WO2004027622A2 - Method and system for secure distribution - Google Patents

Method and system for secure distribution Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004027622A2
WO2004027622A2 PCT/US2003/030879 US0330879W WO2004027622A2 WO 2004027622 A2 WO2004027622 A2 WO 2004027622A2 US 0330879 W US0330879 W US 0330879W WO 2004027622 A2 WO2004027622 A2 WO 2004027622A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
digital content
access
gateway
encrypted
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/030879
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004027622A3 (en
Inventor
Ty Rauber
Ted Healey
Original Assignee
Digital Media On Demand, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Digital Media On Demand, Inc. filed Critical Digital Media On Demand, Inc.
Priority to AU2003277131A priority Critical patent/AU2003277131A1/en
Publication of WO2004027622A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004027622A2/en
Publication of WO2004027622A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004027622A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H04L63/045—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply hybrid encryption, i.e. combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/254—Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server, rights management server
    • H04N21/2541—Rights Management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H04N21/25866—Management of end-user data
    • H04N21/25875—Management of end-user data involving end-user authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
    • H04N21/26613—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel for generating or managing keys in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/4405—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream decryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
    • H04N21/4627—Rights management associated to the content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/633—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client
    • H04N21/6332—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to client
    • H04N21/6334—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to client for authorisation, e.g. by transmitting a key
    • H04N21/63345—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to client for authorisation, e.g. by transmitting a key by transmitting keys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
    • H04N21/8355—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving usage data, e.g. number of copies or viewings allowed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
    • H04N7/1675—Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2463/00—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00
    • H04L2463/101—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00 applying security measures for digital rights management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/0807—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using tickets, e.g. Kerberos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof
    • H04N2201/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
    • H04N2201/3201—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
    • H04N2201/3225—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document
    • H04N2201/3246—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to an image, a page or a document of data relating to permitted access or usage, e.g. level of access or usage parameters for digital rights management [DRM] related to still images

Definitions

  • next day delivery there is at least a day lag between the time the work (or portion thereol) is created and the time it is reviewed by the person or persons not in the same
  • digital content over a network such as the internet to consumers and retail customers.
  • the gateway server also stores, temporarily, the tickets generated by the desktop client that define the access granted to a user. Once a user logs into the gateway server on the system, the ticket is transferred and stored at the client system.
  • the asymmetric encryption/decryption engine can be a public/private key encryption
  • the client computer software connects to the gateway server on a client computer, the client computer software generates a

Abstract

A system (100) and method provides for the distribution of artistic works in electronic formats within an organization. The system includes a gateway server (120) and desktop client (140) that enables a user upload and store, on the gateway server (120), an encrypted copy of the digital content and define an encrypted ticket unique to each user granted access to the digital content. In order to access the encrypted digital content, a user obtains the encrypted ticket. The ticket is encrypted with the user's public key (226) and includes a symmetric key that can be used to decrypt the digital content as well as access control or rights management information that can be used to control user access to the digital content. The user's private key can be used to decrypt the ticket to obtain the symmetric key (230) in order to decrypt the digital content (232).

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SECURE DISTRIBUTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to secure methods and systems for distributing digital content, such as audio, video, and text works and, more particularly, to a method and system for providing
controlled distribution of digital content within an enterprise.
Traditionally, entertainment and artistic works such as music and movies are
distributed by incorporating a copy of the work in a medium from which the work, such as a song or a movie, can be heard or viewed using a device. For example, music is distributed on
records, tapes and compact discs (CDs) and movies are distributed on tapes and digital video or versatile disks (DVDs). The technologies associated with these media have developed over time in order to permit very high quality reproductions of the original work.
The technology also exists to record directly or convert these works into digital data that can be stored in memory in a computer or distributed via a network. This technology
permits the works to be stored in a high quality format on digital media such as CDs and DVDs for consumer sale. These technologies can also be used during the production process
whereby works or portion of works can be recorded directly in a digital data format or
converted to digital data during the production process.
During the production process, works or portions of works must be reviewed and
possibly edited by various people involved in the production process. Where the people
involved are not in the same location, copies of works or portions of the works must be recorded on tape or a compact disc and shipped to various locations where those people
involved can review the works or portions of works. This process is inefficient because even
with next day delivery, there is at least a day lag between the time the work (or portion thereol) is created and the time it is reviewed by the person or persons not in the same
location that the work was created. In the case of musical recordings, for every master
recording a mixing board must be setup for each song and it is impractical to hold the mixing board settings for several days while a copy of the recording is shipped to and reviewed by a producer or executive in another location.
After the final version of the work or portion of the work is completed, one or more
master recordings of the work are prepared for distribution to facilities that will make copies
packaged for retail sales. In addition, pre-release copies are also prepared for marketing and promotional purposes. These copies are also distributed using either the public postal system
or private couriers .
One of the most significant problems with the distribution of these pre and post production copies is that illegal copies can be made and distributed over private and public networks such as the Internet. Thus, it is desirable to enable the production company to
distribute pre and post production copies of their works with the ability to control access to and the ability to make copies of these works or portions of works.
Similarly, the public and private networks allow for the retail sale and distribution of
works in digital form without the use of a carrier medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD.
Because these works are in digital form, they can be easily redistributed using the same public
and private networks. In addition, technologies have been developed which enable the works
to be compressed into about one tenth the size (of retail distribution) but still maintain nearly
the same high quality in play back. One such technology, MPEG 1, audio layer 3, which is
more commonly known as MP3, defines how digital audio can be stored and transmitted
using computers and networks. Other formats and technologies currently exist and still others
are being developed. These technologies and formats make it easier to distribute the works without the permission of their owners. Thus, it is desirable to enable the distribution of
retail copies of the works with the ability to control access to and the ability to control who
can make copies of these works.
These digital media technologies also allow a consumer to store digital content in
non- volatile memory, such as a harddisk drive, in a personal computer and use a software
program, applet or plugin, commonly referred to as a media player, to play the music using the multimedia resources of a personal computer. Well known media players for audio and
video technologies such as MP3 include the Quicktime media player available from Apple
Corporation of Cupertino, California and WinAmp available from NullSoft, Inc. of San Francisco, California. These products allow a user to play encoded audio on a personal computer. In addition, there are many media player devices, such as the Rio and ReplayTV
brands of products available from SonicBlue, Inc. of Santa Clara, California that enable a consumer to store and play encoded audio or video (such as MP3 and other formats) in a portable device or standalone device. These electronic devices typically store the encoded audio in a flash memory or a harddisk drive that allows for non- volatile storage of the audio
and video and allows the encoded audio or video to be erased or over written. It is desirable to enable the owner or authorized distributor of digital content to control how digital content
stored in a personal computer or a media player device can be accessed and copied by the
user.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved method and
system for distributing digital content.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method and
system for distributing digital content that can control the unauthorized copying or
redistribution of the digital content. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an improved method and system for managing the electronic distribution of works in digital form over a network such
as the internet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a method and system for distributing digital data
representing audio, video and text works or portions of a work (hereinafter referred to as
digital content) over a private or public network, such as the Internet. The method and system according to the invention can allow a user to input digital content into the system and to
define how other users can access and use a given unit of digital content, distribute a particular unit of digital content to those users who have been granted access and control the
level of access that each user can be given.
The system according to the invention can include four components, three user components and at least one gateway component. The user Desktop component protects media and assigns rights. The user Player component interprets those rights and allows
playing or viewing of the protected works. The Gateway component stores and forwards digital certificates, tickets, and the digital content. The user Administration (Admin) client
component is used for system-wide management.
The Desktop component works in conjunction with a Gateway component to upload
and download digital content and to retrieve an address book of available users. Each
Desktop component registers with the Gateway component by generating a digital identifier
or digital ID that is certified by the Gateway component. The digital ID can include a public
ID and a private ID. The public ID can include a public key that can be used encrypt Tickets
that can be used to control access to works stored on the Gateway component. The private ID
can include a private key that can be used decrypt the Tickets that can be used to gain access to digital content received trom the Gateway component. 1 he public ID can be stored in t e
address book of users at the Gateway component. The private ID can be stored at the client
component. The digital ID can be generated as a function of characteristics of the Desktop component such that changes to the Desktop component may require a new digital ID to be
generated.
Once a Desktop component is registered and certified with the Gateway component, the Desktop component can be used to import digital content into the system and define
access rights for other users of the system. The Desktop component can generate a symmetric
key that can be used to encrypt the digital content that can be stored at the Gateway component. The Desktop component can identify a user from a list of users registered with the Gateway to allow that user access to the encrypted digital content. For each user, a ticket,
encrypted using the user's public key, is created and sent to the user via the Gateway. The ticket can contain the symmetric key that can be used to decrypt the digital content and access rights information used by the Desktop or Player component to control a user's access rights
to the decrypted digital content.
In order to access an element of digital content within the system, a user must obtain a ticket that was generated for that user by the Desktop component. The Gateway component
facilitates the transfer of tickets and their associated digital content between client
components. The player component can be used to enable a user to playback audio or video works
or view the textual work that is encoded in the digital content. The Player component can
have its own public ID that can be used by a Desktop component to create a ticket for a
particular piece of digital content that can be transferred via a Gateway component to the
Player component. The Player component can use its private ID to decrypt the Ticket, retrieve a symmetric key that can be used to decrypt the digital content and feed the decrypted
content to be played back or viewed as permitted by the rights defined by the ticket. The
ticket, can for example define how many times the digital content can be played back, whether it can be edited or establish dates for editing, viewing or redistribution.
The Admin component can be used to manage the Gateway component and to
establish user accounts. Once a user account is established, that user can utilize a Desktop
component to add or remove digital content to the system or a Player component to play back
digital content managed by the system.
The system can include a plurality of Gateway components and two or more Gateway
components can be configured to establish trusted relationships that permit them to share user lists and mirror digital content in order to provide scalability, redundancy and high availability.
The system according to the present invention can be implemented as a client-server environment or a peer-to-peer environment. The Desktop component can include a player
component that allows a user to view or playback digital content. The Player component can include an access control or rights management component which evaluates access control or
rights management information and determines whether a user can play back, edit,
redistribute the digital content in encrypted or unencrypted form or otherwise access the
digital content.
The method according to the invention can include establishing a new user on a
Gateway component, the user utilizing a Desktop or Player component to establish public and
private IDs, sending the public ID to the Gateway component for certification. After a user
has been certified at a particular user component, the user can input digital content as well as
access digital content within the system. To input digital content, the method includes authenticating the user, importing the digital content into the system, generating a symmetric
key, encrypting the digital content with the symmetric key and forwarding the encrypted
digital content to the Gateway. For each user who is granted access to the digital content, a ticket is generated and sent through the Gateway to the user client component. To generate an
encrypted ticket for a user, the user is authenticated and the Desktop client obtains the public ID of the user from the Gateway. Then, using the user's public key, the Desktop client
encrypts a ticket containing the symmetric key of the digital content along with the access rights of that user.
To access digital content, the method includes authenticating the user, receiving the
encrypted digital content and the encrypted ticket, decrypting the ticket (and the digital content's symmetric key) with the user's private key and using the symmetric key to decrypt the digital content and input the decrypted digital content to the play back system as permitted
by the user's defined access rights provided by the ticket. The method can include evaluating the access control or rights management information in the ticket and determining whether the user can access the decrypted digital content to play it back or otherwise view it, edit it or
redistribute it in encrypted or unencrypted form.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects of this invention, the various features thereof, as well
as the invention itself, may be more fully understood from the following description, when
read together with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic view of a system for distributing digital content over a
network according to the present invention; and
FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic view of a method for distributing digital content over a network according to the present invention;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention is directed to a method and system for distributing digital content representing audio recordings, video recording and books (and other textual works) or
portions thereof, over a private or public network, such as the Internet. The method and
system according to the invention allow for a user to input one or more works into the system, to define the level of access that a user is provide to a given work, distribute a particular work
to those users who have been granted access and control the level of access that each user can
be given. In order to illustrate the application of the invention and to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the invention is described below as embodied in a method and system for distributing music within a music producing organization. While the invention is
suited for distributing copyrightable works (such as, for example, music, audio, video and text) in electronic form within an organization, a person having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the invention can also be embodied in a method and system for distributing
digital content over a network such as the internet to consumers and retail customers.
Figure 1 shows a system 100 for distributing music over a network 110 (such as the
internet) in accordance with the present invention. The system 100 includes a first gateway server 120, a second Gateway server 130, a desktop client 140, a player client 150 and an
admin client 160 connect by a communications network 110, such as IP network, for
transferring data between the gateway server computers 120 and 130 and the client computers
140, 150 and 160.
In the illustrative embodiment, the desktop client 140 can be used by a music producer
at a music studio during the recording of one or more songs for record album and the player
client 150 can be used by an execute in the same organization who oversees the recording project or musicians. In this embodiment, the recording studio is located in Nashville, TN
and the executive has to stay in New York City, NY to attend to other business and is unable
to travel to the studio.
The first gateway server 120 can include a gateway server computer program that is adapted for storing and managing user accounts and their associated public IDs, and for
certifying each new client computer as it registers with the gateway server program. The
gateway server computer program can also be adapted for storing encrypted digital content, preferably music encrypted with a symmetric key, and for facilitating the transfer of a ticket to
a client computer to enable a user to decrypt and access the digital content. The gateway server can also store the public ID associated with a particular user using a client computer
and can distribute a user's public ID to allow others to grant the user access to music imported to the system. The gateway server also stores, temporarily, the tickets generated by the desktop client that define the access granted to a user. Once a user logs into the gateway server on the system, the ticket is transferred and stored at the client system.
The second gateway server 130 can include a similar gateway server computer
program that is adapted to provide the same functionality as the gateway server computer
program on the first gateway server 120. In addition, the computer programs on the first and second gateway servers 120, 130 can be linked or configured to establish a trusted
relationship that allows the servers to share user lists and public IDs and mirror digital content. The gateway servers in a system can be configured to provide redundancy whereby
if one gateway server fails, the other can take over. Alternatively, the gateway servers can be
configured to allow the operational load to be distributed between the two or more computers.
The admin client computer 160 can include an admin client computer program that is adapted for communicating with one or more gateway servers in a system and interacting with
a gateway server computer program to allow a user, such as a system administrator, to add and remove system users as well as configure the operation of the gateway server computers
120 and 130 and define operational relationships between the gateway servers 120 and 130. The admin client computer program allows an administrative user to remotely manage all the functions performed by any of the gateway servers connected to the network.
The admin client computer program can be used to define one or more separate
workspaces on each gateway server or group of gateway servers. A workspace can be defined
to enable a predefined group of users associated with a common project to setup a secure
environment within which to distribute the digital content associated with that project. Thus,
for example, the record company could define a separate workspace for each record project or
a movie studio could define a separate workspace for each movie production in progress. In
addition, any two or more workspaces could have one or more users in common, if those
users were involved in each of the projects.
The Desktop client computer 140 can include a desktop client computer program that is adapted for interacting with the gateway server computer program to allow a user to register the Desktop client computer 140 with a gateway server 120, allow the user to import
music or other digital content into the system (or a workspace) and generate tickets in order to define how other users can access that music. The desktop client computer program can include a registration component adapted
for generating a public and private key pair that can be used to encrypt and decrypt tickets that
can be used to control access to the digital music distributed by the system 100. The public
and private key pair can be part of digital identifier or digital ID used to certify the user and the associated desktop client computer 140 for access to the system 100. The digital ID can be generated as a function of characteristics or attributes of the desktop computer 140 and can
be used to uniquely identify the desktop computer 140 to the gateway server 120. For example, the registration component can use the MAC (media access control) address or the CPU ID of the desktop client computer 140 to generate the public and private key pair the
digital ID. The digital ID can include a public ID and private ID, each taking the form of an XML
document. The private ID, stored at the client, is fingerprinted or keyed to characteristics of the client computer and if these characteristics become changed, a new digital ID would need
to be created. The public ID is forwarded to the gateway server where can be signed and
stored for distribution to desktop client computers 140 to enable others to grant the user
access music imported to the system.
The public ID can be signed or otherwise certified by the gateway server using any
well know method. The certification can be as simple as being added to a list of certified
public IDs or each public ID can include a certification value or attribute (added by the
gateway server) which can be separately verified by communicating with the gateway server. Alternatively, the gateway can include a public ID (which includes a public key) for itself in its user list and transfer that public ID to the client with other users public IDs. The gateway
server can encrypt, using its private key, each of the users public IDs such that each client computer program would have to use the gateway servers public key to decrypt the public ID of each user, an error indicating an uncertified public ID.
The desktop client computer program can further include a symmetric
encryption/decryption engine that can be used to encrypt and decrypt the music or other digital content that is imported and made available within the system. After a user has
registered the desktop client computer 140 with the system 100, the user can then input music and other digital content to the system as well as retrieve music and other digital content for
playback. The desktop client computer program can use the symmetric encryption/decryption engine to generate a symmetric key that can be used to encrypt music that is imported to the system 100. For each user assigned access rights to that music, the public key obtained from the user's public ID can be used to encrypt the symmetric key and other information in the
form of an encrypted ticket that is distributed to each user through the gateway server 120.
The Player client computer 150 can include a player client computer program that is adapted for communicating with and interacting with the gateway server 120 and the gateway
server computer program to retrieve music and an associate ticket to enable playback. The player client computer program registers with the gateway server the same way the desktop
client does, namely generating a digital ID, keyed to the player client computer 150 as a
function of one or more characteristics (e.g. MAC address or CPU ID) of the player client
computer 150 and registering the public ID with the gateway server.
In order to play a song using the player client 150, the user must be authenticated,
such as using a login ID and password, to the player client 150. Upon successful user login, the player client computer program establishes communications with the gateway server computer program to determine whether the user has been registered on the player client
computer 150 to access music on the gateway server 120. If the user is registered, the gateway server computer program will identify the tickets and associated music that the user has been given access to. Where the user is registered to multiple gateway servers, the client
computer program can communicate with each gateway server to identify the tickets and associated music for the user on each server.
The user can select a particular song for playback and the player client can request that the encrypted song along with the user's ticket for that song are sent to the player client
computer 150 and stored in the hard drive or other non- volatile memory of the player client
150. The player client computer program can use the private key in the users private ID to
decrypt the ticket. The decrypted ticket includes the symmetric key that can be used decrypt
the song for playback and the access control or rights management information that can be
used by the player client computer program to determine whether playback is permitted. If
playback is permitted, the song can be decrypted and played using an audio processing software program (such as the QuickTime media player available from Apple Computer Corporation of Cupertino, California) to allow the user to listen to the music.
In one embodiment, the server computers 120 and 130 can be computers based upon the Intel Pentium computer architecture, such as servers available from the Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, California, Compaq Computer Corp, Houston, Texas, running the
Microsoft Windows Operating System available from Microsoft Corporation, Redmond,
Washington. The gateway server computer program can be written in the JAVA programming language and run on the J2EE Architecture (from Sun Microsystems of Palo
Alto, CA). In one embodiment, any or all of the client computers 140, 150 and 160 can be an be
computers based upon the Intel Pentium computer architecture, such as computers available from Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, California, Compaq Computer Corp, Houston, Texas, running the Microsoft Windows Operating System available from Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington. The client computer programs can be written in the
JAVA programming language and run on the JAVA Virtual Machine (from Sun
Microsystems of Palo Alto, CA) that is provided with many computer operating systems
including Microsoft Windows.
Alternatively, any or all of the client computers 140, 150, and 160 can be Macintosh
computers available from Apple Computer Corporation running the Apple Macintosh Operating System. The client computer programs can be written in the JAVA programming
language and run on the JAVA Virtual Machine (from Sun Microsystems of Palo Alto, CA)
which is provided with many computer operating systems including the Apple Macintosh
Operating System. Further, the player computer 150 can be a portable media player device or set top box
device adapted to communicate with the gateway server to allow playback of the music or
other digital content in accordance with the invention.
The symmetric encryption/decryption engine can be an AES certified algorithm, such as the Rijndael symmetric encryption algorithm using 128, 256 or 512 bit key length.
The asymmetric encryption/decryption engine can be a public/private key encryption
algorithm. In one embodiment, the asymmetric encryption algorithm is the RSA public/private key encryption algorithm using 1024 or 2048 bit key length, available from
RSA Security, Inc. of Bedford, Massachusetts. Figure 2 shows a method 200 for distributing music (audio, video or text) over a network (such as the Internet) in accordance with the present invention. The invention can be
implemented by a client-server computer system as described above, or the invention can be carried out on peer-to-peer computer system as is well known.
As shown in Figure 2, before a user can access the system, a user account should be
created on the gateway server, 210. Once a user account is created, the user can connect to the gateway server using a client computer. The first time the user (using the client computer)
connects to the gateway server on a client computer, the client computer software generates a
digital ID that includes a public ID and a private ID as a function of characteristics of the client computer (such as the MAC address or CPU ID), at step 212. The client computer
sends the public ID to the gateway server and the gateway server signs the public ID and adds
the public ID to the user address book to allow other users to grant the user access to digital
content at step 214. Thereafter, the user will be able to log into the gateway server using the
client computer. If the characteristics of the client computer used to create the digital ID change, a new digital ID would have to be created. Once the digital ID is created for the user on the client computer, the user is
authenticated using a login ID and password at step 216. After the user is authenticated, the
user can use the desktop client to import digital content into the system, at step 218. At step 220, the desktop client computer software generates a symmetric key used to encrypt the
digital content. The encrypted digital content is transferred to the gateway server at step 222.
Next, the user selects one or more other users to grant access to the imported digital content. At step 224, the gateway server provides the desktop client with a list of users to
select from. For each user selected, an encrypted ticket is generated at step 226. The encrypted ticket includes the symmetric key used to encrypt the digital content and access
control or rights management information for that user. The encrypted ticket and the encrypted digital content is transferred to the user at step 228. The ticket is decrypted using the users private key to obtain the symmetric key at step 230. The digital content is decrypted using the symmetric key at step 232. The player client can also limit or control decryption
and playback of the digital content in accordance with access control and rights management information provided in the ticket at step 232.
As one of ordinary skill will appreciate, the system of the present invention can be
used to distribute works (audio, video or text) in a business to business context as well as a
business to consumer or customer context. The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the
spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be
considered in respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being
indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes
which come within the meaning and range of the equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

What is claimed is
1. An apparatus for distributing a unit of information representative of a copyrightable work over a network, said apparatus comprising:
a gateway computer adapted for storing said units of encrypted information
representative of copyrightable works;
a desktop computer, connected to said gateway component via said network, including a computer system, associated memory, and user desktop software, said desktop software
being adapted to encrypt using a symmetric key and send said encrypted unit of information to said gateway computer and said desktop software being adapted to encrypt, using a first
asymmetric key associated with a user, a ticket comprising said symmetric key; said first asymmetric key of said user being associated with a second asymmetric key of said user, wherein data encrypted using said first asymmetric key can be decrypted using
said second asymmetric key.
PCT/US2003/030879 2002-09-17 2003-09-17 Method and system for secure distribution WO2004027622A2 (en)

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