WO2009056636A1 - Regulation of an exhaust-gas turbocharger - Google Patents

Regulation of an exhaust-gas turbocharger Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009056636A1
WO2009056636A1 PCT/EP2008/064829 EP2008064829W WO2009056636A1 WO 2009056636 A1 WO2009056636 A1 WO 2009056636A1 EP 2008064829 W EP2008064829 W EP 2008064829W WO 2009056636 A1 WO2009056636 A1 WO 2009056636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
adjusting
gas turbocharger
turbocharger
turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/064829
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Brand
Markus Kahi
Peter Neuenschwander
Original Assignee
Abb Turbo Systems Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Turbo Systems Ag filed Critical Abb Turbo Systems Ag
Publication of WO2009056636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009056636A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/24—Control of the pumps by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B2037/122—Control of rotational speed of the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/304—Spool rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/70—Type of control algorithm
    • F05B2270/708—Type of control algorithm with comparison tables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of exhaust gas turbochargers. It relates to the regulation of the position of the operating line in the compressor map of such exhaust gas turbocharger.
  • variable turbine geometry In the case of diesel engines, turbocharging with a turbocharger with variable turbine geometry (VTG) is known. Core elements of the VTG are angle-adjustable turbine guide vanes, which guide the exhaust gas flow of the engine variably and specifically to the turbine wheel of the turbocharger.
  • the principle of variable turbine geometry thus combines the advantages of small and large exhaust gas turbochargers. This combination enables both a very good response with high torque values even at low speeds and high power values at high speeds. The high torque is also available over a much larger speed range.
  • the charging of gasoline engines by means of an exhaust gas turbocharger and a valve via which the exhaust gas exhaust is removed from the turbine and either after the turbine is fed back to the exhaust gas flow or directly into the environment is discharged (exhaust waste gate).
  • the procedure is usually similar to that of the diesel engines with VTG: A map for the desired exhaust gas wastegate valve position in dependence on the injected fuel mass and the engine speed is applied, due to which a controller then ensures that the desired exhaust gas Waste gate valve position is reached.
  • the operating line in the compressor map is set so that good charging efficiencies result and that there is a sufficiently large safety margin to the surge line.
  • the operating line may differ from its design position for a variety of reasons. However, by adjusting a VTG or waste gas gate, the operating line can be returned to its design position.
  • FIG. 2 of this document also shows a compressor map and is explained in the sections [0020] to [0022].
  • the object of the present invention is to design a suitable control of an adjusting element for changing the operating line of the map of the compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger, that is about the adjustable turbine vanes or the waste gas gate valve, so that in all operating conditions a predetermined design position the operating line in the map of the compressor can be kept as good as possible.
  • the invention relates in one embodiment, the regulation of the position of the adjustable turbine guide vanes (VTG), which adjusts a desired position of the operating line, especially under changed operating conditions.
  • VTG adjustable turbine guide vanes
  • the position of the variable turbine vanes is a non-linear function of the turbocharger condition (or turbocharger speed); It is therefore a non-linear regulation.
  • the speed of the turbocharger is measured and the desired VTG position is determined via the characteristic curve.
  • a regulator ensures that the VTG is brought into the desired position.
  • the regulation according to the invention takes place independently of the engine (system to be charged).
  • the charging system and the control system is designed as a self-contained system and is therefore suitable for the equipment of engines (systems to be charged), for which originally no control of the position of the operating line was provided in the compressor map. (Retrofitting).
  • the inventive control is suitable for a very wide range of systems to be charged, so in addition to engines such as for combustion chambers, blast furnaces or fuel cells.
  • the inventive control system is described with reference to a schematically shown in Fig. 2, to be charged system comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas turbocharger.
  • the exhaust gas turbocharger comprises angle-adjustable turbine guide vanes as setting element for adjusting the characteristic variables, which have an influence on the position of the operating points in the compressor map of the exhaust gas turbocharger.
  • the control system itself includes a speed sensor, a stored in a memory, two-dimensional characteristic which indicates the desired angular position of the turbine vanes as a function of the turbocharger speed and a controller, which starts the turbine vanes from the current position to the desired position.
  • the signal flow diagram in Fig. 1 shows the interaction of the components.
  • the above characteristic is determined for the desired position of the operating line under design operating conditions.
  • the characteristic is stored as a two-dimensional data set in a memory and assigns to the operation of each turbocharger speed n, an angular position S, the turbine vanes, which leads to the desired position of the operating line.
  • angle-adjustable turbine guide vanes can be used as an adjustment for adjusting the parameters, which has an influence on the
  • Waste gate 27 an exhaust waste gate 24, a power turbine with adjustable
  • Substitute cross-sectional area a compressor bypass 25 or a motor bypass 26 are used.
  • the respective control supply line from the control unit 31 to these adjustment elements are not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity. According to the invention, however, the valves of the respective adjustment elements are connected by means of control line to the control unit 31.
  • Under air waste gate 27 is understood to mean a line with a valve through which already compressed air from the receiver in front of the engine is discharged directly into the environment.
  • Under exhaust waste gate 24 is understood to mean a line with a valve, via which the exhaust pipe exhaust gas removed from the turbine and either fed back to the turbine back to the exhaust stream or discharged directly into the environment.
  • Under compressor bypass 25 is understood to mean a line that already directs compressed, warm air from the receiver in front of the engine in the intake pipe before the compressor leads. Normally, the compressor bypass has a controllable valve with which the amount of recirculated air can be regulated by the compressor bypass.
  • Under engine bypass 26 is understood to mean a line that directs air from the receiver in front of the engine in the exhaust pipe in front of the turbine.
  • Engine Bypass a controllable valve that regulates the amount of air through the engine bypass.
  • Input also the pressure at the compressor inlet or another, also external, such as the maximum cylinder pressure, NOx emissions, etc. are used.
  • the characteristic stored in the memory of the control system can also contain a further dimension.
  • a correction algorithm may be provided for the characteristic that takes into account changed environmental conditions, such as changed compressor inlet temperature, changed ambient pressure or changed air humidity, etc.
  • the characteristic curve and the consequent respective setpoint value for the control would depend on several measured quantities.
  • another input for the controller can be provided, via which an offset for the VTG position can be specified.
  • the control is suitable for 1-stage and 2-stage charging.
  • the turbine of the high-pressure stage has a VTG, or exhaust gas mass flow is branched off with a wastegate valve upstream of the high-pressure turbine, or exhaust gas mass flow is branched off before the high-pressure turbine to drive a variable-displacement turbine or the high-pressure compressor has a bypass or there is an engine bypass.
  • the regulation then refers to the position of the VTG, the position of the waste gate valve, the cross section of the compressor or engine bypass, or the adjustment of the equivalent cross-sectional area of the turbine.
  • the regulation works equally for 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines.
  • the control is also suitable for engines with so-called Miller valve timing.
  • the control can also be used in the charging of combustion chambers and blast furnaces with an exhaust gas turbocharger or for the charging of fuel cells with an exhaust gas turbocharger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates, in one embodiment, to the regulation of the positioning of the adjustable turbine guide blades (variable turbine geometry; VTG), which sets a desired position of the operating line, in particular also under changed operating conditions. Here, a characteristic curve is used which, at every rotational speed of the turbocharger, indicates the positioning of the adjustable turbine guide blades which results in the desired position of the operating line. The positioning of the adjustable turbine guide blades is a non-linear function of the turbocharger state (or the turbocharger rotational speed); it is therefore a non-linear regulation. In one configured system, the rotational speed of the turbocharger is measured and the desired VTG positioning is determined via the characteristic curve. A regulator ensures that the VTG is moved into the desired position.

Description

Regelung eines Abgasturboladers Regulation of an exhaust gas turbocharger
B E S C H R E I B U N GDESCRIPTION
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Abgasturbolader. Sie betrifft die Regelung der Lage der Betriebslinie im Verdichterkennfeld eines solchen Abgasturboladers.The invention relates to the field of exhaust gas turbochargers. It relates to the regulation of the position of the operating line in the compressor map of such exhaust gas turbocharger.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Bei Dieselmotoren ist die Aufladung mit einem Abgasturbolader mit variabler Turbinengeometrie (VTG) bekannt. Kernelemente der VTG sind winkelverstellbare Turbinenleitschaufeln, die den Abgasstrom des Motors variabel und gezielt auf das Turbinenrad des Abgasturboladers leiten. Damit verknüpft das Prinzip der variablen Turbinengeometrie die Vorteile von kleinen und großen Abgasturboladern. Diese Kombination ermöglicht sowohl ein sehr gutes Ansprechverhalten mit hohen Drehmomentwerten bereits bei niedrigen Drehzahlen als auch hohe Leistungswerte bei hohen Drehzahlen. Dabei steht das hohe Drehmoment auch über einen deutlich größeren Drehzahlbereich zur Verfügung.In the case of diesel engines, turbocharging with a turbocharger with variable turbine geometry (VTG) is known. Core elements of the VTG are angle-adjustable turbine guide vanes, which guide the exhaust gas flow of the engine variably and specifically to the turbine wheel of the turbocharger. The principle of variable turbine geometry thus combines the advantages of small and large exhaust gas turbochargers. This combination enables both a very good response with high torque values even at low speeds and high power values at high speeds. The high torque is also available over a much larger speed range.
Für den aufzuladenden Motor wird ein Kennfeld für die gewünschte Stellung derFor the engine to be charged, a map for the desired position of
Turbinenleitschaufeln in Abhängigkeit der eingespritzten Brennstoffmasse und derTurbine vanes depending on the injected fuel mass and the
Motordrehzahl angelegt. Darauf basierend sorgt dann ein Regler dafür, dass die gewünschte Stellung der Turbinenleitschaufeln erreicht wird. Bei Ottomotoren ist die Aufladung mit einem Abgasturbolader mit winkelverstellbaren Turbinenleitschaufeln zwar im Markt eingeführt, bleibt aufgrund der sehr hohen Abgastemperaturen momentan noch auf Spezialanwendungen mit kurzen Belastungsspitzen beschränkt. Zudem müssen die Turbinenleitschaufeln aus hochwertigen, teuren Materialien gefertigt sein. Ob eine solche variable Technik für Ottomotoren auch für Anwendungen mit deutlich längerem oder konstantem Volllastbetrieb eingesetzt werden kann, bleibt trotz der verwendeten Materialien fraglich. Weiter verbreitet hingegen ist die Aufladung der Ottomotoren mittels mit einem Abgasturbolader und einem Ventil, über das der Abgasleitung Abgas vor der Turbine entnommen wird und entweder nach der Turbine wieder dem Abgasstrom zugeführt wird oder direkt in die Umgebung abgegeben wird (Abgas Waste-Gate). Im Betrieb wird dabei üblicherweise ähnlich verfahren wie bei den Dieselmotoren mit VTG: Es wird ein Kennfeld für die gewünschte Abgas Waste-Gate Ventil- Stellung in Abhängigkeit der eingespritzten Brennstoffmasse und der Motordrehzahl angelegt, aufgrund dessen ein Regler dann dafür sorgt, dass die gewünschte Abgas Waste-Gate Ventil-Stellung erreicht wird. Bei der Auslegung des Aufladesystems für einen Verbrennungsmotor wird die Betriebslinie im Verdichterkennfeld so gelegt, dass gute Aufladewirkungsgrade resultieren und dass ein genügend grosser Sicherheitsabstand zur Pumpgrenze besteht. Im Betrieb kann die Betriebslinie aus verschiedenen Gründen von ihrer Auslegungs-Position abweichen. Durch Verstellen einer VTG oder eines Abgas Waste- Gates kann allerdings die Betriebslinie wieder an ihre Auslegungs-Position zurückgebracht werden.Engine speed applied. Based on this, a regulator then ensures that the desired position of the turbine guide vanes is achieved. In gasoline engines, charging with an exhaust gas turbocharger with angle-adjustable turbine guide vanes is indeed introduced on the market, but due to the very high exhaust gas temperatures, it is currently still limited to special applications with short load peaks. In addition, the turbine vanes must be made of high quality, expensive materials. Whether such a variable technology for gasoline engines can also be used for applications with significantly longer or constant full-load operation remains questionable despite the materials used. On the other hand, the charging of gasoline engines by means of an exhaust gas turbocharger and a valve via which the exhaust gas exhaust is removed from the turbine and either after the turbine is fed back to the exhaust gas flow or directly into the environment is discharged (exhaust waste gate). In operation, the procedure is usually similar to that of the diesel engines with VTG: A map for the desired exhaust gas wastegate valve position in dependence on the injected fuel mass and the engine speed is applied, due to which a controller then ensures that the desired exhaust gas Waste gate valve position is reached. When designing the charging system for an internal combustion engine, the operating line in the compressor map is set so that good charging efficiencies result and that there is a sufficiently large safety margin to the surge line. In operation, the operating line may differ from its design position for a variety of reasons. However, by adjusting a VTG or waste gas gate, the operating line can be returned to its design position.
In DE 10 2005 016 392 B3 ist ein Verfahren zur Regelung eines Abgasturboladers für eine mittels eines Verdichters aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschine offenbart Insbesondere ist in der Fig. 2 dieses Dokuments auch ein Verdichterkennfeld dargestellt und in den Abschnitten [0020] bis [0022] erläutert.DE 10 2005 016 392 B3 discloses a method for regulating an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine charged by means of a compressor. In particular, FIG. 2 of this document also shows a compressor map and is explained in the sections [0020] to [0022].
Kurze Darstellung der ErfindungBrief description of the invention
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine geeignete Regelung eines Einstellelements zur Veränderung der Betriebslinie des Kennfeldes des Verdichters eines Abgasturboladers, also etwa der verstellbaren Turbinenleitschaufeln oder des Abgas Waste-Gate Ventils, zu entwerfen, so dass bei allen Betriebsbedingungen eine vorgegebene Auslegungs-Position der Betriebslinie im Kennfeld des Verdichters so gut wie möglich gehalten werden kann.The object of the present invention is to design a suitable control of an adjusting element for changing the operating line of the map of the compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger, that is about the adjustable turbine vanes or the waste gas gate valve, so that in all operating conditions a predetermined design position the operating line in the map of the compressor can be kept as good as possible.
Die Erfindung betrifft in einer Ausführungsform die Regelung der Stellung der verstellbaren Turbinenleitschaufeln (VTG), welche eine gewünschte Lage der Betriebslinie einstellt, insbesondere auch unter geänderten Betriebsbedingungen. Dabei wird eine Kennlinie benutzt, die zu jeder Drehzahl des Turboladers die Stellung der verstellbaren Turbinenleitschaufeln nennt, welche die gewünschte Lage der Betriebslinie ergibt. Die Stellung der verstellbaren Turbinenleitschaufeln ist eine nichtlineare Funktion des Turboladerzustandes (bzw. der Turboladerdrehzahl); Es handelt sich daher um eine nicht-lineare Regelung. In einem ausgeführten System wird die Drehzahl des Turboladers gemessen und über die Kennlinie die gewünschte VTG- Stellung ermittelt. Ein Regler sorgt dafür, dass die VTG in die gewünschte Position gebracht wird.The invention relates in one embodiment, the regulation of the position of the adjustable turbine guide vanes (VTG), which adjusts a desired position of the operating line, especially under changed operating conditions. there a characteristic curve is used which at each rotational speed of the turbocharger calls the position of the adjustable turbine guide vanes, which gives the desired position of the operating line. The position of the variable turbine vanes is a non-linear function of the turbocharger condition (or turbocharger speed); It is therefore a non-linear regulation. In an executed system, the speed of the turbocharger is measured and the desired VTG position is determined via the characteristic curve. A regulator ensures that the VTG is brought into the desired position.
Die erfindungsgemässe Regelung erfolgt dabei unabhängig vom Motor (aufzuladendes System). Das Aufladesystem und die Regelung ist als in sich geschlossenes System ausgeführt und eignet sich deshalb zur Ausrüstung von Motoren (aufzuladenden Systemen), für welche ursprünglich keine Regelung der Lage der Betriebslinie im Verdichterkennfeld vorgesehen war. (Retrofit).The regulation according to the invention takes place independently of the engine (system to be charged). The charging system and the control system is designed as a self-contained system and is therefore suitable for the equipment of engines (systems to be charged), for which originally no control of the position of the operating line was provided in the compressor map. (Retrofitting).
Die erfindungsgemässe Regelung eignet sich für einen sehr breiten Bereich von aufzuladenden Systemen, also neben Motoren etwa für Brennkammern, Hochöfen oder Brennstoffzellen.The inventive control is suitable for a very wide range of systems to be charged, so in addition to engines such as for combustion chambers, blast furnaces or fuel cells.
Bei 2-Taktmotoren wird die Lage der Betriebslinie auch unter geänderten Drehmoment- Drehzahlkombinationen (z.B. doppelte Propellerkurve) konstant gehalten. Dies gilt sogar allgemeiner für alle Maschinen mit innerer Verbrennung, bei welchen der Durchströmungswiderstand unabhängig (oder nur schwach abhängig) vom Betriebspunkt ist.In 2-stroke engines, the position of the operating line is kept constant even under changed torque-speed combinations (e.g., double propeller curve). This is even more general for all internal combustion engines where the flow resistance is independent (or only weakly dependent) from the operating point.
Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay to carry out the invention
In einer ersten Ausführungsform wird das erfinderische Regelungssystem anhand eines in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellten, aufzuladenden Systems beschrieben, welches ein Verbrennungsmotor und ein Abgasturbolader umfasst. Der Abgasturbolader umfasst winkelverstellbaren Turbinenleitschaufeln als Einstellelement zur Verstellung der Kenngrössen, welche einen Einfluss auf die Lage der Betriebspunkte im Verdichterkennfeld des Abgasturboladers haben. Das Regelungssystem selbst umfasst ein Drehzahlsensor, eine in einem Speicher hinterlegte, zweidimensionale Kennlinie welche die gewünschte Winkelstellung der Turbinenleitschaufeln in Funktion der Turboladerdrehzahl nennt und einem Regler, der die Turbinenleitschaufeln ausgehend von der jeweils aktuellen Stellung in die gewünschte Stellung bringt. Das Signalflussbild in Fig. 1 zeigt das Zusammenwirken der Komponenten.In a first embodiment, the inventive control system is described with reference to a schematically shown in Fig. 2, to be charged system comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas turbocharger. The exhaust gas turbocharger comprises angle-adjustable turbine guide vanes as setting element for adjusting the characteristic variables, which have an influence on the position of the operating points in the compressor map of the exhaust gas turbocharger. The control system itself includes a speed sensor, a stored in a memory, two-dimensional characteristic which indicates the desired angular position of the turbine vanes as a function of the turbocharger speed and a controller, which starts the turbine vanes from the current position to the desired position. The signal flow diagram in Fig. 1 shows the interaction of the components.
Bei der Auslegung des Systems mittels Simulation oder Versuchen wird die oben genannte Kennlinie für die gewünschte Lage der Betriebslinie unter Auslegungsbetriebsbedingungen bestimmt. Die Kennlinie wird als zweidimensionaler Datensatz in einem Speicher hinterlegt und ordnet für den Betrieb jeder Turboladerdrehzahl n, eine Winkelstellung S, der Turbinenleitschaufeln zu, welche zu der gewünschten Lage der Betriebslinie führt.When designing the system by simulation or testing, the above characteristic is determined for the desired position of the operating line under design operating conditions. The characteristic is stored as a two-dimensional data set in a memory and assigns to the operation of each turbocharger speed n, an angular position S, the turbine vanes, which leads to the desired position of the operating line.
An Stelle der winkelverstellbaren Turbinenleitschaufeln, oder in Ergänzung dazu, kann als Einstellelement zur Verstellung der Kenngrössen, welche einen Einfluss auf dieInstead of the angle-adjustable turbine guide vanes, or in addition, can be used as an adjustment for adjusting the parameters, which has an influence on the
Lage der Betriebspunkte im Verdichterkennfeld des Abgasturboladers haben, ein LuftLocation of the operating points in the compressor map of the turbocharger have an air
Waste-Gate 27, ein Abgas Waste-Gate 24, eine Nutzturbine mit regelbarerWaste gate 27, an exhaust waste gate 24, a power turbine with adjustable
Ersatzquerschnittsfläche, ein Verdichterbypass 25 oder ein Motorbypass 26 eingesetzt werden. Die jeweiligen Steuerzuleitung von der Regelungseinheit 31 zu diesen Einstellelementen sind in der Fig. aus Rücksicht auf die Übersichtlichkeit nicht gezeichnet. Erfindungsgemäss sind jedoch die Ventile der jeweiligen Einstellelemente mittels Steuerleitung mit der Regelungseinheit 31 verbunden.Substitute cross-sectional area, a compressor bypass 25 or a motor bypass 26 are used. The respective control supply line from the control unit 31 to these adjustment elements are not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity. According to the invention, however, the valves of the respective adjustment elements are connected by means of control line to the control unit 31.
Unter Luft Waste-Gate 27 wird dabei eine Leitung mit einem Ventil verstanden, über welche bereits verdichtete Luft aus dem Receiver vor dem Motor direkt in die Umgebung abgegeben wird.Under air waste gate 27 is understood to mean a line with a valve through which already compressed air from the receiver in front of the engine is discharged directly into the environment.
Unter Abgas Waste-Gate 24 wird dabei eine Leitung mit einem Ventil verstanden, über welche der Abgasleitung Abgas vor der Turbine entnommen und entweder nach der Turbine wieder dem Abgasstrom zugeführt oder direkt in die Umgebung abgegeben wird. Unter Verdichterbypass 25 wird dabei eine Leitung verstanden, die bereits verdichtete, warme Luft aus dem Receiver vor dem Motor in die Ansaugleitung vor dem Verdichter zurückleitet leitet. Normalerweise hat der Verdichterbypass ein regelbares Ventil, mit dem man die zurückgeführte Luftmenge durch den Verdichterbypass regulieren kann.Under exhaust waste gate 24 is understood to mean a line with a valve, via which the exhaust pipe exhaust gas removed from the turbine and either fed back to the turbine back to the exhaust stream or discharged directly into the environment. Under compressor bypass 25 is understood to mean a line that already directs compressed, warm air from the receiver in front of the engine in the intake pipe before the compressor leads. Normally, the compressor bypass has a controllable valve with which the amount of recirculated air can be regulated by the compressor bypass.
Unter Motorbypass 26 wird dabei eine Leitung verstanden, die Luft vom Receiver vor dem Motor in die Abgasleitung vor der Turbine leitet. Normalerweise hat der Motorbypass ein regelbares Ventil, mit dem man die Luftmenge durch den Motorbypass regulieren kann.Under engine bypass 26 is understood to mean a line that directs air from the receiver in front of the engine in the exhaust pipe in front of the turbine. Usually the Engine Bypass a controllable valve that regulates the amount of air through the engine bypass.
Die Kennlinie kann an Stelle oder in Ergänzung der Turboladerdrehzahl alsThe characteristic can be used instead of or in addition to the turbocharger speed as
Eingangsgrösse auch den Druck am Verdichtereintritt oder eine andere, auch externe Grosse wie etwa der maximale Zylinderdruck, NOx-Emissionen, etc. verwendet werden.Input also the pressure at the compressor inlet or another, also external, such as the maximum cylinder pressure, NOx emissions, etc. are used.
Die im Speicher des Regelungssystems hinterlegte Kennlinie kann auch eine weitere Dimension enthalten. So kann beispielsweise für die Kennlinie ein Korrrekturalgorithmus vorgesehen sein, der veränderte Umgebungsbedingungen, wie veränderte Verdichtereintrittstemperatur, veränderter Umgebungsdruck oder veränderte Luftfeuchtigkeit, usw. berücksichtigt. In diesem Fall wäre die Kennlinie und der daraus folgende jeweilige Sollwert für die Regelung abhängig von mehreren gemessenen Grossen. Zudem kann ein weiterer Input für den Regler vorgesehen werden, über den ein Offset für die VTG-Stellung vorgegeben werden kann.The characteristic stored in the memory of the control system can also contain a further dimension. Thus, for example, a correction algorithm may be provided for the characteristic that takes into account changed environmental conditions, such as changed compressor inlet temperature, changed ambient pressure or changed air humidity, etc. In this case, the characteristic curve and the consequent respective setpoint value for the control would depend on several measured quantities. In addition, another input for the controller can be provided, via which an offset for the VTG position can be specified.
Die Regelung eignet sich sowohl für 1 -stufige und 2-stufige Aufladung. Bei der 2- stufigen Aufladung hat die Turbine der Hochdruckstufe eine VTG, oder vor der Hochdruckturbine wird mit einem Waste Gate Ventil Abgasmassenstrom abgezweigt, oder es wird vor der Hochdruckturbine Abgasmassenstrom für den Antrieb einer Nutzturbine mit veränderbarem Ersatzquerschnitt abgezweigt, oder der Hochdruckverdichter hat einen Bypass oder es existiert ein Motorbypass. Die Regelung bezieht sich dann auf die Stellung der VTG, die Stellung des Waste Gate Ventils, den Querschnitt des Verdichter- oder Motrobypasses oder auf die Einstellung der Ersatzquerschnittsfläche der Nutzturbine.The control is suitable for 1-stage and 2-stage charging. In the case of 2-stage turbocharging, the turbine of the high-pressure stage has a VTG, or exhaust gas mass flow is branched off with a wastegate valve upstream of the high-pressure turbine, or exhaust gas mass flow is branched off before the high-pressure turbine to drive a variable-displacement turbine or the high-pressure compressor has a bypass or there is an engine bypass. The regulation then refers to the position of the VTG, the position of the waste gate valve, the cross section of the compressor or engine bypass, or the adjustment of the equivalent cross-sectional area of the turbine.
Die Regelung funktioniert gleichermassen für 2-Takt und für 4-Taktmotoren. Die Regelung eignet sich auch für Motoren mit sogenannten Miller-Ventilsteuerzeiten. Die Regelung kann auch bei der Aufladung von Brennkammern und Hochöfen mit einem Abgasturbolader oder für die Aufladung von Brennstoffzellen mit einem Abgasturbolader verwendet werden. BθzugszθichenlisteThe regulation works equally for 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. The control is also suitable for engines with so-called Miller valve timing. The control can also be used in the charging of combustion chambers and blast furnaces with an exhaust gas turbocharger or for the charging of fuel cells with an exhaust gas turbocharger. Bθzugszθichenliste
10 Aufzuladendes System (Motor, Brennkammer, Hochofen, Brennstoffzelle)10 System to be charged (engine, combustion chamber, blast furnace, fuel cell)
21 Verdichter21 compressors
22 Abgasturbine22 exhaust gas turbine
23 Verstellbare Turbinengeometrie23 Adjustable turbine geometry
24 Abgas Waste-Gate24 exhaust waste gate
25 Verdichterbypass25 Compressor bypass
26 Motorbypass26 engine bypass
27 Luft Waste-Gate27 air waste gate
31 Regelungseinheit31 control unit
32 Datenspeicher32 data storage
Sceo Geometrische Ersatzfläche der Abgasturbine, der Abgasturbine und des Waste Gate Ventils oder der Abgasturbine und der Nutzturbine. nTc Turboladerdrehzahl Sceo Geometric replacement surface of the exhaust gas turbine, the exhaust gas turbine and the waste gate valve or the exhaust gas turbine and the utility turbine. n T c Turbocharger speed

Claims

P AT E N TA N S P R Ü C H E P AT EN TA NSPR O CHE
1. Regelungssystem zum Einstellen von Einstellelementen (23,..,27) zur Verstellung von Kenngrössen, welche einen Einfluss auf die Lage der Betriebspunkte im Verdichterkennfeld eines Abgasturboladers haben, umfassend ein Sensor zur Erfassung einer Regelgrösse(Soeo, act), ein Einstellelement (23, ..,27) zur Verstellung der Kenngrössen, welche einen Einfluss auf die Lage der Betriebspunkte im Verdichterkennfeld des Abgasturboladers haben, sowie eine Reglereinheit (31 ) zum Einstellen des Einstellelements in Abhängigkeit eines Sollwertes (Sβeo, des) und der Regelgrösse (SGΘO, act), wobei der Sollwert in Abhängigkeit mindestens einer Messgrösse (nie) aus einer gespeicherten Tabelle (32) bestimmt wird.1. A control system for adjusting adjusting elements (23, .., 27) for the adjustment of parameters which have an influence on the position of the operating points in the compressor map of an exhaust gas turbocharger, comprising a sensor for detecting a controlled variable (So e o, act), a Adjusting element (23, .., 27) for adjusting the parameters, which have an influence on the position of the operating points in the compressor map of the exhaust gas turbocharger, and a control unit (31) for adjusting the adjusting depending on a desired value (Sβeo, des) and the controlled variable (S GΘO, act), the setpoint being determined as a function of at least one measured variable (never) from a stored table (32).
2. Regelungssystem nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Einstellelement eines der folgenden Elemente oder eine Kombination von zwei oder mehreren der folgenden Elemente umfasst: eine variable Turbinengeometrie (23), ein Luft-Waste Gate (27), ein Abgas-Waste Gate (24), eine Nutzturbine mit variablem Ersatzquerschnitt, ein Verdichterbypass (25), oder ein Motorbypass (26) 3. Regelungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei für den aus der2. A control system according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting element comprises one of the following elements or a combination of two or more of the following elements: a variable turbine geometry (23), an air-waste gate (27), an exhaust waste gate (24) , a power turbine with variable equivalent cross section, a compressor bypass (25), or an engine bypass (26) 3. A control system according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein for from the
Tabelle ausgelesenen Sollwert ein Korrekturalgorithmus vorgesehen ist, welcher veränderte Umgebungsbedingungen berücksichtigt.Table read setpoint a correction algorithm is provided, which takes into account changes in ambient conditions.
4. Aufladesystem, umfassend ein aufzuladendes System sowie mindestens ein Abgasturbolader, wobei der Abgasturbolader ein Regelungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 umfasst.4. Charging system comprising a system to be charged and at least one exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein the exhaust gas turbocharger comprises a control system according to one of claims 1 to 3.
5. Aufladesystem nach Anspruch 4, wobei das aufzuladende System ein 2-Taktmotor oder ein 4-Taktmotor ist.5. A charging system according to claim 4, wherein the system to be charged is a 2-cycle motor or a 4-cycle motor.
6. Aufladesystem nach Anspruch 4, wobei das aufzuladende System ein Hochofen, oder eine Brennkammer, oder eine Brennstoffzelle ist. 6. A charging system according to claim 4, wherein the system to be charged is a blast furnace, or a combustion chamber, or a fuel cell.
7. Aufladesystem nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei mindestens zwei7. A charging system according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein at least two
Abgasturbolader zu einer 2-stufigen Aufladung angeordnet sind, und mindestens einer der beiden Abgasturbolader das Regelungssystem umfasst. Exhaust gas turbocharger are arranged to a 2-stage charging, and at least one of the two exhaust gas turbochargers includes the control system.
PCT/EP2008/064829 2007-10-31 2008-10-31 Regulation of an exhaust-gas turbocharger WO2009056636A1 (en)

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