontakt8 moving contact
9 Faltenbalg9 bellows
10 Kontaktanschluss10 contact connection
11 Festkontakt11 fixed contact
12, 13, 14 Dampfschirm12, 13, 14 steam screen
15, 16, 17 Übergangsbereiche15, 16, 17 transition areas
18, 19, 20 Isolierstoffschichten18, 19, 20 insulating layers
21 Vakuumsehaltröhre21 vacuum tube
22 Keramikzylinder22 ceramic cylinders
23, 24 Endflansche23, 24 end flanges
25, 26 Übergangsbereiche25, 26 transition areas
27 IsolierstoffSchicht27 insulating layer
31 Vakuumsehaltröhre31 vacuum tube
32 Keramikzylinder32 ceramic cylinders
33, 34 metallische Gehäuseteile33, 34 metallic housing parts
35 erste IsolierstoffSchicht35 first layer of insulating material
36 zweite IsolierstoffSchicht36 second insulating layer
37 dritte IsolierstoffSchicht37 third insulating layer
42 keramische Gehäuseteile42 ceramic housing parts
43, 44 metallische Gehäuseteile43, 44 metallic housing parts
45 IsolierstoffSchicht45 insulating layer
50 IsolierstoffSchicht50 insulating layer
51 Lot51 lot
52, 53 metallische Gehäuseteile52, 53 metallic housing parts
54 Keramikzylinder 54 ceramic cylinders

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vakuumschaltröhre (1) mit einem einem Gehäuse mit mindestens einem keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt (2, 22, 42, 54) und metallischen Gehäuseteilen (5, 6, 23, 24, 33, 34, 43, 44, 52, 53) angeordnet sind, wobei Übergangsbereiche (15, 16, 17, 25, 26) zwischen dem mindestens einen keramischen Gehäuseabschnitt (2, 22, 42, 54) und den metallischen Gehäuseteilen (5, 6, 23, 24, 33, 34, 43, 44, 52, 53) mittels einer Isolier- Stoffschicht (18, 19, 20, 27, 45, 50) abgedeckt sind, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Isolierstoffschicht (18, 19, 20, 27, 45, 50) ein Isoliermaterial und die Isolationseigenschaften des Isoliermaterials beeinflussende Zusätze aufweist.1 vacuum interrupter (1) having a housing with at least one ceramic housing portion (2, 22, 42, 54) and metallic housing parts (5, 6, 23, 24, 33, 34, 43, 44, 52, 53) are arranged wherein transition regions (15, 16, 17, 25, 26) between the at least one ceramic housing portion (2, 22, 42, 54) and the metallic housing parts (5, 6, 23, 24, 33, 34, 43, 44, 52, 53) are covered by means of an insulating material layer (18, 19, 20, 27, 45, 50), characterized in that the insulating material layer (18, 19, 20, 27, 45, 50) is an insulating material and the insulating properties of the insulating material having influencing additives.
2. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Zusätze Metalle und/oder leitende Metalloxide sind.2. Vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, characterized in that the additives are metals and / or conductive metal oxides.
3. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Isolierstoffschicht (18, 19, 20, 27, 45, 50) eine Leitfähigkeit im Bereich von 102 bis 1012 Ohm cm aufweist.3. vacuum interrupter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating material layer (18, 19, 20, 27, 45, 50) has a conductivity in the range of 10 2 to 10 12 ohm cm.
4. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s die Zusätze Mikrovaristoren sind.4. Vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, characterized in that the additives are microvaristors.
5. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Füllgrad der Isolierstoff Schicht mit den Mikrovaristoren zwischen 10 % und 90 % liegt.5. A vacuum interrupter according to claim 4, wherein the degree of filling of the insulating layer with the microvaristors is between 10% and 90%.
6. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s der Korngröße der Mikrovaristoren zwischen 0,2 μm und 10 μm liegt . 6. vacuum interrupter according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the grain size of the microvaristors is between 0.2 microns and 10 microns.
PCT/EP2009/058243 2008-07-02 2009-07-01 Vacuum switching tube WO2010000769A1 (en)

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WO2015140674A1 (en) 2014-03-17 2015-09-24 Sécheron Sa Circuit interrupting device
WO2018028946A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Insulator arrangement for a high or medium voltage switchgear assembly

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DE102010043984B4 (en) * 2010-11-16 2022-01-20 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vacuum interrupter with a tube body
DE102021201781A1 (en) * 2021-02-25 2022-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electrical switching device for medium and/or high voltage applications

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CN104160465A (en) * 2012-02-03 2014-11-19 Abb技术股份公司 Vacuum interrupter with transition areas between metal housing parts and ceramic housing parts covered by insulating material
WO2015140674A1 (en) 2014-03-17 2015-09-24 Sécheron Sa Circuit interrupting device
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US10074496B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2018-09-11 Secheron Sa Circuit interrupting device
KR102517402B1 (en) * 2014-03-17 2023-04-03 세쉐롱 에스.아. Circuit interrupting device
WO2018028946A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Insulator arrangement for a high or medium voltage switchgear assembly
CN109716474A (en) * 2016-08-09 2019-05-03 西门子股份公司 For high pressure or the insulator arrangement of medium voltage switchgear equipment
US10685797B2 (en) 2016-08-09 2020-06-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Insulator arrangement for a high-voltage or medium-voltage switchgear assembly

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