WO2006136635A2 - Method for the treatment of materials that need time to set - Google Patents

Method for the treatment of materials that need time to set Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006136635A2
WO2006136635A2 PCT/ES2006/000365 ES2006000365W WO2006136635A2 WO 2006136635 A2 WO2006136635 A2 WO 2006136635A2 ES 2006000365 W ES2006000365 W ES 2006000365W WO 2006136635 A2 WO2006136635 A2 WO 2006136635A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
technical elements
treatment
technical
over time
energy
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PCT/ES2006/000365
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2006136635A3 (en
Inventor
Carlos Fradera Pellicer
Original Assignee
Pellicer Carlos F
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Publication of WO2006136635A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006136635A2/en
Publication of WO2006136635A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006136635A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
    • H05B6/62—Apparatus for specific applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/241—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening using microwave heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/42—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for heating or cooling, e.g. steam jackets, by means of treating agents acting directly on the moulding material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
    • C04B40/0204—Selection of the hardening environment making use of electric or wave energy or particle radiation

Definitions

  • the energy action of the high frequency is applicable in a resistive and / or capacitive manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the treatment of technical elements which set over time, such as technical elements that are used for urban architecture, naval architecture, etc., which are made from cement (mortar, concrete, etc.) and/or a synthetic resin (laminar bodies of glass-fibre-reinforced resin, etc.), and which set according to a long-duration exothermic reaction which can be shortened with the external supply of heat. According to the invention, technical elements formed from cement and/or synthetic resins are subjected to the energy of a high-frequency electric current on being formed and in the same forming mould, which is converted to heat inside the mass of the technical elements.

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE ELEMENTOS TÉCNICOS QUE PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF TECHNICAL ELEMENTS THAT
ENDURECEN EN EL TIEMPOENDURE IN TIME
D E S C R ! P C I O ND E S C R! P C I O N
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para el tratamiento de elementos técnicos que endurecen en el tiempo, concretamente uno que es de especial aplicación a los elementos arquitectónicos, navales, etc. que están constituidos a base de cemento (mortero, hormigón, etc.), como son paneles de fachada y de compartímentado, losas de pavimentos flotantes, vigas, columnas, etc., y los constituidos a base de resinas sintéticas (poliéster armado con fibra de vidrio, etc.), como son los cascos y cabinas de embarcaciones, carrocerías de vehículos, etc., en todos los cuales e! endurecimiento del elemento técnico, que determina su solidificación funcional, se desarrolla mediante una reacción exotérmica de larga duración que, en algunos casos, se acorta con aportación externa de calor.The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of technical elements that harden over time, specifically one that is of special application to architectural, naval, etc. which are made of cement (mortar, concrete, etc.), such as facade and compartmentalized panels, floating floor slabs, beams, columns, etc., and those made of synthetic resins (fiber reinforced polyester of glass, etc.), such as hulls and cabins of boats, car bodies, etc., in all of which e! The hardening of the technical element, which determines its functional solidification, is developed through a long-lasting exothermic reaction that, in some cases, is shortened with external heat input.
La técnica conocida y empleada en tales menesteres, como convencional, es la de dejar qua el elemento se endurezca por sí mismo en el medio ambiente, Io que en el caso de los elementos técnicos constituidos por mortero u hormigón representa un período promedio de veintiocho días de fraguado.The technique known and used in such tasks, as conventional, is to allow the element to harden itself in the environment, which in the case of technical elements consisting of mortar or concrete represents an average period of twenty-eight days of setting.
Con el ánimo de reducir el tiempo de fraguado, en el caso de elementos técnicos prefabricados, se ha logrado reducir dicho período, sometiendo a dichos elementos técnicos prefabricados a un tratamiento de calor que active Ia reacción exotérmica.In order to reduce the setting time, in the case of prefabricated technical elements, this period has been reduced, subjecting said prefabricated technical elements to a heat treatment that activates the exothermic reaction.
Este proceder, si bien reduce el tiempo de fraguado, resulta energéticamente muy costoso, dado que para alcanzar el interior de Ia pieza mediante calor externo, tal como el de un horno, un túnel, un cañón de aire caliente, etc., se debe calentar el molde y toda Ia masa del elemento. Con Ia finalidad de eludir tal inconveniente, se ha adoptado Ia solución de utilizar una energía que se transforme en calor en el seno del elemento a tratar,, sin que esta energía afecte prácticamente a Ia enorme masa de los moldes. De acuerdo con Ia precedente solución se ha desarrollado el procedimiento para el tratamiento térmico de elementos técnicos que endurecen en el tiempo que es el objeto de esta invención, según el cua! los elementos técnicos conformados en bases de cemento y/o de resinas, inmediatamente a su conformación y en los mismos moldes de conformación de los mismos, son sometidos a Ia acción energética de una corriente eléctrica de aiía frecuencia que se transforma en caíor en el interior de Ia masa de los elementos técnicos.This procedure, although reducing the setting time, is very costly energy, since to reach the interior of the piece by external heat, such as that of an oven, a tunnel, a hot air cannon, etc., it must be heat the mold and the entire mass of the element. In order to avoid such an inconvenience, the solution of using an energy that is transformed into heat within the element to be treated has been adopted, without this energy affecting practically the enormous mass of the molds. In accordance with the preceding solution, the process for the thermal treatment of technical elements that harden in the time that is the object of this invention has been developed, according to which! The technical elements formed in cement and / or resin bases, immediately after their formation and in the same molds of their formation, are subjected to the energetic action of an electric current of aiía frequency that is transformed into heat inside of the mass of the technical elements.
Una característica de la invención consiste en el hecho de que la acción energética a Ia que son sometidos los elementos técnicos es de tipo capacitativo, según el cual los elementos técnicos constituyen una de las armaduras del condensador y una placa metálica o electrodo que, recubierta por un dieléctrico, constituye Ia otra armadura, que es transmisora de Ia emisión energética de corriente eléctrica de alta frecuencia aportada por un generador de la misma.A feature of the invention consists in the fact that the energetic action to which the technical elements are subjected is of a capacitive type, according to which the technical elements constitute one of the condenser armatures and a metal plate or electrode which, covered by a dielectric, constitutes the other armor, which is a transmitter of the energy emission of high frequency electric current provided by a generator thereof.
Otra característica de Ia invención se refiere al hecho de que la acción energética a Ia que son sometidos los elementos técnicos es de tipo resistivo, segúnAnother feature of the invention refers to the fact that the energy action to which the technical elements are subjected is of a resistive type, according to
Ia cual los elementos técnicos están intercalados entre, al menos, dos armaduras o placas metálicas, de las cuales una es la transmisora de la emisión energética de corriente eléctrica de alta frecuencia aportada por un generador de Ia misma y la otra constituye el retomo de la citada emisión energética una vez ha atravesado Ia masa del elemento técnico que actúa como dieléctrico.Ia which the technical elements are interspersed between at least two armor or metal plates, of which one is the transmitter of the energy emission of high frequency electric current provided by a generator thereof and the other constitutes the return of the said energy emission once the mass of the technical element that acts as a dielectric has passed through.
Finalmente, unas características de Ia invención radican en que Ia armadura de retorno puede adoptar una posición del grupo que comprende Ia situación perimetral en los costados del elemento técnico y Ia situación paralela al plano de Ia armadura de emisión. Para facilitar Ia comprensión de las ideas precedentes, se describe seguidamente una realización preferida de Ia invención, haciendo referencia a los dibujos ilustrativos que Ia acompañan. En los dibujos:Finally, some characteristics of the invention are that the return armature can adopt a position of the group comprising the perimeter situation on the sides of the technical element and the situation parallel to the plane of the emission armor. To facilitate the understanding of the preceding ideas, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described below, referring to the accompanying illustrative drawings. In the drawings:
Figura 1, representa, esquemáticamente en perspectiva explosionada, un conjunto constituido por un molde que contiene un elemento técnico, una armadura transmisora de la emisión energética y una armadura de retorno de Ia emisión, en un caso en que Ia acción energética es de tipo resistivo.Figure 1 represents, schematically in exploded perspective, an assembly consisting of a mold containing a technical element, an armor transmitting the energy emission and a return armor of the emission, in a case where the energy action is resistive type .
Figura 2, representa, en sección, una porción del conjunto de elementos de Ia figura anterior en situación de funcionamiento. Figura 3, representa, análogamente a Ia figura anterior, el caso en que Ia acción energética es de tipo capacitativo.Figure 2 represents, in section, a portion of the set of elements of the previous figure in an operating situation. Figure 3 represents, analogously to the previous figure, the case in which the energy action is capacitive.
Figura 4, representa, en sección, una disposición de las armaduras o placas metálicas en un caso de tipo resistivo en el que las armaduras son coplanarias, siendo Ia de retorno perimetra! a Ia de transmisión.Figure 4 represents, in section, an arrangement of the reinforcements or metal plates in a case of resistive type in which the reinforcements are coplanar, being the perimeter return! to the transmission.
Figura 5, representa, en planta superior, Ia disposición de Ia figura 4.Figure 5 represents, on the upper floor, the arrangement of Figure 4.
Figura 6, representa, en sección, una disposición de las armaduras o placas metálicas de tipo resistivo, en la que tales armaduras están constituidas por una pluralidad de bandas yuxtapuestas conectadas alternadamente en batería a Ia emisión y al retorno del generador de alta frecuencia.Figure 6 represents, in section, an arrangement of the resistive type metal reinforcements or plates, in which said reinforcements are constituted by a plurality of juxtaposed bands connected alternately in battery to the emission and to the return of the high frequency generator.
Figura 7, representa, en planta superior, Ia disposición de Ia figura 8.Figure 7 represents, on the upper floor, the arrangement of Figure 8.
Figura 8, representa, en perspectiva, explosionada, un conjunto de armadura transmisora, elemento técnico en su molde y armadura de retorno, en un caso en que del dorso del elemento técnico emergen unos anclajes metálicos y la armadura transmisora dispone de ventanas para el paso de dichos anclajes, todo ello en una disposición que admite la acción energética resistiva o capacitativa.Figure 8 represents, in perspective, exploded, a set of transmitter armor, technical element in its mold and return armor, in a case where metal anchors emerge from the back of the technical element and the transmitter armor has windows for the passage of these anchors, all in a provision that admits the resistive or capacitive energy action.
Figura 9, representa, en sección, una porción marginal del conjunto de Ia figura 8 en su posición de utilización,Figure 9 represents, in section, a marginal portion of the assembly of Figure 8 in its position of use,
En Ia figura 1 se muestra, en forma de perspectiva explosionada, una disposición adecuada para llevar a cabo el objeto de Ia invención en Ia realización del mismo en que ia acción energética es de tipo resistivo.Figure 1 shows, in the form of an exploded perspective, an arrangement suitable for carrying out the object of the invention in the realization thereof in which the energy action is of the resistive type.
En dicha figura 1 se observa que Ia referida disposición está formada por un conjunto que comprende una armadura de transmisión 1, o placa metálica, que dispone de un borne 2 de conexión a Ia salida de un generador de alta frecuencia y de unas cantoneras aislantes 3, que pueden ser substituidas por un marco aislante perimetral, un molde metálico 4 que contiene el elemento técnico 5 moldeado en el mismo y una armadura de retorno 6, constituida también por una placa metálica, que incluye un borne 7 de conexión ai retorno de! generador de alta frecuencia.In said figure 1 it is observed that the said arrangement is formed by an assembly comprising a transmission armature 1, or metal plate, which has a terminal 2 for connecting to the output of a high frequency generator and insulating corners 3 , which can be replaced by a perimetral insulating frame, a metal mold 4 containing the technical element 5 molded therein and a return armature 6, also constituted by a metal plate, which includes a terminal 7 for connection to the return of! high frequency generator.
La figura 2 muestra Ia disposición funcional del conjunto de la figura 1, en Ia que los distintos complementos se hallan dispuestos en posición operativa, observándose que la armadura de transmisión 1 está aplicada sobre el molde, no representado, con un distanciamiento representado por unos separadores aislantesFigure 2 shows the functional arrangement of the assembly of Figure 1, in which the different complements are arranged in operative position, observing that the transmission armature 1 is applied on the mold, not shown, with a spacing represented by separators insulators
3A, mientras que Ia armadura de retomo 6 está en contacto con el elemento técnico 5. En este caso de disposición de los elementos, Ia acción energética de la alta frecuencia es del tipo resistivo.3A, while the reinforcement armature 6 is in contact with the technical element 5. In this case of arrangement of the elements, the high frequency energy action is of the resistive type.
Por el contrario, en Ia figura 3, se muestra el caso en que los componentes de la disposición están organizados para que Ia acción energética sea de! tipo 5 capacitativo. Así se observa que Ia armadura de transmisión 1 está en contacto con una cara del elemento técnico 5 sin entrar en contacto con el molde del mismo, mientras que Ia armadura de retorno 6 está aplicada contra Ia otra cara del elemento técnico 5 con intercalación de una placa aislante 8, equivalente al dieléctrico de un condensador eléctrico. 0 En las figuras 4 se muestra un elemento técnico 5, que se ha representado sin molde, sobre cuya cara superior se halla asentada una armadura de transmisión 1 de Ia energía de alta frecuencia emergente de un generador 9, mientras que perimetral y coplanariamente a la misma se halla la armadura de retorno 6 en forma de marco metálico conectado a dicho generador de alta frecuencia, de modo que el 5 flujo de corriente de alta frecuencia discurre en forma de una a otra armadura, transformandose en calor en el interior del elemento técnico 5 donde se inicia Ia reacción exotérmica que constituye el fraguado del elemento técnico 5.On the contrary, in Figure 3, the case is shown in which the components of the arrangement are organized so that the energy action is of! Type 5 capacitive. Thus it is observed that the transmission armature 1 is in contact with one face of the technical element 5 without coming into contact with the mold thereof, while the return armature 6 is applied against the other face of the technical element 5 with interleaving a insulating plate 8, equivalent to the dielectric of an electric capacitor. 0 In Figures 4 a technical element 5 is shown, which has been shown without a mold, on whose upper face a transmission armature 1 of the emerging high frequency energy of a generator 9 is seated, while perimeter and coplanar to the the return armature 6 is in the form of a metal frame connected to said high frequency generator, so that the flow of high frequency current flows in the form of one to another armature, transforming into heat inside the technical element 5 where the exothermic reaction that constitutes the setting of the technical element 5 begins.
Análogamente ocurre con las disposiciones representadas en las figuras 6 y 7, en las que las armaduras de transmisión 1 y de retorno 6 están constituidas por 2 bandas 1A y 6A, respectivamente, conectadas en batería y alternadamente yuxtapuestas sobre Ia cara superior del elemento técnico 5, conexionando Ia batería de bandas 1A a Ia salida del generador de alta frecuencia 9 y Ia batería de bandas 6A al retorno de dicho generador.Similarly with the arrangements represented in figures 6 and 7, in which the transmission and return 6 armatures are constituted by 2 bands 1A and 6A, respectively, connected in battery and alternately juxtaposed on the upper face of the technical element 5 , connecting the battery of bands 1A to the output of the high frequency generator 9 and the battery of bands 6A to the return of said generator.
En las figuras 8 y 9 se muestra el caso en que el elemento técnico 5A 5 consiste en un panel de mortero que dispone en su dorso de unos anclajes 10 y está comprendido en un molde metálico 4A que incluye un molde de textura 11 y está asentado sobre una base metálica 12.Figures 8 and 9 show the case in which the technical element 5A 5 consists of a mortar panel that has anchors 10 on its back and is comprised of a metal mold 4A that includes a texture mold 11 and is seated on a metal base 12.
En este caso, Ia armadura de transmisión 1B dispone de ventanas 14 para el paso holgado de los anclajes 10 y de unas cantoneras 3 para evitar el contacto con el molde metálico 4A, disponiendo de un borne 2, al igual que el marco metálíco 4A que dispone de su borne 2A y la armadura de retomo 6 que dispone de su borne 7.In this case, the transmission armature 1B has windows 14 for the loose passage of the anchors 10 and some corners 3 to avoid contact with the metal mold 4A, having a terminal 2, as well as the metal frame 4A that It has its terminal 2A and the reinforcement armature 6 that has its terminal 7.
En esta última disposición, Ia acción energética de la alta frecuencia es aplicable en forma resistiva y/o capacitativa. In this last provision, the energy action of the high frequency is applicable in a resistive and / or capacitive manner.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1.- Procedimiento para el tratamiento de elementos técnicos que endurecen en el tiempo, tales como los elementos técnicos de arquitectura urbana, naval, etc. que están constituidos a base de cemento (mortero, hormigón, etc.) y/o de una resina sintética (cuerpos laminares de resina armada con fibra de vidrio, etc.) y en los que su endurecimiento se desarrolla según una reacción exotérmica de larga duración, que puede acortarse con aportación externa de calor, caracterizado porque los elementos técnicos (5) conformados en bases de cemento y/o de resinas sintéticas, inmediatamente a su conformación y en los mismos moldes (4) de conformación de los mismos, son sometidos a Ia acción energética de una corriente eléctrica de alta frecuencia que se transforma en calor en el interior de Ia masa de los elementos técnicos (5).1.- Procedure for the treatment of technical elements that harden over time, such as the technical elements of urban, naval architecture, etc. which are made of cement (mortar, concrete, etc.) and / or of a synthetic resin (resin lamellar bodies reinforced with fiberglass, etc.) and in which their hardening is developed according to a long exothermic reaction duration, which can be shortened with external heat input, characterized in that the technical elements (5) formed in cement bases and / or synthetic resins, immediately to their conformation and in the same molds (4) for forming them, are subjected to the energy action of a high frequency electric current that is transformed into heat inside the mass of the technical elements (5).
2.- Procedimiento para el tratamiento de elementos técnicos que endurecen en el tiempo, según Ia reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque Ia acción energética a Ia que son sometidos los elementos técnicos (5) es de tipo capacitativo, según el cual los elementos técnicos (5) constituyen una de las armaduras del condensador y una placa metálica (1) o electrodo que, recubierta por un dieléctrico, constituye Ia otra armadura, que es transmisora de Ia emisión energética de corriente eléctrica de alta frecuencia aportada por un generador (9) de Ia misma.2. Procedure for the treatment of technical elements that harden over time, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the energy action to which the technical elements are subjected (5) is of a capacitive type, according to which the technical elements (5 ) constitute one of the capacitor's armatures and a metal plate (1) or electrode that, covered by a dielectric, constitutes the other armor, which is a transmitter of the energy emission of high frequency electric current provided by a generator (9) of The same.
3.- Procedimiento para el tratamiento de elementos técnicos que endurecen en el tiempo, según Ia reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque Ia acción energética a Ia que son sometidos los elementos técnicos (5) es de tipo resistivo, según Ia cual los elementos técnicos están intercalados entre, al menos, dos armaduras o placas metálicas, de las cuales una (1) es Ia transmisora de Ia emisión energética de corriente eléctrica de alta frecuencia aportada por un generador (9) de Ia misma y Ia otra (6) constituye el retorno de Ia citada emisión energética una vez ha atravesado Ia masa del elemento técnico (5) que actúa como dieléctrico. 3. Procedure for the treatment of technical elements that harden over time, according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy action to which the technical elements are subjected (5) is resistive, according to which the technical elements are interleaved between, at least, two armor or metal plates, of which one (1) is the transmitter of the energy emission of high frequency electric current provided by a generator (9) thereof and the other (6) constitutes the return of said energy emission once the mass of the technical element (5) that acts as a dielectric has passed through.
4.- Procedimiento para el tratamiento de elementos técnicos que endurecen en el tiempo, según Ia reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque Ia armadura de retorno (6) está situada perimetralmente en los costados del elemento técnico (5).4. Procedure for the treatment of technical elements that harden over time, according to claim 2, characterized in that the return armature (6) is located perimetrically on the sides of the technical element (5).
5.- Procedimiento para el tratamiento de elementos técnicos que endurecen en el tiempo, según Ia reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque Ia armadura de retorno (6) está situada paralelamente a Ia armadura de emisión (1). 5. Procedure for the treatment of technical elements that harden over time, according to claim 2, characterized in that the return armature (6) is located parallel to the emission armature (1).
PCT/ES2006/000365 2005-06-21 2006-06-21 Method for the treatment of materials that need time to set WO2006136635A2 (en)

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ES200501502A ES2273579B1 (en) 2005-06-21 2005-06-21 PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF TECHNICAL ELEMENTS THAT ENDURE IN TIME.
ESP200501502 2005-06-21

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WO2006136635A2 true WO2006136635A2 (en) 2006-12-28
WO2006136635A3 WO2006136635A3 (en) 2007-04-19

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