WO2007047974A2 - Rotating optical catheter tip for optical coherence tomography - Google Patents
Rotating optical catheter tip for optical coherence tomography Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007047974A2 WO2007047974A2 PCT/US2006/041125 US2006041125W WO2007047974A2 WO 2007047974 A2 WO2007047974 A2 WO 2007047974A2 US 2006041125 W US2006041125 W US 2006041125W WO 2007047974 A2 WO2007047974 A2 WO 2007047974A2
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- conduit
- rotating
- fluid
- tip assembly
- turbine
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
- A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
- A61B1/00174—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles
- A61B1/00183—Optical arrangements characterised by the viewing angles for variable viewing angles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
- A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
- A61B5/6852—Catheters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/12—Arrangements for detecting or locating foreign bodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/12—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
- A61B8/4461—Features of the scanning mechanism, e.g. for moving the transducer within the housing of the probe
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0074—Dynamic characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. openable, closable, expandable or deformable
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/313—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes
- A61B1/3137—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes for examination of the interior of blood vessels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/04—Liquids
- A61M2202/0468—Liquids non-physiological
- A61M2202/0476—Oxygenated solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
- A61N2007/0086—Beam steering
- A61N2007/0091—Beam steering with moving parts, e.g. transducers, lenses, reflectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to catheter probes based on the use of a fiber that does not rotate. More specifically, the present invention relates to optical coherence tomography based on the use of an optical fiber that does not rotate, which is enclosed in a catheter portion.
- the unstable plaque was first identified and characterized by pathologists in the early 19S0's. Davis and coworkers noted that with the reconstruction of serial histological sections in patients with acute myocardial infarctions associated with death, a rupture or fissuring of athermanous plaque was evident (Davis MJ, Thomas AC. Plaque fissuring: the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden death, and crescendo angina. Br Heart J 1985; 53: 3 63-37 3, incorporated by reference herein).
- Ulcerated plaques were further characterized as having a thin fibrous cap, increased macrophages with decreased smooth muscle cells and an increased lipid core when compared to non-ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques in human aortas (Davis MJ, Richardson ED, Woolf N. Katz OR, Mann J. Risk of thrombosis in human atherosclerotic plaques: role of extracellular lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content, incorporated by reference herein). Furthermore, no correlation in size of lipid pool and percent stenosis was observed when imaging by coronary angiography.
- Neovascularization with intra-plaque hemorrhage may also play a role in this progression from small lesions, i.e., those less than about 50% occluded, to larger significant plaques. Yet, if the unique features of unstable plaque could be recognized by the cardiologist and then stabilized, a dramatic decrease may be realized in both acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina syndromes, and in the sudden progression of coronary artery disease.
- the present invention uses depth-resolved light reflection or Optical
- OCT Coherence Tomography
- OCT uses a superluminescent diode source or tunable laser source emitting a 1300 nm wave length, with a 50-250 nm band width (distribution of wave length) to make in situ tomographic images with axial resolution of 2 - 20 ⁇ m and tissue penetration of 2 - 3 mm.
- OCT has the potential to image tissues at the level of a single cell.
- the inventors have recently utilized broader band width optical sources so that axial resolution is improved to 4 um or less. With such resolution, OCT can be applied to visualize intimal caps, their thickness, and details of structure including fissures, the size and extent of the underlying lipid pool and the presence of inflammatory cells.
- near infrared light sources used in OCT instrumentation can penetrate into heavily calcified tissue regions characteristic of advanced coronary artery disease.
- application of OCT may be used to identify other details of the vulnerable plaque such as infiltration of monocytes and macrophages.
- application of OCT can provide detailed images of a pathologic specimen without cutting or disturbing the tissue.
- artificial hemoglobin is about to be approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a blood substitute and can carry oxygen necessary to prevent myocardial ischemia.
- the inventors demonstrated the viability of using artificial hemoglobin to reduce light scattering by blood in mouse myocardium coronary arteries (Villard JW, Feldman MD, Kim Jeehyun, Milner TO, and Freeman GL. Use of a blood substitute to determine instantaneous murine right ventricular thickening with optical coherence tomography. Circulation 2002, Volume 105: Pages 1843-1849, incorporated by reference herein).
- An OCT catheter to image coronary plaques has been built and is currently being tested by investigators.
- the prototype catheter consists of a single light source and is able to image over a 360 degree arc of a coronary arterial lumen by rotating a shaft that spins the optical fiber. Because the rotating shaft is housed outside of the body, the spinning rod in the catheter must rotate with uniform angular velocity so that the light can be focused for equal intervals of time on each angular segment of the coronary artery.
- the present invention overcomes this disadvantage of current single mode endoscope OCT by putting a rotating part at the end of the fiber probe.
- the rotating part is driven by biocompatible gas or liquid pumped externally.
- the rotating part is based on a miniature turbine, screw or water wheel, or nanotechnology.
- the single mode fiber itself remains stationary, but only a prism reflecting incident light to the target vessel wall will rotate at constant speed.
- the present invention pertains to a catheter imaging probe for a patient.
- the probe comprises a conduit through which energy is transmitted.
- the probe comprises a first portion through which the conduit extends.
- the probe comprises a second portion which rotates relative to the conduit to redirect the energy from the conduit.
- the present invention also pertains to a rotating tip assembly suitable for use with the inventive catheter imaging probe.
- the rotating tip assembly comprises generally an axle having a plurality of turbine-like members projecting generally radially outward from a central longitudinal axis of the axle, the axle further having a central longitudinal bore extending along the entire longitudinal axis of the axle.
- a distal end of the axle is beveled at an angle suitable to permit the reflection or refraction of optical energy at a predetermined angle away from the central longitudinal axis of the axle, then to gather light reflected back from the environment surrounding the catheter tip and transmit the same to the optical fiber.
- An outer housing having optically transparent properties is provided and is mounted on a distal end of a catheter body.
- a catheter end cap having a central longitudinal bore and a plurality of fluid flow ports passing through the catheter end cap and oriented co-axial with the longitudinal axis of the catheter end cap and the catheter body is provided.
- the catheter end cap is affixed within a distal end of the central longitudinal bore in the catheter body, and axle having the plurality of turbine-like members is concentrically and co-axially engaged within the central longitudinal bore of the catheter end cap and is rotatable therein.
- a second cap is provided which comprises generally concentrically aligned annular members, a first inner annular member defining a central longitudinal bore of the second cap and being in concentric spaced-apart relationship with a second outer cylindrical member so as to define an annular opening there between. The annular opening is maintained by spacer or rib members.
- the second outer cylindrical member has a plurality of fluid flow ports passing through a distal end surface thereof.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the rotating tip assembly of the present invention depicting fluid flows there through and optical inputs.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a turbine member in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective cut-away view of the rotating tip assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is an end elevational view of a housing cap for the rotating tip assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a perspective end view of the housing cap for the rotating tip assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 5a is a side end elevational view of the cap member for the rotating tip assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 5b is a perspective view of the cap member for the rotating tip assembly of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is an end elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the housing cap in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the turbine member in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the second cap member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the rotating tip assembly in accordance with the present invention.
- a rotating catheter tip assembly 10 comprises a housing 12 and a turbine 16, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the housing 12 includes a conduit 27 that extends through the housing 12 and turbine 16, whereby the turbine 16 rotates relative to the conduit 27 to redirect energy from the conduit 27.
- conduit 27 is a radiation waveguide, and more preferably the radiation waveguide is an optical fiber.
- the rotating catheter tip assembly 10 rotates a reflecting material 17, which then reflects energy emanating from the conduit 27.
- the reflecting material 17 is coupled with a focusing element 19 to focus the energy from conduit 27 to a target.
- the focusing element 19 may be any type of lens, GRIN lens, and the like suitable to focus optical energy.
- the focusing element 19 can be attached to the conduit, as to not rotate and alternatively, there is a space in between the focusing element 19 and the conduit 27, whereby the focusing element 19 is attached to turbine 16 as to rotate thereby.
- the turbine 16 includes a center axle 22 and a plurality of vane members 18, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the center axle 22 includes a central longitudinal bore 26, through which the conduit 27 extends.
- the center axle 22 includes a window opening 24 at the distal end, through which reflecting material 17 reflects energy emanating from the conduit 27.
- the vane members 18 project radially outward from center axle 22 and provide a rotating torque to the center axle 22 when a flowing fluid (gas or liquid) flows against the vane members 16, thereby causing the center axle 22 to rotate about the conduit 27.
- the vane members 16 can have a pre-determined curvature along the longitudinal axis of the turbine 16.
- the vane members 16 can be spiral shaped, or in any other configuration which permits rotation of the turbine 16.
- the turbine 16 is made from stainless steel, plastic tygon or Teflon.
- the turbine 16 includes knobs to support the axle 22 and allows the axle 22 to rotate without wobbling.
- the housing 12 includes a cylinder 32, a housing cap 14, and a cap member 20, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the cylinder 32 includes a central chamber 33, a distal opening 29, and outlet channels 30.
- the central chamber 33 houses the turbine member 16 and includes an inflow and an outflow, which define a fluid flow pathway 48.
- the inflow runs along the turbine member 16, while the outflow runs along the outlet channels 30.
- the housing cap 14 includes a plurality of fluid inlet ports 42, a plurality of fluid outlet ports 44, and a central opening 40, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- the fluid inlet ports 42 attach to fluid inlet tubes 41, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the fluid inlet tubes 41 are connected to a fluid source (not shown).
- the fluid inlet ports 42 pass through a generally central portion of the housing cap 14, to transmit fluid to central chamber 33.
- the fluid inlet ports 42 generally align with turbine member 16.
- the fluid outlet ports 44 pass through a relatively peripheral portion of the housing 14 and align with the outlet channels 30 and outlet tubes 43, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the central opening 40 includes a concentric recessed seat 39, as shown in FIG. 4, in which the axle 22 sits and substantially rotates thereabout. Concentric recessed seat 39 is formed to permit the axle 22 to rotate without wobbling.
- the central opening 40 co-axially aligns with longitudinal bore 26 and permits conduit 27 to be passed there through, whereby the turbine member 16 is freely rotatable without rotate conduit 27.
- the axle 22 is co-axially aligned to an opening 29 at a distal end of the housing 12 and opening 29 permits axle to rotate about an axis.
- the housing 12 is made from Teflon.
- the housing 12 includes a cover transparent to the energy and which encapsulates the turbine 16, so that no fluid can escape from the housing except through the channels 30.
- the transparent cover is made from any biocompatible transparent plastic.
- Such plastic can include Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or the like.
- the cap member 20 includes an inner annular member 28, an outer annular member 27, a plurality of spacer rib members 34, and a plurality of spaces 35, as shown in FIG. 5a and 5b.
- the cap member 20 is concentrically mounted onto the distal end of the axle 22 through inner annular member 28, as shown in FIG. 5b.
- the inner annular member 28 permits axle 22 to freely rotate thereabout, without wobbling.
- the inner annular member 28 and outer annular member 27 are connected by spacer rib members 34 and are concentrically spaced apart.
- the spaces 35 between adjacent pairs of spacer rib members 34 provide outflow pathways for the fluid flow 48 to pass from the central chamber 33 to the distal end of housing 12 and then to outlet channels 30.
- a plurality of fluid flow ports may be provided in a distal surface of the cap member 20 and define a distal end of spaces 35 to channel fluid flow out of spaces 35.
- a reflecting material 17 (not shown) is attached to the center axle 22 at window 24, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the reflecting material redirects energy from the conduit 27.
- the reflecting material preferably includes a prism or a mirror, which reflects energy from the conduit, the prism rotating with the center axle 22.
- the energy is radiant energy.
- a lens focuses energy onto the patient.
- the lens can be a microlens, GPJN lens, or optical fiber lines.
- the probe preferably includes a fluid source connected to the inlet tube.
- the fluid is provided to the inlet tubes 41, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the fluid is provided by a fluid source (not shown).
- the fluid source is a pump.
- the pump can be any standard fluid pump, as known and recognized by those skilled in the art.
- the fluid is chosen from a group consisting of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, saline, water, d5W or artificial blood such as Oxyglobin.
- any gas that can be dissolved into blood or tissue relatively easily can be used. Accordingly, a gas pump would used to provide fluid to the inlet tubes 41.
- the preferred dimensions of the outer diameter of the housing 12 is 2mm, the outer diameter of the turbine 16 is 1.4mm, the outer diameter of the inlet tube 42 is 0.2mm, the outer diameter of the outlet tube 44 is 0.2mm.
- the speed can be 30 rotations per second.
- the turbine pitch can be 4 pitch/mm, while the speed of the gas flow can be 120mm/sec and target flow rate is 3mm 3 /sec.
- the above are all examples. The invention is not limited to these values. For instance, to obtain a finer image, the flow rate is lower and the time it takes to obtain an image is then longer.
- the turbine 16 includes wart to reflect energy coming through a radiation energy guide back to the radiation energy guide.
- the reflective wart can be any reflective material on the axle 22.
- the wart is block shape with a flat wall shape.
- the wart rotates with the turbine and the energy reflected by the wart indicates current angular position of the prism.
- the wart identifies one angular position of the rotating portion when the light hits and gets back form the wart.
- the wart may be a flat wall facing the radiation energy guide to reflect back.
- the wart can be molded into the axle, and flat wall can have a reflective material, such as a mirror placed on it to increase the reflection.
- the width of the wart is small compared to the circumference of axle 22, so as to identify a given point, and is high enough to block the energy emitted from optical fiber, so it is reflected by wart.
- the assembly may be connected to a sample arm of a single mode fiber OCT.
- the turbine 16 In the center of an OCT probe, the turbine 16 is connected to a prism. Gas or liquid flows through the inlet port 42 into the turbine chamber 32.
- the turbine 16 is supported by positioning between the housing cap 14 and cap member 20 to maintain constant position during rotation.
- the central longitudinal bore 26 includes an optical fiber. During rotation of the turbine 16, the optical fiber remains stationary.
- the reference reflecting surface is within the catheter.
- a probing light will be launched from the single mode optical fiber through a lens having a curvature to focus the light onto target tissue area.
- a rotating prism connected to the turbine reflects incoming light toward target tissue area on the vessel wall, enabling the imaging system to scan 360 degrees around an inner vessel wall at a constant speed.
- the reflected light from the target tissue returns to the fiber through the prism.
- a standard analysis of the light is then performed to obtain the image, as in U.S. Patent 6,134,003, incorporated by reference herein.
- Gas or liquid gone through the turbine 16 exits the probe through an outlet tube 44.
- the rotation direction and speed of the turbine are controlled by the pressure difference between inlet ports 42 and outlet ports 44. Applying a gas or liquid through an inlet tube pressure is induced to the turbine which rotates; therefore, a prism put on the end of the turbine rotates as well.
- an imaging system can scan 360 degrees around the inner vessel wall at a constant speed.
- FIG. 6 depicts an alternative embodiment of a housing cap 14, synonymously termed a catheter cap 14, which is mountable on a distal open end of a catheter body (not shown) such that central flange 41 seats against the distal end of the catheter body (not shown).
- the fluid inlet openings 42 and fluid outlet openings 44 consist of channels which permit fluid flow to pass through the catheter cap 14 in the manner discussed above.
- Central opening 40 again accommodates passage of the optical fiber 27 therethrough and is co-axially aligned with the central bore of 26 of the turbine member 16 as depicted in FIG. 7.
- the proximal and distal ends of the catheter cap 14 projects from the central flange 41 and are preferably mirror images of one another about the central flange 41.
- FIG. 7 An alternative embodiment of the turbine member 16 is illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the principal difference between the first embodiment of the turbine member illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 is that there is a space in between the focusing element 19 and the conduit 27.
- the space may be an air space or an optical gap providing for the optical energy permission to expand before being focused by the focusing element.
- the focusing element 19 and the reflecting material 17 both rotate about the axis by the axle 22, by being substantially connected to the axle by optical glue, or the like.
- the curved or helical pitch of the turbine vanes 18 is greater than that depicted in FIGS. 1-5, such that they subtend approximately a 90 degree arc about the circumference of the axle 22.
- a second embodiment of a cap member 20 is depicted in FIG. 8, and is synonymously termed second cap member 60.
- the second cap member 60 includes a central opening 64, a collection channel 65 and a plurality of outflow ports 66.
- the central opening 64 is concentrically mounted onto the distal end of the axle 22 to permit axle 22 to rotate freely thereabout.
- the collection channel 65 is connected to the outflow ports 66, to permit the outflow of fluid.
- the outflow ports are substantially aligned with the outflow ports 66of the catheter cap 14, to allow the outflow to return to the fluid source (not shown).
- Second cap member 60 is similar to second cap member 60, in that it has an inner annular member 64 through which the axle 22 of turbine member, and an outer annular member 62 which is in concentrically spaced apart relationship therewith 16 passes except that after fluid flows through the spaces 35 it enters a return path by passing through outlet flow ports 66 which are provided about a peripheral portion of a distal surface of the second cap member 60 and enter the fluid outlet channels 30 in the housing 12.
- FIG. 9 demonstrates the complete assembly 100 of the catheter cap 14, second cap member 60, with turbine member 16 therebetween.
- the present invention also pertains to a method for imaging a patient.
- the method comprises the steps of inserting a catheter into a patient, rotating a turbine 16 of the catheter relative to a conduit 27, extending through the turbine 16 of the catheter, redirecting energy transmitted through the conduit 27 to the patient and receiving the energy reflected or backscattered to the turbine, and redirecting reflected energy to the conduit 27.
- the rotating step includes flowing fluid through an inlet tube 41 to the turbine 16 to turn an axle 22 of the turbine 16.
- the flowing step includes flowing the fluid against a plurality of vane members 18 which extend from a rotating center axle 22 of the turbine 16 to create a rotating torque on the center axle 22 to rotate about the conduit 27 that extends through the center axle 22.
- the axle 22 preferably has reflecting material 17 attached to the distal end of the axle 22, which redirects the energy from the conduit 27.
- the conduit 27 is an optical fiber.
- the reflecting material 17 preferably includes a prism or mirror which reflects light from the conduit, and includes rotating the prism with the axle as the axle is rotated by the flowing fluid.
- the rotating step includes the step of rotating the center axle 22 that is supported by knobs of the cylinder of the turbine in which the center axle 22 is disposed.
- an assembly which provides a fluid drive mechanism for rotating a mirror about the central longitudinal axis of the assembly while transmitting optical energy from a co-axial optical fiber which is maintained stationary within the central axis of the assembly, such that light energy may be reflected or refracted perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the catheter and traverse a 360 degree arc.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008536839A JP2010504762A (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-20 | Rotating optical catheter tip for optical coherence tomography |
EP06826391A EP1948021A4 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-20 | Rotating optical catheter tip for optical coherence tomography |
CA002627741A CA2627741A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-20 | Rotating optical catheter tip for optical coherence tomography |
AU2006304783A AU2006304783A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-20 | Rotating optical catheter tip for optical coherence tomography |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/548,982 US7711413B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-04-23 | Catheter imaging probe and method |
US72848105P | 2005-10-20 | 2005-10-20 | |
US60/728,481 | 2005-10-20 | ||
US10/548,982 | 2006-05-02 |
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WO2007047974A2 true WO2007047974A2 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
WO2007047974A3 WO2007047974A3 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2006/041125 WO2007047974A2 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-20 | Rotating optical catheter tip for optical coherence tomography |
Country Status (4)
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US (3) | US7853316B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1948021A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006304783A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007047974A2 (en) |
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AU2006304783A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
WO2007047974A3 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
US20110152771A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
EP1948021A2 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
US20070161893A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
US20150230709A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
US7853316B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 |
US8989849B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
EP1948021A4 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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