WO2004064221A2

WO2004064221A2 - Potential energy of position power generation system and method

Info

Publication number: WO2004064221A2
Application number: PCT/US2004/001164
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert D. Hunt
Original assignee: Hunt Robert D
Priority date: 2003-01-13
Filing date: 2004-01-13
Publication date: 2004-07-29
Also published as: WO2004064221A8; WO2004064221A3

Abstract

A system and method of generating energy as a function of gravitational force. This includes a potential energy of position energy generating system and method and a buoyancy and gravitation loop.

Description

POTENTIAL ENERGY OF POSITION POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND

METHOD

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/439,514, filed on January 13, 2003, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/491,108, filed July 29, 2003, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/519,877, filed November 13, 2003, each ofthe disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to the generation of energy. More specifically, the invention relates to the utilization of gravitational and thermal forces in the generation of energy to improve the efficiency and provide less costly energy.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Due to the ongoing need for energy generation and the continued problems associated with energy generation and the shortages of usable energy supplies, improved system and methods are needed that generate energy or power at increased levels of efficiency but with little or no negative effects such as pollution. Improvements in existing power generating system may be made by improved systems and methods of utilizing gravitational forces and thermal dynamic forces including weather that are prevalently available.

[0004] It is well known that in basic physics the total energy of a body of mass is the kinetic energy, the energy of motion, plus the potential energy, the energy of position, possessed by the body of mass. It is also well known that the potential energy of position may readily be converted into kinetic energy of motion. Potential Energy of Position may be used to store Potential Energy for later use. For example, a hydroelectric dam collects rainwater and water from melting snow and stores the water at substantial elevation via the dam that causes the elevation ofthe water to rise as the water accumulates. The Potential Energy of Position is converted to kinetic energy of motion as the water is released from the dam and the falling water drives a hydro-turbine via its kinetic energy of motion. Likewise, a water tower stores water pumped into the tower and the Potential Energy of Position ofthe water is converted into kinetic energy of motion as the water is released from the tower in order to create a pressurized flow of water for a water supply system that lies at lower elevation than the elevation ofthe tower. A toilet works the same way. Water is pumped into the tank at a higher elevation and water having a Potential Energy of Position is stored. The Potential Energy of Position ofthe water is converted into kinetic energy of motion as the water is released to flush the toilet that is at a lower elevation.

[0005] The Laws of Thermodynamics, Latin for the "dynamics of heat" only relate to the kinetic energy of motion that may be produced from a given amount of heat that may be translated into a given amount of work within a closed cycle. The Laws of Thermodynamics make no attempt to address Potential Energies of Position within well known power cycles. Common power systems utilize kinetic energy power cycles that may be evaluated in terms ofthe Laws of Thermodynamics that are entirely based on the efficiencies obtained by heat driven energies of motion.

[0006] There is a need for a system and method that generate greater overall energy production via gaining substantial additional energy generation by "harnessing the Potential Energies of Position" by generating power from buoyancy and gravitation energy forces. There is also a need for a system and method that generates substantially greater overall energy from the process.

[0007] It is therefore desirable to generate a series of Potential Energies of Position within a single power cycle, so that the total energy that may be obtained from the power cycle is the kinetic energy of heat that may be measured by conventional formulas of thermodynamics plus the addition energies generated by each ofthe series of Potential Energies of Position that may be harnessed within the power cycle to create more total energy than has ever been obtained by a power cycle. There is also a need for a system and method by which a geothermal energy input source that vaporizes a low-boiling-point-liquid into high pressure vapor may generate a series of Potential Energies of Position via a virtually unlimited cascade of additional power cycles. It is an object ofthe present patent application to disclose a power cycle that may be powered by the thermal energy contained within our atmosphere via the use of an air compression and expansion power cycle that harnesses multiple Potential Energies of Position that instantly begin to be converted to kinetic energy within the power cycle in order to efficiently generate substantial power from the heat in the air. SUMMARY

[0008] The embodiments ofthe present invention provide for improved efficiencies and utilization of energy such as the potential energy of position in the generation of energy from buoyancy and gravitational forces.

[0009] One aspect is a system and method of generating energy from the potential energy of position. The method includes positioning a working fluid at a high mass state at significant elevation within a first column containing a working fluid at a low mass vapor state. The method also includes positioning the working fluid at a low mass vapor state within a second column of a working fluid at a high mass liquid state. The method further includes altering a mass state ofthe working fluid between the high mass liquid state and the low mass vapor state between the first column and the second column.

[0010] In another aspect, the invention comprises a system and method of producing energy using gravitational energy that includes introducing a body of mass within a surrounding fluid. The body of mass is less dense than the surrounding fluid and rising within the surrounding fluid as a function of buoyancy. The method includes altering the mass density in relationship to the surrounding fluid to have greater density than the surrounding fluid, thereby causing a downward motion ofthe body of mass within the surrounding fluid as a function of gravity and altering the density ofthe body of mass in relationship to the surrounding fluid to be less dense than the surrounding fluid thereby rising as a function of buoyancy. The method further includes altering the body of mass to be denser than the surrounding fluid so that the body of mass falls in a downward motion in an alternating cycle. The method also includes generating energy from the upward and downward motion ofthe introduced body of mass within the surrounding fluid that is generated by the rising and then alternately falling cycle.

[0011] Another aspect the present invention comprises a system and method of producing energy that includes providing an enclosure capable of holding a low density gas and providing a surrounding mass that acts as a lifting fluid that surrounds the enclosure. The method also includes introducing a gas having a density lower that the density of a surrounding lifting fluid into the enclosure to create lift of the enclosure as a function of buoyancy wherein the enclosure rises in elevation. The method further includes compressing all or a portion ofthe gas within the enclosure or releasing all or a portion ofthe vacuum within the enclosure to reduce the lift generated by the force of buoyancy after the desired elevation has been reached. The method further includes generating energy from the upward and downward kinetic energy of motion ofthe enclosure in an alternating and downward cycle.

[0012] In another aspect, a method of producing energy including providing an enclosure configured to hold a body of mass and providing a rotation around an axis to create a centrifugal force in an outward direction. The method also includes providing a surrounding fluid mass that acts as a lifting fluid that surrounds the enclosure that holds a body of mass within the rotating device, the surrounding fluid mass forming a hydrostatic pressure as a result ofthe rotation, the enclosure moving outwardly as a function of its weight being greater than the surrounding fluid mass within the rotating device, the enclosure moving inward if it is lighter that the surrounding fluid mass within the rotating device. The method also includes generating energy from the motion ofthe enclosure through the surrounding fluid mass that acts as a lifting fluid.

[0013] Further aspects ofthe present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment ofthe invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope ofthe invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Fig. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method with air compression power generation.

[0016] Fig. 2 is an illustration of another embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method with air compression power generation.

[0017] Fig. 3 is an illustration of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method with an air-lift turbine generator.

[0018] Fig. 4 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a lift force of hydrogen and oxygen generated via electrolysis at substantial depth.

[0019] Fig. 5 is an illustration of another embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a lift force of hydrogen and oxygen generated via electrolysis at substantial depth.

[0020] Fig. 6 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using natural gas from a well.

[0021 ] Fig. 7 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using solar energy.

[0022] Fig. 8 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a geothermal heat pipe.

[0023] Fig. 9 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using wind energy, solar energy and combustible fuel energy.

[0024] Fig. 10 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method utilizing a cascade of potential energy of position energy generators driven by a wind-driven air pressure energy source.

[0025] Fig. 11 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method providing heat energy and cooling energy. [0026] Fig. 12 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a cascade of potential energy from position energy generators.

[0027] Fig. 13 is an illustration of one embodiment of a wind compressor utilizing wind-driven pistons and wind-directing shutters.

[0028] Fig. 14 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using solar energy with a heating and cooling recycle system.

[0029] Fig. 15 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method in a potable water generation system utilizing geothermal water and an optional solar heating system.

[0030] Fig. 16 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method for recycling water to power a hydro-electric dam.

[0031] Fig. 17 is an illustration of one embodiment of an energy production system and method utilizing buoyancy and gravity.

[0032] Fig. 18 is an illustration of one embodiment of an enclosure system for use in an energy production system and method utilizing buoyancy and gravity.

[0033] Fig. 19 is an illustration of one embodiment of an energy production system and method utilizing buoyancy and gravity within a gaseous surrounding mass.

[0034] Fig. 20 is an illustration of one embodiment of an enclosure system for use in an energy production system and method utilizing buoyancy and gravity within a gaseous surrounding mass.

[0035] Fig. 21 is an illustration of one embodiment of an energy production system and method utilizing buoyancy and gravity within a liquid surrounding mass.

[0036] Fig. 22 is an illustration of one embodiment of an enclosure system for use in an energy production system and method utilizing buoyancy and gravity within a liquid surrounding mass.

[0037] Fig. 23 is an illustration of one embodiment of a gravity loop system utilizing buoyancy and gravity energy.

[0038] Reference characters or numbers are separate and distinct for each Figure and drawing and are not corresponding between drawings and figures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

[0040] The systems and methods ofthe invention derive energy from the Potential Energies of Position that are not generally utilized in the design of power systems and are not normally accounted for in conventional thermodynamics, which merely relates to the dynamics of heat flow within a closed cycle and the kinetic energy produced by the heat that may be translated into work. Thermodynamics do not take into account the substantial amount of energy that may be gained from the Potential Energies of Position and this vast reservoir of energy has gone untapped for centuries as it has not played a role in the design of previous power cycles.

[0041 ] Consistent with the current system and method, it is possible to generate substantial additional power by harnessing Energies of Position by continuously placing or forming (positioning) mass of either high mass or low mass in a position in which the Potential Energy of Position may instantly be converted to kinetic energy of motion via the location and circumstances ofthe placement ofthe mass. For example, if you could place a continuous supply of boulders hundreds of feet in the air without expending very much energy in doing so, you would have enormous power at your disposal, a massive column of falling rock. Likewise, if you continuously create or place low mass gas deep within a column of water, the gas lifting energy ofthe gas would be enormous; or if the low mass gas is contained (positioned via being formed or placed there) within a sealed vessel at depth within a liquid column, a substantial continuous lifting force may be produced, if the vessel is attached to the bottom and it remains in the water column.

[0042] While it is difficult to continuously position boulders high in the sky with little effort, it is possible to continuously condensing low mass vapor into high mass liquid within the low mass atmosphere at substantial height; continuously positioning gases deep within a column of liquid by vaporizing a high vapor pressure low-boiling-point-liquid into a low mass gas or by using the existing high vapor pressure of a natural gas well to place vapor in a liquid column via overcoming the hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid; and continuously alter the mass of a column by continuously placing vapor with a column of liquid or by heating or cooling a section ofthe column are examples of processes that may be accomplished with relatively little effort, expensive, or energy consumption using readily available low temperature heat sources, such as solar heat, geothermal heat, the heat of combustion, microwave heat, waste heat, etc. and even the thermal energy contained within our atmosphere to harness the Potential Energies of Position.

[0043] The present invention provides for improved systems and methods for harnessing Potential Energies of Position use phase change, gravitational energy and the principals of buoyancy. It is possible to create cycles that use chemical change, such as the performing electrolysis of at depth within a column of water to continuously create low mass hydrogen and oxygen vapors deep within the liquid column, but there are fewer applications in which chemical changes may be used. It is also possible to determine pre-existing conditions that allow energy to be derived from the Potential Energies of Position, such as the use ofthe high vapor pressure of a natural gas well to place low mass«vapor in a high mass column of liquid or the melting of frozen methane supplies at the bottom ofthe oceans to form low mass vapor in the high mass salt water column. However, these two phase changes: (1) condensation of a vapor to a liquid within the atmosphere; and, (2) vaporization of a liquid to a vapor in a liquid column, remain the two dominant Potential Energies of Position that are the easiest and least expensive to accomplish that may used to create practical process to harness the Potential Energies of Position as disclosed herein. Other Potential Energies of Position are disclosed herein that may be used, but they generally require more energy input, expense, and complexity in order to accomplish.

[0044] Low mass hydrogen and oxygen may be continuously formed via electrolysis deep within a column of water (Shown in Figs. 4 and 5). The low mass hydrogen and oxygen would exert a powerful lift force via the Potential Energies of Position in regards to where it was formed. If the hydrogen were brought to the surface within the higher mass atmosphere and the hydrogen then separated from the higher mass oxygen. A cumulative amount ofthe hydrogen gas would create an enormous lifting force within the atmosphere. A series of hydrogen balloons connected to a common rotating cable may then exploit the supply of low mass hydrogen to create a constant lifting force due to the hydrogen's Potential Energy of Position (Not illustrated).

[0045] Should the hydrogen be compressed at some high point, it would gain density and become heavier than air and then would form a falling force due its Potential Energy of Position and then may be passed through an open pipe to the ground without additional pumping. The gas then could be expanded (through a work producing turbine) to very low density to again provide a lifting force in a cycle. The apparatus would be held aloft by the lifting force ofthe low mass hydrogen positioned in the balloons in the atmosphere. Kite like Sails or wings could also provide additional lift for the apparatus that would be firmly attached to the ground. Alternately, the hydrogen may be combusted at the highest point in the cycle to exploit the chemical energy ofthe hydrogen in a continuous electrolysis hydrogen production cycle to harness the Potential Energies of Position and then the electrical energy input via electrolysis may largely be recovered by combustion.

[0046] The above described electrolysis cycle to generate hydrogen and oxygen may be very useful in producing hydrogen for the coming "hydrogen economy" that has been widely forecast. It is interesting to note that all ofthe power cycles disclosed herein work by the use of substantial height or substantial depth because the greater the height and depth; the greater the amount of power generated, because Potential Energies of Position that perform the function of continuously placing or forming (positioning) mass in order to create useful mass differentials increases with height in the case of continuously placing or forming high mass in a low mass column and increases with depth in the case of continuously placing or forming low mass vapor into a high mass column of liquid.

[0047] Therefore, embodiments includes extremely tall above the surface or extremely deep beneath the surface. This is a limiting factor to the use ofthe technology. The embodiment ofthe present invention may not be placed in a car because the technology requires great height above the surface or great depth below the surface. However, hydrogen may be used as the energy source to power a car. Thus, embodiments ofthe present invention may produce hydrogen that may act as energy storage ofthe output energy produced by the embodiments ofthe present invention that require great height or depth. Hydrogen production may be used with and may become a part ofthe cycles ofthe present invention disclosed herein to accomplish energy storage (No Drawing of this Embodiment ofthe Present Invention is Shown).

[0048] Examples ofthe low mass vapor within a high mass column of liquid at substantial depth are: (1) vaporization of high vapor pressure low-boiling- point-liquids within a liquid column at depth via the heat source of geothermal heat; and, (2) vaporization of high vapor pressure low-boiling-point-liquids on the surface via any heat source, such as solar heat, geothermal heat, the heat of combustion, microwave heat, waste heat, etc. with the high pressure vapor capable of injecting itself a substantial depth in a column of liquid by overcoming the hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid; and, (3) low mass steam being formed within a high mass liquid column via a heat source, such as the heat of combustion, microwave heat, etc. although only reasonably shallow depths may be obtained using this process; and, (4) the melting of frozen methane supplies that lay under the floor ofthe world's oceans. Scientists believe that forces generated by the melting of frozen methane may be so powerful that they may have sunken ships when it has occurred in nature (No Drawing of this Embodiment ofthe Present Invention is Shown); and, (5) using the naturally occurring high vapor pressure of a high pressure natural gas well to overcome the hydrostatic pressure of a column of liquid at great depth to inject the gas within the casing of a second sealed well filled with re-circulating water that is gas lifted to the surface to provide mechanical drive via the mass flow of high pressure water and natural gas through a turbine; and, (6) electrolysis of water to form low mass hydrogen and oxygen at depth within a column of water.

[0049] Examples ofthe Potential Energies of Position that perform the function of continuously positioning lower mass vapors within a higher mass vapor column are: (1) using the lifting force of low mass gases, such as hydrogen, helium, etc., to provide a work producing lifting force within the higher mass atmosphere in a cycle (Not Shown); and, (2) using the lifting force provided by low mass hot air to provide a work producing lifting force within the higher mass atmosphere in a cycle (Not Shown). Number 2 is also an example of altering the mass of a column. The air mass is altered by applying heat to the air that causes the air to have lower density than the surrounding air.

[0050] An example ofthe Potential Energies of Position that perform the function of positioning higher mass vapors within lower mass vapor column is to cool a section ofthe air that would cause the air to have higher density than the surrounding air and it would create a falling effect, due to positioning higher mass air within the lower mass air column (Not Shown).

[0051 ] Extremely efficient embodiments ofthe present patent application beneficially use two Potential Energies of Position by created by generating gas-lift pumping within a closed U shaped tube (See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 12). Fig. 3 illustrated a pipe inserted within a pipe, which are fluidly connected together at the bottom in order to form a sealed loop.). The efficiency of gas-lift within a sealed U- tube may be greater than other embodiments disclosed herein because two separate Energies of Position are formed. A closed U shaped loop of tubing is placed beneath the surface ofthe water. A liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid is injected into one side ofthe U shaped closed loop. The water in the loop is heated via geothermal heat and the loop extends downward to sufficient depth and pressure. The liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid is vaporized into high pressure vapor by the thermal energy contained within the water within the loop. The high pressure vapor displaces water volume and the high pressure vapor begins to rise within the water column as a result of lower density than the density ofthe surrounding hot water. The vapor pushes water upward as it rises. The vapor expands as the hydrostatic pressure ofthe water is reduced as it rises upward toward the surface and a greater volume of water is displaced by the increased vapor volume.

[0052] The relative mass ofthe two sides ofthe closed loop is thus altered by the low mass vapor displacing high mass water within the low mass column. As vapor replaces water on the side of injection the mass is reduced because the vapor that displaces water has significantly less mass than that ofthe high mass water column on the opposite side ofthe loop, which is a column of high mass pure water. The hydrostatic pressure and mass ofthe side not having vapor is increased in relationship to the opposite side having vapor forming a substantial amount ofthe area ofthe column, causing lower mass and lower hydrostatic pressure. Thus, the high mass pure water column having greater mass and hydrostatic pressure generates a high pressure flow of water to the column having lower mass and lower hydrostatic pressure. The hydrostatic pressure or force exerted by the flow of liquid from the high mass column to the low mass column is equal to the difference in the mass ofthe two columns.

[0053] The above described gas-lift pumping is extremely efficient because a series of independent energy sources work together in a unique manner. There is the kinetic energy ofthe pressure that may be converted to mechanical drive via expansion ofthe high pressure vapor. But most interesting, there are two not one Potential Energies of Position. One is the vapor or bubble that is formed by vaporizing liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid into high pressure vapor using the geothermal heat ofthe water as the heat energy source. The bubble attempts to rise within the column of water as a result of its Potential Energy of Position, creating a powerful lifting force as is demonstrated in Fig. 4. [0054] A second Potential Energy of Position is formed by displacing high mass water with low mass vapor in the low mass column, thus altering the mass ofthe low mass column, that causes the high mass column to apply a hydrostatic pressure against the low mass column generating a powerful pumping force equal to the mass differential ofthe two columns. This Second Potential Energy of Position is totally independent ofthe First Potential Energy of Position. The independence ofthe two Potential Energies of Position can be easily demonstrated by assuming that there is no U shaped tube forming a high mass column to create the Second Potential Energy of Position and assuming that the bubble is in an open body of water. The result would be that the bubble would rise to the surface providing a lifting force (the first Potential Energy of Position) in direct relationship to the amount of area of liquid displaced and no hydrostatic pressure would be applied that would result in a high pressure flow of water, as would be generated with the U shaped tube that forms columns having a mass differential. The pumping force ofthe Second Energy of Position is derived from the Potential Energy of Position created via the mass differential that is continuously formed, causing the high mass column of water to exert a hydrostatic force, which is an independent downward force, against the lower mass column to create a powerful flow of water. This embodiment ofthe present invention herein disclosed demonstrates the process ofthe Potential Energy of Position via altering the mass of a column that allows energy to be harnessed.

[0055] The gas-lift pumping within a closed U shaped tube embodiments disclosed herein generates an extremely efficient power generation cycle that benefits from two independent Potential Energies of Position that are added to the conventional kinetic energy possessed by the high pressure vapor.

[0056] The concept of continuously placing or forming (positioning) high mass liquid in a column of low mass vapor to harness the Potential Energy of Position is as valid as the concept of continuously positioning low mass vapor in a high mass column of liquid. An example of an embodiment ofthe present invention in which the process creates an efficient method ofthe positioning of high mass liquid in a low mass column that requires very little energy is to vaporize a low-boiling-point-liquid using a low temperature heat source, such as solar heat or geothermal heat, that is condensed at substantial height, lets say at the top of a mountain or on top of a high office building (Shown in Fig. 7). The liquid then applies substantial hydrostatic pressure due to the height ofthe liquid column (like that of a hydro-dam) and the pressure can be converted to mechanical drive via a hydro-turbine to exploit the energy ofthe high mass (weight) ofthe liquid via gravity. The vapor's high pressure pushes the vapor to the top ofthe mountain through a pipe with no pumping energy input requirement. The input energy ofthe process is only the low cost heat of vaporization that in this process is renewable energy. However, the output energy is only limited to the elevation at which condensation takes place (as relates to the working hydrostatic pressure ofthe turbine) and is limited by the volume (as relates to flow rate through the turbine) of liquid that is produced via condensation; and, thus, the output energy may be many times greater than the input energy of vaporization required to operate this innovative process to harness the Potential Energy of Position as disclosed herein.

[0057] To create a cycle via the above described process, the condensation must continuously occur at the same rate as the flow of liquid through the turbine and the column of liquid must remain filled to the top ofthe column in order to maintain a constant hydrostatic pressure that is applied to the turbine at the bottom ofthe column in order to exploit (harness) the Potential Energy of Position. In order to create a cycle that operates 24/7, low temperature geothermal heat may be used to vaporize the low-boiling-point-liquid and then heat may be rejected to the atmosphere at the top of the mountain to condense the low-boiling-point-liquid back to the liquid phase to obtain power via the Potential Energy of Position, via a renewable geothermal energy source (Shown in Fig. 8). Likewise, any low temperature heat source may be used to accomplish this process. Vaporization and condensation of a low-boiling-point-liquid may be accomplished with a temperature differential of only five deg. F.

[0058] A hydro-dam stores Potential Energy of Position that is converted to kinetic energy of motion to power a hydro-turbine as the water is released from the dam. The dam relies on rainfall or snowfall that melts during the spring to fill the dam; and, therefore, is not a closed power cycle. The closed power cycles disclosed herein continuously use the placement or formation of bodies of mass to form mass differentials in a cycle to generate power, heating, and cooling. Likewise, a water tower stores water pumped into the tower and the Potential Energy of Position ofthe water is converted into kinetic energy of motion as the water is released from the tower in order to create a pressurized flow of water for a water supply pipe system that lies at lower elevation. A toilet works the same way. Water is pumped into the tank at a higher elevation and water having a Potential Energy of Position is stored. The Potential Energy of Position ofthe water is converted into kinetic energy of motion as the water is released to flush the toilet that is at a lower elevation. The hydro-dam, the water tower, and the toilet are not examples of power cycles using the Potential Energies of Position; but instead, are examples of storing Potential Energy via the Potential Energies of Position.

[0059] Also, it is possible to incorporate a power cycle that alters the mass of a column of mass via expansion and compression to harness the Potential Energies of Position. Expansion of a low density gas within a high mass column may provide a lifting force and compression ofthe low density gas to greater density than the high mass column may provide a falling force and this process may potentially be efficiently used in a cycle because the compression energy could be largely recovered via expansion ofthe compressed gas; therefore, there may be a net total energy gain via the Potential Energies of Position provided by the lifting and falling forces obtained (This embodiment ofthe present invention is Not Shown in a drawing.).

[0060] The Carnot efficiency does not apply to the power cycles herein disclosed that employ additional power generation via the Potential Energy of Position as the Carnot efficiency only relates to the kinetic power generated per unit of heat and does not take into account power generated via the Potential Energies of Position that are immediately converted to kinetic energy. Systems harnessing the Potential Energies of Position as disclosed herein may develop total energy many times greater than the maximum reading on the Carnot scale. Such high efficiency of power cycles has been previously considered impossible to achieve.

[0061 ] Due to the additional power that may be obtained by harnessing the Potential Energies of Position as disclosed herein, it may now be possible to design power cycles that may be powered by the thermal energy in the atmosphere (Shown in Figs. 1, 2, 9, and 10). This may be accomplished in a power cycle herein disclosed by the following steps: (1) compressing air, which produces the heat of compression (2) extracting the heat to power vaporization of a liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid into high pressure vapor; and, (3) positioning the low mass air after the heat is removed within a high mass column of water to form two Energies of Position; and, (4) extracting the energy generated via positioning the low mass air in a high mass water column via a mass flow turbine such as a drum jet turbine; and, (5) positioning the low mass vapor phase ofthe low-boiling-point-liquid within a column of liquid to form two Energies of Position; and, (6) extracting the energy generated via positioning the low mass vapor in a high mass liquid column via a mass flow turbine; and, (7) expanding the pre-cooled compressed air to form a refrigeration cycle, which is accomplished in Step 4; and, (8) condensing the vapor phase ofthe low-boiling- point-liquid back into the liquid phase at height above the ground using the cold air of step 5. The above described steps beneficially create a series of Potential Energies of Position within innovate new power cycles. In the power cycle herein presented five Potential Energies of Position plus the thermodynamic kinetic energy generated via compression are generated that may produce substantial total energy output, derived from only one energy input ~ the compression of air that provides heat via the heat of compression. It appears to the present applicant that more overall energy output will be generated by the compression / expansion cycle of atmospheric air to initiate a series of Potential Energies of Position as herein disclosed than the amount of energy input required to operate the cycles; and, therefore, a positive supply of energy may be generated via the thermal energy contained in our atmosphere.

[0062] In the above described cycle, solar heat collectors may be beneficially used to provide supplemental heat that may be added to the heat obtained from air compression as shown in Fig. 2. Obtaining higher temperature heat and a greater quantity of heat would allow the vapor phase ofthe low-boiling-point-liquid to potentially have a higher vapor pressure and potentially a greater quantity of liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid may be vaporized into vapor via the greater quantity of heat available. The solar collectors would be attached to the vapor lift tube and would heat the water within the tube via heat pipes that transfer solar heat to the water. The water would then act as a heat exchange working fluid to transfer the heat to the vapor.

[0063] Likewise, greater cooling ofthe air before it is expanded is beneficial in the compression / expansion cycle described above, which may be accomplished using a ground loop cooling system to provide additional cooling to the water used on the air compression side ofthe power cycle (Shown in Fig. 2). A heat exchanger would be used to remove heat from the lift tube water that would be exchanged to the water contained within a closed ground loop unit. The ground loop unit would reject heat to the earth via the innovative use of heat pipes. The hot water would flow through the loop and the heat in the water would vaporize liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid contained within the sealed heat pipes into vapor that would then condense at the opposite end ofthe pipe, efficiently removing heat from the water in the process. The vaporization ends ofthe heat pipes are located in the flow of hot water and the condensation ends ofthe heat pipes are located at a distance away from the loop, so that heat removed from the water may be efficiently rejected at significant distance away from the loop. The pipes would vary in length and would vary in the angles at which they would radiate out from the central supply of water flowing within the loop that allows more underground area to be useful in the rejection of heat via a central ground loop.

[0064] Cooling ofthe water accomplished by the ground loop cooling unit allows the water to act as a heat exchange medium to remove additional heat from the air injected into the water as heat from the air is transferred to the water. This results in greater refrigeration effect when the air is expanded in the turbine, which allows greater condensation in the condenser due to the colder air, which allows more vapor to be condensed.

[0065] A cascade of energy cycles that benefit from Potential Energies of Position may be initiated by a single input energy source, such as compressed air, high pressure vapor, or pressurized natural gas. The energy input generates a series of additional power cycles that generate a series of energy output cycles initiated by the single energy input. (Shown in Figs. 10, 12 and 15).

[0066] As previously disclosed herein, an air-lift or vapor-lift embodiment ofthe present invention may generate two Potential Energies of Position. However, the pressured air or vapor does not necessarily have to be fully expanded via passing through the turbine. Of course, some power is derived via expansion ofthe pressurized air or vapor, but greater power may be derived if the air or vapor is only partially expanded, and is then used to generate an entirely new lift cycle within a second lift tube. Likewise, if not fully expanded in the second tube, there remains sufficient pressure to generate an entirely new lift cycle within a third lift tube and so on, provided sufficient initial vapor pressure is available, such as high pressure natural gas from a natural gas well.

[0067] Assuming there is some loss of pressure due to entropy, heat losses, and partial expansion in driving each lift cycle, there a limit as to how many new lift cycles may be obtained in the cascade cycle. The pressure loss ofthe air or , vapor may be minimal because the lift force ofthe rising air or gas bubble and the lowering ofthe mass ofthe high mass column within the lift tube occur even if the air or gas are not fully expanded, which means that a powerful lifting force and a powerful water pumping force is generated even if the air or gas is not fully expanded via the turbine. Also, the pressure available must overcome the pressure ofthe next cycle, so there must be significantly greater vapor pressure available than the pressure needed to drive the first cycle in order to operate a cascade of cycles. The main advantage of using cascade cycles may be in the geometry that is obtained ~ a series of short tubes to accomplish what may have been accomplished in one large tube. This may be beneficial in a commercial building that has a cascade of air lifts cycles initiated from one input to create a series or cascade of cycles as tall as the building that produces the equivalent power of a single air lift that was many times greater in length than the height ofthe building from a single input of high pressure vapor.

[0068] A cascade embodiment that comprises two separate lift cycles; (1) an air lift cycle, and (2) a vapor lift cycle is shown in Fig. 1. Both of these cycles form a cascade of additional lift cycles because the air and the vapor are not fully allowed to expand within their respective turbines. Additionally, the greater pressure is helpful in condensing the vapor back to the liquid phase as condensation is enhanced by pressure and is made more difficult by expansion, requiring less cooling to accomplish condensation ofthe vapor to the liquid phase with pressure.

[0069] An important cascade embodiment ofthe present invention that efficiently harnesses the Potential Energies of Position is created by forming a cascade of geothermal wells powered by the vapor phase of a low-boiling-point-liquid (This embodiment ofthe present invention is Not Shown). The cascade of additional cycles may be essentially unlimited because the losses due to entropy, heat loss, and partial expansion ofthe vapor that occur may be replenished via geothermal heat from the earth that increases the enthalpy ofthe vapor restoring energy losses due to entropy, replaces heat losses, and increase the vapor pressure. With the entropy, heat losses, and pressure losses being made up via geothermal heat in each cycle, additional cycles may be added over and over. This process may require minor cooling ofthe vapor after each power cycle to reduce the vapor pressure instead of actual expansion ofthe vapor to reduce vapor pressure. The vapor pressure will increase again within the geothermal well as the vapor again becomes hotter. Also, it is important to note that the liquid must only be vaporized in the first cycle, thereafter, any pressure loss ofthe vapor will be restored via the geothermal heat in each additional power cycle. Vaporization ofthe liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid into high pressure vapor takes substantial energy input, but merely heating the pre-existing vapor in each additional power cycle will require very minimal geothermal heat input. Heat removed after each power cycle to cause required pressure reduction may be used beneficially to power an additional low-boiling-point-liquid power cycle or for space heating or any other use in which heat is normally used.

[0070] A cascade cycle may only be used in association with air, gases or vapor lift embodiments ofthe present invention that work via continuously placing or forming of low mass air, gases, or vapor in a high mass liquid column to generate a mass differential to form Potential Energies of Position that may be immediately converted into kinetic energy of motion caused by the gravitational pull ofthe earth. Included is the formation of hydrogen and oxygen gases at depth within a water column by not expanding the gases through the turbine in order to conserve pressure so that the vapor may be injected into a series of lift tubes.

[0071] The present applicant does not see any immediate embodiments of the present invention that may use applications of continuously placing or forming high mass in a low mass column that may take advantage of a cascade cycle, as the cascade cycle is possible due to the conserved pressure ofthe air, gases, or vapor used via partial expansion within the cycle that may thus form new Potential Energies of Position within a cascade of power cycles, with each cycle operating at a lower pressure and each cycle being less powerful.

[0072] A Potential Energy of Position generator that includes a refrigeration cycle may be formed as described herein and Fig. 11. The vapor phase of a low-boiling-point-liquid may be condensed at substantial height to form a liquid column that applies a hydrostatic pressure to operate a hydro-turbine that produces mechanical drive via the Potential Energy of Position created by continuously condensing vapor to liquid to maintain a liquid column that powers the turbine via the columns hydrostatic pressure.

[0073] The turbine is attached to a compressor that is driven by the turbine. The liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid is evaporated after it passes through the turbine to produce refrigeration via vaporization ofthe liquid phase low- boiling-point-liquid within a vaporizer. The vapor formed via vaporization is compressed by the compressor and the heat of compression is formed within the vapor. The hot pressurized vapor is cooled via heat rejection to a flow of cool air and the vapor is cooled and condensed at height in a condenser to provide liquid to maintain the column filled with liquid in a cycle, in which vapor is condensed to liquid at the same rate as liquid flows through the turbine.

[0074] The above described embodiment ofthe present invention that creates Potential Energy of Position refrigeration / heating cycle to produce useful refrigeration as the liquid is vaporized and produces useful heat as the hot compressed vapor is condensed; and, therefore, may be used for climate control within an enclosed area.

[0075] The above described embodiment of the present invention that creates the powered refrigeration / heating cycle produces useful refrigeration as the liquid is vaporized and produces useful heat as the hot compressed vapor is condensed may be use to provide heat to vaporize liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid as the hot compressed vapor is condensed and to provide refrigeration to condense the vapor formed via the heat back to the liquid phase via refrigeration created as the liquid is vaporized in the Potential Energy of Position refrigeration / heating cycle.

[0076] The high pressure vapor formed as described above via the heat of compression via the Potential Energy of Position generator refrigeration / heating cycle may be used in a cascade cycle (as Shown in Fig. 11) to generate additional power.

[0077] A geothermal heat pipe using the Potential Energy of Position may be beneficially used to obtain useful heat from the earth as it generates power (Shown in Fig. 8). The geothermal heat pipe power cycle disclosed herein consists of two separate heat pipes. A second heat pipe lifts heat from deeper within the earth and rejects the heat to liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid within the first heat pipe that via vaporization and condensation removes the combined heat lifted by both the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe from the geothermal well to the surface within a condenser.

[0078] The heat produced by the condenser would be of a temperature of only a few degrees below the temperature of vaporization within the geothermal well in a single pressure system, as the temperature of vaporization and condensation may be only a few degrees apart in a single pressure system. This potentially high quality heat may be used to power a second vapor lift power cycle via vaporization of liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid into high pressure vapor or may be used for any use in which heat would normally be used, such as heating of a home, building, etc. [0079] The geothermal heat pipe disclosed herein produces useful heat and generates mechanical drive via the Potential Energy of Position generated via a column of high mass liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid being formed within a low mass column of vapor. The condenser condenses the vapor back to liquid phase low- boiling-point-liquid that flows through the turbine's hollow shaft to the turbine located deep within the geothermal well. The shaft remains full of liquid via continuous condensation to form the Potential Energy of Position that maintains a constant hydrostatic liquid pressure that drives the turbine as the rate of condensation is equal to the rate of liquid flow through the turbine and the tube shaped shaft remains full of liquid.

[0080] The hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid column created via the Potential Energy of Position by positioning the formation ofthe liquid at height drives the turbine causing rotation ofthe hollow shaft that is connected to an electrical generator located on the surface that generates electrical power. The liquid flows through the turbine back to the geothermal well where it is vaporized and the vapor flows back to the condenser in a cycle.

[0081] Additional heat is delivered to the bottom ofthe geothermal well that forms a first heat pipe via a second heat pipe that extends from the bottom ofthe geothermal well within liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid to below the geothermal well via a packer into hotter earth having greater depth. The second sealed heat pipe contains a liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid working fluid that vaporizes via the greater heat and generates vapor that rises within the second heat pipe due to its vapor pressure. The vapor condenses within the cooler liquid phase low-boiling-point- liquid ofthe first heat pipe, rejecting the heat lifted via vaporization ofthe liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid ofthe second heat pipe to the liquid phase low-boiling- point-liquid ofthe first heat pipe via the latent heat of condensation.

[0082] The heat provided to the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid of the first heat pipe by the second heat pipe adds heat to assist in the vaporization ofthe liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid ofthe first heat pipe to vapor and provides a greater quantity of heat that may be obtained from the geothermal heat pipe power cycle ofthe present invention. The vapor via condensation within the condenser removes the heat lifted by the geothermal heat pipe disclosed herein, which consists of two separate individual heat pipes that lift heat from the geothermal well. [0083] Alternately, a series of heat pipes may radiate outward and downward from the bottom ofthe first heat pipe so that additional area in which heat may be extracted is made available. This would be accomplished by directional drilling initiated at the bottom ofthe first heat pipe (geothermal well) to drill a series of new well bores radiating outward and downward from the geothermal well (This embodiment ofthe present invention is Not Shown).

[0084] As disclosed herein heat pipes may be beneficially used within a ground loop cooling heat exchange system in a cycle (Shown in Fig. 2). This cycle may also be used to extract useful heat from the ground using heat pipes. However, in order to accomplish heat removal certain modifications are required: (1) the ends of the heat pipe must reverse; and, (2) the angle at which the heat pipes radiate out from the central ground loop must reverse, h order to reject heat vaporization takes place at the heat source and the heat pipes radiate away from the loop in an outward and upward direction, because the end ofthe heat pipe where condensation takes place must be higher than the elevation than that ofthe end ofthe heat pipe at which vaporization takes place, so that the liquid formed via condensation may flow back to the heat source via gravity within the sealed heat pipe.

[0085] When used to extract heat from the earth, condensation takes place within the ground loop so that the heat pipe rejects heat to the water flowing within the ground loop. Thus, the condensation end ofthe heat pipe must be placed in the flowing water ofthe ground loop which must be at a higher elevation than the opposite end ofthe heat pipe where vaporization takes place via the heat energy ofthe earth; therefore, the heat pipes must radiate away from the loop in an outward and downward direction so that the liquid ,can flow back deeper in the earth to perform vaporization in a cycle via the earth's heat. In order to extract heat from the earth, the loop is nearer to the surface and the heat pipes radiate outward and downward. In order to reject heat to the earth, the loop is located at a lower elevation and the heat pipes radiate outward and upward.

[0086] An innovative embodiment of a ground loop heat exchange unit disclosed herein may be created by having heat pipes radiate outward and downward as well as outward and upward from the central ground loop so that the ground loop heat exchange unit may be useful in both the extraction of heat from the earth and the rejection of heat to the earth in a reversible mode. [0087] Vaporizers and condensers useful in power cycles and useful in refrigeration may be constructed using heat pipes to more efficiently transfer heat in order to carry out vaporization or to carry out condensation, using the geometry as described above as relates to the need to correctly radiate the heat pipes in regards to the requirement of gravity flow ofthe liquid phase to the place of vaporization. The process detailed herein ofthe innovation of use of heat pipes in ground loop cooling and heat extraction systems, power cycles, and refrigeration cycles shall be presented in a more complete manner in a continuation of this Provisional Patent Application by the applicant to be filed at a later date.

[0088] The total amount of energy derived may potentially be many times greater as a result ofthe Potential Energy of Position being added to the kinetic energy of motion (pressure) via the above described processes disclosed herein because the Potential Energy of Position may potentially far exceed the kinetic energy of a given body of mass as the given amount of energy generated via the Potential Energy of Position varies with the position in which the body of mass is placed or formed, but remarkably may often be achieved with the same energy input.

[0089] A relative comparison ofthe two energies will help to explain the greater energy. If a given mass of propane is vaporized and then passes through a mass flow turbine, the amount of energy produced is relatively small due to the low mass ofthe propane vapor. However, the same given mass of propane vapor when positioned in a liquid may displace a very large quantity ofthe high mass liquid due to the dramatic increase in volume (270 times the volume ofthe liquid phase) when vaporized and expanded, thus producing an enormous lifting force and water flow force via two Potential Energies of Position with the large volume of high mass water passing through the turbine. Due to the mass flow of water through the turbine the output energy may be many times greater than the amount of energy provided by the kinetic energy alone via the flow of low mass vapor through the mass flow turbine alone.

[0090] The quantity of energy obtainable from a body of mass via the Potential Energy of Position relates to the actual position in which the mass is placed. For example if a rock is placed one foot from the ground it only has a fraction ofthe Potential Energy of Position of a rock placed one thousand feet from the ground. As the rock falls from one thousand feet from the ground its Potential Energy is converted to kinetic energy of motion and by the time it reaches twenty feet from the ground it has far less Potential Energy of Position than it possessed when it was one thousand feet from the ground. Therefore, the more favorably that a body of mass may be located in regards to its Potential Energy of Position; the greater the amount of kinetic energy that may be derived from placing the body of mass in that position. The ability: (1) to continuously place or to form low mass vapor at great depth in a high mass liquid column; and, (2) to continuously place or to form high mass liquid at great height within a low mass vapor column; and, (3) to continuously alter the mass of a column. The amount of energy output is directly proportional to the height or depth at which the body of mass is continuously placed or formed. The processes ofthe present patent application may generate many times the output of energy than the input of energy required to operate the process, which explains why so much energy may be achieved by the embodiments disclosed herein and previously disclosed in the above referenced Provisional Patent Applications.

[0091] Another way of looking at harnessing the Potential Energies of Position is that gravity is being harnessed. Certainly, harnessing gravity is an old concept, but no practical processes to do so have ever been devised. However, the present patent application provides innovative and practical methods that can take advantage ofthe effects of gravity by using the science of mass differentials — the variance in the pull of gravity on masses of different densities allows embodiments of the present invention herein disclosed to harness energy via the Potential Energies of Position from mass differentials caused by the earth's gravitational pull.

[0092] The Potential Energies of Position may not be harnessed in the weightlessness of outer space as the processes that use the Potential Energies of Position require gravitation pull in order to exploit the differential in density of masses, because the gravitation pull is greater on high mass than it is on lower mass. Therefore, the science of Potential Energies of Position is an earth based or planet based technology that is not applicable to outer space, unless an artificial gravity is generated via rotation or the technology herein disclosed is used on a planet having a reasonably strong gravitational pull.

[0093] Another observation by the present applicant is that the Potential Energies of Position are responsible for many natural processes on the earth. For example, water is vaporized on the earth's surface by the heat ofthe sun and the water vapor rises into the sky within our atmosphere where it is condensed due to a decrease in temperature with altitude. The condensation falls due to the Potential Energies of Position of being high liquid mass in a low mass vapor column (the air), which provides us with rain, wind, and lightning due to the frictional forces ofthe falling water causing static electricity. Our weather is, therefore, a result ofthe Potential Energies of Position, generated by forming a liquid within a vapor column.

[0094] Referring now to one or more embodiments as illustrated in the Figures, Fig. 1 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method with air compression power generation. Atmospheric air (4) possessing thermal energy is compressed via air compressor (5). Heat is formed due to compression ofthe air (4). The hot compressed air (4) flows into vaporizer / condenser (7) in order to vaporize liquid phase water (2) into low pressure water vapor (3), extracting the heat generated from compression ofthe atmospheric air (4).

[0095] The compressed air (4) is cooled by heat given off in order to supply the latent heat of vaporization required to vaporize the water (2). The cool compressed air (4) flows through lines (11) to air injector (6) that injects the cool compressed air (4) into lift tube (9) that is filled with water (2) forming a column of water (2). A lifting force is initiated due the Potential Energies of Position created by placing the cool compressed air (4) having low mass in the high mass column of water (2) and air bubbles (10), formed via air (4) injection into the water (2), rise up the tube (9) due to the lifting force ofthe bubbles (10).

[0096] The formation of the air bubbles (10) within the column of water (2) within the lift tube (9) causes a reduction in the mass ofthe column of water (2) within the tube (9). The column of water (2) within the lift tube (9) is fluidly connected to the supply tube (15) that supplies water (2) to the lift tube (9) via Venturi valve (16). The Venturi valve (16) reduces the area in which the water (2) is allowed to flow causing an increase in the velocity ofthe water (2) and causing a reduction in the pressure in the area outside the Venturi (16) that allows the compressed air (4) to more easily enter the lift tube (9). The supply tube (15) is filled with high mass water (2). The reduction in the mass ofthe water (2) within the lift tube (9) and resulting reduction in hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water (2) within the lift tube (9) causes a flow of water (2) to be initiated from the high mass supply tube (15) to the lift tube (9) due to the greater hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of high mass water (2) in the supply tube (15) due to the Potential Energy of Position generated by the formation ofthe air bubbles (10) within the lift tube (15). [0097] The water (2) containing the pressurized air bubbles (15) flows from the lift tube (9) into turbine (17), causing rotation ofthe shaft (18) ofthe turbine

(17) that is connected to generator (19) and electricity (20) is generated. The shaft

(18) penetrates the housing (25) through bearings and seals (26). After passing through the turbine (17) contained within housing (25) connected to the top ofthe lift tube (9), the water (2) returns to the supply tube (15) via gravity and the expanded and cooled air (4) flows through lines (27) into water separator (28) that removes any remaining water (2) vapor from the air (4).

[0098] The cool air (4) then flows to condenser (31) in order to condense low-boiling-point-liquid vapor (30) to the liquid phase (29). The air (4) expands as its pressure drops passing through the turbine (17) due to the Joules-Thompson effect and isentropic work performed by the air (4) that causes cooling ofthe air (4).

[0099] Water (2) is supplied through lines (35) via pump (36) and through throttle (37) to vaporizer / condenser (7). Heat provided via compression of atmospheric air (4) performed by compressor (5) vaporizes the water (2) within a vacuum that is maintained by vacuum pump (38) to form water vapor (3). The water vapor (3) flows through lines (8) to condenser / vaporizer (45) where the water vapor (3) is condensed to water (2) at height to form a Potential Energy of Position. Heat is given off from the water vapor (3) to the vaporizer / condenser (45) as it is condensed via the latent heat of condensation. The heat given off from the water vapor (3) within vaporizer / condenser (45) vaporizes liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (29) into high pressure vapor (30).

[00100] The water (2) formed via condenser / vaporizer (45) flows into tank (46) that remains filled with water (2) in order to apply a continuous hydrostatic pressure to drive turbine (50). The water (2) flows through supply tube (47) and through throttle (48) that causes the tank (46) to remain full by regulating the supply of water (2) exiting the tank (46) to turbine (50) within housing (49). Turbine (50) provides mechanical drive to generator (55) via shaft (58) and the generator (55) generates electricity (56). The water (2) may be re-circulated back to condenser / vaporizer (7) in a cycle or may exit via lines (57) to be used for any purpose in which water (2) is normally used.

[00101] Liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (29) formed within condenser (31) flows through lines (41) to pump (40) and is pressurized through volume control valve (42) into condenser / vaporizer (45) where heat given off from the water vapor (3) vaporizes the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (29) into high pressure vapor (30). The vapor (30) flows through lines (60) to air injector (61) that injects the vapor (30) into lift tube (70) that is filled with water (2) forming a column of water (2). A lifting force is initiated due the Potential Energy of Position created by placing the vapor (30) having low mass in the high mass water (2) and the vapor bubbles (71) rise up the tube (70) due to a lifting force.

[00102] The formation of the vapor bubbles (71) within the column of water (2) within the lift tube (70) causes a reduction in the mass ofthe column of water (2) within the tube (70). The column of water (2) within the lift tube (70) is fluidly connected to the supply tube (65) that supplies water (2) to the lift tube (70) via Venturi valve (62). The Venturi valve (62) reduces the area in which the water (2) is allowed to flow and reduces the pressure in the area outside the Venturi (62) that allows the vapor (30) to more easily enter the lift tube (70). The supply tube (65) is filled with high mass water (2). The reduction in the mass ofthe water (2) and resulting reduction in hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water (2) within the lift tube (70) causes a flow of water (2) to be initiated from the high mass supply tube (65) to the lift tube (70) due to the greater hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of high mass water (2) in the supply tube (65) due to the Potential Energy of Position generated by the formation ofthe vapor bubbles (71) within the lift tube (70).

[00103] The water (2) containing the pressurized vapor bubbles (71) flows from the lift tube (70) into turbine (74), causing rotation ofthe shaft (83) ofthe turbine (74) that is connected to generator (81) and electricity (80) is generated. The shaft (83) penetrates the housing (75) through bearings and seals (182). After passing through the turbine (74) contained within housing (75) connected to the top ofthe lift tube (70), the water (2) returns to the supply tube (65) via gravity and the expanded vapor (30) flows through lines (73) into water separator (72) that removes any remaining water (2) vapor, then flows to condenser (31) in order to condense the low- boiling-point-liquid vapor (30) back to the liquid phase (29). The liquid (29) returns to the pump (40) in a cycle.

[00104] The electricity (56) generated by generator (55) supplies electrical power (56) to air compressor (5) and to water pump (36). The electricity (80) generated by generator (81) supplies electrical power (80) to liquid phase low-boiling- point-liquid pump (40) and to vacuum pump (38). The electricity (20) generated via generator (19) is available for any use as desired. [00105] Water (2) is supplied to fill the supply tube (15) and the lift tube (9) via supply line (12). Water (2) is supplied to fill the supply tube (65) and the lift tube (70) via supply line (63). A concrete slab (64) is formed at ground level (14) to provide stability to the lift tubes (9 & 70) and supply tubes (15 & 65) that extend below ground level (14).

[00106] The lift tubes (9 & 70) and the supply tubes (15 & 65) as well as the housings (25 & 75) are all well insulated (not shown) in order to prevent detrimental cooling ofthe vapor side tubes (65 & 70) that would cause less vapor pressure or might prematurely condense the vapor (30); and, detrimental heating of the air side tubes (9 & 15) that would cause less refrigeration via expansion.

[00107] Fig. 2 is an illustration of another embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method with air compression power generation. In this embodiment, the system harnesses thermal energy within the atmosphere via the innovate use of Potential Energies of Position. Atmospheric air (7) possessing thermal energy is compressed via air compressor (35). Heat is formed due to compression ofthe air (7). The hot compressed air (7) flows into vaporizer (28) in order to vaporize liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (40) into high pressure vapor (30), extracting the heat generated from compression ofthe atmospheric air (7).

[00108] The compressed air (7) is cooled by heat given off in order to supply the heat required to vaporize the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (40). The cool compressed air (7) flows through lines (31) to air injector (25) that injects the cool compressed air (7) into lift tube (18) that is filled with water (17) forming a column of water (17). A lifting force is initiated due the Potential Energy of Position created by placing the cool compressed air (7) having low mass in the high mass water (17) and the air bubbles (21) rise up the tube (18) due to a lifting force.

[00109] The formation ofthe air bubbles (21) within the column of water (17) within the lift tube (18) causes a reduction in the mass ofthe column of water (17) within the tube (18). The column of water (17) within the lift tube (18) is fluidly connected to the supply tube (20) that supplies water (17) to the lift tube (18) via Venturi valve (24). The Venturi valve (24) reduces the area in which the water (17) is allowed to flow and reduces the pressure in the area outside the Venturi (24) that allows the compressed air (7) to more easily enter the lift tube (18). The supply tube (20) is filled with high mass water (17). The reduction in the mass ofthe water (17) and resulting reduction in hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water (17) within the lift tube (18) causes a flow of water (17) to be initiated from the high mass supply tube (20) to the lift tube (18) due to the greater hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of high mass water (17) in the supply tube (20) due to the Potential Energy of Position generated by the formation ofthe air bubbles (21) within the lift tube (18).

[00110] The water (17) containing the pressurized air bubbles (21) flows from the lift tube (18) into turbine (16), causing rotation ofthe shaft (13) ofthe turbine (16) that is connected to generator (11) and electricity (14) is generated. The shaft (13) penetrates the housing (15) through bearings and seals (10). After passing through the turbine (16) contained within housing (15) connected to the top ofthe lift tube (18), the water (17) returns to the supply tube (20) via gravity and the expanded and cooled air (7) flows through lines (12) into water separator (9) that removes any remaining water (7) vapor, then flows to condenser (8) in order to condense low- boiling-point-liquid vapor (30) to the liquid phase (40). The air (7) expands as its pressure drops passing through the turbine (16) due to the Joules-Thompson effect and isentropic work performed by the air (7) that causes cooling ofthe air (7).

[00111] Liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (40) is pressurized by pump 37 through volume control valve (23) into vaporizer (28) where heat from the compressed air (7) vaporizes the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (40) into high pressure vapor (30). The vapor (30) flows through lines (22) to air injector (33) that injects the high pressure vapor (30) into lift tube (19) that is filled with water (39) forming a column of water (39). A lifting force is initiated due the Potential Energy of Position created by placing the vapor (30) having low mass in the high mass water (39) and the vapor bubbles (36) rise up the tube (19) due to a lifting force.

[00112] The formation ofthe vapor bubbles (36) within the column of water (39) within the lift tube (19) causes a reduction in the mass ofthe column of water (39) within the tube (19). The column of water (39) within the lift tube (19) is fluidly connected to the supply tube (10) that supplies water (39) to the lift tube (19) via Venturi valve (34). The Venturi valve (34) reduces the area in which the water (39) is allowed to flow and reduces the pressure in the area outside the Venturi (34) that allows the vapor (30) to more easily enter the lift tube (19). The supply tube (10) is filled with high mass water (39). The reduction in the mass ofthe water (39) and resulting reduction in hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water (39) within the lift tube (19) causes a flow of water (39) to be initiated from the high mass supply tube (10) to the lift tube (19) due to the greater hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of high mass water (39) in the supply tube (10) due to the Potential Energy of Position generated by the formation ofthe vapor bubbles (36) within the lift tube (19).

[00113] The water (39) containing the pressurized vapor bubbles (36) flows from the lift tube (19) into turbine (46), causing rotation ofthe shaft (49) ofthe turbine (46) that is comiected to generator (3) and electricity (2) is generated. The shaft (49) penetrates the housing (48) through bearings and seals (4). After passing through the turbine (46) contained within housing (48) connected to the top ofthe lift tube (19), the water (39) returns to the supply tube (10) via gravity and the expanded vapor (30) flows through lines (5) into water separator (6) that removes any remaining water (39) vapor, then flows to condenser (8) in order to condense low-boiling-point- liquid vapor (30) back to the liquid phase (40). The liquid (40) returns to the pump (37) via supply pipe (38).

[00114] Supply pipe (38) acts as the reservoir holding the supply of liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid vapor (40) and remains full of liquid (40) in order to form a Potential Energy of Position that assists the pump (37) by providing a hydrostatic pressure that reduces the amount of energy required to operate the pump (37). The Potential Energy of Position is created by condensing the vapor (30) back to liquid (40) at height and by maintaining the supply pipe (38) full of liquid (40) to create the beneficial hydrostatic pressure.

[00115] The electricity (14) generated by generator (11) supplies electrical power (14) to pump (37) and to air compressor (35). The electricity (2) generated by generator (3) is available for any use as desired.

[00116] Water (17) is supplied to fill the supply tube (20) and the lift tube (18) via supply line (26). Water (39) is supplied to fill the supply tube (10) and the lift tube (19) via supply line (32). A concrete slab (29) is formed at ground level (27) to provide stability to the lift tubes (18 & 19) and supply tubes (10 & 20) that extend below ground level (27).

[00117] The lift tubes (18 & 19) and the supply tubes (10 & 20) as well as the housings (15 & 48) are all well insulated (not shown) in order to prevent detrimental cooling ofthe vapor side tubes (10 & 19) that would cause less vapor pressure or might prematurely condense the vapor (30); and, detrimental heating of the air side tubes (18 & 20) that would cause less refrigeration via expansion. [00118] Solar heat collectors (43) provide a supplemental heat source to the heat obtained by air (7) compression via air compressor (25). Obtaining more heat allows the vapor phase ofthe low-boiling-point-liquid (30) to potentially have a higher vapor (30) pressure and potentially a greater quantity of liquid phase low- boiling-point-liquid (40) may be vaporized into vapor (30) via the greater quantity of heat available from the solar heat collectors (43).

[00119] A ground loop cooling unit (41) provides additional cooling to the water (17) used on the compressed air (7) side ofthe power cycle. A heat exchanger

(44) removes heat from the water (17) and rejects heat to a working fluid (45) that flows through the unit (41). The heat is then rejected to the ground below the surface (27) via the ground loop cooling unit (41) that innovatively uses heat pipes (42). The working fluid (45) flows through the ground loop cooling unit (41) containing heat that vaporizes liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid contained within the sealed heat pipes (42) into vapor that condenses at the opposite end ofthe pipe. One end ofthe heat pipes (42) enters into the flow of working fluid (45) and the opposite end ofthe pipes (42) are a distance away from the working fluid (45) so that heat removed from the working fluid (45) is rejected further away. The heat pipes (42) vary in length and vary in the angles at which they radiate out from the central supply of working fluid

(45) flowing through the cooling unit (41).

[00120] Cooling ofthe water (17) accomplished by the ground loop cooling unit (41) allows the water (17) to act as a heat exchange medium to remove additional heat from the air (7) injected into the water (17). Heat from the air (17) is transferred to the water (17) that is then transferred to the working fluid (45) in the ground loop cooling unit (41) that uses heat pipe (42) to reject the heat to the ground. This results in greater refrigeration effect when the air (7) is expanded in the turbine (16), which allows greater condensation in the condenser (8) due to the colder air, which allows more vapor (30) to be condensed.

[00121] Fig. 3 is an illustration of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method with an air-lift turbine generator. A closed circulation U-shaped loop is formed within a geothermal well casing (17) that extends into the earth, having an insulated center pipe (15) that is open to the casing ofthe well (17) at the bottom ofthe well (17) so that a first liquid working fluid (19) may flow downward into the well (17) between the annulus formed between the outer casing (17) and the inner pipe (15) and flow upward through the insulated inner pipe (15) at the bottom ofthe geothermal well (17), which is capped at the bottom ofthe well (17) to fonn a U-shaped closed loop and the working fluid (19) remains in continuous circulation within the loop.

[00122] Gas lift pumping to power a turbine (9) and to power the circulation ofthe liquid (19) within the closed U-shaped loop is created by injection of a liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid second working fluid (13) at depth within the center pipe (15) deep within the geothermal well (17). The liquid phase low- boiling-point-liquid second working fluid (13) is injected into the first working fluid (19) that contains high temperature as a result of being heated by the thermal energy within the earth during its circulation to the bottom ofthe geothermal well (17). The second working fluid (13) is vaporized into high pressure vapor (4) by the heat ofthe first working fluid (19) to form a Potential Energy of Position. The depth of injection must be at a depth such that the vapor pressure ofthe second working fluid (13) at the temperature of vaporization is greater than the hydrostatic pressure ofthe first working fluid (19) at that depth so that the second working fluid (13) is allowed to vaporize into high pressure vapor (4).

[00123] The high pressure vapor (4) displaces a significant volume ofthe first liquid working fluid (19) and reduces the mass ofthe liquid column of first liquid working fluid (19), such as water. The mass volume of displacement of liquid (19) by vapor (4) that has much lower mass causes an imbalance ofthe mass ofthe two columns, the downward flowing column with no vapor displacement and the upward flowing column having high pressure vapor (4) displacement, which results in movement ofthe greater mass column flowing toward the lower mass column due to the imbalance of hydrostatic pressure due to the Potential Energy of Position of continuously placing low mass vapor within a high mass liquid column to create a mass differential caused by the pull of gravity.

[00124] The liquid working fluid (19) is forced upward by the effect ofthe vapor rising (4) in the greater mass liquid (19) and by the hydrostatic pressure applied by the high mass column. The effect of mass displacement is further enhanced due to expansion ofthe vapor (4) as it rises toward the surface and the hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid (19) is lessened allowing the vapor (4) to expand, causing more liquid (19) to be displaced and causing a greater mass imbalance ofthe two columns. Thus gas lift pumping and continuous circulation ofthe first liquid working fluid (13) is accomplished via harnessing the Potential Energies of Position. [00125] The liquid (19) and high pressure vapor (4) flow to the surface within the insulated center pipe (15) and enter the turbine (9) through the shaft (7) which is hollow. The shaft (7) contains holes within it to allow the liquid (19) and high pressure vapor (4) to flow from the shaft (7) into the drum section (10) ofthe turbine (9). The drum section (10) allows free passage ofthe liquid (19) and high pressure vapor (4) within in the drum section (10). The drum section (10) has jets (not shown) along its outer circumference to exhaust the liquid (19) and high pressure vapor (4) backward, causing an equal an opposite reaction forward (jet propulsion thrust) that rotates the shaft (7) and drum section ofthe turbine (9) together.

[00126] The shaft (7) ofthe turbine (9) is connected to an alternator (6) that generates a supply of electricity (8). The turbine's (9) housing forms a dome shaped cavity that is submerged below the surface level (2) liquid working fluid (19) in order to reduce the head lift pumping requirement ofthe gas lift pump effect, such that the U-shaped closed loop is flooded — the inlets to the loop are below the surface level (2) ofthe liquid working fluid (19) so that the working fluid (19) is circulated and not actually lifted above the surface level (2) in order to conserve energy.

[00127] The dome shaped cavity ofthe turbine's housing causes vapor (4) exiting from the turbine (9) to fill the cavity, which allows the turbine (9) to rotate more freely than if it were submerged totally within the liquid (19). The liquid (19) and vapor (4) must go below the housing ofthe turbine (9) in order to exit through an exhaust outlet (20) that is below the liquid's surface level (2) and is connected to the liquid reservoir / separator (3).

[00128] Upon exiting the turbine (9), the liquid (19) and vapor (4) flow into the liquid reservoir / separator (3) through outlet (20). Within the liquid reservoir / separator (3) that maintains the supply ofthe liquid (19) and maintains the surface level (2) ofthe liquid (19) above the height ofthe turbine (9) so that the turbine (9) is submerged below the liquid's (19) surface level (2). The vapor (4), having reduced pressure and temperature, rises above the surface (2) ofthe liquid (19), which causes separation ofthe vapor (4) from the liquid (19).

[00129] Liquid (19) level sensors (23) detect the liquid's level (2) within the reservoir / separator (3) and causes either the discharge of excess liquid (19) or the replacement of lost liquid (19), in the event of low liquid (19) surface (2) levels. Liquid (19) is supplied to or discharged from the reservoir / separator (3) through liquid inlet (24). Before startup ofthe unit (1), it must be filled with liquid (19). After startup, vapor (4) will displace liquid volume (19) causing a rise in the liquid level (2) that may be discharged until equilibrium is reached and the operating level (2) ofthe liquid (19) remains constant within an acceptable range thereafter so long as the unit (1) is in operation. If the unit (1) is shutdown, it may be necessary to replace the discharged liquid (19) before the unit (1) may be restarted again. Some minor replacement of liquid (19) may be necessary during operation over time.

[00130] The liquid (19) is drawn downward by the gas lift pumping effect previously described and is circulated through the closed loop within the geothermal well (17) to receive additional heat (thermal energy) from the earth in a cycle.

[00131 ] The vapor (4) flows through lines (5) from the liquid reservoir / separator (3) to the condenser (11). Within the condenser (11) heat is rejected to the environment and the vapor phase low-boiling-point-liquid (4) changes to the liquid phase (13). A fan (12) blows air (25) across heat exchange tubes (21) in which the vapor (4) flows. Heat is removed from the vapor (4) to the air (25), cooling the vapor (4), causing condensation. It may be noted that any form of environment heat rejection would work equally well, such as cooling water, a cooling tower, ground loop cooling, etc. and that heat rejection in order to accomplish condensation ofthe vapor (4) may also be accomplished by a refrigeration cycle, such as an absorption cooling cycle powered by heat input from geothermal heat.

[00132] Fig. 4 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a lift force of hydrogen and oxygen generated via electrolysis at substantial depth. This includes hydrogen and oxygen gases lift apparatus (1) that produces hydrogen and oxygen gases, using the lifting force ofthe gases within a column of fresh water, salt water, or an electrolyte.

[00133] A continuous loop formed by a connecting chain (13) that supports individual open ended containers (14) that make an oval path around an upper sprocket (15) located near the surface ofthe water (4) and around a lower sprocket (10) located deep within the water column. The sprockets (10 & 15) are supported by a frame (16) and are mounted on shafts (5 & 11). The frame (16) rests on the bottom (8) ofthe lake, ocean, pit, etc. in which the hydrogen and oxygen gases lift apparatus (1) is located. The containers (14) are made of electrically conductive metal, such as copper, and pass through powerful permanent or electromagnets (12) and generate an electrical current (9). [00134] During the upward part ofthe loop the open end ofthe containers (14) opens downward. The electrical current (9) flows to electrolysis units (7) located below the open end ofthe individual containers (14) during the upward part ofthe loop. Electrolysis takes place and hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) are formed. The gases (6) enter the open end ofthe containers (14) and remain in the containers (14) until they are emptied in a sealed area (2) at the surface (4) and is withdrawn from the sealed area (2) through line (3). During the time in which the gases (6) remain in the containers (14) they provide a lift force that is applied to connecting chain (13) via the Potential Energy of Position by fonning low mass hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) within high mass liquid (4) to produce a powerful lifting force..

[00135] The lift applied to the chain (13) increases as more containers are filled with gases (6). The lift force rotates the chain (13) and containers (14) around the sprockets (10 & 15) and provides the force needed to pull the containers (14) through the magnets (12) to generate the electrical cunent (9) via harnessing the Potential Energy of Position. Electrolysis begins in each container (14) as soon as the container (14) starts moving upward along the loop and continues until the container (14) receives the desired volume of gases (6).

[00136] Fig. 5 is an illustration of another embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a lift force of hydrogen and oxygen generated via electrolysis at substantial depth. This apparatus includes a hydrogen and oxygen gases lift apparatus (1) that operates within a well drilled into the earth having and outer casing (14) that is capped (13) at the bottom of the well and having an inner center pipe (11) in which hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) lift takes place. The closed circulation of water (9) is formed via a downward flow of water (9) through an annular area (18) formed by the outside ofthe center pipe (11) and the inside ofthe well casing (14). The annular area (18) is fluidly connected to the area within the center pipe (11) by a fluid connection made at the bottom ofthe well (14) through electrolysis unit (12).

[00137] The electrolysis unit (12) at the bottom ofthe well (14) is located inside the center pipe (11). Water or an electrolyte (9) is transformed into hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) via electrolysis performed by the electrolysis unit (12). The gases (6) rise upward through the center pipe (11) and the gas bubbles (6) expand as they rise. The formation of gases (6) deep within the water column (9) causes a reduction in the mass ofthe water column (9) within the center pipe (11) forming a low mass column of water (9) within the center column. The hydrostatic pressure of the high mass column formed in the annular area (18) exerts hydrostatic pressure against the low mass column within the center pipe (11) and hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) lift pumping is produced via the Potential Energies of Position created via the gravitational pull ofthe earth. Expansion ofthe gases (6) as they rise to lower pressure within the center pipe (11) causes expansion ofthe gases (6) displacing more water (9) and causes further lowering ofthe mass ofthe water column within the center pipe, hi addition the rising motion ofthe gas bubbles (6) push water (9) upward. Two Potential Energies of Position are formed via the continuous formation of hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) within the well; a powerful lifting force and a powerful flow of water from the high mass column to the low mass column due to mass differentials caused by the gravitational pull ofthe earth.

[00138] The water (9) and high pressure gases (6) pass through a drum jet turbine (16) located within a sphere (5) that captures the hydrogen and oxygen gases (6). Rotation ofthe turbine (16) is created by jet propulsion force as the pressurized water and hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) jet out of ports (not shown) along the outer circumference ofthe turbine (16), causing an equal and opposite rotational force of the turbine (16). The turbine (16) is supported by a frame (15) inside ofthe sphere (5) and the sphere (5) is externally supported by a frame (8) that extends to the ground (10).

[00139] The sphere (5) acts a separator ofthe water (9) and the hydrogen and oxygen gases (6). The gases (6) rise above the surface (7) ofthe water and are removed from the sphere (5). The water (9) passes downward into the annular area (18). Makeup water or electrolyte (9) is supplied to the sphere via line (19) and the water (9) level is maintained higher than the elevation ofthe turbine (16) in order to maintain significant hydrostatic pressure ofthe high mass column in the annular area (18) that is supplied by water (9) contained in the sphere (9).

[00140] The gases (6) flow into the turbine (6) through a hollow shaft (17) that extends through the turbine (6) and penetrates the sphere (5) via seals and bearings (4) and provides mechanical drive to an electrical generator (3) located outside ofthe sphere (5). The generator (3) generates a DC or AC electrical current (2). All or a portion ofthe current (2) flows to the electrolysis unit (12) to provide power for electrolysis. [00141 ] In the event sufficient energy is not derived from gas lift (6) pumping in order to generate enough electrical power (2) to drive the electrolysis unit (12), a portion ofthe hydrogen and oxygen gases (6) may be combusted to operate a turbine (not shown) and an electrical generator (not shown) to provide such additional energy as is needed. The overall process is believed to be over unity due to the efficiency ofthe gas lift mechanism that provides energy due to the physics of performing electrolysis at great depth to provide the lift force.

[00142] Fig. 8 is an illustration a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a geothermal heat pipe that produces useful heat and generates mechanical drive via a column of high mass liquid phase low-boiling- point-liquid (2) being formed within a low mass column of vapor (5). The geothermal heat pipe power cycle (1) ofthe present invention consist of two separate heat pipes. A geothermal well that forms a first heat pipe (3) and a second heat pipe (20) lifts heat from deeper within the earth and rejects the heat to liquid phase low-boiling-point- liquid (2) within the first heat pipe (3) that via vaporization and condensation removes the combined heat lifted by both the first heat pipe (3) and the second heat pipe (20) from the geothermal well (3) to the surface (4) within condenser (7). The upper zone ofthe geothermal well (3) is insulated via insulation (27) to prevent detrimental condensation ofthe vapor (5) within the cooler zone nearer to the surface (4).

[00143] Liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) is vaporized into pressurized vapor (5) via geothermal heat within a geothermal well (3) that extends into the earth below ground level (4). The vapor (5) rises through annular area (6) to the surface (4) and flows through line (11) to condenser (7). Useful heat is obtained via the thermal energy in the earth within the condenser (7) that rejects heat to a working fluid (8) that removes the heat from the condenser (7). The working fluid (8) may be used to provide heat for a home, office, commercial building, etc.

[00144] The condenser (7) condenses the vapor (5) back to liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) that flows through line (9) to collector (10). Turbine shaft (15) is positioned within the center of collector (10). The turbine shaft (15) extends from a turbine (26) located deep within the geothermal well (3) to an electrical generator (16) located above ground level (4) at the surface and connects the turbine (26) to the generator (16). The turbine shaft (15) is hollow and forms a tube. The hollow shaft (15) is filled with liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) via holes (17) in the shaft (15) located within the collector (10). [00145] A liquid (2) column is formed that extends from the condenser (8) through line (9) through collector (10) and through shaft (15) to the turbine (26) (such as a drum jet turbine) in order to create a Potential Energy of Position. Condensation must take place at a rate equal to the flow of liquid (2) through the turbine (26) in order to constantly keep the liquid (2) column filled. If the liquid (2) level within the column drops, the hydrostatic pressure exerted due to the height ofthe liquid (2) within the column will also drop and the turbine's (26) output will also fall. Throttle (28) maintains the rate at which liquid (2) may flow through the turbine (26) and maintains the liquid (2) level within the column.

[00146] The hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid (2) column created via the Potential Energy of Position by positioning the formation ofthe liquid (2) at height drives the turbine (26) causing rotation ofthe shaft (15) connected to the generator (16) that generates electrical power (18). The liquid (2) flows through the turbine back to the geothermal well (3).

[00147] Additional heat is delivered to the bottom ofthe geothermal well (3) via the second heat pipe (20) that extends from within the geothermal well (3) within liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) to below the geothennal well (3) via packer (25) into hotter earth having greater depth. The second sealed heat pipe (20) contains a liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (21) working fluid that vaporizes via the greater heat and generates vapor (19) that rises within the heat pipe (20) due to its vapor (19) pressure. The vapor (19) condenses within the cooler liquid phase low- boiling-point-liquid (2) ofthe first heat pipe (3) rejecting the heat lifted via vaporization ofthe liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (21) ofthe second heat pipe (20) to the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) via the latent heat of condensation.

[00148] The heat provided to the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) by the second heat pipe (20) adds heat to assist in the vaporization ofthe liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) to vapor (5) and provides a greater quantity of heat that may be obtained from the geothermal heat pipe power cycle (1) ofthe present invention. The vapor (5) via condensation within condenser (7) removes the heat lifted by the geothermal heat pipe (1) disclosed herein, which consists of two separate individual heat pipes that lift heat from the geothermal well (3).

[00149] If there is low cost heat available to vaporize a very high vapor pressure low-boiling-point-liquid into a high pressure gas, gas is capable of being continuously injected at substantial depth (Shown in Fig. 9). Fig. 9 also demonstrates the use ofthe heat of combustion and the heat of compression. Fig. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using wind energy, solar energy and combustible fuel energy. Line (6) represents the surface ofthe earth, or a rooftop, or a platform at high elevation. The system and method of Fig. 9 operates similar to the embodiment illustrated and discussed in regard to Fig. 1 where the geometry has all ofthe operational components above the line (6) that represents the surface if the outer supply tubes (7 & 16) are wells that are drilled into the earth, or if the line (6) represents the rooftop of a tall building with the components located on the rooftop, or if the line (6) represents the top of a tall tower of which the components are located on a platform at the top ofthe tower with the supply tubes (7 & 16) located below the rooftop or platform.

[00150] Fig. 9 discloses multiple heat sources that may used together to drive the cycle (1): a combustor (2) vaporizes liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid

(8) into high pressure vapor (9); and, solar heat pipes (previously used in Fig. 7) that collect solar heat vaporize liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) into high pressure vapor (9); and, an air compressor (11) provides both heat and pressurized air (15) via the heat of compression. The heat is used to vaporize liquid phase low-boiling-point- liquid (8) into high pressure vapor (9) used to power a vapor-lift cycle that is performed within supply tube (16) and the pressurized air (15) is used to power an airlift cycle that is performed within supply tube (7).; and, a wind air compressor (12) that provides both heat and pressurized air (15) via the heat of compression. The heat is used to vaporize liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) into high pressure vapor

(9) used to power a vapor-lift cycle that is performed within supply tube (16) and the pressurized air (15) is used to power an air-lift cycle that is performed within supply tube (7).

[00151] Air (15) from the atmosphere is compressed via compressor (11) or alternatively wind compressor (12). The air (15) is pressurized and the heat of compression is formed via compression. The compressed air (15) is cooled by heat given off in order to supply the heat required to vaporize the liquid phase low-boiling- point-liquid (8) within vaporizer (20). The cool compressed air (15) flows through lines (21) to air injector (25) that injects the cool compressed air (15) into lift tube (26) that is filled with water (27) forming a column of water (27). A lifting force is initiated due the Potential Energy of Position created by placing the cool compressed air (15) having low mass in the high mass water (27) and the air bubbles (28) rise up the tube (26) due to a lifting force. -

[00152] The formation of the air bubbles (28) within the column of water (27) within the lift tube (26) causes a reduction in the mass ofthe column of water (27) within the tube (26). The column of water (27) within the lift tube (26) is fluidly connected to the supply tube (7) that supplies water (27) to the lift tube (26) via Venturi valve (30). The Venturi valve (30) reduces the area in which the water (27) is allowed to flow and reduces the pressure in the area outside the Venturi (30) that allows the compressed air (15) to more easily enter the lift tube (26). The supply tube (7) is filled with high mass water (27). The reduction in the mass ofthe water (27) and resulting reduction in hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water (27) within the lift tube (26) causes a flow of water (27) to be initiated from the high mass supply tube (7) to the lift tube (16) due to the greater hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of high mass water (27) in the supply tube (7) due to the Potential Energy of Position generated by the formation ofthe air bubbles (28) within the lift tube (26).

[00153] The water (27) containing the pressurized air bubbles (28) flows from the lift tube (26) into turbine (31), causing rotation ofthe shaft (32) ofthe turbine (31) that is connected to generator (33) and electricity (34) is generated. The shaft (32) penetrates the housing (35) through bearings and seals (40). After passing through the turbine (31) contained within housing (35) connected to the top ofthe lift tube (26), the water (27) returns to the supply tube (7) via gravity and the expanded and cooled air (15) flows through lines (41) into water separator (42) that removes any remaining water (27) vapor, then flows to condenser (43) in order to condense low-boiling-point-liquid vapor (9) to the liquid phase (8). The air (15) expands as its pressure drops passing through the turbine (31) due to the Joules-Thompson effect and isentropic work performed by the air (15) that causes cooling ofthe air (15).

[00154] Liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) is pumped (pressurized) through volume control valve (72) into vaporizer (20) where heat from the compressed air (15) vaporizes the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) into high pressure vapor (9). The vapor (9) flows through lines (45) to vapor injector (46) that injects the vapor (9) into lift tube (47) that is filled with water (27) forming a column of water (27). A lifting force is initiated due the Potential Energy of Position created by placing the vapor (9) having low mass in the high mass water (27) and the vapor bubbles (48) rise up the tube (47) due to a lifting force.

[00155] The formation ofthe vapor bubbles (48) within the column of water (27) within the lift tube (47) causes a reduction in the mass ofthe column of water (27) within the tube (47). The column of water (27) within the lift tube (47) is fluidly connected to the supply tube (50) that supplies water (27) to the lift tube (47) via Venturi valve (51). The Venturi valve (51) reduces the area in which the water (27) is allowed to flow and reduces the pressure in the area outside the Venturi (51) that allows the vapor (9) to more easily enter the lift tube (47). The supply tube (50) is filled with high mass water (27). The reduction in the mass ofthe water (27) and resulting reduction in hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water (27) within the lift tube (47) causes a flow of water (27) to be initiated from the high mass supply tube (50) to the lift tube (47) due to the greater hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of high mass wafer (27) in the supply tube (50) due to the Potential Energy of Position generated by the formation ofthe vapor bubbles (48) within the lift tube (47).

[00156] The water (27) containing the pressurized vapor bubbles (48) flows from the lift tube (47) into turbine (55), causing rotation ofthe shaft (56) ofthe turbine (55) that is connected to generator (57) and electricity (58) is generated. The shaft (56) penetrates the housing (59) through bearings and seals (60). After passing through the turbine (55) contained within housing (59) connected to the top ofthe lift tube (47), the water (27) returns to the supply tube (50) via gravity and the expanded vapor (9) flows through lines (65) into water separator (66) that removes any remaining water (27) vapor, then flows to condenser (43) in order to condense low- boiling-point-liquid vapor (9) back to the liquid phase (8). The liquid (8) returns to the pump (67) located at the bottom ofthe condenser (43). The pump (67) supplies liquid (8) to the combustor (2) through throttle (70), to the solar heat collector (10) through throttle (71), and to vaporizer (20) through throttle (72).

[00157] Alternatively, liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) is pumped (pressurized) through volume control valve (70) into heat exchange combustor (20) where heat from the combustion of natural gas or other fuels vaporizes the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) into high pressure vapor (9). The vapor (9) flows through lines (45) to vapor injector (46) that injects the vapor (9) into lift tube (47) to power the cycle. [00158] Alternatively, liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) is pumped (pressurized) through volume control valve (71) into heat exchange solar collector (10) where collected solar heat vaporizes the liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (8) into high pressure vapor (9). The vapor (9) flows through lines (45) to vapor injector (46) that injects the vapor (9) into lift tube (47) to power the cycle.

[00159] Fig. 11 is an illustration of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method providing heat energy and cooling energy. Vapor phase low-boiling-point-liquid (2) is condensed to the liquid phase (4) via condenser (6) and supply tube (5) is continuously filled with liquid (4) via the condenser (6) so that the liquid (4) applies hydrostatic pressure on turbine (11) via the Potential Energy of Position by forming the liquid (4) at height.

[00160] The liquid (4) flows through supply tube (5) and through throttle (9) to turbine (11) that is within housing (10). The liquid (4) after passing through the turbine (11) flows through lines (23) to evaporator (14) and is vaporized into low pressure vapor (2). The vapor (2) flows to compressor (20) that is connected to turbine (11) via shaft (21). Compressor (20) compresses the vapor (2) into high pressure vapor (2) and causes the vapor (2) to become hot via the heat of compression. The hot vapor (2) flows through lines (3) to condenser (6) in a cycle.

[00161 ] Condenser (6) removes heat from the hot pressurized vapor (2) that is condensed to the liquid phase (4) via heat rejection to the cold air (7) via heat exchange within the condenser (6), causing the air (7) within the condenser to become hot air (7) to provide heating for any purpose in which heating would normally be used. The air (7) is forced through condenser (6) via fan (8) that is connected to a supply of electricity (Not Shown).

[00162] Evaporator (14) provides heat to the liquid phase low-boiling- point-liquid (4) in order to vaporize the (4) via heat extraction from incoming air (12) via heat exchange within the evaporator (14), causing the air (12) exiting the evaporator (14) to be cold air (12) to provide cooling for any purpose in which cooling would normally be used. The air (12) is forced through evaporator (14) via fan (15) that is connected to a supply of electricity (Not Shown).

[00163] If there is a readily available supply of high pressure gas, such as high pressure natural gas from a natural gas well, the natural gas has the pressure to self inject into a liquid at great depth by possessing greater vapor pressure than the hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid as illustrated in Fig. 6. Fig. 6 illustrates a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using natural gas from a well. Natural gas (16) flows from a natural gas well (12) having a substantially high pressure. The gas (16) flows via gas flow line (15) to the bottom of a drilled well (9) that extends below ground level (17) that is flooded with water (6) and the gas (16) is injected into the water (6) via injector (11) within lift-tube (20). The gas (16) creates a powerful lifting force via two Potential Energies of Position and the high pressure natural gas (16) and pressurized water (6) flow through turbine (3) causing rotation of the turbine (3) that powers generator (5) that provides electrical power (2). The natural gas (16) is expanded to lower pressure via the turbine (3) and the lower pressure gas (16) flows to gas transmission line (7).

[00164] The turbine (3) is located within pressure vessel housing (4). A water supply line (14) penetrates the housing (4) to provide water (6) for system startup or in the event it is otherwise needed. However, natural gas wells (12) normally produce water (6) along with natural gas (16).

[00165] The water (6) re-circulates back into well (9) via an annular area (10) that is fluidly connected to lift-tube (20) in a cycle. Excess water (6) produced along with the natural gas (16) from the natural gas well (12) is re-injected into the earth via injection well (8).

[00166] A flowing high pressure natural gas well having a pressure of 5,000 p.s.i. is capable of continuously self injecting (positioning) low mass natural gas into a column of water having a depth of nearly 10,000 feet. Propane, a high vapor pressure low-boiling-point-liquid, vaporized using less than 200 degrees F heat has significant vapor pressure to continuously position its vapor over 1,000 feet in depth into a column of water. In order for the gas to self-inject into the liquid, the pressure ofthe vapor must be greater than the hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid, which means that 100 p.s.i. vapor pressure is near equal to the hydrostatic pressure of a depth in water of near 200 feet.

[00167] The natural gas pressure does not have to be naturally occurring. Gas transmission lines flow huge volumes of gas everywhere and often the pressure is generated via very large gas compressors. The transmission lines operate at substantial pressure of approximately 1,000 p.s.i. When the gas is used by a power plant, factory, or city, they have lower pressure requirements; therefore, the gas passes through a choke device known as a "city gate" that reduces the pressure to near 200 p.s.i. or lower. The flowing gas could therefore continuously operate a gas-lift embodiment ofthe present invention using the existing high pressure from the gas transmission lines to efficiently harness the Potential Energy of Position to generate substantial power and this process could also accomplish lowering the pressure ofthe gas via expansion within a turbine such as a drum jet turbine (not illustrated).

[00168] It is important to note that the total energy of mass is the combined energy ofthe kinetic and potential energy. Placing a low mass in the position to create a lift force within water does not in any way reduce the kinetic energy ofthe mass. For example, if propane is vaporized within the atmosphere and the vapor has a pressure of 2,000 p.s.i. A given amount of heat energy is expended in the vaporization process and only the kinetic energy ofthe vapor, derived from the motion ofthe high vapor pressure during expansion, is useful in the conversion of kinetic energy to mechanical drive. On the other hand if the same amount of propane is vaporized four thousand feet deep via the heat a hot geothermal liquid, the same amount of heat energy is expended in vaporizing the propane. However, the propane now has the Potential Energy of Position to create a powerful lift force. If the high pressure propane vapor is contained in a sealed vessel, the vessel attempts to rise to the surface with great lifting force. Once on the surface the high pressure propane may be removed from the sealed vessel and may be expanded through a turbine to exploit its kinetic energy. None ofthe kinetic energy (high pressure) was lost as a result ofthe lift force it generated while underwater due to its Potential Energy of Position, because the pressure ofthe propane was contained in the sealed vessel, nor did it take any additional heat energy to vaporize the propane under water.

[00169] The above natural process may be demonstrated within an embodiment ofthe present invention that uses the Potential Energy of Position to generate power using water vapor in the same manner as the natural process uses water within our atmosphere to generate our weather (Shown in Fig. 7). Fig. 7 illustrates a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using solar energy which may generate useful power, refrigeration and heating via is a hydrostatic pressure powered power cycle by utilizing gravitational forces via the continuous formation of a high mass liquid within a low mass vapor column. A working fluid (10), such as water or liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid, is vaporized using a heat source, such as solar heat, into vapor (2). In this embodiment solar heat collectors (16) harness solar heat that is used to vaporize the liquid working fluid (10). The vapor (2) rises through vapor tube (3) via its own vapor (2) pressure. The vapor (2) flows to condenser (4) and is condensed to liquid phase working fluid (10). The liquid (10) fills liquid storage tank (18) and fills liquid supply tube (7) forming a Potential Energy of Position that exerts hydrostatic pressure in direct relationship to the height ofthe liquid storage tank (18), which potentially may be of any height and thus any amount of hydrostatic pressure desired may be achieved.

[00170] The liquid (10) flows through throttle (17) to hydro-turbine (8) to harness the Potential Energy of Position as the turbine (8) is rotated and mechanical drive is achieved. The turbine (8) drives generator (12) and an electrical power (11) is output. The turbine (8) is located within housing (9).

[00171 ] Condenser (4) is a heat exchanger that rejects useful heat from the vapor (2) to air (6) from the atmosphere that flows through the condenser (4) via fan (5). The heat may be used for space heating via a closed circulation loop or may be used to power a low-boiling-point-liquid power cycle, or may be recycled to the vaporizer to provide additional heat for vaporization via conservation of heat.

[00172] The rate of condensation ofthe vapor (2) to liquid (10) must be equal to the rate at which the liquid (10) flows through turbine (8) in order to maintain the Potential Energy of Position via the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of liquid (10) within storage tank (18) and supply tube (7). If the level of liquid (10) is lowered, the amount of hydrostatic pressure is also lowered and less energy output will be performed by hydro-turbine (8). The height ofthe column of water (10) equals the output ofthe Potential Energy of Position harnessed via the turbine (8) by forming (positioning via forming) the liquid (10) at substantial height in order to generate substantial hydrostatic pressure.

[00173] The vapor tube (3) and the liquid supply tube (7) extend above ground level (14). A concrete slab (15) and concrete footing (not shown) may be useful in supporting the vapor tube (3) and the liquid supply tube (7). Liquid storage tank (18) stores Potential Energy of Position via liquid (10) storage at substantial height. The Potential Energy of Position may be used at any time by releasing the stored liquid (10) so that the Potential Energy of Position may be converted into kinetic energy of motion to power the turbine (8). Depending on the flow rate of liquid (10) through the turbine (8) and depending upon the amount of liquid (10) stored, the stored Potential Energy of Position via the stored liquid (10) may allow for 24/7 operation ofthe turbine (8). The rate of vaporization and condensation must exceed the use of liquid (10) by the turbine (8) during solar heat powered operation, so that liquid (10) will accumulate in the storage tank (18) at a greater rate than the rate of use.

[00174] In order to obtain useful refrigeration from the hydrostatic pressure powered power cycle (1), fan (21) blows air (19) through heat exchanger (20) that provides cool air (19) via heat removal from the air (19) via the cold liquid (10) that is cooled via vaporization ofthe liquid (10). If water is the liquid (10), rapid vaporization of water may be accomplished within a vacuum at only 100 Deg. F. Vacuum pump (22) may be used to change the temperature at which vaporization may take place via the pressure / temperature relationship of water and /or low-boiling- point-liquids.

[00175] Solar heat or any other heat source vaporizes water. The water is continuously condensed at higher elevation, using cool air from the atmosphere that is cooler the greater the elevation. A liquid storage tank that remains full of water due to the continuous condensation is fluidly attached to a column filled with liquid. The column of liquid that is formed possesses hydrostatic pressure via the Potential Energy of Position due to the height at which the water is formed. The hydrostatic pressure ofthe water within the storage tank and liquid column apply sufficient hydrostatic force to power a hydro-turbine to generate mechanical drive that may power a generator or perform other useful work. The output power is only limited to the height at which condensation continuously takes place, which in nature is often many thousands of feet above the earth's surface.

[00176] The storage tank performs the function of storage of the Potential Energy of Position in the form of stored liquid that may be used at a later time. This allows the possibility of 24/7 power generation if the storage tank is large enough, having sufficient liquid supply. This storage capability would be very use in regards to solar or wind generated heat to perform the vaporization step ofthe process. In order to accomplish liquid storage, the vaporization and condensation components must be capable of performing their function at a rate greater than the use ofthe liquid via the turbine, so that there is an accumulation of liquid while the turbine is operating. The filled storage tank may then supply liquid to the turbine at such times as the sun is not shining or the wind is not blowing. Geothermal heat is recommended for vaporization when available, because it is a renewable energy source that is available 24/7. The oceans in the tropics have sea water that hot enough year round to operate the process via performing vaporization. [00177] The above described embodiment ofthe present invention will work well; however, because the vapor pressure of water vapor is low and the amount of heat energy required to vaporize water is far greater than the heat energy required to vaporize a liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid working fluid into high pressure vapor, more useful energy output may be derived from the use of high vapor pressure low-boiling-point-liquids, as presented in alternative embodiments ofthe present patent as disclosed herein. However, there are certain advantages to the cycle presented herein using water: (1) high pressure vessels and piping would not be required due to the low operating pressure of water vapor; and, (2) the working fluid is water, which is inexpensive and readily available; and, (3) there are no potential negative environmental effects via the use of water; and (4) water may be evaporated at much lower temperature if the tube forms a vacuum; and, (5) refrigeration and heating may be obtained from the cycle herein disclosed as evaporation generates refrigeration and condensation rejects heat. Therefore, this embodiment ofthe present patent application, which mimics nature when the working fluid is water, may be very useful, even if it does not develop as much overall power from a given amount of heat energy as other embodiments presented herein may be capable of doing, especially embodiments involving high vapor pressure gas-lift at great depth that are potentially extremely powerful.

[00178] The embodiments ofthe present invention disclosed in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 create apparatus useful in transferring water from a lower altitude to a higher altitude without pumping. Water is vaporized at lower altitude in a vacuum so that minimal heat energy is required to vaporize the water into water vapor that flows to a condenser at higher altitude via its vapor pressure where it is condensed back into liquid phase water via heat rejection or the addition of pressure to create a Potential Energy of Position by forming high mass water at height within a low mass column of air. The water may be stored for later use or may drive a hydro-turbine to generate power. These embodiments are useful for filling a water tower for a municipal water supply system without pumping the water to the water tower and are useful for recycling water to a hydro-dam in order to create water conservation. These embodiments are also useful in desalinating water as the salt will remain in the vaporizer and only water vapor will be transfened to the condenser at height to provide a supply of water or to generate power. The salt and / or minerals may then be commercially extracted from the vaporizer in order to produce valuable salt and minerals.

[00179] Fig. 14 is an illustration of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using solar energy with a heating and cooling recycle system to conserve heat energy to accomplish greater efficiency. In all other respects, Fig. 14 works like Fig. 7 that beneficially uses multiple Potential Energies of Position to efficiently generate power. Re-circulation pump (2) circulates a working fluid (4) through lines (3) to heat exchanger (5). The working fluid (4) accepts rejected heat. The hot working fluid (4) flows through lines (6) to heat exchanger (7). Heat is given off from the working fluid (4) via heat exchanger (7). The cool working fluid (4) flows back to heat exchanger (5) in a closed loop cycle.

[00180] This process beneficially provides additional heat for vaporization and beneficially provides additional cooling for condensation. A vacuum pump (8) allows vaporization to take place at lower temperatures. For example, water rapidly vaporizes at temperatures as low as 100 deg. F. in a vacuum environment.

[00181] Fig. 15 is an illustration of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method in a potable water generation system utilizing geothermal water and an optional solar heating system. The system of Fig. 15 may use the Potential Energy of Position to generate a power cycle (1) that uses geothermal heat, supplemented by solar heat that is useful in filling a water tower with drinking water (2) and producing power. Conventional municipal water (2) supply systems could use the cycle (1) described herein to eliminate costly pumping of water (2) into municipal water supply storage tanks (17).

[00182] Geothermal water (2) is pumped via pump (4) from a geothermal well (3) through throttle (5) into vaporizer (6) that vaporizes the water (2) into vapor (8) via the existing geothermal heat contained in the water (2) due to negative pressure via vacuum pump (23) that lowers the pressure within the vaporizer (6) so that water (2) may vaporize at temperatures of less than 100 deg. F. The vapor (8) rises through lines (9) to condenser (10). Heat from the vapor (8) is rejected to liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (15) within the condenser (10) and the liquid (15) is vaporized. The water vapor (8) is condenser to liquid water (2) and a Potential Energy of Position is created by forming high mass water (2) within a low mass column of air via the mass differential caused by the gravitational pull ofthe earth. The Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when the water (2) is released from the storage tank (17).

[00183] The water (2) is stored in storage tank (17) connected to supply tube (18) that provides a supply of water (2) through throttle (42) to turbine (20) in housing (19). Turbine (20) powers generator (21) and electricity (22) is generated. The throttle (42) regulates the flow of water (2) from the tank (17) and thus maintains amount of water (2) within the tank (17) so that a constant hydrostatic pressure is applied to the turbine (20) via the hydrostatic pressure ofthe water (2) due to the height ofthe column of water (2). Water (2) may return to the vaporizer (6) in a cycle or may be used to supply water (2) for purposes in which water (2) is generally used via water outlet (25), including municipal water (2) supply systems, if the embodiment herein disclosed is used as a water (2) supply system as well as a power generation cycle. The vaporizer (6) uses geothermal heat, but the geothennal heat may be supplemented by solar heat via solar heat collector (7).

[00184] Heat rejected from the vapor (8) vaporizes liquid phase low- boiling-point-liquid (15) within the condenser (10) and the liquid (15) is vaporized into high pressure vapor (24) that flows through lines (16) to injector (40) within lift tube (26) to create two Potential Energies of Position and electrical power (29) is generated as has been previously described herein within the cascade cycle that does not allow expansion ofthe vapor (24) in order to conserve the pressure ofthe vapor (24 so that it may be beneficially used in additional power cycles.

[00185] The vapor (24) then flows through lines (27) to injector (41) within lift tube (36) to create two Potential Energies of Position and electrical power (29) is generated as has been previously described herein. The vapor (24) flows though lines (37) to condenser (28) that rejects heat to the atmosphere, which causes the vapor (24) to condense to the liquid phase (15). The liquid (15) is pumped back to vaporizer / condenser (10) via liquid pump (38) in a cycle.

[00186] This embodiment may be used to desalinate water (2). The vaporization process disclosed herein is a distillation cycle that is capable of producing pure potable water (2). Additionally, valuable salt and minerals may be produced by the processes described herein and may be commercially extracted.

[00187] In an alternative embodiment ofthe power cycle (1) described herein, beneficial heat is added to the process via solar heat collectors (7) that provide heat to lift tubes (26 & 36) to provide additional heat to the vapor (24) that will increase the vapor pressure ofthe vapor (24) and will prevent detrimental cooling of the vapor (24) within lift tubes (26 & 36) that would reduce system operating - pressure.

[00188] Fig. 16 is an illustration of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method for recycling water to power a hydro-electric dam. In Fig. 16, a water conservation cycle uses the Potential Energies of Position to recycle water to a hydro-dam to generate power via the force of gravity. Water (2) from stream (20) is sucked upward into a housing (4) via negative pressure formed via vacuum pump (6). Solar heat via solar heat collectors (25) is applied to the water (2) within the housing (4) that causes the water (2) to vaporize into water vapor (3) at low temperature due to the vacuum. The vapor (3) flows to condenser (15) through lines (5). Condenser (15) is located at height on the surface (22) ofthe water (2) contained behind the wall of a hydro-dam (8).

[00189] The vapor (3) is cooled via cold water (2) circulated from deep beneath the surface (22) ofthe water (2) via lines (16) within condenser (15). The vapor (3) is condensed to water (2) and the water (2) is formed within the hydro-dam (8) to create a Potential Energy of Position of water (2) storage that may be used at a later time to drive hydro-turbine (10) to generate power when the water (2) is released and its Potential Energy of Position is converted into kinetic energy of motion.

[00190] The water (2) drops down penstock (9) to hydro-turbine (10) to the stream (20) below where is may flow down stream or may be recycled to the hydro- damn (8) in a cycle. The embodiment herein disclosed uses solar heat to vaporize the water (2). However, any heat source may drive the process herein disclosed, such as geothermal heat, electrical resistance heat, combustion, etc.

[00191] An alternative embodiment may be created using the heat of compression via an air compressor to vaporize water within a vacuum (No drawing of this embodiment is Shown). The air is cooled by giving off heat to the water vaporization process. The cool air is injected into an air-lift tube as disclosed in Fig. 1 to generate power via forming two Potential Energies of Position by positioning air within the lift tube. The air is expanded through the turbine and becomes very cold air. The cold air is used to condense the water vapor created via the thermal energy in the atmosphere via compression within a condenser that rejects heat from the water vapor to the cold air in order to condense the water vapor to liquid water at substantial height to create a Potential Energy of Position in the form or high mass water at height within a low mass column of air. The water may be held in storage within a storage tank or may be used to power a turbine. This embodiment may also be used as a desalination apparatus or used to produce salts or minerals, along with potable water and power.

[00192] The above embodiments may also be formed into a cycle contained within a sealed unit to generate power as described below and as disclosed in Fig. 7. The embodiment ofthe present invention disclosed in Fig. 7 effectively forms a circular heat pipe in which the low-boiling-point-liquid is continuously condensed at height to harness the Potential Energy of Position in a cycle rather than merely flowing back to the bottom ofthe pipe where vaporization takes place as in a conventional heat pipe. The heat lifted via the solar heat is rejected via the condenser in a cycle. The difference is that the heat pipe of Fig. 7 forms a Potential Energy of Position by allowing the liquid to accumulate into a column having substantial height in order to derive power via its hydrostatic pressure. A heat pipe is able to function using a very small temperature differential because it is a constant pressure system. The vapor pressure formed via vaporization is applied to the condenser. Condensation is the result of temperature reduction and applied pressure. A two pressure cycle using a vapor turbine dramatically reduces the vapor pressure via expansion ofthe vapor within the turbine. Greater temperature reduction is therefore needed in order to condense the vapor in the two pressure expansion cycle because the pressure ofthe vapor is lower due to expansion.

[00193] The single pressure cycle of Fig. 7 allows vaporization and condensation to occur with as little as five degrees temperature differential. The same quantity of heat that is lifted during vaporization is rejected during condensation. Therefore, the heat rejected is almost at the same temperature as the temperature of the heat lifted. If solar heat is lifted at 150 deg. F. during vaporization, then the heat rejected may be approximately 140 deg. F in this single pressure cycle. The rejected heat, having a useful temperature, may then be used to vaporize a second liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid via the use of a vaporizer / condenser combination using heat pipes to effectively transfer heat from the vapor in order to condense the vapor instead of rejecting heat to the air as is shown in Fig. 7.

[00194] The embodiment disclosed herein in Fig. 7 may serve as a heating and cooling apparatus as well as a power generation device. Vaporization ofthe water or low-boiling-point-liquid creates cooling and rejection of heat during condensation provides a heat source. Water will boil aggressively at only 100 Deg. F in a vacuum. The evaporation may cause the temperature ofthe water to drop to such a degree that the water becomes an ice sluny, thus providing useful refrigeration. Heat brought into the system via use ofthe cold water for refrigeration aides the vaporization process as it provides useful refrigeration.

[00195] The second liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid may then power an additional power cycle, such as an air, gases, or vapor lift power cycle having two Potential Energies of Position as shown in Fig. 1 that may then be used to form a cascade of lift cycles (Shown in Figs. 10, 12, and 15).

[00196] The heat pipe effect may also be used in the same manner via a "geothermal heat pipe" in which vaporization takes place deep within the earth and condensation continuously takes place on the surface using the latent heat of vaporization to vaporize a second liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid at height above the surface to accomplish greater Potential Energy of Position via having greater hydrostatic pressure (Shown in Fig. 8). A turbine would be located within the well with the hydrostatic pressure rotating the turbine. The liquid would flow down a long hollow shaft to a hydro-turbine that would rotate all the way back to the surface in order to harness the Potential Energy of Position. The condenser ofthe geothermal heat pipe could potentially be located at the top of a high-rise building to power the building and to provide geothermal heat for the building.

[00197] The vapor generated via vaporization of the second liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid may be used: (1) to create an additional power cycle, such as a gas-lift power cycle having two Potential Energies of Position; or, (2) to provide heat for a home, office, apartment complex, commercial buildings, etc. via the condensation ofthe vapor that will reject the heat lifted via vaporization at the place of condensation. The liquid is then pumped back to the vaporizer in order to form a cycle via vaporization using the geothermal heat source.

[00198] An interesting analysis ofthe Potential Energies of Position is that they are not within a box having a fixed performance in regards to heat, such as thermodynamic (heat) processes are considered as being within the field of thermodynamics. When processes using the Potential Energies 'of Position are employed using a mass differential, the output energy can vary widely from the same energy input. There is no direct thermodynamic (heat) conelation between input and output! The output is a function of where the mass is continuously placed or formed, which may be readily changed.

[00199] For example, a low-boiling-point-liquid may be vaporized on the surface and then continuously condensed back to the liquid phase again at any height (Shown in Fig. 7), which dramatically alters the energy that may be derived from the process. Using the hydrostatic pressure as a measure of energy output from this process that may drive a hydro-turbine, it is obvious that continuous condensation at one foot above ground level would not even return the energy input used in vaporization; and, lets assume that continuous condensation at a hundred feet may come close to an energy balance in which the vaporization input energy is returned; and, continuous condensation at ten thousand feet would generate a tremendous amount of hydrostatic pressure that would generate many times the output energy than the amount of energy that was input to accomplish vaporization. There is not set output energy in relationship to input energy in processes that use the Potential Energies of Position; therefore, no set formulas to determine such a relationship may be created, as are generally accomplished for most processes. This observation also demonstrates the enormous potential of Potential Energies of Position.

[00200] In order to optimize the energy output of any ofthe cycles disclosed herein it is beneficial to have as great a differential in height or depth as possible as the power output is directly related to the degree of differential in which a body of mass is continuously placed or formed to create a mass differential that creates Potential Energies of Position as described herein. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention may use a combination of extending deep into the earth and then extending as high as possible into the sky within a single cycle or using a cascade of cycles. For example, a gas lift cycle could be installed into a well bore that extends deep into the ground to obtain geothermal heat and then extend above ground to the top of a sky scraper in order to obtain greater distance from the point of injection at the bottom ofthe well to the point of power extraction at the top ofthe high rise office building to provide heating, cooling, and power for the office building (No drawing of this Embodiment is Shown).

[00201 ] Fig. 10 is an illustration of one embodiment of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method utilizing a cascade of potential energy of position energy generators driven by a wind-driven air pressure energy source. Air (7) is compressed via wind compressor (8) and the compressed air (7) flows through lines (9) to air-lift tube (10) and provides pumping ofthe water (12) contained within the air-lift tube (10) to generate power via the first power cycle (2) as previously described herein. The air (7) exits the first power cycle (2) via lines (11) and flows to air-lift tube (17) to the second power cycle (3) to generate power via the second power cycle (3). The air (7) exits second power cycle (3) via lines (14) and flows to air-lift tube (18) to the third power cycle (4) generate power via the third power cycle (4). The air (7) exits third power cycle (4) via lines (15) and flows to airlift tube (19) to the forth power cycle (5) generate power via the forth power cycle (5). The air (7) exits the forth power cycle (5) via lines (16) and flows to air-lift tube (20) to the fifth power cycle (6) to generate power via the fifth power cycle (6).

[00202] The air (7) exits the fifth power cycle (6) via lines (17) is discharged to the atmosphere as cold air (7). In the alternative, the cold air (7) may be used for any purpose in which cold air is normally used, such as cooling an enclosed space or as used to condense vapor phase low-boiling-point-liquid to the liquid phase.

[00203] Fig. 13 is an illustration of one embodiment of such a wind compressor utilizing wind-driven pistons and wind-directing shutters. A wind compressor (1) consists of a rudder (2), a concrete base (3), a swivel (4), power stroke pistons (5), shutters (7), frame (8), air shields (9), pivot rods (15), lines (17), wind concentrator shield (18), hydraulic cylinder (19), ram (21).

[00204] Wind (10) is trapped between base (3) and wind concentrator shield (18) that forms the V-shape ofthe wind compressor (1) that traps the air flow (10) that is concentrated to shutters (7). Pressure is applied against the shutters (7) via the pressure ofthe air flow (10). The shutters (7) are pushed backward via the pressure ofthe air flow (10). The shutters (7) are mounted on frame (8) that is connected to the ram (21) of a cylinder (19) having an internal power stroke piston (5). Used as an air wind compressor, the power stroke piston (5) pumps compressed air (10) into lines (17).

[00205] Alternately, the power stroke piston (5) may pump pressurized hydraulic fluid (Not Shown) into lines (17) that flows to hydraulic motor (Not Shown) that converts the kinetic energy of flowing hydraulic fluid (Not Shown) to rotary mechanical drive. A motor (not Shown) may drive a generator (Not Shown) or may be used for any purpose of which mechanical drive may normally be used for.

[00206] When the ram (21) is fully within the cylinder (19) and the power stroke piston (5) is to the back ofthe cylinder (19) at the end ofthe power stroke, the shutter (7) is opened via a pivot rod (15) that is driven by air pressure that powers the pivot rod (15) that is connected to the shutters (7). Opening ofthe shutter (7) releases the wind's (10) force against the shutter (7).

[00207] At the same time that the shutter (7) is opened, an air shield (9) closes to prevent air (10) from entering the chamber (25) in which the shutter (7) is enclosed. The air shield (9) also redirects the wind (10) to the adjacent shutter (7) that is in a closed position so that more wind (10) force may be available for use by the adjacent shutter (7) and to prevent "channeling" ~ the lost of air flow (10) pressure due to an low pressure open hole in which the wind (10) may bypass the wind compressor (1) by not applying a pressure against a closed shutter (7). The air shield (9) thus maintains the air flow (10) pressure and deflects additional wind to the closed shutters (9). The air shield (7) is opened and closed via pivot rods (26).

[00208] The air shield (7) is closed via pivot rods (26) after the shutter (9) has been returned to the starting position with the ram (21) full extended. The shutter (9) opens just prior to the opening ofthe wind shield (7). The wind shield (7) reduces the amount of effort expended in opening the shutter (9) by blocking the force ofthe wind (10). The shutter (9) is forced back to the starting position via a pneumatic ram (Not Shown) within a cylinder (Not shown) driven by compressed air (10). Adjacent shutters (9) work in alternation, with every other shutter (9) always being in a power stroke so that hydraulic fluid (22) is continuously pumped.

[00209] The rudder (2) pivots the wind compressor (1) on its axis via a swivel (4) within the concrete base (3) ofthe wind compressor (1). The rudder (2) works like a weather vane due to its large sail like surface area and location at the rear ⁾ ofthe wind compressor. The rudder (2) is constructed of lightweight sail cloth over a light weight frame (Not Shown).

[00210] Fig. 12 is an illustration of a Potential Energy from Position energy generation system and method using a cascade of potential energy from position energy generators. Fig. 12 illustrates a cascade of Potential Energy from Position energy power cycles that are initiated by the Potential Energy of Position heating and cooling cycle previously described herein in Fig. 11 using the Potential Energies of Position to power the heating and cooling cycle (2) and to power the cascade of power cycles (1). The heat ofthe Potential Energy of Position heating and cooling cycle (1) is used for vaporization and the cooling is used for condensation within a cycle that is cascaded due to conservation of pressure ofthe high pressure vapor (4). [00211 ] Liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid (3) is vaporized to the vapor phase (4) via condenser / vaporizer (5) that is the condenser ofthe Potential Energy of Position heating and cooling cycle (2) and is the vaporizer to produce high pressure vapor (4) for the cascade of power cycles (1).

[00212] The high pressure vapor (4) flows through lines (7) to provide pumping of to generate power via the first power cycle (8) as previously described herein in Fig. 7. The vapor (4) exits the first power cycle (8) via lines (15) and flows to the second power cycle (9) to generate power via the second power cycle (9). The vapor (4) exits the second power cycle (9) via lines (16) and flows to the third power cycle (10) to generate power via the third power cycle (10). The vapor (4) exits the third power cycle (10) via lines (17) and flows to the forth power cycle (11) to generate power via the forth power cycle (11). The vapor (4) exits the forth power cycle (11) via lines (18) and flows to the fifth power cycle (12) to generate power via the fifth power cycle (12). The vapor (4) exits the fifth power cycle (12) via lines (19) and flows to condenser / vaporizer (20).

[00213] Vapor phase low-boiling-point-liquid (4) is condensed to the liquid phase (3) via condenser / evaporator (20) that is the evaporator (20) ofthe Potential Energy of Position heating and cooling cycle (2) and is the condenser (20) to condense vapor (4) to liquid (3) for the cascade of power cycles (1).

[00214] Complete descriptions and their associated drawings of many of the methods and apparatus to harness the Potential Energies of Position disclosed herein are not included due to the scope ofthe work involved. It is the intention of the present applicant to file more complete patent applications on all ofthe disclosures make herein as additional provisional patent applications, or as divisional or as continuation patent applications as soon as possible to more completely describe many ofthe disclosure make herein.

[00215] h another alternative embodiment, is a method and system for producing energy by using the effect of buoyancy and the effect of gravity acceleration alternately in a cycle. An upward lifting force is generated by the force of buoyancy and a downward sinking force is generated by the force of gravity acceleration. The present invention is capable of generating energy via harnessing the upward motion caused by the force of buoyancy and the downward motion caused by the force of gravity in an alternating back-and-forth cycle more fully described herein. [00216] In order to create a power cycle using buoyancy for lift and gravity acceleration as a downward motive force, there must be the ability to change the overall density ofthe body of mass that is being lifted within a sunounding lifting fluid via buoyancy to a higher density that will sink within the surrounding lifting fluid. For example, an enclosure containing a low density gas or having a vacuum may rise within a column of liquid and an enclosure containing a low density gas or a vacuum may rise within a column of heavier gas via buoyancy. To change the density ofthe enclosure containing a low density gas or a vacuum to a heavier configuration, the gas may be compressed or the vacuum may be released and than a heavier gas or liquid may be allowed to enter the enclosure taking the area previously occupied by the low density gas or vacuum, making the entire enclosure heavier than the lifting fluid so that it is capable of sinking via the greater gravitational pull ofthe earth on the heavier enclosure.

[00217] A power cycle is thus created by alternately creating buoyancy via a low density gas or a vacuum being provided in an enclosure to create lift. Then the lift is lost by altering the density ofthe enclosure by removing the low density gas from the enclosure or releasing the vacuum to allow a heavier substance to replace the area previously occupied by the low density gas or vacuum, or the gas may be compressed. Compression alters the mass / volume relationship ofthe gas. The mass remains the same, but the volume in which the mass in retained is dramatically decreased. Lift is lost because the density per cubic feet ofthe gas is greatly increased and the area previously occupied by low density gas is filled with a higher density substance, which causes the mass ofthe enclosure to be much greater so that its density is greater than the density ofthe lifting fluid and it sinks via gravity acceleration. To continue the cycle, lift must be re-established when the enclosure has reached a lower elevation.

[00218] Energy is created by using the motive forces (rising and falling) of buoyancy and gravity acceleration to create mechanical drive. This may be accomplished via attachment of an enclosure to a closed rotary loop, such as a chain rotating around at least an upper sprocket and a lower sprocket or may be accomplished by an upward and downward motion within a lifting fluid, using the motion ofthe enclosure passing through the lifting fluid as a kinetic force to drive a gas turbine or a hydro-turbine. [00219] The energy generated comes from the effect of gravity. The upward lift of buoyancy and the downward fall ofthe gravitational pull ofthe earth are both functions of gravity. Therefore, the present invention is gravity powered in both the upward and downward directions of motion.

[00220] In order to create a power cycle using buoyancy for lift and gravity acceleration as a downward motive force, there must be the ability to change the overall density ofthe body of mass that is being lifted within a surrounding lifting fluid via buoyancy to a higher density that will sink within the sunounding lifting fluid. For example, an enclosure containing a low density gas or having a vacuum may rise within a column of liquid and an enclosure containing a low density gas or a vacuum may rise within a column of heavier gas via buoyancy. To change the density ofthe enclosure containing a low density gas or a vacuum to a heavier configuration, the gas may be compressed or the vacuum may be released and than a heavier gas or liquid may be allowed to enter the enclosure taking the area previously occupied by the low density gas or vacuum, making the entire enclosure heavier than the lifting fluid so that it is capable of sinking via the greater gravitational pull ofthe earth on the heavier enclosure.

[00221 ] A power cycle is thus created by alternately creating buoyancy via a low density gas or a vacuum being provided in an enclosure to create lift. Then the lift is lost by altering the density ofthe enclosure by removing the low density gas from the enclosure or releasing the vacuum to allow a heavier substance to replace the area previously occupied by the low density gas or vacuum, or the gas may be compressed. Compression alters the mass / volume relationship ofthe gas. The mass remains the same, but the volume in which the mass in retained is dramatically decreased. Lift is lost because the density per cubic feet ofthe gas is greatly increased and the area previously occupied by low density gas is filled with a higher density substance, which causes the mass ofthe enclosure to be much greater so that its density is greater than the density ofthe lifting fluid and it sinks via gravity acceleration. To continue the cycle, lift must be re-established when the enclosure has reached a lower elevation.

[00222] Energy is created by using the motive forces (rising and falling) of buoyancy and gravity acceleration to create mechanical drive. This may be accomplished via attachment of an enclosure to a closed rotary loop, such as a chain rotating around at least an upper sprocket and a lower sprocket or may be accomplished by an upward and downward motion within a lifting fluid, using the motion ofthe enclosure passing through the lifting fluid as a kinetic force to drive a gas turbine or a hydro-turbine.

[00223] The energy generated from the present invention comes from the effect of gravity. The upward lift of buoyancy and the downward fall ofthe gravitational pull ofthe earth are both functions of gravity. Therefore, the present invention is gravity powered in both the upward and downward directions of motion.

[00224] The amount of power generated by the present invention may be measured as a function of mass differentials or the difference in mass on the two sides ofthe apparatus. The apparatus is divided into two halves, the heavier-than-the- sunounding-fluid side and the lighter-than-the-sunounding fluid side. The total gross energy output ofthe apparatus is the sum ofthe difference in mass ofthe two sides in relationship to the sunounding fluid. The total mass differential is the force of lift (calculated as a weight) added to the weight ofthe mass that is heavier-than-the- sunounding fluid. The objective ofthe present invention is to create as high a mass differential as practical.

[00225] The greater the mass differential; the greater the energy output. Time must also be taken into consideration as an energy output factor. A given amount of energy input must be used to alter the mass of an enclosure from lighter than the sunounding fluid to heavier than the sunounding fluid. The height ofthe apparatus determines the period of useful time that elapses before another change in the mass must occur. The greater the height ofthe apparatus; the greater the energy output. Height directly relates to potential energy. The greater the altitude the enclosure achieves in the lighter-than-the-sunounding-fluid mode, the more kinetic energy it achieves while falling after the mass ofthe enclosure has been altered to the heavier- than-the-sunounding-fluid mode. The height ofthe apparatus determines the amount of potential energy gained in the lift process via buoyancy.

[00226] Generally, energy input is only needed for every other mass alteration ofthe enclosures because energy is produced and is not consumed in going in the opposite direction by the next mass alteration. For example, if air is compressed into an enclosure to provide additional mass, power is generated as the air is expanded as it is released to reduce the mass ofthe enclosure going in the opposite direction - lighter-than-the-sunounding-fluid mode. Likewise, if a lifting gas is compressed to reduce lift, energy is produced as the lifting gas is expanded within an enclosure to again achieve lift.

[00227] Each enclosure attached to the rotary loop applies a constant lifting and gravitation pull to power rotation ofthe loop with the right side ofthe loop ' pulling upward (due to the lift of buoyancy) on the loop and the left side ofthe loop pulling downward on the loop (due to the downward pull of gravity). The greater the number of enclosures attached to the loop; the greater the combined power ofthe lifting force and downward gravity force of all ofthe enclosures working together. The greater the distance between the top and bottom sprockets (height ofthe apparatus); the greater the number of enclosures that may be attached with each new enclosure adding power to the loop and the greater the length of time that the force will be applied, as the force (lift or downward pull) will be constant until the mass of the enclosure is again altered. The greater the distance between the top sprocket and bottom sprocket ofthe apparatus the greater the time it takes to travel between the two sprockets.

[00228] The amount of energy that it takes to alter the mass of an enclosure is relatively constant. However, the amount of energy that can be generated by the present invention is only limited to the size ofthe enclosures and the height ofthe apparatus. The height relates to the amount of potential energy stored via altitude gained by the enclosures that may be converted to kinetic energy of motion by altering the mass ofthe enclosure to be heavier than the sunounding fluid so that it begins to fall and to pick up speed via gravity acceleration, thus converting its potential energy into kinetic energy.

[00229] Fig. 17 describes a power cycle (100) that uses the forces of buoyancy as an upward lift force and the force of gravity acceleration as a downward force in a cycle within a liquid sunounding mass (120). Additionally, a jet propulsion (128) motive force is generated via the process of rapidly filling gas bags (106) that displace liquid mass (120) through jet ports (116), which creates jet propulsion (128).

[00230] A series of enclosures (104) containing a gas bag (106) in each enclosure that is filled with a low density gas (118) to create lift. The enclosures (104) are sunounded by a liquid lifting fluid (120) having a greater density than the density ofthe low density gas (118), which causes the total density ofthe enclosures (104) to be lower than the density ofthe lifting fluid (120). The enclosures (104) are attached to a closed loop (not individually shown), such as a cable or a chain that is mounted on at least an upper sprocket (102) and a lower sprocket (122) to allow rotation ofthe loop around the sprockets (102 & 122). A high pressure line (110) and a low pressure line (114) are attached to the closed loop (not shown) and these lines (110 «& 114) rotate around the top sprocket (102) and bottom sprocket (112) along with the closed loop (not shown). Each enclosure (104) is lifted by the force of buoyancy within the liquid lifting fluid (120) until it reaches the top sprocket (102).

[00231 ] Upon reaching the top sprocket (102), the density ofthe enclosure (104) is altered so that its overall density per cubic foot is greater than the density of the lifting fluid (120). This is accomplished by withdrawal ofthe low density gas (118) from the gas bags (106). The enclosure (104) begins to move downward after passing over the top sprocket (102). Each enclosure (104) moves downward until it reaches the bottom sprocket (122).

[00232] Upon reaching the bottom sprocket (122), the gas bags (106) are filled with high pressure low density gas (118). Expansion ofthe gas bags (106) forces liquid (120) out ofthe enclosure (104) through a jet port (116), which creates a jet propulsion (128) via Newton's Third Law of an equal and opposite reaction. The jet propulsion (128) via the jet of water being forced out of the jet ports (116) helps to propel the enclosure (104) forward and supplies a supplemental motive force.

[00233] Filling the gas bags (106) with low density gases (118) again alters the overall mass ofthe enclosure (104) in relation to the sunounding liquid mass (120). The density ofthe enclosure (104) is altered so that its overall density per cubic feet is lower than the density ofthe higher density liquid lifting fluid (120). Alternately, altering the overall mass ofthe enclosure (104) may also be accomplished by forming a vacuum within the enclosure (104).

[00234] Each enclosure (104) is coupled to a hydro-turbine (108) attached to a gas compressor (112). The gas compressor (112) withdraws gas (118) from the gas bags (106) from which gas (118) must be removed and compresses the gas (118) into the gas bags (106) that must be filled. The inlet of each compressor (112) is connected to a low pressure suction line (114) and the discharge of each gas compressor (112) is connected to the high pressure gas supply line (110).

[00235] The hydro-turbines (108) are powered by the motion ofthe blades ofthe turbine (108) through the liquid sunounding mass (120) as the enclosures (104) to which the turbines (108) are attached rotate around the sprockets (102 & 122). [00236] Three separate forces (buoyancy, gravity acceleration, and jet propulsion) cause rotation ofthe enclosures (104) around the sprockets (102 & 122). Rotation ofthe enclosures (104) around the sprockets (102 & 122) is caused by the enclosures (104) on one left ofthe sprockets (102 & 122) having a higher density mass than the sunounding fluid (120), which causes gravity acceleration resulting in a downward motion ofthe enclosures (104) and the enclosures (104) on the right side of the sprockets (102 & 122) having gas bags (106) filled with low density gas (118) causing the enclosures (104) to have an overall density lower than the density ofthe sunounding fluid (120), which causes a lifting effect ofthe enclosures (104) by the principal of buoyancy that results in a rising motion ofthe enclosures (104), and by the jet propulsion (128) from the displacement of liquid (120) through the jet ports (116).

[00237] A useful power output is derived from the process by the rotation ofthe top sprocket (102) that is attached to an electrical generator (124) (alternatively may be a hydraulic pump, or a pneumatic compressor, or any other form of mechanical drive) by coupling the shaft (not shown) ofthe output sprocket (102) to the generator's (124) shaft (not shown). The generator (124) generates an electrical current (126) as an output.

[00238] The amount of energy derived by the process relates to the height ofthe apparatus (100). The greater the distance from top sprocket (102) to bottom sprocket (122) the more energy that is obtained because the amount of potential energy (generated by lifting ofthe enclosures (104) via the force of buoyancy) that can be converted to kinetic energy (via gravity acceleration) directly relates to the height at which the masses ofthe enclosures (104) are altered, causing the potential energy of height to be immediately converted to kinetic energy of motion.

[00239] The amount of input energy required to alter the mass ofthe enclosures (104) is relatively fixed, but the output energy ofthe process is only limited by the distance between the top sprocket (102) and bottom sprocket (122) as this relates to the amount of potential energy that is stored by the enclosures (104) via altitude that is immediately converted to kinetic energy as the enclosures (104) fall downward due to gravity acceleration after altering their mass to heavier than the sunound fluid (120).

[00240] Fig. 18 is a detail ofthe enclosure system (200) of Fig. 17. The enclosure system (200) consists of a rigid outer shell (202) made of strong lightweight materials. A flexible gas bag (204) is contained within the outer shell (202). The gas bag (204) is connected to a high pressure gas supply line (206) that supplies pressurized gas (208) to the gas bag (204). The gas bag (204) is also connected to a low pressure gas line (210) that removes gas (208) from the gas bags (204). A high pressure control valve (212) attached to the high pressure line (206) allows the gas bags (204) to be filled with high pressure gas (208) to inflate the gas bags (204) with a low density gas (208), such as helium, to provide lift. A low pressure control valve (222) on the low pressure line (210) allows gas (208) to be removed from the gas bags (204) to collapse the gas bags (204) so that lift is lost.

[00241] A hydro-turbine (214) is attached to a gas compressor (218) via a shaft (216). The turbine (214) rotates as the shell enclosure (202) moves through the sunounding liquid fluid (not shown). Rotation ofthe turbine (214) drives the compressor (218). The inlet ofthe compressor (218) draws gas (208) from the low pressure line (210) and compresses the gas (208) into the high pressure line (206).

[00242] When the gas bag (204) deflates due to withdrawal ofthe gas (208) via the suction side ofthe compressor (218), the sunounding fluid (not shown) fills the area previously occupied by low density gas (208), causing the enclosure system (200) to become heavier than the sunounding liquid fluid (not shown) due to the weight ofthe enclosure shell (202), turbine (214), gas compressor (218), shaft (216), etc., assuming these components are heavier than the sunounding liquid (not shown). The sunounding fluid (not shown) flows into the enclosure through a jet port (220) located at the rear ofthe enclosure shell (202), which is an opening to the surrounding fluid (not shown) in the enclosure shell (202).

[00243] The gas bag (208) is rapidly inflated by opening high pressure control valve (212) to the high pressure gas line (206) that supplies pressurized gas (208) to the gas bag (204). Inflation ofthe gas bag (204) displaces liquid (not shown) from within the enclosure shell (202). The liquid (not shown) rapidly flows out ofthe enclosure shell(202) through the jet port (220), creating jet propulsion (not shown) that propels the enclosure shell (202) forward via an equal and opposite reaction.

[00244] Fig. 19 describes a power cycle (300) that uses the forces of buoyancy as an upward lift force and the force of gravity acceleration as a downward force in a cycle within a gaseous surrounding mass (320).

[00245] A series of enclosures (304) containing a gas bag (306) in each enclosure that is filled with a low density gas (318), such as helium, to create lift are sunounded by a gaseous lifting fluid (320), such as air, having a greater density than the density ofthe low density gas (318), which causes the total density ofthe enclosures (304) to be lower than the density ofthe lifting fluid (320). The enclosures (304) are attached to a closed loop (not individually shown), such as a cable or a chain that is mounted on at least an upper sprocket (302) and a lower sprocket (322) to allow rotation ofthe loop around the sprockets (302 & 322). A high pressure compressed gas line (310) and a low pressure line low density gas line (314) are attached to the closed loop (not shown) and these lines (310 & 314) rotate around the top sprocket (302) and bottom sprocket (312) along with the closed loop (not shown). Each enclosure (304) is lifted by the force of buoyancy within the gaseous lifting fluid (320) until it reaches the top sprocket (302).

[00246] Upon reaching the top sprocket (302), the density ofthe enclosure (304) is altered so that its overall density per cubic foot is greater than the density of the lifting fluid (320). This is accomplished by closing the jet port control valve (330) and by compressing a supply ofthe sunounding fluid (320) via a gas compressor (312) into a high pressure compressed gas line (310). The compressed sunounding fluid (320) is supplied to the enclosure (304) via the high pressure compressed gas line (310) through control valve (328). The high pressure gaseous surrounding fluid (320) applies pressure against the pliable gas bag (306) within the enclosure (304). The low pressure, low density gas (318) within the gas bags (306) is forced out ofthe enclosure (304) and into the low pressure low density gas line (314), causing the removal ofthe low density gas (318) from the gas bag (306). The enclosure thus alters its mass to heavier than the sunounding fluid via being filled with heavy compressed surrounding gas (320) that is much heavier that the surrounding gaseous fluid (320) due to compression and by the removal of the low density lifting gas (318) from the enclosure (304). The enclosure (304) begins to move downward after passing over the top sprocket (302) via gravity acceleration. Each enclosure (304) moves downward until it reaches the bottom sprocket (322).

[00247] Upon reaching the bottom sprocket (322), the overall mass ofthe enclosure is again altered to be lighter than the gaseous sunounding fluid (320), which is accomplished by opening control valve (330) to the jet port (316), which allows the compressed sunounding gas (320) to flow out ofthe enclosure (304), providing a jet propulsion force (328), until the pressure ofthe gas within the enclosure (304) is equal to the pressure ofthe sunounding fluid (320). The pressure drop within the enclosure allows the higher pressure low density gas (318) supplied from the low density gas line (314) to fill the gas bags (306) once again.

[00248] Filling the gas bags (306) with low density gases (318) again alters the overall mass ofthe enclosure (304) in relation to the sunounding gaseous mass (320). The density ofthe enclosure (304) is altered so that its overall density per cubic feet is lower than the density ofthe higher density gaseous lifting fluid (320). Alternately, altering the overall mass ofthe enclosure (304) may also be accomplished by forming a vacuum within the enclosure (304).

[00249] Each enclosure (304) is coupled to a gas-turbine (308) attached to a gas compressor (312). The gas compressor (312) withdraws gas (320) from the sunounding gaseous fluid (320). The inlet of each compressor (312) is within the sunounding gaseous fluid (320) and the discharge of each gas compressor (312) is connected to the high pressure gas supply line (310) that contains pressurized surrounding gaseous fluid (320).

[00250] The gas-turbines (308) are powered by the motion ofthe blades of the turbine (308) through the gaseous sunounding mass (320) as the enclosures (304) to which the turbines (308) are attached rotate around sprockets (302 & 322).

[00251] Three separate forces (buoyancy, gravity acceleration, and jet propulsion) cause rotation ofthe enclosures (304) around the sprockets (302 & 322). Rotation ofthe enclosures (304) around the sprockets (302 & 322) is caused by the enclosures (304) on one left ofthe sprockets (302 & 322) having a higher density mass than the sunounding fluid (320), which causes gravity acceleration resulting in a downward motion ofthe enclosures (304) and the enclosures (304) on the right side of the sprockets (302 & 322) having gas bags (306) filled with low density gas (318) causing the enclosures (304) to have an overall density lower than the density ofthe sunounding fluid (320), which causes a lifting effect ofthe enclosures (304) by the principal of buoyancy that results in a rising motion ofthe enclosures (304), and by the jet propulsion (328) from the discharge ofthe compressed sunounding gaseous fluid (320) through the jet ports (316).

[00252] A useful power output is derived from the process by the rotation ofthe top sprocket (302) that is attached to an electrical generator (324) (alternatively may be a hydraulic pump, or a pneumatic compressor, or any other form of mechanical drive) by coupling the shaft (not shown) ofthe output sprocket (302) to the generator's (324) shaft (not shown). The generator (324) generates an electrical cunent (326) as an output.

[00253] The amount of energy derived by the process relates to the overall height ofthe apparatus (300). The greater the distance from top sprocket (302) to bottom sprocket (322) the more energy that is obtained because the amount of potential energy (generated by lifting ofthe enclosures (304) via the force of buoyancy) that can be converted to kinetic energy (via gravity acceleration) directly relates to the height at which the masses ofthe enclosures (304) are altered, causing the potential energy of height to be immediately converted to kinetic energy of motion.

[00254] The amount of input energy required to alter the mass ofthe enclosures (304) is relatively fixed, but the output energy ofthe process is only limited by the distance between the top sprocket (302) and bottom sprocket (322) as this relates to the amount of potential energy that is stored by the enclosures (304) via altitude that is immediately converted to kinetic energy as the enclosures (304) fall downward due to gravity acceleration after altering their mass to heavier than the sunound fluid (320). Greater distance between the sprockets (302 & 322) also allows a greater number of enclosures (304) to be attached to the closed loop (not shown) that surrounds the sprockets (302 & 322).

[00255] Using a gaseous sunounding mass (320), such as air (320), allows use of very low pressure, low density lifting gases (318), such as helium (318), to be used. The pressure of the low density helium (318) must only be slightly greater than atmospheric pressure so that the helium gas (318) is capable of displacing air (320) from the enclosure (304) as the gas bags (306) expand as they are being filled with helium (318) to make the enclosure (304) lighter-than-air. The low pressure ofthe helium (318) within the gas bags (306) in this example allows compressed air (320) of relatively low pressure to be used to displace the helium (318) to alter the mass to a heavier-than-air configuration at the top sprocket (302). This means that relatively low energy input is needed for compression ofthe sunounding air (320) for the cycle to work as the pressure ofthe compressed air (320) does not have to be much greater than atmospheric pressure.

[00256] However, the greater the degree of compression ofthe air (320) the more power the cycle will generate because the more compressed the air is (320) the more that it weighs per cubic foot. The more the air (320) weighs on the downward (left) side ofthe apparams (300); the greater the gravitational pull (higher mass) ofthe compressed air (320) and the greater its gravity acceleration, which means more power output for the cycle. Also, the jet propulsion effect of highly compressed air (320) is greater than that of air (320) having a lower pressure.

[00257] Fig. 20 is a detail ofthe enclosure system (400) of Fig. 19. The enclosure system (400) consists of a rigid outer shell (402) made of strong lightweight materials. A flexible gas bag (404) is contained within the outer shell (402). The gas bag (404) is connected to a low pressure, low density gas line (410) that adds or removes low density gas (408), such as helium, from the gas bags (404).

[00258] A gas-turbine (414) is attached to a gas compressor (418) via a shaft (416) is coupled to the shell enclosure (402). The turbine (414) rotates as the shell enclosure (402) moves through the sunounding gaseous fluid (not shown), like a wind turbine. Rotation ofthe turbine (414) drives the compressor (418). The inlet (424) ofthe compressor (418) draws gas (not shown) from the sunounding gaseous fluid (not shown) and compresses the gas (not shown) into the high pressure line (406).

[00259] Jet port control valve (422) is closed and a high pressure control valve (412) connected to the high pressure gas line (406) supplies high pressure compressed gas (not shown) into the inside ofthe shell enclosure (402) on the outside ofthe gas bag (404). The high pressure sunounding fluid (not shown) forces the gas (408) out ofthe gas bag (404) and into the low pressure gas line (410) due to its greater pressure. Forcing the gas (408) out ofthe gas bag (404) causes lift to be lost because the enclosure shell (402) is filled with heavy compressed gaseous sunounding fluid (not shown).

[00260] When the gas bag (404) deflates due to displacement ofthe low density gas (408) by the high pressure, heavy compressed gas (not shown) that fills the enclosure (402), the enclosure system (400) becomes heavier than the sunounding gaseous fluid (not shown) due to the weight ofthe heavy compressed gas, enclosure shell (402), turbine (414), gas compressor (418), shaft (416), etc., assuming these components are heavier than the sunounding gaseous (not shown).

[00261 ] Upon reaching the bottom sprocket (not shown) of Fig. 19, the jet port control valve (422) opens and the compressed gas (not shown)rapidly flows out ofthe enclosure shell (402) through the jet port (420), creating jet propulsion (not shown) that propels the enclosure shell (402) forward via an equal and opposite reaction.

[00262] The reduction in pressure within the enclosure shell (402) due to opening the jet port control valve (422) allows the low pressure, low density gas line (410) to supply low density gas (408) to fill the gas bag (404) to re-establish lift.

[00263] Fig. 21 describes a method of operation within a liquid sunounding mass that is the prefened embodiment ofthe present invention. A series of enclosures (504) containing a gas bag (506) in each enclosure that is filled with a low density gas (518), such as helium, to create lift are sunounded by a liquid lifting fluid (520), such as water, having a greater density than the density ofthe low density gas (518), which causes the total density ofthe enclosures (504) to be lower than the density ofthe lifting fluid (520). The enclosures (504) are attached to a closed loop (not individually shown), such as a cable or a chain that is mounted on at least an upper sprocket (502) and a lower sprocket (522) to allow rotation ofthe loop around the sprockets (502 & 522). A high pressure pressurized liquid line (510) and a low pressure line low density gas line (514) are attached to the closed loop (not shown) and these lines (510 & 514) rotate around the top sprocket (502) and bottom sprocket (512) along with the closed loop (not shown). Each enclosure (504) is lifted by the force of buoyancy within the gaseous lifting fluid (520) until it reaches the top sprocket (502).

[00264] Upon reaching the top sprocket (502), the density ofthe enclosure (504) is altered so that its overall density per cubic foot is greater than the density of the lifting fluid (520). This is accomplished by closing the jet port control valve (530) and by pressurizing a supply ofthe sunounding liquid fluid (520) via a hydraulic pump (512) into a high pressure liquid line (510). The compressed sunounding fluid (520) is supplied to the enclosure (504) via the high pressure liquid line (510) through control valve (528). The high pressure liquid surrounding fluid (520) applies pressure against the pliable gas bag (506) within the enclosure (504). The low pressure, low density gas (518) within the gas bags (506) is forced out ofthe enclosure (504) and into the low pressure low density gas line (514), causing the removal ofthe low density gas (518) from the gas bag (506). The enclosure thus alters its mass to heavier than the sunounding fluid via being filled with heavy compressed sunounding liquid (520) that is equal in weight to the sunounding gaseous fluid (520) and by the removal ofthe low density lifting gas (518) from the enclosure (504). Assuming that the weight ofthe materials from which the enclosure (504), turbine (508), and hydraulic pump (512) are made are much heavier than the sunounding liquid (520) making the overall density ofthe enclosure (504) much heavier than the sunounding fluid (520). The enclosure (504) begins to move downward after passing over the top sprocket (502) via gravity acceleration. Each enclosure (504) on the left side ofthe loop (not shown) moves downward until it reaches the bottom sprocket (522).

[00265] Upon reaching the bottom sprocket (522), the overall mass ofthe enclosure is again altered to be lighter than the gaseous surrounding fluid (520), which is accomplished by opening control valve (530) to the jet port (516), which allows the compressed sunounding liquid (520) to flow out ofthe enclosure (504), providing a jet propulsion force (528), until the pressure ofthe gas within the enclosure (504) is equal to the pressure ofthe sunounding fluid (520). The pressure drop within the enclosure allows the higher pressure low density gas (518) supplied from the low density gas line (514) to fill the gas bags (506) once again, which also acts to displace any remaining liquid (520) within the enclosure (504).

[00266] Filling the gas bags (506) with low density gases (518) again alters the overall mass ofthe enclosure (504) in relation to the sunounding liquid mass (520). The density ofthe enclosure (504) is altered so that its overall density per cubic feet is lower than the density ofthe higher density sunounding liquid lifting fluid (520).

[00267] Each enclosure (504) is coupled to a hydro-turbine (508) attached to a hydraulic pump (512). The hydraulic pump (512) withdraws liquid (520) from the sunounding liquid fluid (520). The inlet of each hydraulic pump (512) is within the sunounding liquid fluid (520) and the discharge of each hydraulic pump (512) is connected to the high pressure liquid supply line (510) that contains pressurized sunounding liquid fluid (520).

[00268]. The hydro-turbines (508) are powered by the motion ofthe blades ofthe turbine (508) through the liquid sunounding mass (520) as the enclosures (504) to which the turbines (508) are attached rotate around sprockets (502 & 522).

[00269] Three separate forces (buoyancy, gravity acceleration, and jet propulsion) cause rotation ofthe enclosures (504) around the sprockets (502 & 522). Rotation ofthe enclosures (504) around the sprockets (502 & 522) is caused by the enclosures (504) on one left ofthe sprockets (502 & 522) having a higher density mass than the sunounding liquid fluid (520), which causes gravity acceleration resulting in a downward motion ofthe enclosures (504) and the enclosures (504) on the right side ofthe sprockets (502 & 522) having gas bags (506) filled with low density gas (518) causing the enclosures (504) to have an overall density lower than the density ofthe sunounding liquid fluid (520), which causes a lifting effect ofthe enclosures (504) by the principal of buoyancy that results in a rising motion ofthe enclosures (504), and by the jet propulsion (528) from the discharge ofthe pressurized sunounding liquid fluid (520) through the jet ports (516).

[00270] A useful power output is derived from the process by the rotation ofthe top sprocket (502) that is attached to an electrical generator (524) (alternatively may be a hydraulic pump, or a pneumatic compressor, or any other form of mechanical drive) by coupling the shaft (not shown) ofthe output sprocket (502) to the generator's (524) shaft (not shown). The generator (524) generates an electrical cunent (526) as an output.

[00271 ] The amount of energy derived by the process relates to the overall height ofthe apparatus (500). The greater the distance from top sprocket (502) to bottom sprocket (522) the more energy that is obtained because the amount of potential energy (generated by lifting ofthe enclosures (504) via the force of buoyancy) that can be converted to kinetic energy (via gravity acceleration) directly relates to the height at which the masses ofthe enclosures (504) are altered, causing the potential energy of height to be immediately converted to kinetic energy of motion.

[00272] The amount of input energy required to alter the mass ofthe enclosures (504) is relatively fixed, but the output energy ofthe process is only limited by the distance between the top sprocket (502) and bottom sprocket (522) as this relates to the amount of potential energy that is stored by the enclosures (504) via altitude that is immediately converted to kinetic energy as the enclosures (504) fall downward due to gravity acceleration after altering their mass to heavier than the sunound fluid liquid (520). Greater distance between the sprockets (502 & 522) also allows a greater number of enclosures (504) to be attached to the closed loop (not shown) that sunounds the sprockets (502 & 522).

[00273] More power is generated by the process of Fig. 21 using a liquid sunounding fluid (520) than by using a gaseous sunounding fluid as in Fig. 19 because the buoyancy of a gas within a liquid if far greater than the buoyancy of a low i density gas (518) within a higher density gas. For example, the lifting capacity of water is equal to the weight ofthe water via the principal of buoyancy which is 62 pounds per cubic feet. The lifting capacity of air is merely .078 pounds per cubic feet. Water can provide a lift force 795 times greater than the lift force of air via the principal of buoyancy, thus a more powerful energy production apparatus may be created within a liquid surrounding fluid (520) than may be created within a gaseous sunounding fluid.

[00274] A liquid sunounding mass (520) creates a substantial hydrostatic pressure at depth. The pressure ofthe low density gas (318) must exceed the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom ofthe loop (not shown) where the low density gas (518) displaces liquid (520) from the enclosure (504) through the jet ports (516). Likewise at the top of sprocket (502), the pressure ofthe compressed liquid sunounding fluid (520) within the liquid supply line (510) then must be greater than the pressure ofthe low density gas (518) in order to force the gas (518) out ofthe gas bags (506) and the enclosure (504) into the low density gas supply line (514).

[00275] Low density gas (518) forced out ofthe gas bags (506) at the top sprocket (502) into the low density gas supply line (514) flows through the supply line (514) to the bottom sprocket (522) where it flows into another gas bag (506) within another enclosure (504) in a cycle. This allows the same supply of gas (518) to be continuously moved from a top enclosure (504) to a bottom enclosure (504) through the gas line (514) without being compressed by the process ofthe high pressure liquid (520) forcing the gas (518) from the gas bags (506) at the top sprocket (502).

[00276] The pressure ofthe gas (518) must be greater than the hydrostatic pressure ofthe sunounding liquid (520) at the bottom sprocket (522) in order for the gas bag (506) to fill by displacing the sunounding liquid (520) from the enclosure (504).

[00277] Fig. 22 is a detail ofthe enclosure system (600) of Fig. 21. The enclosure system (600) consists of a rigid outer shell (602) made of strong lightweight materials. A flexible gas bag (604) is contained within the outer shell (602). The gas bag (604) is connected to a low pressure, low density gas line (610) that adds or removes low density gas (608), such as helium, from the gas bags (604).

[00278] A hydro-turbine (614) is attached to a hydraulic pump (618) via a shaft (616) is coupled to the shell enclosure (602). The turbine (614) rotates as the shell enclosure (602) moves through the sunounding liquid fluid (not shown). Rotation ofthe hydro-turbine (614) drives the hydraulic pump (618). The inlet (624) ofthe hydraulic pump (618) draws liquid (not shown) from the sunounding liquid fluid (not shown) and pressurizes the liquid (not shown) into the high pressure liquid line (606).

[00279] Jet port control valve (622) is closed and a high pressure control valve (612) connected to the high pressure liquid line (606) supplies pressurized liquid (not shown) into the inside ofthe shell enclosure (602) on the outside ofthe gas bag (604). The high pressure liquid (not shown) forces the gas (608) out ofthe gas bag (604) and into the low pressure gas line (610) due to its greater pressure. Forcing the gas (608) out ofthe gas bag (604) causes lift to be lost because the enclosure shell (602) is filled with heavy pressurized liquid (not shown).

[00280] When the gas bag (604) deflates due to displacement ofthe low density gas (608) by the high pressure, heavy pressurized liquid (not shown) that fills the enclosure (602), the enclosure system (600) becomes heavier than the sunounding liquid fluid (not shown) due to the weight ofthe heavy liquid within the enclosure (not shown), the enclosure shell (602), turbine (614), gas compressor (618), shaft (616), etc., assuming these components are heavier than the sunounding liquid (not shown).

[00281] Upon reaching the bottom sprocket (not shown) of Fig. 21, the jet port control valve (622) opens and the pressurized liquid (not shown) rapidly flows out ofthe enclosure shell (602) through the jet port (620), creating jet propulsion (not shown) that propels the enclosure shell (602) forward via an equal and opposite reaction.

[00282] The reduction in pressure within the enclosure shell (602) due to opening the jet port control valve (622) allows the low density gas line (610) to supply low density gas (608) to fill the gas bag (604) to re-establish lift and to push liquid out ofthe enclosure shell (602) through the jet port (620) because the pressure ofthe low density gas (608) is greater than the hydrostatic pressure ofthe sunounding liquid (not shown).

[00283] Also disclosed but not illustrated are horizontal embodiments that may be accomplished by a rapid rotation around a vertical axis apparatus to create a simulated gravity effect via an outward centrifugal force caused by the rapid rotation. This embodiment ofthe present invention may be used to provide power in space as rotation ofthe device would be much easier to accomplish. The rapid rotation will therefore cause a bubble to float toward the center ofthe rotating apparatus within a liquid sunounding fluid due to the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the liquid fluid due to the rotation that causes centrifugal force that acts much like gravity. If the rotation has sufficient velocity, the artificial gravity force can become much greater than the actual force of gravity produced by the gravitational pull ofthe earth. The greater the rotation the greater the hydrostatic pressure exerted in the axial direction due to rotation around the vertical axis. Each spoke of a "wagon wheel" shaped device may produce an inward and an outward cycle of motion of an enclosure containing a body of mass by alternately changing the mass to lighter-than-the-sunounding- fluid and then heavier-than-the-sunounding-fluid in an alternating cycle. The kinetic energy of the inward and outward motion may be harnessed to provide useful power.

[00284] Another embodiment not illustrated has liquid fluid, such as water or hydraulic fluid that may be used as a liquid working fluid within a gaseous sunounding lifting fluid, such as air or nitrogen. Enclosures with wind turbines to generate power rotate around an upper and a lower sprocket. Power is also produced by the rotation ofthe sprockets. Three fluid lines are needed that also rotate around the sprockets: a high pressure liquid supply line, a low pressure liquid supply line, and a lifting gas supply line.

[00285] The high pressure liquid line supplies liquid to the enclosures at substantial height. The high pressure liquid forces lower pressure lifting gas out of gas bags within the enclosure shell into the lifting gas line. The enclosure falls on the left side ofthe sprockets being much heavier than air. At the bottom sprocket the high pressure liquid is released into the low pressure liquid line and the gas bag fills with lifting gas from the lifting gas supply line because the pressure ofthe lifting gas is greater than the pressure ofthe low pressure liquid supply line. The enclosure rises on the right side ofthe sprockets to the top sprocket being lighter than the air via the lifting fluid.

[00286] The turbines on the enclosures drive hydraulic pumps to pump liquid from the low pressure liquid into the high pressure liquid line, pressurizing the liquid in the process. Output power is produced by rotation ofthe sprockets that drive a generator or other mechanical device.

[00287] The low density gas must have a pressure greater than the hydrostatic pressure ofthe low pressure liquid at the bottom sprocket in order to displace the low pressure liquid from the enclosures into the low pressure liquid line. The high pressure liquid line must have a pressure greater than the pressure ofthe low density gas line in order to force the gas out ofthe gas bags into the low density supply line. The gas in not compressed because as gas is forced out of gas bags by the high pressure line, gas is supplied to gas bags at the bottom sprocket. The gas merely flows from the top sprocket through the low density gas line to the bottom sprocket to gas bags in a continuous cycle.

[00288] Another embodiment not illustrated is operated in air where a portion ofthe wind turbines moving through the air attached to the enclosures produces a vacuum to provide vacuum lift on the lighter-than-air upward side ofthe rotation around upper and lower sprockets and the other wind turbines compresses air into the enclosures on the heavier-than-air downward side ofthe rotation around the sprockets. Vacuum lines and compressed air lines rotate around the sprockets. Compressed air is supplied to the top enclosures to cause them to be heavier than air and the energy stored in the compressed air is used for propulsion via jet ports. A negative vacuum pressure is supplied via the vacuum line to the enclosures at the bottom sprocket to make the enclosures lighter-than-air so the enclosures rise in air. This apparatus may be used free of sprockets, in the atmosphere in an up and down cycle to create lighter-than-air aviation.

[00289] In another embodiment not illustrated is a liquid sunounding fluid a vacuum may be formed to create lift. An up and down cycle may be created by use of a vacuum to create an upward motion of an enclosure via the principal of buoyancy. The mass ofthe enclosure is altered to heavier than the surrounding liquid by allowing the vacuum to be lost and the enclosure filled with the sunounding fluid to cause the enclosure to create a downward motion within the sunounding liquid.

[00290] Motion of hydro-turbines connected to enclosures through the water drives the turbines' blades to generate power to drive a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pumps withdraw liquid via a vacuum line from the enclosures to form a vacuum within the enclosures to provide lift on the up side ofthe power cycle. The enclosures are flooded with the sunounding liquid to make them heavier than the sunounding liquid due to the weight ofthe enclosure, turbine, and hydraulic pump, etc. that weighs more than the sunound liquid on the down side ofthe power cycle. Also a heavier than the sunounding fluid could be used on the down side to make the enclosure even heavier, which would require use of a heavier than the sunounding fluid line, having pumping ofthe fluid performed by a portion ofthe hydraulic pumps powered by the hydro-turbines.

[00291 ] Yet another embodiment not illustrated is a rapid rotation around a vertical axis to create a simulated gravity effect via an outward centrifugal force caused by the rapid rotation. This embodiment ofthe present invention may be used to provide power in space as rotation ofthe device would be much easier to accomplish. The rapid rotation will therefore cause a bubble to float toward the center ofthe rotating apparatus within a liquid sunounding fluid due to the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the liquid fluid due to the rotation that causes centrifugal force that acts much like gravity. If the rotation has sufficient velocity, the artificial gravity force can become much greater than the actual force of gravity produced by the gravitational pull ofthe earth. The greater the rotation the greater the hydrostatic pressure exerted in the axial direction due to rotation around the vertical axis. Each spoke of a "wagon wheel" shaped device may produce an inward and an outward cycle of motion by alternately changing the mass to lighter-than-the-sunounding-fluid and then heavier-than-the-sunounding-fluid in an alternating cycle. The kinetic energy ofthe inward and outward motion may be harnessed to provide useful power.

[00292] hi yet another embodiment ofthe invention, a gravity loop is capable of rotation solely from these two forces of gravity that simultaneous act upon the loop. Buoyancy provides a lifting force to pull upward on one half of the loop and gravity acceleration provides a downward pull on the opposite half of the loop at the same time, having the advantage that the output of power is doubled as each of these forces are of approximately equal power. The loop rotates within an housing that is filled with a liquid lifting fluid having a high mass on one side and is filled with a gaseous lifting fluid having a low mass on the opposite side. The oval shaped loop is divided into hollow segments to form a cellular structure. High mass liquid fills the segments or cells ofthe loop that are on the low mass gas side ofthe housing, causing the high mass liquid filled segments to sink within the low mass gas via gravity acceleration. Low mass gas fills the cells ofthe loop that are on the high mass liquid side ofthe housing, causing a lifting force ofthe segments via buoyancy. Thus the loop is simultaneously lifted upward on one side and is pulled downward on the opposite side to cause rotation ofthe loop.

[00293] The segments are filled with liquid from the liquid side ofthe housing at the top ofthe loop's rotation through the liquid so that as it passes from the liquid side ofthe housing to the gas side ofthe housing segments ofthe loop are filled with high mass liquid. The liquid filled segments ofthe loop within the gas side of the housing create gravity acceleration.

[00294] Then when the segments ofthe loop rotate to the bottom ofthe gas side ofthe housing, they empty out the liquid prior to entering the liquid side ofthe housing so that the segments ofthe loop are only filled with gas when they enter the liquid side ofthe housing. Thus, the gas filled segments ofthe loop within the liquid side ofthe housing create buoyancy.

[00295] An upward motion ofthe loop is generated by the force of buoyancy within the liquid side ofthe housing and simultaneously a downward motion ofthe loop is generated by the force of gravity acceleration by the high mass contained in the segments on the gas filled side ofthe housing. These combined powerful forces cause a powerful rotation ofthe loop. The present invention is thus capable of generating substantial energy via harnessing the upward motion caused by the force of buoyancy and the downward motion caused by the force of gravity concurrently in a cycle.

[00296] Additional energy may be produced using the kinetic energy of the high mass liquid to drive a hydro-turbine as it is discharged from the cells at the bottom ofthe loop on the gas filled side ofthe housing. This energy may be used to drive pumps for a ground loop system to provide low temperature geothermal heat for vaporization ofthe liquid or may be used to generate additional electrical power via a generator, or to perform other mechanical drive functions. However, another important function that the energy provided by the turbine may be used for is to provide heat via electrical resistance heating strips to vaporize the liquid for a vaporization / condensation cycle explained below.

[00297] The liquid may be returned to the liquid filled side ofthe housing by several different methods such as, a hydraulic pump, vaporization and condensation ofthe liquid, pressured gas on the gas filled side ofthe housing to provide sufficient pressure to prevent the liquid from entering that side ofthe housing, etc. Pressurized gas may be provided by vaporization of a high vapor pressure low- boiling-point-liquid or may be provided using a gas compressor to provide sufficient pressure to prevent the liquid from entering that side ofthe housing. However, in the prefened embodiment ofthe invention, a vacuum is formed within the gas side ofthe housing via a vacuum pump. The low pressure formed by the vacuum pump allows a liquid, such as water or a low-boiling-point-liquid to be vaporized using very low temperatures that may be provided from low temperature geothermal heat sources, ambient temperature air, electrical heat provided by electrical resistance heating, or any other low temperature heat source. The vapor is then condensed by a condenser that is positioned over the top ofthe liquid filled side ofthe housing at the same rate that the vapor is produced to create a vaporization / condensation cycle.

[00298] The advantage ofthe vaporization / condensation cycle to return the liquid to the liquid filled side ofthe housing is that it is not height dependent. Pumping requires more energy as the liquid filled side becomes taller because the pumping energy must overcome the hydrostatic head ofthe liquid that increases with height. The vaporization / condensation cycle is not height dependant because the vapor rises to height via its own vapor pressure; therefore, the energy input remains relatively constant regardless ofthe height at which condensation takes place. This allows the potential of constructing very tall loops without having to input greater energy as additional height is attained.

[00299] The height ofthe loop determines the output energy as the greater the height at which the cells are filled with liquid (potential energy of height); the longer they will apply a gravity acceleration force and the force itself will be greater because the force is the cumulative weight ofthe cells. The higher the loop the more cells it may contain, which means more mass to apply the gravitational acceleration force.

[00300] Likewise, the greater the height ofthe loop and subsequently the depth ofthe liquid filled side ofthe housing; the longer the gas filled cells remains in the liquid filled side ofthe housing to provide a buoyant lifting force (potential energy of depth within the liquid) and the greater the depth the more cells that may be used to apply a greater cumulative lifting force.

[00301] Fig. 23 illustrates a gravity powered loop (100) that simultaneously uses the forces of buoyancy as an upward lifting force to create an upward motion and the force of gravity acceleration as a downward force to create a downward motion in a cycle within a housing (102) being on the left side a liquid (104) surrounding mass and on the right side being a gaseous (106) sunounding mass.

[00302] The loop (100) makes a rotary path around a series of rollers (110) that hold it in place. The loop (100) is divided into segments or cells (108). Each cell (108) contains an internal hydraulic or pneumatic system unit (112) that opens and closes valves or doorways (114) that may allow liquid (104) to either enter into the cell (108) or be discharged from the cell (108).

[00303] As each gas (106) filled cell (108) rotates to the top ofthe loop (100) on the liquid (104) filled right side ofthe housing (102), the doorways (114) open and allow liquid (104) to fill the cell (108). The liquid (104) filled cell (108) rotates over the top rollers (110) and passes through the upper seals (116) that prevent liquid (104) from being lost from the liquid (104) filled side ofthe housing (102). After passing through the seals (116), the cell (108) passes into the gas (106) filled left side ofthe housing (102). The cell (108) contains high mass liquid (104) and is within a low mass gaseous (106) enviromnent. The high mass liquid (104) filled cell (108) moves in the downward direction and increases its velocity due to the effect of gravity acceleration.

[00304] As the liquid (104) filled cell (108) reaches the bottom of the gas (106) filled side ofthe housing (102), the doorways (114) open and the liquid (104) is allowed to exit from the cell (108) via gravity acceleration. The liquid (104) discharged from the cell (108) possesses substantial kinetic energy via gravity acceleration and flows through a hydro-turbine (118) to harness the kinetic energy of the high mass liquid (104).

[00305] The hydro-turbine (118) may be connected to a generator (120) to produce electricity (122) and the electricity may be used to provide heat via electrical resistance heating. The power ofthe hydro-turbine (118) may also be used to drive any mechanical device. In this the prefened embodiment ofthe invention, a heat pipe system (124) that requires no pump provides low temperature geothermal heat to vaporize the liquid (104).

[00306] After the liquid (104) is discharged from the cell (108) at the bottom ofthe gas (106) filled side ofthe housing (102), the cell (108), which is now filled with gas (106), passes through the lower rollers (110) and passes through the lower seals (116) and enters the liquid (104) filled side ofthe housing (102). The lower seals (126) prevent liquid (104) from escaping from the liquid (104) filled side ofthe housing (102). After passing through the lower seals (126), the gas (106) filled cell (108) is sunounded by liquid (104), which causes buoyancy to occur due to the greater gravitational pull ofthe earth on the high mass liquid (104) than the low mass gas (106) within the cell (108). This buoyant gravitational force creates an upward pull and an upward motion ofthe cell (108) within the high mass liquid (104), which provides power for rotation ofthe loop (100).

[00307] Rollers (110) are used to obtain mechanical drive from the rotating loop (100). The rollers (110) are rotated by motion ofthe loop (100) as it rotates past the rollers (110). The shaft (126) ofthe rollers (110) is rotatably attached to an electrical generator (120) to produce electrical power (122).

[00308] A vaporization / condensation cycle is used to return the liquid (104) to the liquid (104) filled side ofthe housing (102). A vacuum pump (128) provides a low pressure environment on the gas (106) filled side ofthe housing (102). The low pressure allows the liquid (104) to vaporize at a lower temperature. A low temperature heat source, geothermal heat, is supplied to the liquid (104) at the bottom ofthe gas (106) filled side ofthe housing (102) via heat pipes (124), which causes vaporization ofthe liquid (104).

[00309] The gaseous vapor (106) rises due to its own vapor pressure and due to the pull ofthe vacuum pump (128) located at the top ofthe housing (102). After passing through the vacuum pump (128), the pressure ofthe vapor (106) is increased and it flows into a condenser (130) and is condensed back to the liquid (104) state. The condenser (130) consists of a fan (132) driven by an electric motor (134). The fan (132) blows ambient temperature air (136) through the condenser (130) in order to reject heat the latent heat of condensation from the gaseous vapor (106) as it condenses. The liquid (104) flows from the condenser (130) through hydro-turbine (138) then flows back into the top ofthe liquid (104) column within the liquid (104) filled side ofthe housing (102) to return the liquid (104) that is used to fill the cells (108) ofthe loop (100) with liquid (104). The hydro-turbine (138) drives an electrical generator (120).

[00310] The cells (108) are opened and closed by proximity sensors (not shown) that direct the cells to open and close at the proper locations, hydraulic or pneumatic controllers such as solenoid valve(not shown), and other devices normally used to remotely open and close the doorways (114) ofthe cells (108) ofthe loop (100). Additionally, electrical power (not shown) or hydraulic power (not shown) or pneumatic power (not shown) are provided to operate the opening and closing ofthe cells (108) within the loop (100).

[00311] When introducing aspects of the invention or embodiments thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the", and "said" are intended to mean that there are one or more ofthe elements. The terms "comprising", "including", and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

[00312] In view ofthe above, it will be seen that several aspects ofthe invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained. As various changes could be made in the above exemplary constructions and methods without departing from the scope ofthe invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

[00313] It is further to be understood that the steps described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method of generating energy from the potential energy of position, comprising: positioning a working fluid at a high mass state at significant elevation within a first column containing a working fluid at a low mass vapor state; positioning the working fluid at a low mass vapor state within a second column of a working fluid at a high mass liquid state; and altering a mass state ofthe working fluid between the high mass liquid state and the low mass vapor state between the first column and the second column.

2. The method of claim 1, further including providing thermal energy to alter the mass state ofthe working fluid.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein altering includes electrolysis of water in gaseous hydrogen and oxygen at substantial depth within a column of water.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein altering includes vaporization of a liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid at a low elevation and continuous condensation ofthe vapor formed at substantial height.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein altering includes continuous vaporization of a liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid into high pressure vapor within a liquid column at great depth.

6. The method of claim 6 wherein continuous vaporization ofthe liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid into high pressure vapor within a liquid column at great depth includes using geothermal heat energy.

7. The method of claim 1, further including electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen within the atmosphere via separation ofthe oxygen and hydrogen so that the low mass hydrogen may initiate a lifting force within the higher mass atmosphere

8. The method of claim 1 wherein continuously altering the mass of a column of liquid includes positioning low mass vapor on one side of a closed U-shaped tube that forms a continuous loop.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the working fluid is natural gas.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein continuously positioning high pressure vapor into a liquid column includes using the existing pressure ofthe high pressure vapor to overcome the hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid column.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising injecting high pressure natural gas into a liquid column using a naturally occurring high pressure natural gas to overcome the hydrostatic pressure ofthe liquid column.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising continuous formation of steam within a column of water at reasonably shallow depth due to the reasonably low vapor pressure of steam.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising using gas fonned from melting frozen methane hydrates located on the floor of an ocean.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein altering the mass of a column is a function of heating a sectional portion ofthe column.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein altering includes cooling a sectional portion ofthe column.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein positioning, positioning and altering form one unified power loop.

17. A method of heat exchange rejecting heat to the ground, the method comprising: extracting heat from the ground; vaporizing liquid phase low-boiling-point-liquid into vapor phase low-boiling- point-liquid; and condensing vapor phase low-boiling-point-liquid to liquid phase low-boiling- point-liquid.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein extracting, vaporizing and condensing beneficially utilize heat pipes.

19. A method of producing energy using gravitational energy, the method comprising: introducing a body of mass within a sunounding fluid, said body of mass being less dense than the sunounding fluid and rising within the sunounding fluid as a function of buoyancy; altering the mass density in relationship to the surrounding fluid to have greater density than the sunounding fluid, thereby causing a downward motion ofthe body of mass within the sunounding fluid as a function of gravity; altering the density ofthe body of mass in relationship to the surrounding fluid to be less dense than the sunounding fluid thereby rising as a function of buoyancy; altering the body of mass to be more dense than the sunounding fluid so that the body of mass falls in a downward motion in an alternating cycle; and generating energy from the upward and downward motion ofthe introduced body of mass within the sunounding fluid that is generated by the rising and then alternately falling cycle.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the buoyancy and gravity acceleration are created by the gravitational pull ofthe earth, which exerts a greater pull on bodies of higher density mass than on bodies of lower density mass.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the rising potential energy is generated within the body of mass that rises.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein an amount of potential energy increases with altitude.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein the rising and the sinking cycle is created by introducing a body of mass that has the capability to alter its mass in relationship to the sunounding body of mass to make the introduced body of mass less dense than the sunounding mass so that it rises within the sunounding mass and then make the introduced body of mass more dense than the sunounding body of mass so that it sinks within the sunounding body of mass in an alternating cycle.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the introduced body of mass of claim 1 first rises and then falls in a cycle by altering the density of its mass in relationship to the density ofthe sunounding body of mass.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the body of mass is a low density gas that may be expanded and compressed to alter its density in relationship to the surrounding mass.

26. The method of claim 24 wherein the body of mass may be heated and cooled to alter its density in relationship to the surrounding mass.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein the body of mass is within an enclosure.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the enclosure is sealed.

29. The method of claim 27 wherein the enclosure is partially open.

30. The method of claim 27 wherein the enclosure is configured to hold a vacuum.

31. The method of claim 19 wherein generating includes generating energy by a turbine that converts kinetic energy of motion ofthe body of mass into mechanical energy. •

32. The method of claim 27 wherein the body of mass is in an enclosure that is attached to a rotational mechanism whereby a shaft drives an energy conversion device.

33. The method of claim 19, further comprising injecting a low density gas into a sunounding liquid mass thereby creating a gas-lift pumping energy.

34. The method of claim 33, further including generating energy as a function of flowing water and gas through a turbine that rotates a turbine shaft whereby the rotating shaft ofthe turbine drives an energy conversion device.

35. The method of claim 19, further comprising injecting a low density gas into an enclosure containing a high density liquid, said injecting displacing all or a portion ofthe liquid within the enclosure thereby lowering the density ofthe contents ofthe enclosure in relationship to the sunounding mass so that the enclosure containing the gas rises within the sunounding fluid.

36. The method of claim 19, wherein the body of mass may be a low density gas within an enclosure, further comprising injecting a high density liquid into the enclosure to displace all or a portion ofthe gas within the enclosure to increase the density ofthe enclosure to alter its density in relationship to the sunounding mass so that the enclosure containing the liquid sinks within the sunounding fluid.

37. The method of claim 19 wherein the body of mass is an enclosure configured to hold a vacuum, further comprising lowing the mass ofthe density ofthe enclosure to have a lower density mass than the mass ofthe sunounding fluid so that the enclosure rises within the sunounding fluid.

38. The method of claim 19 wherein the body of mass is an enclosure configured to hold a vacuum, further comprising releasing a vacuum within the enclosure and filling the enclosure with sunounding liquid to cause the enclosure to have a higher density mass than the mass ofthe sunounding fluid so that the enclosure sinks within the sunounding fluid.

39. The method of claim 19, further comprising forming a body of low density gas within a sunounding high density mass of liquid.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising vaporizing a low-boiling point liquid to form the low density gas.

41. The method of claim 40 wherein vaporization ofthe low-boiling-point- liquid into a gas is a function of geothermal heat produced by a geothermal well.

42. The method of claim 39, further comprising separating water by electrolysis to form hydrogen and oxygen gases.

43. The method of claim 39, further comprising melting frozen methane gas on an ocean floor to form the low density gas.

44. The method of claim 19, further comprising placing a body of low density gas within a sunounding high density mass of liquid.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein the body of low density gas placed within a sunounding high density mass of liquid is natural gas that is placed within the a sunounding high density mass of liquid using the existing pressure ofthe natural gas from a natural gas well or using the pressure supplied by a natural gas pipeline.

46. A method of producing energy, the method comprising: providing an enclosure configured to hold a low density gas; providing a sunounding mass that acts as a lifting fluid that surrounds the enclosure; introducing a gas having a density lower that the density of a sunounding lifting fluid into the enclosure to create lift ofthe enclosure as a function of buoyancy, wherein the enclosure rises in elevation; compressing all or a portion ofthe gas within the enclosure or releasing all or a portion ofthe vacuum within the enclosure to reduce the lift generated by the force of buoyancy, after the desired elevation has been reached; and generating energy from the upward and downward kinetic energy of motion of the enclosure in an alternating and downward cycle.

47. A method of producing energy, the method comprising: providing an enclosure configured to hold a body of mass; providing a rotation around an axis to create a centrifugal force in an outward direction; providing a sunounding fluid mass that acts as a lifting fluid that sunounds the enclosure that holds a body of mass within the rotating device, the sunounding fluid mass fonning a hydrostatic pressure as a result ofthe rotation, the enclosure moving outwardly as a function of its weight being greater than the sunounding fluid mass within the rotating device, the enclosure moving inward if it is lighter that the sunounding fluid mass within the rotating device; and generating energy from the motion ofthe enclosure through the surrounding fluid mass that acts as a lifting fluid.

48. The method of claim 47, further comprising: introducing a gas or a vacuum having a density lower that the density of a sunounding lifting fluid into the enclosure to create lift ofthe enclosure by the principal of buoyancy, the enclosure moving inward via the lift as a fimction of buoyancy in response to the hydrostatic pressure formed by the rotation; altering the mass ofthe enclosure to be heavier than the sunounding fluid, the enclosure moving outward due to the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation; and generating energy from the inward and outward motion ofthe enclosure in an alternating inward and outward cycle caused by the inward forces of buoyancy in relationship to a centrifugal force creating a hydrostatic pressure and ofthe outward force of gravity acceleration in relationship to an outward centrifugal force caused by rotation.

49. The method of claim 47 wherein generating is a function of an energy conversion device selected from the group comprising: a chain, a cable forming a closed loop coupled to at least and upper and a lower sprocket mounted on a suitable frame with at least one ofthe shafts' ofthe sprockets comiected to a mechanical device configured for receiving a rotational force to generate power selected from such species as a generator, a hydraulic pump, and a pneumatic compressor and a means of harnessing kinetic energy via a gas turbine or a hydro turbine to create power from kinetic energy;

50. A method of producing electrical power utilizing an enclosure configured for holding a low density gas, the method comprising: providing a sunounding mass that acts as a lifting fluid that sunounds the enclosure; providing a permanent magnet of an electromagnet to harnessing kinetic energy produced by motion ofthe enclosure through the sunounding mass that acts as a lifting fluid to create an Electro-Magnet Force to generate an electrical cunent, introducing a gas or a vacuum having a density lower that the density of a sunounding lifting fluid into the enclosure to create lift ofthe enclosure as a function of buoyancy, wherein the enclosure rises to an elevation via the lift as a function of buoyancy to generate potential energy; compressing all or a portion ofthe gas within the enclosure or releasing all or a portion ofthe vacuum within the enclosure to lose the lift generated by the force of buoyancy, after the desired elevation has been reached thereby causing a downward motion as a function of gravity; generating energy as a function ofthe upward and downward kinetic energy of motion ofthe enclosure in an alternating upward and downward cycle, caused by the forces of buoyancy and of gravity acceleration

51. The method of claim 50 further comprising generating as a function ofthe up and down passage ofthe enclosure made of an electrically conductive material through a permanent magnet of an electromagnet thereby producing an EMF force that generates an electrical current.

52. The method of claim 50 further comprising generating as a function ofthe up and down passage of an enclosure made of a magnetic material through a housing suitable to produce an EMF thereby generating an electrical cunent.

53. A method of producing energy using gravity using mass buoyancy as an upward force and gravity acceleration as a downward force simultaneously within a power generating cycle that includes a housing vertically divided into two sides with a liquid filled side and a gas or vapor filled side, the method comprising: providing a loop that is divided into individual segments or cells and the loop rotates within the housing and is supported by rollers with one side ofthe loop being within the liquid filled side ofthe housing and the opposite side ofthe loop being within the gas filled side ofthe housing; providing seals between the loop and the internal vertical divider ofthe housing to prevent the escape of liquid from the liquid side ofthe housing to the gas filled side ofthe housing; introducing liquid from the liquid filled side ofthe housing into the top cells of the loop on the gas filled side ofthe housing to cause gravity acceleration and a resulting downward motion ofthe loop with the liquid entering the cells through openings that allow the gas within the cells to be discharged and allow the liquid to fill the cells prior to entering the gas side ofthe housing; introducing gas from the gas filled side ofthe housing into the bottom cells of the loop on the liquid filled side ofthe housing to cause buoyancy and a resulting upward motion ofthe loop with the gas being introduced into the cells via openings within the cells that allow the liquid to be discharged from the cells at the bottom of the gas filled side ofthe housing and allow the cells to replace the area previously filled with liquid with gas prior to entering the liquid side ofthe housing through seals, wherein the loop rotates as a function ofthe simultaneous downward motion of the loop caused by gravity acceleration on the gas side ofthe loop and the upward motion ofthe loop caused by buoyancy on the liquid filled side ofthe housing; and generating power from the rotary motion ofthe loop around the rollers and from the kinetic energy of motion ofthe liquid discharged from the cells and from the kinetic energy ofthe gas discharged from the cells and from the kinetic energy ofthe liquid discharged from the condenser.

54. The method of claim 53 wherein generating power from the rotary motion ofthe loop includes rollers that rotate as a result ofthe motion ofthe loop against the rollers thereby causing rotation of a shaft ofthe rollers.

55. The method of claim 53 wherein the shaft ofthe rollers is connected to an electrical generator.

56. The method of claim 53, further comprising replenishing the supply of liquid on the liquid filled side ofthe housing by evaporating the liquid into a vapor or gas at the bottom ofthe gas filled side ofthe housing and then condensing the vapor back into a liquid over the top ofthe housing over the liquid filled side ofthe housing.

57. The method of claim 56, further providing a vacuum pump to accomplish vaporization ofthe liquid into vapor at a lower temperature.

58. The method of claim 57, further comprising a temperature heat source providing a low temperature heat from geothermal heat.

59. The method of claim 57, further comprising a temperature heat source providing a low temperature heat from ambient air.

60. The method of claim 57, further comprising a temperature heat source providing a low temperature heat from geothermal heat pipes.

61. The method of claim 57, further comprising a condenser that rejects heat to ambient temperature air within the environment thereby condensing the vapor.

62. The method of claim 53, further comprising a hydro-turbine driven via the by kinetic energy contained within the discharged liquid having been accelerated via gravity acceleration from the cells.

63. The method of claim 62, further comprising generating power from the hydro-turbine.

64. The method of claim 53, further including introducing high mass liquid into the cells at the top ofthe loop on the gas side ofthe housing by providing potential energy of height.

65. The method of claim 64 wherein the potential energy of height increases with height ofthe loop, which provides more potential energy that is immediately converted into kinetic energy of motion as the cell moves downward and increases in velocity due to gravity acceleration.

66. The method of claim 53, further including introducing gas within the cells at the bottom ofthe liquid side ofthe housing by providing potential energy of depth via buoyancy.

67. The method of claim 66 wherein the potential energy of depth increases with depth ofthe loop within the liquid, which provides more potential energy that is immediately converted into kinetic energy of motion as the cells move upward and increase in velocity due to buoyancy acceleration.

68. The method of claim 53 wherein generating is provided by the passage of the loop being made of an electrically conductive material through an electromagnetic field to produce an electromagnetic force that generates an electrical cunent.

69. The method of claim 53 wherein the kinetic energy is provided by the liquid formed in the condenser is used to power a hydro-turbine.