WO2004063493A1 - Plastic formwork panel assembly - Google Patents

Plastic formwork panel assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004063493A1
WO2004063493A1 PCT/VN2003/000007 VN0300007W WO2004063493A1 WO 2004063493 A1 WO2004063493 A1 WO 2004063493A1 VN 0300007 W VN0300007 W VN 0300007W WO 2004063493 A1 WO2004063493 A1 WO 2004063493A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
members
formwork panel
panel assembly
assembly according
plastic formwork
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/VN2003/000007
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Phu Vinh Nguyen
Original Assignee
Fuvi Mechanical Technology Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuvi Mechanical Technology Company Limited filed Critical Fuvi Mechanical Technology Company Limited
Priority to AU2003285206A priority Critical patent/AU2003285206A1/en
Publication of WO2004063493A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004063493A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • E04G11/12—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring of elements and beams which are mounted during erection of the shuttering to brace or couple the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G2009/028—Forming boards or similar elements with reinforcing ribs on the underside

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plastic formwork panel assembly used to construct a concrete structure in buildings and more particularly to a plastic formwork panel assembly comprising a plurality of panel members which are fixedly connected to several reinforcing members by holding members.
  • the shuttering assembly comprises a single plastic panel member and a plurality of plastic panel members which are connected in longitudinal sides thereof to each other by the I - shaped tightening bolts fitted in T - shaped grooves of the standard panel member, and connected in lateral sides by T - shaped tightening bolts. Since the panel members are made of plastic material and are connected by the tightening bolts only, a metal supporting frame system is required to support such a shuttering assembly to form a large assembly with sufficient strength.
  • the metal supporting frame system which is used to support the formwork panel assembly, comprises a large number of reinforcing and connecting members for assembling the panel members, which results in a protraction of construction periods, lowering productivity and increasing construction costs.
  • the invention provides a plastic formwork panel assembly comprising: a plurality of plate-formed panel members in substantially square or rectangular shape with edges adapted for being coupled accordingly to each other, each of the panel members provided with at least a substantially flat first side, a second side opposite to the first side and engaging means formed thereon, a plurality of reinforcing members in the form of substantially oblong parts so adapted that one of the longitudinal surfaces thereof is pressed against the second side of the panel members, a plurality of holding members including a first portion and a second portion connected to the first portion via a third portion, wherein a plurality of mating engaging means formed on each of said first and second portions of the holding members and adapted so as to interlock with the engaging means disposed on the second side of said panel members, and the panel members are fixedly connected to the reinforcing members by the holding members so as to form the formwork panel assembly.
  • the panel members are fixedly connected to the reinforcing members to thereby form a formwork panel assembly.
  • This formwork panel assembly features enhanced loading property relative to a single panel member and thus is used ' in the shuttering systems to construct a concrete structure such as a large wall, post, foundation or the like..
  • the mating engaging means disposed on each of the first and second portions of the holding members are provided in the form of engaging lugs.
  • the engaging means of the panel members are provided with a plurality of opening portions adapted so as to interlock with the mating engaging means of the holding members.
  • the reinforcing members are substantially disposed in a first and second directions of the formwork panel assembly during constructing.
  • the first and second directions are substantially perpendicular to each other.
  • the holding members are substantially formed in the form of an integral member having the mating engaging means adapted to engage with the engaging means of the formwork panel member.
  • the holding member is composed of at least a pair of mating engaging means spaced apart from each other a predetermined distance.
  • the holding members have a substantially U- shape, which is composed of a base and two arms and each of the mating engaging means is located in each arm of this U - shape.
  • the holding members are made from the materials that feature such mechanical properties that two mating engaging means of the holding members are generally capable of being elastic when they are subjected to a force which is applied to vary a distance therebetween and the holding members preferably are made of plastic material having proper durability and are produced by injection molding.
  • the holding members comprise generally a first, second and third portions which are separated from each other.
  • the third portion is detachably attached to the first and second portions, wherein the third portion which is made of a high friction material such as leather, fabric or the like is preferably in the form of a band.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a formwork panel member
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a plastic formwork panel assembly with a holding member according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the members shown in Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a holding member, a formwork panel member and a reinforcing member in a mutually fixedly connected state
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a plastic formwork panel assembly with a holding member according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a formwork panel member Al is made of plastic material, a face All of the formwork panel member Al is flattened, a opposing face A12 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal ribs A13 and lateral ribs 14 so that the ribs establish a rigid rib frame.
  • a plurality of counterboring portions A15 are formed on the longitudinal and lateral ribs. These counterboring portions A15 are sized and adapted to serve as an engaging means for the formwork panel members in two directions, preferably vertical and horizontal directions.
  • a plurality of T - shaped grooves A17 are formed on each of the outer longitudinal walls A16 of the formwork panel members Al.
  • Several rectangular holes A19 are formed on each of the end walls A18 of the formwork panel members Al. Dimensions of rectangular holes A19 are slightly larger than the cross-section of a conventional T - shaped tightening bolt.
  • the formwork panel members Al are evenly connected by the lateral edges thereof by placing the formwork panel members side-by-side in such a manner that the lateral edges A18 are pressed against to each other, the longitudinal edges A16 of the formwork panel members Al are connected together by means of T - shaped tightening bolts and L - shaped locks as already known.
  • many formwork panel members can be connected by the longitudinal edges A16 and/or by in the lateral edges A18 and cooperate with reinforcing members as described above to form a plastic formwork panel assembly.
  • a plurality of holding members Bl is used to fixedly connect the plastic panel member Al to a reinforcing tube (reinforcing member) Cl.
  • the holding member Bl substantially comprises a first portion Bll, a second portion B12 and a third portion B13 which links the first portion Bll and the second portion B12 together.
  • Each of the mating engaging means Blla and B12a is formed at the ends of the first portion Bll and the second portion B12, respectively.
  • mating engaging means are engaging lugs which are sized so as to interlock with the counterboring portions A15 (engaging means) of the formwork panel members Al.
  • the holding members are made of the material which features such mechanical properties that their two mating engaging means have elasticity when they are subjected to a force which is applied to vary the distance therebetween.
  • the holding member is made of plastic material having sufficient strength and produced by injection molding method.
  • three potions Bll, B12, B13 of the holding member are separately formed wherein the third portion B13 is shaped in the form of a band and is detachably coupled to the first and second portions Bl l and B12.
  • the third portion is made of a material having a high friction coefficient such as leather, fabric or the like.
  • the method for assembling the holding member in the plastic panel member assembly of the invention will be described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the panel members Al are coupled together along the longitudinal edges A16 and the lateral edges A18 by means of the methods which are already known, and therefore the description thereof is omitted herein.
  • the reinforcing members are positioned in relation to the panel members so that one surface Cl 1 of the reinforcing member Cl is brought in contact with the panel members Al.
  • the holding members Bl are inserted into the predetermined places with respect to the panel members Al so that the mating engaging means of the holding members Bl are engaged with engaging means of the panel members Al.
  • a tension generating means such as a wedge member Dl (see Fig.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a plastic formwork panel assembly comprising a plurality of substantially plate formed panel members (A 1), each of the panel members having at least a substantially flat first side, a second side opposite to the first side and engaging means (A15) formed thereon, a plurality of reinforcing members (Cl) in the form of substantially oblong parts so adapted that one of the longitudinal surfaces thereof is pressed against a face of the panel members, wherein holding members (B1) are provided with pairs of mating engaging means for fixedly connecting the panel members (A1) to the reinforcing members (Cl) so as to form the plastic formwork panel assembly. With the above configuration, the panel members may be connected to form a reinforced plastic formwork panel assembly which may be appropriately used in constructing the concrete structure.

Description

PLASTIC FORMWORK PANEL ASSEMBLY
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a plastic formwork panel assembly used to construct a concrete structure in buildings and more particularly to a plastic formwork panel assembly comprising a plurality of panel members which are fixedly connected to several reinforcing members by holding members.
Background of the invention
It is known as a reusable plastic shuttering assembly, for example as described in Vietnam Patent for Utility Solution No. 262 issued July 17, 2001.
The shuttering assembly comprises a single plastic panel member and a plurality of plastic panel members which are connected in longitudinal sides thereof to each other by the I - shaped tightening bolts fitted in T - shaped grooves of the standard panel member, and connected in lateral sides by T - shaped tightening bolts. Since the panel members are made of plastic material and are connected by the tightening bolts only, a metal supporting frame system is required to support such a shuttering assembly to form a large assembly with sufficient strength.
The metal supporting frame system, which is used to support the formwork panel assembly, comprises a large number of reinforcing and connecting members for assembling the panel members, which results in a protraction of construction periods, lowering productivity and increasing construction costs.
Therefore, a formwork panel assembly which is able to fixedly connect the reinforcing members with the formwork panel members, which is not only simple in structure but also capable of quickly erecting and suitably employing when constructing the large buildings is required. Summary of the invention
In order to obtain the foregoing objects, in accordance with the first aspect, the invention provides a plastic formwork panel assembly comprising: a plurality of plate-formed panel members in substantially square or rectangular shape with edges adapted for being coupled accordingly to each other, each of the panel members provided with at least a substantially flat first side, a second side opposite to the first side and engaging means formed thereon, a plurality of reinforcing members in the form of substantially oblong parts so adapted that one of the longitudinal surfaces thereof is pressed against the second side of the panel members, a plurality of holding members including a first portion and a second portion connected to the first portion via a third portion, wherein a plurality of mating engaging means formed on each of said first and second portions of the holding members and adapted so as to interlock with the engaging means disposed on the second side of said panel members, and the panel members are fixedly connected to the reinforcing members by the holding members so as to form the formwork panel assembly.
With the configuration of the above holding members, the panel members are fixedly connected to the reinforcing members to thereby form a formwork panel assembly. This formwork panel assembly features enhanced loading property relative to a single panel member and thus is used' in the shuttering systems to construct a concrete structure such as a large wall, post, foundation or the like..
Advantageously, the mating engaging means disposed on each of the first and second portions of the holding members are provided in the form of engaging lugs. Also, the engaging means of the panel members are provided with a plurality of opening portions adapted so as to interlock with the mating engaging means of the holding members. In fact, the reinforcing members are substantially disposed in a first and second directions of the formwork panel assembly during constructing. Preferably, the first and second directions are substantially perpendicular to each other.
In an embodiment, the holding members are substantially formed in the form of an integral member having the mating engaging means adapted to engage with the engaging means of the formwork panel member. The holding member is composed of at least a pair of mating engaging means spaced apart from each other a predetermined distance.
Suitably, the holding members have a substantially U- shape, which is composed of a base and two arms and each of the mating engaging means is located in each arm of this U - shape.
Appropriately, the holding members are made from the materials that feature such mechanical properties that two mating engaging means of the holding members are generally capable of being elastic when they are subjected to a force which is applied to vary a distance therebetween and the holding members preferably are made of plastic material having proper durability and are produced by injection molding.
In another embodiment, the holding members comprise generally a first, second and third portions which are separated from each other. The third portion is detachably attached to the first and second portions, wherein the third portion which is made of a high friction material such as leather, fabric or the like is preferably in the form of a band. With the structure of the three separated portions, the holding members can be quickly mounted and suitably incorporated with a reinforcing member having non-standard sizes.
Brief Description of the Drawings
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a formwork panel member,
Fig. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a plastic formwork panel assembly with a holding member according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the members shown in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a holding member, a formwork panel member and a reinforcing member in a mutually fixedly connected state, and
Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a plastic formwork panel assembly with a holding member according to another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description of the preferred embodiments
As shown in Fig. 1, a formwork panel member Al is made of plastic material, a face All of the formwork panel member Al is flattened, a opposing face A12 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal ribs A13 and lateral ribs 14 so that the ribs establish a rigid rib frame. A plurality of counterboring portions A15 are formed on the longitudinal and lateral ribs. These counterboring portions A15 are sized and adapted to serve as an engaging means for the formwork panel members in two directions, preferably vertical and horizontal directions. A plurality of T - shaped grooves A17 are formed on each of the outer longitudinal walls A16 of the formwork panel members Al. Several rectangular holes A19 are formed on each of the end walls A18 of the formwork panel members Al. Dimensions of rectangular holes A19 are slightly larger than the cross-section of a conventional T - shaped tightening bolt.
As shown in Figs. 2-5, the formwork panel members Al are evenly connected by the lateral edges thereof by placing the formwork panel members side-by-side in such a manner that the lateral edges A18 are pressed against to each other, the longitudinal edges A16 of the formwork panel members Al are connected together by means of T - shaped tightening bolts and L - shaped locks as already known. When constructing the larger surfaces of a wall or a floor, many formwork panel members can be connected by the longitudinal edges A16 and/or by in the lateral edges A18 and cooperate with reinforcing members as described above to form a plastic formwork panel assembly.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, a plurality of holding members Bl is used to fixedly connect the plastic panel member Al to a reinforcing tube (reinforcing member) Cl. The holding member Bl substantially comprises a first portion Bll, a second portion B12 and a third portion B13 which links the first portion Bll and the second portion B12 together. Each of the mating engaging means Blla and B12a is formed at the ends of the first portion Bll and the second portion B12, respectively.
Preferably, mating engaging means are engaging lugs which are sized so as to interlock with the counterboring portions A15 (engaging means) of the formwork panel members Al.
In the above embodiment, three portions Bll, B12 and B13 of the holding member are integrally formed and the holding members are made of the material which features such mechanical properties that their two mating engaging means have elasticity when they are subjected to a force which is applied to vary the distance therebetween. Advantageously, the holding member is made of plastic material having sufficient strength and produced by injection molding method.
In another embodiment, as shown in Fig. 5, three potions Bll, B12, B13 of the holding member are separately formed wherein the third portion B13 is shaped in the form of a band and is detachably coupled to the first and second portions Bl l and B12. Preferably, the third portion is made of a material having a high friction coefficient such as leather, fabric or the like.
Next, the method for assembling the holding member in the plastic panel member assembly of the invention will be described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5. Firstly, the panel members Al are coupled together along the longitudinal edges A16 and the lateral edges A18 by means of the methods which are already known, and therefore the description thereof is omitted herein. Then, the reinforcing members are positioned in relation to the panel members so that one surface Cl 1 of the reinforcing member Cl is brought in contact with the panel members Al. In the next step, the holding members Bl are inserted into the predetermined places with respect to the panel members Al so that the mating engaging means of the holding members Bl are engaged with engaging means of the panel members Al. Finally, a tension generating means such as a wedge member Dl (see Fig. 3) or an eccentric member (see Fig. 5) is inserted into a gap formed between the portion B13 of the holding members Bl and the surface C12 of the reinforcing member Cl so that a tensional force is generated to fixedly connect the panel members Al to the reinforcing members Cl.
The formwork panel assembly using the holding members for fixedly connecting the panel members to reinforcing members is described only to exemplify the present invention. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments and various modifications and variations of formwork panel assembly with holding members may be made without departing from the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A plastic formwork panel assembly comprising: a plurality of plate-formed panel members in a substantially square or rectangular shape with edges adapted for being coupled accordingly to each other, each of the panel members provided with at least a substantially flat first side, a second side opposite to the first side and engaging means formed thereon, a plurality of reinforcing members in the form of substantially oblong parts so adapted that one of the longitudinal surfaces thereof is pressed against the second side of the panel members, a plurality of holding members including a first portion and a second portion connected to the first portion via a third portion, characterized in that a plurality of mating engaging means formed on each of said first and second portions of said holding members and adapted so as to interlock with the engaging means disposed on the second side of said panel members, and said panel members are fixedly connected to said reinforcing members by said holding members so as to form the formwork panel assembly.
2. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein said mating engaging means disposed on each of said first and second portions of said holding members comprise a plurality of engaging lugs.
3. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein said engaging means of said panel members comprise a plurality of opening portions adapted for interlocking with said mating engaging means of said holding members.
4. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein said reinforcing members are disposed substantially in a first and second directions.
5. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 4, wherein said first and second directions are substantially perpendicular to each other.
6. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a tension generating means located between said third portion of said holding members and said reinforcing members so as to apply a tensional force to secure said formwork panel members to said reinforcing members.
7. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 6, wherein said tension generating means comprise a wedge.
8. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 6, wherein said tension generating means comprise eccentric members.
9. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein said first, second and third portion of said holding members are integrally formed into a substantially U- shape.
10. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 9, wherein said holding members are made from the materials that feature such mechanical properties that the first and second portions carrying the mating engaging means of said holding members are generally capable of being elastic when said portions are subjected to a force which is applied to vary a distance therebetween.
11. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 9, wherein said mating engaging means disposed on said first and second portions of said holding members are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.
12. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 9, wherein said holding members are made of plastic material having a proper durability.
13. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 12, wherein said holding members made of the plastic material is produced by injection molding.
14. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein a connection between the first and second portions with the third portion of said holding members is a detachable connection.
15. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 14, wherein the third portion of said holding members is in the form of a band.
16. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 14, wherein the material of the third portion of said holding members is a high friction material that is selected from a group of leather, fabric or the like.
17. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 14, wherein said first and second portions of said holding members are made of a plastic material having a proper durability.
18. The plastic formwork panel assembly according to claim 17, wherein said holding members made of the plastic material are produced by injection molding.
PCT/VN2003/000007 2003-01-13 2003-12-12 Plastic formwork panel assembly WO2004063493A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003285206A AU2003285206A1 (en) 2003-01-13 2003-12-12 Plastic formwork panel assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
VN200300001 2003-01-13
VN2-2003-00001 2003-01-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004063493A1 true WO2004063493A1 (en) 2004-07-29

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PCT/VN2003/000007 WO2004063493A1 (en) 2003-01-13 2003-12-12 Plastic formwork panel assembly

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TW (1) TWM258134U (en)
WO (1) WO2004063493A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061805A (en) * 2010-11-22 2011-05-18 王亚运 Plastic building template system
CN104453215A (en) * 2014-12-18 2015-03-25 浙江展诚建设集团股份有限公司 Stepping combed joint type self-joint-staggered flat formwork
WO2017068128A1 (en) * 2015-10-22 2017-04-27 Angelo Candiracci Antiperforation building panel structure

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL73277C (en) *
US2442292A (en) * 1944-04-24 1948-05-25 Nicholas Del Genio Form for plastic structural work
DE2604846A1 (en) * 1976-02-07 1977-08-11 Peri Werk Schwoerer Kg Artur Adjacent concreting form work elements wedge lock connection - has top of guide component providing bearing surface for stacking
US4054259A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-10-18 Johnson Calvin R Waler-stiffback bracket
DE4110828A1 (en) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-08 Hiendl Heribert Constructional plastics web panel with 2 parallel sections - has longitudinal and/or transverse reinforcement lengths of profiled material
US6237890B1 (en) * 1999-01-13 2001-05-29 Gates & Sons, Inc. Support apparatus or a concrete form system
WO2002048479A2 (en) * 2000-12-13 2002-06-20 Ezio Sedran Modular elements for formworks

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL73277C (en) *
US2442292A (en) * 1944-04-24 1948-05-25 Nicholas Del Genio Form for plastic structural work
DE2604846A1 (en) * 1976-02-07 1977-08-11 Peri Werk Schwoerer Kg Artur Adjacent concreting form work elements wedge lock connection - has top of guide component providing bearing surface for stacking
US4054259A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-10-18 Johnson Calvin R Waler-stiffback bracket
DE4110828A1 (en) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-08 Hiendl Heribert Constructional plastics web panel with 2 parallel sections - has longitudinal and/or transverse reinforcement lengths of profiled material
US6237890B1 (en) * 1999-01-13 2001-05-29 Gates & Sons, Inc. Support apparatus or a concrete form system
WO2002048479A2 (en) * 2000-12-13 2002-06-20 Ezio Sedran Modular elements for formworks

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061805A (en) * 2010-11-22 2011-05-18 王亚运 Plastic building template system
CN104453215A (en) * 2014-12-18 2015-03-25 浙江展诚建设集团股份有限公司 Stepping combed joint type self-joint-staggered flat formwork
WO2017068128A1 (en) * 2015-10-22 2017-04-27 Angelo Candiracci Antiperforation building panel structure
US10370850B2 (en) 2015-10-22 2019-08-06 Angelo Candiracci Antiperforation building panel structure

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Publication number Publication date
TWM258134U (en) 2005-03-01
AU2003285206A1 (en) 2004-08-10

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