WO2003105505A1 - Procede pour supporter du trafic temps reel dans un systeme de radiocommunications mobiles - Google Patents
Procede pour supporter du trafic temps reel dans un systeme de radiocommunications mobiles Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003105505A1 WO2003105505A1 PCT/FR2003/001738 FR0301738W WO03105505A1 WO 2003105505 A1 WO2003105505 A1 WO 2003105505A1 FR 0301738 W FR0301738 W FR 0301738W WO 03105505 A1 WO03105505 A1 WO 03105505A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
- H04W76/22—Manipulation of transport tunnels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/04—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
- H04W92/14—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between access point controllers and backbone network device
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to mobile radio systems.
- these systems are subject to standardization, and for more information one can refer to the corresponding standards, published by the corresponding standardization bodies.
- circuit mode traffic is transported in dedicated resources or channels permanently allocated to a user for the duration of a call.
- packet mode traffic is transported in resources or channels shared between several users. The circuit mode thus makes it possible to guarantee the transfer times for each user, but does not allow efficient use of the resources available to all of the users. On the contrary, the packet mode allows efficient use of all of the available resources, but does not guarantee transfer times. Circuit mode and packet mode are differentiated not only by different resource allocation techniques, but also by different protocol architectures.
- the general architecture of mobile radiocommunication systems is recalled in FIG. 1, it essentially comprises: a radio access network 1, or RAN (for “Radio Access Network”), a core network 4, or CN (for “ Core Network ”).
- RAN radio access network
- CN for “ Core Network ”.
- the RAN is made up of base stations 2 and base station controllers 3. It is in relation on the one hand with mobile terminals via an interface 6 also called radio interface, and on the other hand with CN 4 via an interface 7.
- CN 4 is in contact with external networks, not specifically illustrated, such as PSTN ("Public Switched Telephone Network”), PDN (“Packet data Network”), ... etc.
- BSS Base Station Subsystem
- BTS Base Transceiver Station
- BSC Base Station Controller
- MS Mobile Station
- PCU Packet Control Unit
- CN includes: - for circuit mode, 2G-MSC type entities (where 2G is used for
- the interface 7 includes an interface called interface “A” to entities of type 2G-MSC, and an interface called interface “Gb” to entities of type 2G-SGSN.
- GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (“GSM EDGE Radio Access Network”, where EDGE is used for “Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution”) correspond to evolutions of GSM type systems, aiming to offer third generation services, both for real-time applications only for non-real-time applications.
- the aim is in particular to be able to support services of the IMS (“IP Multimedia Sub-system” type, where IP is used for “Internet Protocol”).
- IP Multimedia Sub-system IP Multimedia Sub-system
- IP IP Multimedia Sub-system
- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
- the architecture of third generation UMTS type systems is recalled in FIG. 3.
- the RAN is called UTRAN
- the base stations are called Node B
- the base station controllers are called RNC
- Radio Network Controller Radio Network Controller
- UE User Equipnnent
- CN includes: for circuit mode, 3G-MSC type entities (where 3G is used for “3 rd Generation” and MSC is used for “Mobile Switching Center”), for packet mode, 3G-SGSN type entities (where 3G is used for "3" * Generation "and SGSN is used for" Serving GPRS Support
- the interface 7 includes an interface called the “lu-CS” interface to the entities of the 3G-MSC type, and an interface called the “lu-PS” interface to the entities of the type 3G-SGSN.
- the architecture initially proposed for GSM / GERAN type systems is recalled in FIG. 4. It has thus been proposed to introduce into GSM / GERAN type systems, in addition to the existing “A” and “Gb” interfaces, an “lu-CS” type interface to 3G-MSC type entities and an “lu-PS” type interface to 3G-SGSN type entities.
- an “lu-CS” type interface to 3G-MSC type entities and an “lu-PS” type interface to 3G-SGSN type entities.
- it is now recognized that such an approach requires complex and costly adaptations, in particular in the layer 2 and 3 radio protocols.
- this last approach includes the following improvements, with a view to evolving the so-called "A / Gb" mode towards a so-called “A / Gb +” mode: - multiple and parallel data flows between BSS and MS, handover (or handover) for real-time services in packet mode, real-time service support by the radio part (or RAN), real-time service support by the network part (or CN), - IMS service support , improvement of security mechanisms.
- This new combination consists of a channel allocated for data transfer in packet mode, or PDTCH channel (“Packet Data Transfer Channel”) and a dedicated signaling channel in circuit mode or SACCH channel (“Slow Associated Control Channel”), the latter channel being used for such a transfer of radio measurements from the mobile station to the network.
- PDTCH Packet Data Transfer Channel
- SACCH Signaling Channel
- SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
- Packet Associated Control Channel uses an RLC / MAC type protocol, these two protocols ending in different network nodes (BTS for LAPDm, PCU for RLC / MAC). Furthermore, the PDTCH channel is a uni-directional channel while real-time services tend to require bi-directional channels. Even for streaming traffic, which is mainly a one-way application, it seems difficult to allocate the return direction to other users, since these users would most likely generate traffic in the other direction, where a preemption of resources for “streaming” traffic in an unacceptable way.
- the object of the present invention is in particular to propose another approach for supporting real-time services on a “Gb” type interface, making it possible in particular to avoid all or part of the drawbacks mentioned above, or even requiring very few adaptations by compared to existing architectures.
- One of the objects of the present invention is a method for supporting real-time traffic in a mobile radiocommunication system, as defined in the claims.
- Another object of the present invention is radio access network equipment for mobile radiocommunication system, comprising means for implementing such a method.
- Another object of the present invention is a core network equipment for a mobile radio communication system, comprising means for implementing such a method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram intended to recall the general architecture of a mobile radiocommunication system
- - Figure 2 is a diagram intended to recall the general architecture of a second generation system of GSM type
- Figure 3 is a diagram intended to recall the general architecture of a system of third generation of UMTS type
- FIG. 4 is a diagram intended to recall a general architecture initially proposed for a GERAN type system
- FIGS. 5a and 5b are diagrams intended to illustrate, by comparison, the evolution proposed by the present invention for the general architecture of a GERAN type system
- FIG. 6 is a diagram intended to illustrate an example of implementation of a procedure according to the invention.
- the present invention suggests using existing radio channels and protocols, used for real-time services when these are relayed via the MSC. Instead of using shared channels to exchange data units or PDUs ("Packet Data unit") from / to the SGSN, the idea is to use dedicated (or "dedicated") channels channels ”). If both real-time and non-real-time services are to be supported simultaneously, existing DTM (Dual Transfer Mode) procedures can be used to control the establishment and release of the different data streams. It is briefly recalled that the DTM functionality is a functionality making it possible to simultaneously support the two types of services (in circuit mode and in packet mode), for mobile stations able to simultaneously support these two types of service, by providing for coordination by the BSS resources required for each mode. For a detailed description of this functionality, reference may also be made to the corresponding specifications published by the standardization bodies.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b The development proposed according to the invention can be illustrated by comparison of FIGS. 5a and 5b.
- the equipment illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b are those already presented in relation to FIG. 2, namely BTS, BSC, MSC (or 2G-MSC), SGSN (or 2G-SGSN); in addition, the connection between an MSC and an external network of PSTN type, via an entity of type G-MSC ("Gateway-MSC”) has been illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b; similarly the connection between an SGSN and an external network of PDN type, via an entity of type GGSN ("Gateway GPRS Support Node”) has been illustrated.
- G-MSC entity of type G-MSC
- GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
- FIG. 5a corresponds to a conventional architecture, in which the real time services relayed via an MSC are transported via dedicated channels on the radio interface.
- FIG. 5b corresponds to an architecture according to the invention, in which the real time services relayed via an SGSN are transported via dedicated channels on the radio interface.
- PCU Packet Control
- Circuit mode calls are transported using dedicated channels, i.e. permanently allocated for the duration of the call, while packet calls are transported using shared channels, i.e. shared with other users.
- the invention proposes to support real-time services in the unit connected to the “Gb” interface through the following functions: - link relocation support “Gb” when the mobile station changes cells and when the new cell is controlled by a BSS different from the BSS controlling the old cell, and when a real-time session is in progress through the “Gb” interface, PFC (“Packet Flow Context”) procedure support to negotiate the parameters QoS with SGSN during activation / modification of PDP context,
- the unit connected to the “Gb” interface triggers the establishment / modification of a dedicated channel, - the real-time data units received from / to the "Gb” interface are transported on the radio interface by means of dedicated channels, when a "handover" is required, the existing procedures and mechanisms defined for the dedicated channels are used; the only difference is that the MSC is not informed; instead, the unit connected to the "Gb” interface is informed, and ensures if necessary a "Gb" link re-location.
- MAC Medium Access Control
- RLC Radio Link Control
- LLC for “Logical Link Control” in English
- LLC frames are formed, in the LLC layer, from data units received from a higher level, or network layer, via an adaptation layer or SNDCP (“Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol ”).
- SNDCP Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol
- LLC-PDU data units for “LLC-Protocol Data Units”.
- the LLC-PDU data units are then segmented in the RLC / MAC layer, so as to form blocks called RLC data blocks (or "RLC data blocks").
- RLC data blocks are then put into the format required for transmission over the radio interface, in the physical layer.
- Radio Resource Management Radio Resource Management
- mobility management or MM Mobility Management
- session management or SM Session Management
- LL Logical Link Control
- RR Radio Resource Management
- SM Session Management
- LL Logical Link Control
- packet mode a mode known as “packet transfer mode”, in which resources are temporarily allocated, when data is actually at transmit during a communication, these resources forming a temporary virtual channel or TBF (“Temporary Block Flow”) allowing a transfer of data between mobile station and network, for a given direction of transmission, a mode called “packet idle mode” , in which no TBF is established.
- TBF Temporal Block Flow
- circuit mode the mode in which resources are allocated to a mobile station is called “dedicated mode”, these resources then being dedicated resources allocated to the mobile station for the duration of the call.
- both dedicated resources and resources shared are allocated to the mobile station at the same time, said mobile station is in "dual transfer mode".
- a mobile station When it is switched on, a mobile station is also called in standby mode, or "idle mode".
- GPRS Attachment or “GPRS Attach”
- GPRS Attachment a procedure known as “GPRS Attachment” (or “GPRS Attach”) is defined, allowing a mobile station to switch from “idle mode” to a mode called “GPRS Attachment”. "(Or” GPRS attached "), in which it can access GPRS services.
- GPRS Attachment or “GPRS Attach”
- GPRS Attachment a procedure known as “GPRS Attachment” (or “GPRS Attach”) is defined, allowing a mobile station to switch from “idle mode” to a mode called “GPRS Attachment”. "(Or” GPRS attached "), in which it can access GPRS services.
- CCCH Common Control CHannel
- PCCCH Packet Common Control CHannel
- PDCH Packet Data Channel
- the PDCH data channel includes a traffic channel or PDTCH ("Packet Data Trafic Channel”), and a signaling channel or PACCH ("Packet Associated Control CHannel").
- PDTCH Packet Data Trafic Channel
- PACCH Packet Associated Control CHannel
- the CCCH channel itself includes a certain number of channels such as in particular a PCH (“Paging CHannel”) channel.
- the PCCCH channel itself includes a certain number of channels such as in particular a PPCH (“Packet Paging CHannel”) channel.
- PDP packet data protocol
- the PDP context contains the information necessary for the transfer of data between MS and GGSN (routing information, QoS profile, etc.).
- signaling relating to multimedia call session control has so far been defined for UMTS type technologies.
- Such signaling thus typically comprises the establishment of an RRC connection between a mobile station and a RAN, followed by the establishment of a UMTS carrier to transport the signaling relating to the SIP protocol.
- the RRC protocol for “Radio Resource Control” is defined in the 3GPP TS 25.331 standard.
- the SIP protocol (“Session Initiation Protocol") as well as the SDP protocol (“Session Description Protocol”) which is linked to it have been defined by the IETF ("Internet Engineering Task Force") which is the standardization body for the Internet protocol, or IP (for “Internet Protocol”).
- SI The main stages of such signaling are the following, denoted SI, S2, S3.
- SI the sub stages of such signaling.
- S-CSCF Server-Call Session Control Function
- P-CSCF Proxy-Call Session Control Function
- the stage SI corresponds essentially to a stage preliminary to the establishment of session.
- Step SI uses a procedure known as activation of a data protocol context in packet mode, or PDP context (or “PDP Context”, for “Packet Data Protocol Context”), necessary for the transport of multimedia session control signaling.
- PDP context or “PDP Context”, for “Packet Data Protocol Context”
- a PDP context comprises a set of UMTS carrier parameters, such as in particular quality of service parameters, or QoS (for “Quality of Service”), etc.
- QoS Quality of Service
- the step SI itself essentially comprises the following steps.
- a request for activation of a PDP context is transmitted from the UE to the RAN, with the corresponding end-to-end QoS parameters for the UMTS carrier of SIP level signaling.
- the 3G-SGSN commands the establishment of a radio access carrier (or RAB, or "Radio Access Bearer") so that a medium is available between UE and 3G-SGSN, meeting the quality of service constraints.
- RAB radio access carrier
- the RAN When the RAN receives such a request, after a call admission check, it establishes a radio carrier (or RB, or "Radio Bearer”) on the radio interface (step SI 3) and a read carrier (or " lu bearer ”) on the" lu "interface. The establishment of the RAB can then be confirmed (step SI 4) and the PDP context activated (step SI 5), after negotiation with the 3G-GGSN (step S1 6, SI 7).
- a radio carrier or RB, or "Radio Bearer”
- a read carrier or " lu bearer ”
- Step S2 essentially corresponds to the establishment of the multimedia session at the level of the SIP protocol.
- This step includes negotiation to determine the characteristics for the session being established.
- This negotiation notably includes a codec negotiation, making it possible to determine a list or set of codecs capable of being supported jointly by the two parties to the call and authorized by all the intermediate network nodes, for this session.
- the codecs determine, both in the mobile stations and in the radio access network (in particular in the base stations) as well as in the core network, how to perform the source coding and the channel coding necessary in particular for the transmission on the radio interface.
- codecs for speech coding, in a GSM type system, there are different types of codecs: full speed (or FR, for "Full Rate”), improved full speed (or EFR, for "Enhanced Full Rate”) , half-speed (or HR, for "Half Rate”), or even AMR (for "Adaptive Multi-Rate coding”), the latter being particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to optimize the quality of service (in l occurrence by selecting at each instant, according to the transmission conditions encountered, an optimal combination of a given source coding and a given channel coding).
- Step S2 essentially comprises the following steps.
- RB has been established for SIP signaling (by means of the previous step SI), a first task consists of the SIP client discovering its P-CSCF. Then, he will have to declare himself and register with his S-CSCF, which will call on other entities network core. Finally, during a session establishment, a request called “SIP Invite” is sent to the called party via the P-CSCF and S-CSCF entities.
- This message contains an SDP datagram which indicates for each media stream that the calling UE wishes to establish, a certain number of media parameters such as: media type, combination of QoS attributes, list of codecs capable of being supported. for this session, ... etc.
- Step S3 essentially corresponds to an end of session establishment, and includes a resource allocation step, based on the media flow characteristics (in terms of QoS attributes, negotiated coding, etc.) thus determined. in step S2.
- Step S3 also uses a PDP context activation procedure, also called a secondary PDP context activation procedure (to distinguish it from the primary context activation procedure used in step S1).
- Step S3 is similar to step S1, except that the UMTS carrier parameters to be established now correspond to the needs determined in step S2.
- Step S3 itself comprises steps which are similar to those of step S1, and which for this reason will not be re-described.
- Step S3 thus comprises the establishment of an RAB for this secondary PDP context.
- the RAN performs admission control and accepts or rejects the call.
- each service is defined by quality of service parameters or attributes (such as guaranteed bit rate, transfer delay, etc.), all of these parameters or attributes forming a profile quality of service.
- quality of service management has been improved between versions R97 and R99 of the standard.
- the mobile station can indicate QoS parameters when it requires the establishment of a TBF (for “Temporary Block Flow”) in the uplink direction, using a so-called two-phase access procedure.
- TBF Temporal Block Flow
- each LLC PDU received from the SGSN contains an information element called "QoS Profile Information Element", giving limited information on the quality of service.
- the PDP context (or "PDP context") created during the establishment of a data session contains the information necessary for the transfer of data between MS and GGSN (routing information, QoS profile, ... etc.) .
- PDP context When activating a PDP context, if the PFC functionality is implemented in the BSS and the SGSN, the latter can request QoS parameters from the BSS which can negotiate all or part of these parameters according to its load and capabilities.
- the data associated with a PDP context and therefore with a given QoS are well identified not only in the core network CN but also in the radio access network RAN. This ensures that the QoS offered for the PDP context is negotiated between all the network nodes, and it thus becomes possible to guarantee certain quality of service attributes. It is thus possible to obtain that a guaranteed bit rate or a maximum transfer delay is offered, which makes it possible to offer real-time services.
- the BSS is able to offer the required throughput and also to transfer the LLC PDUs received within the limits of the maximum transfer delay. For this, it is necessary that there is as little queuing as possible in the BSS (it is recalled that the queuing is specific to the transfer used in the systems in packet mode), and that the transfer interruptions (due in particular to cell re-selections, as mentioned above) are as short as possible. This requires that the BSS always know the QoS specifications for the transfer of such data, or in other words that it has a context containing associated QoS profile information.
- the SGSN may at any time request the creation of a context called "BSS Packet Flow Context" (or PFC), in particular when activating a PDP context.
- BSS Packet Flow Context or PFC
- FIG. 6 is a diagram intended to illustrate an example of implementation of a method according to the invention.
- the present invention covers both the case of a call received by the mobile station (or “MT Call”, for “Mobile Terminating Call”) as well as the case of a call sent by the mobile station (or “MO Call “, for” Mobile Originating Call ”) through the packet domain (or" PS domain ").
- a step in these different scenarios is the establishment of a dedicated channel, on creation of a PFC.
- the 3GPP specifications concerning the IMS (23.228 and 24.228) define the different flows for call establishment, and the purpose is not here to recall them.
- an important step which more particularly constitutes one of the objects of the present invention is the step of reserving resources.
- MO session establishment this occurs between the sending of the "Final SDP ”and“ Resource Reservation successful ”.
- MT session establishment this occurs after the “Final SDP” message has been received from the calling party.
- the MS triggers a secondary PDP context activation for the media stream, whose QoS parameters have been negotiated at the SIP level. For this, the
- MS requires uplink TBF (or UL TBF, for "Uplink TBF") on shared channels.
- the SGSN When the SGSN receives the message “ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST from the MS, it creates the PDP context in the SGSN and then sends a CREATE BSS PFC message on the Gb interface, in order to ask the BSS to reserve the necessary radio resources for the real-time media stream.
- the required QoS indicates real-time characteristics. It is proposed here to authorize the BSS to allocate dedicated resources. Two methods or procedures are proposed in the case where the BSS can allocate such resources in correspondence with the required QoS: re-use as much as possible the existing techniques by sending a paging to the MS, or introduce a new allocation message . It can be noted that at this stage the MS is necessarily in the GMM READY state since an LLC PDU in the uplink direction has just been sent, containing the message ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST. (3a) In a first procedure, the BSS generates a "paging" to the MS.
- an MS can receive a “CS paging” (or “paging” for circuit mode services) only if this “CS paging” is received from the MSC. It is proposed here that the BSS generates a “paging” for real-time services after having received a request from the SGSN. Depending on the radio state of the MS, the "paging" message can be sent either on common control channels or on the PACCH of a TBF in progress. This would be similar to "CS paging", with the exception that an indication would be present to indicate that this "paging" comes from the PS ("Packet Switched”) or packet mode domain.
- PS Packet Switched
- the MS will return to the common control channels and initiate a random access procedure by requesting dedicated resources (another option would be to improve DTM (Dual Transfer Mode) procedures in a way authorize the MS to initiate dedicated access through the PACCH of a TBF in progress).
- the BSS will then allocate dedicated resources and the MS will establish the Layer 2 signaling link.
- a GPRS INFORMATION message containing the TLLI identifier ("Temporary Logical Link Identifier") specific to the mobile station MS.
- This message can also contain an empty LLC frame superimposed (“piggybacked” in English) on the SABM message.
- the TLLI will be returned to the BSS, so that the BSS can associate the newly established connection with the request received in the CREATE BSS PFC message.
- an intracellular “handover” can be carried out to allocate resources in correspondence with the request received from the SGSN (or in correspondence with the QoS negotiated with the SGSN) if such resources are available.
- the GPRS INFORMATION message can be sent on the dedicated channel DCCH (“Dedicated Control Channel”) once established. Note that any other message containing the MS TLLI can be used.
- the allocated resources should correspond to the required QoS.
- the BSS then sends an acknowledgment to the SGSN for the creation of the PFC. Note that if the BSS cannot allocate resources to achieve the required QoS, it can first try to negotiate the parameters QoS, and if the negotiation succeeds, it can then carry out the establishment of dedicated channels.
- Activation of the PDP context is then completed (through the establishment of a TBF, or by using the GPRS INFORMATION message, or by using an existing TBF if it is still in progress),
- the real-time PDUs are routed as follows: in the network direction to MS: GGSN -> SGSN (Interface "Gn"), SGSN -> BSC (interface "Gb”), BSC- BTS (Interface Abis), BTS - »MS
- Gn (“Gn” interface) On the “Gb” and “Gn” interfaces the PDUs are routed like packets. On the Abis and radio interfaces, the PDUs are transported on dedicated channels.
- step 61 indicates that the establishment of a call is in progress for a real-time media stream, the “Final SDP” has just been sent (in the case MO) or received (in the case MT), - step 62 indicates that a secondary PDP context is created in the
- step 63 indicates that the BSS has received a “PFC Creation Request” for a real time flow, it establishes dedicated resources, step 64 indicates that the MS activates the dedicated resources allocated, - step 65 indicates that multi-frame operation is now established, the contention is resolved, and the BSS knows the TLLI of the new connection.
- a "handover" is carried out if necessary, step 66 indicates that the SIP call establishment can then occur, the option corresponding to the first procedure indicated above has been noted 67 - the option corresponding to the second procedure indicated above has been noted 68.
- One of the advantages of the invention is that the existing procedures or protocols are re-used. In particular, there is no need to introduce a new channel combination, nor a TBF handover.
- the impacts on a mobile station according to the R99 version of the standard supporting the DTM (Dual Transfer Mode) mode are reduced to a minimum (the PDP context for which a dedicated channel is allocated must be indicated to the mobile station).
- LAPDm can be reused. All signaling can be done through the existing SACCH and FACCH channels. This does not prevent the improvement of procedures
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP03757136A EP1516500A1 (fr) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-06-11 | Procede pour supporter du trafic temps reel dans un systeme de radiocommunications mobiles |
US10/517,370 US20050169207A1 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-06-11 | Method for supporting real time traffic in a mobile radio communications system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR0207173A FR2840758B1 (fr) | 2002-06-11 | 2002-06-11 | Procede pour supporter du trafic temps reel dans un systeme de radiocommunications mobiles |
FR02/07173 | 2002-06-11 |
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EP (1) | EP1516500A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1659906A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2840758B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003105505A1 (fr) |
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2002
- 2002-06-11 FR FR0207173A patent/FR2840758B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-06-11 US US10/517,370 patent/US20050169207A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-11 WO PCT/FR2003/001738 patent/WO2003105505A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2003-06-11 CN CN038134403A patent/CN1659906A/zh active Pending
- 2003-06-11 EP EP03757136A patent/EP1516500A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1516500A1 (fr) | 2005-03-23 |
US20050169207A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
FR2840758A1 (fr) | 2003-12-12 |
FR2840758B1 (fr) | 2004-11-26 |
CN1659906A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
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