WO2009083750A1 - Hybrid vehicle with an equipment electrical power take off - Google Patents
Hybrid vehicle with an equipment electrical power take off Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009083750A1 WO2009083750A1 PCT/IB2007/004471 IB2007004471W WO2009083750A1 WO 2009083750 A1 WO2009083750 A1 WO 2009083750A1 IB 2007004471 W IB2007004471 W IB 2007004471W WO 2009083750 A1 WO2009083750 A1 WO 2009083750A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- equipment
- body builder
- hybrid vehicle
- converter
- battery
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
- B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
- B60W2510/244—Charge state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2710/086—Power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/84—Data processing systems or methods, management, administration
Definitions
- the invention is directed to hybrid vehicles comprising an internal combustion engine as well as an electric drive motor, the ele.ctric drive motor and the combustion engine being used alternatively or in conjunction for driving the vehicle. While running, the internal combustion engine drives an electric generator providing electricity which can be used for charging a driving battery set. This kind of vehicle is used for many applications such as personal cars or commercial vehicles or trucks.
- Body builder equipment can include various types and forms of cargo areas which can include various tools and equipments. Some of these tools and equipments need energy to operate. Such equipment include powered tailgates, tippable platforms, cranes and hoists, concrete mixers, garbage compactors, etc...
- the invention concerns a hybrid vehicle comprising: - a drive system comprising at least :
- an electric motor system which is connected to a driving circuit;
- an equipment electrical power take off system comprising :
- an equipment electric motor driving a body builder mechanical output, the equipment electric motor and the body builder mechanical output being both mechanically decoupled from the drive system;
- an equipment converter interconnecting the equipment circuit and the equipment electric motor and providing electrical power to the equipment electric motor;
- a body builder interface and controller which is adapted to control at least the equipment converter and to at least receive control instructions from a body builder equipment system.
- the high dynamic regulation allowed by the dedicated electronic power converter with the high speed capability of the equipment electric motor allows the bodybuilder to use a constant flow hydraulic pump and to adjust the flow by the way of the dedicated electronic power converter.
- the cost of a constant flow hydraulic pump is significantly lower than the cost of an adjustable flow hydraulic pump, this allows reducing the total cost of the bodybuilder equipment system.
- the control achieved by the body builder interface and controller may be done in several ways depending for example on the type of the bodybuilder equipment but also of several other different parameters.
- the body builder interface and controller and the drive system control unit might be adapted to give priority to providing energy to the driving system when the vehicle is moving.
- the body builder interface and controller may also be adapted to give priority to providing power to the equipment circuit when the body builder equipment system is working.
- the drive system comprises a drive system control unit which is adapted to;
- the body builder interface and controller is adapted to :
- the cost of energy can comprise at least two levels corresponding to energy being free or of very low cost and to energy very expensive.
- the energy free level will correspond for example to braking phases or slowing down phases of the vehicle with the driving battery set highly charged. In such conditions there is plenty of electricity to be used, which cannot be stored in the driving battery set.
- the energy very expensive level will correspond for example to phases during which the vehicle is electrically driven, or during which the electric drive system provides torque-assist to the engine system, or during which the state of charge of the driving battery is too low.
- the cost of energy information provided by the drive system control unit may comprises more levels of energy cost allowing to take into consideration more accurately the functioning phases of the drive system.
- the body builder interface and controller may be adapted to set the output level of the equipment converter according to a power required by a body builder equipment as provided to the body builder interface and controller or determined by the body builder interface and controller.
- the output level of the equipment converter will take at least two values corresponding respectively to: full power and low power.
- the body builder interface and controller can also be adapted to give priority to providing power to the equipment circuit when the body builder equipment system is working.
- the body builder interface and controller may also be adapted to set the output level of the equipment converter according to information of faulty component either in the drive system or in the body builder equipment.
- the equipment electric motor and the equipment converter are adapted to recover energy from a body builder system connected to the body builder mechanical output. According to another aspect of the invention:
- the equipment electrical power take off system further comprises:
- an equipment battery set comprising at least an equipment battery
- - equipment battery set sensing means adapted to provide at least a state of charge of the equipment battery set
- - equipment converter is adapted to charge the equipment battery set
- the body builder interface and controller is adapted to control the equipment converter according also to the state of charge of the equipment battery set.
- the body builder interface and controller controls the equipment converter according also to the state of charge of the equipment battery set.
- the equipment circuit comprises an electrical converter with an off-board plug for deriving electrical energy from an external network.
- the implementation of such electrical converter with an off-board plug is more particularly useful for hybrid vehicles having short periods of use compared to parking period during which the hybrid vehicles stay still in their garage such as, for example, for refuse vehicles or emergency vehicles.
- the various battery sets of the hybrid vehicle may be of various types provided they are perfectly adapted to their specific use. According to a preferred form of implementation of the invention:
- the equipment battery set is of a medium nominal voltage, preferably being in the range of 84 V to 810 V
- the driving battery set is of a high nominal voltage or of a medium nominal voltage, preferably being in the range of 120 V to 1000 V.
- each driving battery is a battery with a low internal resistance optimized for efficient low duration high current output
- - each equipment battery is a battery optimized for deep cyclic uses and for total energy capacity or a battery with a low or medium internal resistance optimized for efficient low or medium duration high current output.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hybrid vehicle according to the invention.
- - Figure 2 is another embodiment of a hybrid vehicle according to the invention which differs from the embodiment shown on figure 1 by the implementation of an equipment battery set.
- a hybrid vehicle designated as a whole by reference 1 , comprises a drive system D which includes an internal combustion engine unit 2 powering a mechanical driveline 3.
- the internal combustion engine unit 2 is associated with an engine electronic control unit 4 providing at least a state of the engine unit 2 to a drive system control unit 16.
- the drive system D comprises also an electric drive motor system 5 which is as well operatively connected to the driveline 3.
- the electric drive motor system is associated with a motor electronic control unit 6 connected to the drive system control unit 16.
- the mechanical driveline can be of different types such as a parallel or series type or a planetary gear type.
- the electric drive motor system 5 may comprise a single electric motor or a plurality of electric motors combined with a single electric generator or a plurality of electric generator in order to recover during slowing down phases of the hybrid vehicle.
- the electric motor and the electric generator may be mutually separate, they also can be combined as a single motor/generator which selectively functions as an electric motor or an electric generator.
- the hybrid vehicle 1 comprises a driving circuit 7 which provides electricity at least to the electric drive motor system 5 and which comprises a driving battery set 8 comprising at least one driving battery not shown.
- the driving battery set 8 may of course comprise a plurality of driving batteries either connected in series or in parallel depending on capacity or the nominal voltage of the driving battery set.
- the driving battery set is preferably of a medium or a high nominal voltage, for example being in the range of 120 V to 1000 V.
- each driving battery is preferably a battery with a low internal resistance optimized for efficient low duration high current output.
- the hybrid vehicle 1 comprises driving battery set sensing means 9 adapted to provide at least the state of charge of the driving battery set 8 to the drive system control unit 16.
- the hybrid vehicle 1 also comprises a service circuit 10 which provides electricity at least to the engine unit 2 but also to other electrical consumers 12 schematically depicted as a light bulb on the figures.
- the service circuit 10 comprises a service battery set 13 which comprises at least one service battery not individually shown on the figures.
- the service battery set 13 is of a low nominal voltage, for example being in the range of 12 V to 72 V.
- Each service battery is preferably a battery optimized for deep cyclic uses and for total energy capacity but can also be of a dual type being a compromise between an energy battery and a power battery.
- the service circuit 10 further comprises an electric generator operatively connected to the engine unit 2 and therefore driven by internal combustion engine unit 2.
- the service circuit 10 is also connected to the driving circuit 7 through a driving converter 15, the driving converter 15 mainly works as a step-down converter lowering voltage of the driving circuit 10 in order to provide electricity to the service circuit 7 and more particularly in order to charge the service battery set 8.
- the driving converter 15 can also be of a step- up/step-down type in order to reciprocally derive power from the service circuit 10 for providing electricity to the driving circuit 7.
- the vehicle further comprises an equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO adapted for providing mechanical energy to a bodybuilder equipment system 17.- Therefore, the bodybuilder electrical equipment ePTO comprises an equipment electric motor 18 adapted to drive a mechanical output 19 to which is connected the body builder equipment 17.
- the equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO comprises an equipment converter 23 which is connected to the driving circuit 7 through an equipment circuit 11.
- the an equipment converter 23 is adapted to step-down or step-up the voltage of the driving circuit 7 in order to provide electricity to the equipment motor 18 so as to control the power available at the output 19 for the body builder equipment 17.
- the equipment converter 23 and the equipment motor 18 may also be of a reverse type so as to reciprocally derive energy from the body builder equipment 17 for charging the driving battery set 8 or powering the electric motor unit 5.
- the equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO further comprises a body builder interface and controller 25 which comprises electronic communication and control means and may also comprise a physical interface for the body builder to connect for example an equipment system control unit.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 controls the equipment converter 23 so as to regulate the mechanical power available at the mechanical output 18.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 is connected to the converter 23 and preferably, but not necessarily, to the equipment motor 18 and to the bodybuilder equipment system 17.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 is also connected to the drive system control unit 16.
- connection between the body builder interface and controller 25 and these various elements can be direct wire connection as shown, or implement a Controller Area Network (CAN) well-known by the man skilled in the art.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- the body builder interface and controller 25 may control the equipment converter 23 according to the state of the drive system D.
- the equipment power converter 23 is further adapted to adjust the torque and/or the speed output of the equipment electric motor 17 according to the needs of the bodybuilder equipment system 17. Therefore, the equipment converter 23 is controlled by the body builder interface and controller 25 so as to give priority to providing energy to the driving battery set when the vehicle is moving, meaning shutting down the equipment converter 23 when there is no need of power for the equipment system, such situation corresponding to an information of low power available given by the drive system control unit 16. Such low power available information can correspond either to the vehicle moving or to a low state of charge of the driving batteries.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 will set the output of the equipment converter 23 at a medium power when the level of power available given by the drive system control unit 16 is at medium value.
- This medium level can correspond for example to a state of charge of the driving battery set 8 being at an intermediate level.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 will set the output of the equipment converter 23 at a full power when the level of power available is high and the needs of the bodybuilder equipment 17 is also high.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 can also be adapted to give priority to provide power to the equipment circuit when the bodybuilder equipment is working which means that, even with a low level of power available, the equipment converter 23 might work its full power according to the body builder equipment needs.
- the equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO further comprises an equipment battery set 21 in order to provide electricity to the equipment electric motor 18 in an autonomous manner.
- the equipment battery set 21 comprises at least one equipment battery and generally more than one equipment battery depending on the nominal voltage of the equipment battery set 21.
- the equipment battery set is of a medium nominal voltage being for example in the range of 84 V to 810 V.
- Each equipment battery is either a battery with a low or medium internal resistance optimized for efficient low or medium duration high current output or a battery optimized for deep cyclic uses and total energy capacity depending on the type of equipment implemented by the bodybuilder.
- the hybrid vehicle 1 comprises equipment battery set sensing means 22 adapted for providing a state of charge of the equipment battery set 21.
- the implementation of the battery equipment 21 and the equipment controller converter 23 in combination with the body builder interface and controller 25 connected to the drive system control unit 16 allows a fine tuning of the charging of both the equipment battery set 21 and the driving battery set 8 in order to make sure that all the energy recovered during regenerative braking can be absorbed by either the driving battery set 8 and the equipment battery set 21 without any risk of damaging any of the battery set while the state of charge is always monitored by their respective sensing means.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 will also take into consideration the state of charge of the equipment battery set 21. This control can be conducted in various ways. According to a preferred embodiment, the body builder interface and controller 25 and/or the drive system control unit 16 are adapted to:
- the body builder interface and controller 25 will set the equipment converter 23 at its full power if the equipment battery set 21 is at a low state of charge.
- the drive system control unit 17 will provide a medium energy cost level to the body builder interface and controller 25. If the state of charge of the equipment battery 21 is at an intermediate level or low level, the body builder interface and controller 25 will thus determine the power available for the equipment circuit as being intermediate and will set the output power of the equipment converter 23 at an intermediate level.
- the drive system control unit 17 will provide a high energy cost level. If the state of charge of the equipment battery set 21 is not too low, the body builder interface and controller 25 will therefore determine the level of the output power of the equipment converter 23 to be zero. The equipment converter 23 will be stopped so that all the electrical energy available will be used for charging the driving battery set 8 and the equipment 20 will run on the equipment battery set 21.
- the body builder interface and controller 25 may, in order to keep a continuity of service, set the output of the equipment converter 23 at the level adapted for the equipment system to run correctly.
- the converter 23 further comprises an off-board plug 40 and is adapted for deriving electrical energy from an external network.
- the engine electronic control unit 4 and the motor electronic control unit 6 are two independent units, but these can be embedded in a same electronic control unit or being parts of the drive system control unit 16 controlling the drive functions and units of the vehicle. While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it would be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the amended claims
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Hybrid vehicle comprising an equipment electrical power take off system (ePTO) comprising : - an equipment circuit (11 ) connected to the driving circuit (7); - an equipment electric motor (18) driving a body builder mechanical output (19), the equipment electric motor (18) and the body builder mechanical output (19) being both mechanically decoupled from the drive system (D); - an equipment converter (23) interconnecting the equipment circuit (11 ) and the equipment electric motor (18) and providing electrical power to the equipment electric motor; - a body builder interface and controller (25) which is adapted to control at least the equipment converter (23) and to at least receive control instructions from a body builder equipment system (17).
Description
HYBRID VEHICLE WITH AN EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL POWER TAKE OFF
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to hybrid vehicles comprising an internal combustion engine as well as an electric drive motor, the ele.ctric drive motor and the combustion engine being used alternatively or in conjunction for driving the vehicle. While running, the internal combustion engine drives an electric generator providing electricity which can be used for charging a driving battery set. This kind of vehicle is used for many applications such as personal cars or commercial vehicles or trucks.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
On commercial vehicles and trucks, it is often needed to provide power to bodybuilder equipments. Indeed, such vehicles are often provided by the vehicle manufacturers as only a chassis equipped with a driver's cabin and with the driveline and powertrain. Such chassis is to be equipped by so-called body builders with various bodies or more generally with various equipments specifically suited for a defined application. Body builder equipment can include various types and forms of cargo areas which can include various tools and equipments. Some of these tools and equipments need energy to operate. Such equipment include powered tailgates, tippable platforms, cranes and hoists, concrete mixers, garbage compactors, etc... The energy needed to power such equipment is quite high, so that in conventional vehicles, it cannot be provided by the conventional on-board electric circuit and is necessarily provided through a mechanical power take-off powered by the internal combustion engine. In conventional vehicles, this energy is generally provided in a mechanical form, using a mechanical power take-off set on the driveline or directly driven by the internal combustion engine, The main drawback of such mechanical power take-off is that power available depends directly of the load of the engine or the drive system. Furthermore when the mechanical power is provided in an hydraulic form, it is necessary to use an adjustable flow hydraulic pump which cost is quite high. Therefore, the need appears for a new kind of hybrid vehicle able to provide power to a body builder equipment in a very efficient way in order
to keep all the advantages of a hybrid vehicle in terms of fuel consumption as well as of atmospheric and noise pollution, and to overcome the drawbacks of prior art solutions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to achieve this, the invention concerns a hybrid vehicle comprising: - a drive system comprising at least :
- an internal combustion engine unit;
- an electric motor system which is connected to a driving circuit; - an equipment electrical power take off system comprising :
- an equipment circuit connected to the driving circuit;
- an equipment electric motor driving a body builder mechanical output, the equipment electric motor and the body builder mechanical output being both mechanically decoupled from the drive system; - an equipment converter interconnecting the equipment circuit and the equipment electric motor and providing electrical power to the equipment electric motor;
- a body builder interface and controller which is adapted to control at least the equipment converter and to at least receive control instructions from a body builder equipment system.
By the implementation of such an equipment converter and electric motor the mechanical energy or the power, available at the body builder equipment end, for a body builder equipment system is clearly independent from the engine or the drive system load as the converter is adapted to adjust the torque and/or the speed output of the equipment electric motor.
Furthermore, when the equipment electric motor is used to drive a hydraulic pump, the high dynamic regulation allowed by the dedicated electronic power converter with the high speed capability of the equipment electric motor allows the bodybuilder to use a constant flow hydraulic pump and to adjust the flow by the way of the dedicated electronic power converter. As the cost of a constant flow hydraulic pump is significantly lower than the cost of an adjustable flow hydraulic pump, this allows reducing the total cost of the bodybuilder equipment system.
According to the invention, the control achieved by the body builder interface and controller may be done in several ways depending for example on the type of the bodybuilder equipment but also of several other different parameters. For example, the body builder interface and controller and the drive system control unit might be adapted to give priority to providing energy to the driving system when the vehicle is moving.
The body builder interface and controller may also be adapted to give priority to providing power to the equipment circuit when the body builder equipment system is working. According to an aspect of the invention, the drive system comprises a drive system control unit which is adapted to;
- determine a level of power available from the engine unit and/or the motor system;
- and/or determine a level of energy cost; and the body builder interface and controller is adapted to :
- determine a level of output power for the equipment converter, according to the level of cost of energy and/or to the level of power available; and
- set the output power of the equipment converter at the determined level of output power. According to the invention, the above determination can be conducted in several ways. For example, the cost of energy can comprise at least two levels corresponding to energy being free or of very low cost and to energy very expensive. The energy free level will correspond for example to braking phases or slowing down phases of the vehicle with the driving battery set highly charged. In such conditions there is plenty of electricity to be used, which cannot be stored in the driving battery set. The energy very expensive level will correspond for example to phases during which the vehicle is electrically driven, or during which the electric drive system provides torque-assist to the engine system, or during which the state of charge of the driving battery is too low. Of course, the cost of energy information provided by the drive system control unit may comprises more levels of energy cost allowing to take into consideration more accurately the functioning phases of the drive system.
Furthermore the body builder interface and controller may be adapted to set the output level of the equipment converter according to a power required by a body builder equipment as provided to the body builder interface and controller or determined by the body builder interface and controller. Preferably, the output level of the equipment converter will take at least two values corresponding respectively to: full power and low power. The body builder interface and controller can also be adapted to give priority to providing power to the equipment circuit when the body builder equipment system is working. The body builder interface and controller may also be adapted to set the output level of the equipment converter according to information of faulty component either in the drive system or in the body builder equipment.
According to an aspect of the invention, the equipment electric motor and the equipment converter are adapted to recover energy from a body builder system connected to the body builder mechanical output. According to another aspect of the invention:
- the equipment electrical power take off system further comprises:
- an equipment battery set comprising at least an equipment battery;
- equipment battery set sensing means adapted to provide at least a state of charge of the equipment battery set; - equipment converter is adapted to charge the equipment battery set;
- and the body builder interface and controller is adapted to control the equipment converter according also to the state of charge of the equipment battery set.
The implementation of an equipment circuit with an equipment battery dedicated to the power supply to the bodybuilder equipment, such power supply being controlled by the body builder interface and controller allows to fine tune the use of the energy available in order to reduce the fuel consumption.
According to an aspect of the invention, the body builder interface and controller controls the equipment converter according also to the state of charge of the equipment battery set.
By taking into consideration the state of charge of the equipment battery set, it is possible to adjust the state of charge of both the driving battery set and the equipment battery set so that, for example, any of those is always available
for accumulating the electric power recovered during slowing down phases of the movement of the hybrid vehicle.
According to another aspect of the invention, the equipment circuit comprises an electrical converter with an off-board plug for deriving electrical energy from an external network.
The implementation of such electrical converter with an off-board plug is more particularly useful for hybrid vehicles having short periods of use compared to parking period during which the hybrid vehicles stay still in their garage such as, for example, for refuse vehicles or emergency vehicles. According to the invention, the various battery sets of the hybrid vehicle may be of various types provided they are perfectly adapted to their specific use. According to a preferred form of implementation of the invention:
- the equipment battery set is of a medium nominal voltage, preferably being in the range of 84 V to 810 V - the driving battery set is of a high nominal voltage or of a medium nominal voltage, preferably being in the range of 120 V to 1000 V. According to an aspect of the invention:
- each driving battery is a battery with a low internal resistance optimized for efficient low duration high current output; and - each equipment battery is a battery optimized for deep cyclic uses and for total energy capacity or a battery with a low or medium internal resistance optimized for efficient low or medium duration high current output. The various above aspects, embodiments or objects of the invention may be combined in various ways with each others, provided the combined aspects, embodiments or objects are not incompatible or mutually exclusive.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description made in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrating schematically some non-limitative embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS - Figure 1 is a schematic view of a hybrid vehicle according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is another embodiment of a hybrid vehicle according to the invention which differs from the embodiment shown on figure 1 by the implementation of an equipment battery set.
Corresponding reference numbers indicate corresponding components in the various embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS As illustrated on figure 1 , a hybrid vehicle, designated as a whole by reference 1 , comprises a drive system D which includes an internal combustion engine unit 2 powering a mechanical driveline 3. The internal combustion engine unit 2 is associated with an engine electronic control unit 4 providing at least a state of the engine unit 2 to a drive system control unit 16. The drive system D comprises also an electric drive motor system 5 which is as well operatively connected to the driveline 3. The electric drive motor system is associated with a motor electronic control unit 6 connected to the drive system control unit 16. The mechanical driveline can be of different types such as a parallel or series type or a planetary gear type. In the same manner the electric drive motor system 5 may comprise a single electric motor or a plurality of electric motors combined with a single electric generator or a plurality of electric generator in order to recover during slowing down phases of the hybrid vehicle. As the electric motor and the electric generator may be mutually separate, they also can be combined as a single motor/generator which selectively functions as an electric motor or an electric generator.
The hybrid vehicle 1 comprises a driving circuit 7 which provides electricity at least to the electric drive motor system 5 and which comprises a driving battery set 8 comprising at least one driving battery not shown. The driving battery set 8 may of course comprise a plurality of driving batteries either connected in series or in parallel depending on capacity or the nominal voltage of the driving battery set. The driving battery set is preferably of a medium or a high nominal voltage, for example being in the range of 120 V to 1000 V. Furthermore, each driving battery is preferably a battery with a low internal resistance optimized for efficient low duration high current output. In order to monitor the functioning of the driving battery set 8, the hybrid vehicle 1
comprises driving battery set sensing means 9 adapted to provide at least the state of charge of the driving battery set 8 to the drive system control unit 16. The hybrid vehicle 1 also comprises a service circuit 10 which provides electricity at least to the engine unit 2 but also to other electrical consumers 12 schematically depicted as a light bulb on the figures. The service circuit 10 comprises a service battery set 13 which comprises at least one service battery not individually shown on the figures. The service battery set 13 is of a low nominal voltage, for example being in the range of 12 V to 72 V. Each service battery is preferably a battery optimized for deep cyclic uses and for total energy capacity but can also be of a dual type being a compromise between an energy battery and a power battery. The service circuit 10 further comprises an electric generator operatively connected to the engine unit 2 and therefore driven by internal combustion engine unit 2. The service circuit 10 is also connected to the driving circuit 7 through a driving converter 15, the driving converter 15 mainly works as a step-down converter lowering voltage of the driving circuit 10 in order to provide electricity to the service circuit 7 and more particularly in order to charge the service battery set 8. The driving converter 15 can also be of a step- up/step-down type in order to reciprocally derive power from the service circuit 10 for providing electricity to the driving circuit 7. The vehicle further comprises an equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO adapted for providing mechanical energy to a bodybuilder equipment system 17.- Therefore, the bodybuilder electrical equipment ePTO comprises an equipment electric motor 18 adapted to drive a mechanical output 19 to which is connected the body builder equipment 17. The equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO comprises an equipment converter 23 which is connected to the driving circuit 7 through an equipment circuit 11. The an equipment converter 23 is adapted to step-down or step-up the voltage of the driving circuit 7 in order to provide electricity to the equipment motor 18 so as to control the power available at the output 19 for the body builder equipment 17. The equipment converter 23 and the equipment motor 18 may also be of a reverse type so as to reciprocally derive energy from the body builder equipment 17 for charging the driving battery set 8 or powering the electric motor unit 5. In order to control the equipment motor 18 and optimize the repartition of the
energy during slowing phases of the hybrid vehicle as well as the repartition of the electric power provided by the electric generator 14 when the internal combustion engine 2 is running, the equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO further comprises a body builder interface and controller 25 which comprises electronic communication and control means and may also comprise a physical interface for the body builder to connect for example an equipment system control unit. The body builder interface and controller 25 controls the equipment converter 23 so as to regulate the mechanical power available at the mechanical output 18. In order to achieve this, the body builder interface and controller 25 is connected to the converter 23 and preferably, but not necessarily, to the equipment motor 18 and to the bodybuilder equipment system 17. The body builder interface and controller 25 is also connected to the drive system control unit 16. The connection between the body builder interface and controller 25 and these various elements can be direct wire connection as shown, or implement a Controller Area Network (CAN) well-known by the man skilled in the art. In order to optimize the repartition of the electric power available, the body builder interface and controller 25 may control the equipment converter 23 according to the state of the drive system D.
The equipment power converter 23 is further adapted to adjust the torque and/or the speed output of the equipment electric motor 17 according to the needs of the bodybuilder equipment system 17. Therefore, the equipment converter 23 is controlled by the body builder interface and controller 25 so as to give priority to providing energy to the driving battery set when the vehicle is moving, meaning shutting down the equipment converter 23 when there is no need of power for the equipment system, such situation corresponding to an information of low power available given by the drive system control unit 16. Such low power available information can correspond either to the vehicle moving or to a low state of charge of the driving batteries. The body builder interface and controller 25 will set the output of the equipment converter 23 at a medium power when the level of power available given by the drive system control unit 16 is at medium value. This medium level can correspond for example to a state of charge of the driving battery set 8 being at an intermediate level. The body builder interface and controller 25 will set the output of the
equipment converter 23 at a full power when the level of power available is high and the needs of the bodybuilder equipment 17 is also high. On the other hand, the body builder interface and controller 25 can also be adapted to give priority to provide power to the equipment circuit when the bodybuilder equipment is working which means that, even with a low level of power available, the equipment converter 23 might work its full power according to the body builder equipment needs.
Of course, many other types of suitable settings or priorities may be implemented by the body builder interface and controller 25. According to another embodiment of the invention more particularly shown fig. 2, the equipment electrical power take-off system ePTO further comprises an equipment battery set 21 in order to provide electricity to the equipment electric motor 18 in an autonomous manner. The equipment battery set 21 comprises at least one equipment battery and generally more than one equipment battery depending on the nominal voltage of the equipment battery set 21. Preferably, the equipment battery set is of a medium nominal voltage being for example in the range of 84 V to 810 V. Each equipment battery is either a battery with a low or medium internal resistance optimized for efficient low or medium duration high current output or a battery optimized for deep cyclic uses and total energy capacity depending on the type of equipment implemented by the bodybuilder. All the batteries of the equipment battery set are naturally of the same type. The hybrid vehicle 1 comprises equipment battery set sensing means 22 adapted for providing a state of charge of the equipment battery set 21. The implementation of the battery equipment 21 and the equipment controller converter 23 in combination with the body builder interface and controller 25 connected to the drive system control unit 16 allows a fine tuning of the charging of both the equipment battery set 21 and the driving battery set 8 in order to make sure that all the energy recovered during regenerative braking can be absorbed by either the driving battery set 8 and the equipment battery set 21 without any risk of damaging any of the battery set while the state of charge is always monitored by their respective sensing means.
More preferably, the body builder interface and controller 25 will also take into consideration the state of charge of the equipment battery set 21. This
control can be conducted in various ways. According to a preferred embodiment, the body builder interface and controller 25 and/or the drive system control unit 16 are adapted to:
- determine a level of power available from the drive system D; - determine a level of energy cost;
- determine a level of output power for the equipment converter 23, according to the level of cost of energy and the level of power available; and
- set the output power of the equipment converter at the determined level of output power.
For example, when the hybrid vehicle is in a slowing down movement and the driving battery set 8 is completely or sufficiently charged, the energy available is determined as totally free. Therefore, the body builder interface and controller 25 will set the equipment converter 23 at its full power if the equipment battery set 21 is at a low state of charge. When the state of charge of the driving battery set 8 is on an intermediate level and the vehicle is slowing down, the drive system control unit 17 will provide a medium energy cost level to the body builder interface and controller 25. If the state of charge of the equipment battery 21 is at an intermediate level or low level, the body builder interface and controller 25 will thus determine the power available for the equipment circuit as being intermediate and will set the output power of the equipment converter 23 at an intermediate level. Therefore, only a part of the electrical energy available will be derived to the equipment circuit 11 , the other part being used for charging the driving battery set 8. In the same manner, if the state of charge of the driving battery set 8 is at a very low level, the drive system control unit 17 will provide a high energy cost level. If the state of charge of the equipment battery set 21 is not too low, the body builder interface and controller 25 will therefore determine the level of the output power of the equipment converter 23 to be zero. The equipment converter 23 will be stopped so that all the electrical energy available will be used for charging the driving battery set 8 and the equipment 20 will run on the equipment battery set 21. Nevertheless if the energy cost level is high but the state of charge of the equipment battery set 21 is low while there is a need of power at the equipment system end, the body builder interface and controller 25
may, in order to keep a continuity of service, set the output of the equipment converter 23 at the level adapted for the equipment system to run correctly.
On the embodiment shown fig.2, the converter 23 further comprises an off-board plug 40 and is adapted for deriving electrical energy from an external network.
In the shown embodiments the engine electronic control unit 4 and the motor electronic control unit 6 are two independent units, but these can be embedded in a same electronic control unit or being parts of the drive system control unit 16 controlling the drive functions and units of the vehicle. While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it would be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the amended claims
Claims
1. Hybrid vehicle comprising :
- a drive system (D) comprising at least : - an internal combustion engine unit (2);
- an electric motor system (5) which is connected to a driving circuit (7);
- an equipment electrical power take off system (ePTO) comprising :
- an equipment circuit (11 ) connected to the driving circuit (7);
- an equipment electric motor (18) driving a body builder mechanical output (19), the equipment electric motor (18) and the body builder mechanical output (19) being both mechanically decoupled from the drive system (D);
- an equipment converter (23) interconnecting the equipment circuit (11) and the equipment electric motor (18) and providing electrical power to the equipment electric motor; - a body builder interface and controller (25) which is adapted to control at least the equipment converter (23) and to at least receive control instructions from a body builder equipment system (17).
2. Hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein :
- the drive system (D) comprises a drive system electronic control unit (16) which is adapted to:
- determine a level of power available from the engine unit (2) and/or the electric motor system (5);
-and/or determine a level of energy cost;
- and the body builder interface and controller (25) is adapted to : - determine a level of output power for the equipment converter (23), according to the level of cost of energy and/or to the level of power available; and
- set the output power of the equipment converter (23) at the determined level of output power.
3. Hybrid vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the energy cost level can have at least two values corresponding respectively to: a high cost of energy and a low cost of energy, and the output power level can have at least two values corresponding respectively to: full power and low power.
4. Hybrid vehicle according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the drive system control unit (17) is adapted to provide a high cost of energy information to the body builder interface and controller (25) when the vehicle is moving.
5. Hybrid vehicle according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the body builder interface and controller (25) is adapted to give priority to providing power to the equipment motor (18) when the body builder equipment system (17) is working.
6. Hybrid vehicle according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the equipment electric motor (18) and the equipment converter (23) are adapted to recover energy from a body builder system (17) connected to the body builder mechanical output (19).
7. Hybrid vehicle according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
- the equipment electrical power take off system (ePTO) further comprises:
- an equipment battery set (21) comprising at least an equipment battery;
- equipment battery set sensing means (22) adapted to provide at least a state of charge of the equipment battery set;
- equipment converter (23) is adapted to charge the equipment battery set (21);
- the body builder interface and controller (25) is adapted to control the equipment converter (23) according also to the state of charge of the equipment battery set (21).
8. Hybrid vehicle according to claim 7, wherein:
- the drive system comprises a driving battery set (8) comprising at least a driving battery;
- the equipment battery set (21) is of a different nominal voltage than the driving battery set (8).
9. Hybrid vehicle according to claim 8, wherein :
- the equipment battery set (21) is of a medium nominal voltage, preferably being in the range of 84 V to 810 V
- the driving battery set (8) is of a high nominal voltage or of a medium nominal voltage, preferably being in the range of 120 V to 1000 V.
10. Hybrid vehicle according to claim 8 or 9, wherein :
- each driving battery is a battery with a low internal resistance optimized for efficient low duration high current output; and - each equipment battery is a battery optimized for deep cyclic uses and for total energy capacity or a battery with a low or medium internal resistance optimized for efficient low or medium duration high current output.
11. Hybrid vehicle according to any of claims 7 to 10, wherein the equipment circuit (11 ) comprises an electrical converter (23) with an off-board plug (40) for deriving electrical energy from an external network.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2007/004471 WO2009083750A1 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2007-12-31 | Hybrid vehicle with an equipment electrical power take off |
EP08869612A EP2231435B1 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-29 | Hybrid refuse collection vehicle with an equipment electrical power take off |
EP08869585A EP2237984A2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-29 | Hybrid vehicle for transportation of a refrigerated commercial load |
PCT/IB2008/055693 WO2009087551A2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-29 | Hybrid refuse collection vehicle with an equipment electrical power take off |
PCT/IB2008/055694 WO2009087552A2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-29 | Hybrid vehicle for transportation of a refrigerated commercial load |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2007/004471 WO2009083750A1 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2007-12-31 | Hybrid vehicle with an equipment electrical power take off |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009083750A1 true WO2009083750A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
Family
ID=39643954
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2007/004471 WO2009083750A1 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2007-12-31 | Hybrid vehicle with an equipment electrical power take off |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO2009083750A1 (en) |
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