WO2003030385A1

WO2003030385A1 - Circuit arrangement, switching module including said circuit arrangement and use of said switching module

Info

Publication number: WO2003030385A1
Application number: PCT/DE2002/003666
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christian Block; Holger FLÜHR; Kurt Wiesbauer; Johann Riedler; Heinz Ragossnig; Heinz Florian
Original assignee: Epcos Ag
Priority date: 2001-09-28
Filing date: 2002-09-27
Publication date: 2003-04-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement comprising an antenna input (1), a signal input (2) and a signal output (3), and a switching unit (4), provided with a control line (5) which is used to control selective connection of the antenna input (1) to the signal input (2) or the signal output (3), wherein the antenna input (1) is connected to a first protection device (6) and the control line (5) is connected to a second protection device (7) for protection against electrostatic discharges, wherein the second protection device (7) is a Zener diode. It is advantageous to use a Zener diode because it allows only a small residual voltage of the ESD pulse. The invention also relates to a switching module and to the use of said switching module.

Description

description

Circuit arrangement, switching module with the circuit arrangement and use of the switching module

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement which has an antenna input, a signal input and a signal output. In addition, the circuit arrangement has a switching unit which optionally connects the antenna input to the signal input or the signal output. In addition, the circuit arrangement has a control line.

Circuit arrangements of the type mentioned are often used as multiband front-end modules for mobile telephones. In this application, they are connected to the antenna of the mobile phone at the antenna input. Touching the antenna by an electrically charged user can lead to electrostatic discharge, as they are also known under the name "Electrostatic Discharge ESD". These electrostatic discharges can generate voltage peaks that are suitable for destroying the circuit arrangement. Accordingly, it is necessary to equip circuit arrangements of the type mentioned at the outset with a protective device against ESD.

From the publication WO 00/57515 circuit arrangements of the type mentioned are known which are equipped with a protective device against ESD. The protective device is formed by an electrical high-pass filter in which a capacitance is connected in series and an inductance is connected in parallel to the antenna input path.

The known circuit arrangement has the disadvantage that only the ESD pulse coupled directly into the circuit arrangement via the antenna can be reduced with the aid of the ESD protection device. In addition to the pulse entering the circuit arrangement directly via the antenna, an electrical Trostatic discharge also generate a high voltage on the circuit arrangement via ground coupling. This can happen, for example, in that the control input usually used in a switch is either at a high potential (high) or at a low potential

(low). The high potential is defined in that it is, for example, 2.3 V above the ground potential of the circuit arrangement. Since in a mobile phone as in many other devices based on signal transmission using antennas, the signal coupling from the

If the antenna runs to the earth of the system, an electrostatic discharge can also have a direct effect on the ground potential of the circuit arrangement in the case of a circuit arrangement mentioned at the beginning. Via the direct coupling of a control line to the ground through the "high" condition, the voltage pulse resulting from an electrostatic discharge can have an effect on the circuit arrangement in addition to the path via the antenna and also via the control line. The known circuit arrangement is not protected against these effects.

The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset which has improved protection against electrostatic discharges.

This goal is achieved by a circuit arrangement according to claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention and a switching module and the use of the switching module can be found in the dependent claims.

A circuit arrangement is described which contains a switching unit with an antenna input, a signal input and a signal output. The switching unit is suitable for connecting the antenna input to the signal input or the signal output in an electrically conductive manner. There is also a control line on the switch unit arranged, which controls the switch position of the switching unit. In addition, the antenna input is connected to a first protective device against electrostatic discharge. The control line is also connected to a second protective device against electrostatic discharge.

The second protection device is a Zener diode. Such a Zener diode has the advantage that it has a very low residual voltage. For example, a higher voltage can no longer build up at the Zener diode from a voltage of 0.7 V in the forward direction, since the Zener diode is already conductive in this case. In the blocking direction, the residual voltage is dependent on the Zener voltage, which can be 3.9 V, for example. The residual voltage is the voltage that can drop to a maximum at the component selected as the protective device. The residual voltage also determines the part of the voltage of the ESD voltage pulse that can stress the circuit arrangement.

Zener diodes also have the advantage that they have a fast response time. Z-diodes are voltage-controlled switches in which high capacitance would be an obstacle due to an extended switching time. Since Zener diodes have smaller small capacitances, they have the advantage of a very fast response time.

The protective devices against electrostatic discharges are advantageously connected to a ground connection, into which the overvoltages of the electrostatic discharge can be derived.

The switching unit can be, for example, a voltage-controlled switch, as is usually used in mobile telephones due to its low power consumption. A gallium arsenide switch is particularly suitable as the switching unit. The switching unit can also have a plurality of signal inputs and outputs. Accordingly, several control lines are required.

Series resistors can also be connected in series with the control lines, which serve as additional protection of the circuit arrangement against overload.

The gallium arsenide switch can also be provided with a decoder, with the aid of which the number of control lines can be reduced. Such a decoder usually requires a power supply that is connected via a supply line. The ESD protection of such a circuit can be further improved by connecting the supply line to a third protective device against electrostatic discharge.

The decoder can also be constructed in such a way that the voltages of the control lines are generated from the voltage of the supply line. This is possible, for example, by means of so-called "pull-up resistors". Then the ESD protection can be simplified by providing only the voltage supply line with a second protection device. The protection of the control lines is then taken over by the protection of the power supply.

The third protective device can also be designed as a Zener diode.

A series resistor can also be connected in series with the supply line, which offers further protection of the circuit arrangement against destruction.

Advantageous values for the series resistors are 0 to 1 kΩ The circuit arrangement can also contain frequency filters which are assigned to individual signal inputs or signal outputs. They are particularly suitable for using the ΛΓOΏ on a mobile phone. filter the frequencies picked up by the antenna so that the filtered signals routed via the signal output can be processed further by the mobile phone. The same applies to the signal inputs of the circuit arrangement, which are used in a mobile phone to send voice signals generated in the mobile phone via the antenna to a receiver.

For example, an electrical frequency filter can be used as the first protective device against electrostatic discharges. In addition, there is also a voltage limiting element such as a varistor or a switching spark gap into consideration.

The circuit arrangement according to the invention has the advantage that the protective measure against ESD at the antenna input can be made less complex due to the additional ESD protection on the control line of the switching unit. For example, in the event that the first protective device is an electrical filter, it is possible to implement this filter with a small number of components, which adversely affects the filter properties but has a positive effect on the insertion loss.

It is also possible to use a varistor with a somewhat higher switching voltage on the antenna side and thus a component that is cheaper to buy.

For example, a varistor with a varistor voltage of 20 V instead of a varistor voltage of 6 V can be used for the first protective device. The varistor voltage of 6 V would be required to protect the circuit arrangement against ESD pulses in the event that the control line itself does not have any further protection. On the basis of the invention, the protective device at the antenna input can be designed in the form of an electrical frequency filter, the insertion loss of which is less than 0.3 dB.

Furthermore, the invention corresponds to a circuit arrangement in which the antenna input is connected to an antenna and in which the signal output is connected to a receiving amplifier of a mobile phone and the signal input is connected to a transmitting amplifier of a mobile phone.

A switching module is also specified which contains a circuit arrangement according to the invention. The switching module also contains a multilayer ceramic substrate with integrated passive components that form electrical frequency filters. These frequency filters are assigned to the signal inputs and outputs. The switching unit is arranged on the top of the multilayer ceramic substrate and can be implemented, for example, with the aid of PIN diodes or in the form of a gallium arsenide switch. Furthermore, the first and second protective devices against electrostatic discharges are integrated in the switching module.

The switching module has the advantage that due to the integration of the passive components in the ceramic substrate and the integration of the protective device into the switching module, a high level of integration is achieved, which has an advantageous effect on the space requirement of the switching module. The first and second protective devices can be integrated into the switching module, for example, by building these components on the surface of the ceramic substrate next to the switching unit.

In particular, it is also advantageous to use the switching module as a front-end module in a mobile phone. The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and the associated figures.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a circuit arrangement according to the invention in a basic circuit diagram.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a further circuit arrangement according to the invention in a basic circuit diagram.

Figure 3 shows the use of the circuit arrangement according to the invention in a mobile phone based on a schematic diagram.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a switching module according to the invention in a schematic longitudinal section.

For all figures, the same reference numerals designate the same elements.

Figure 1 shows a circuit arrangement with a switching unit 4, which is provided with a ground 8. The switching unit 4 has an antenna input 1, which is connected to an antenna 18. The antenna input 1 is connected to a first protective device 6 against electrostatic discharge (symbolized by the lightning in FIG. 1). The switching unit 4 contains at least one control line 5 which controls the switching process for connecting the antenna input 1 to the signal inputs 2 or the signal outputs 3 of the switching unit 4. In Figure 1, three control lines 5 are shown. At least one of these control

Lines 5 is provided with a second protective device 7 against electrostatic discharge.

The switching unit 4 shown in FIG. 1 also has a decoder, for which a supply line 11 is required. The supply line 11 is connected to a supply voltage + Vcc. In addition, the supply supply line 11 connected to a third protective device 12 against electrostatic discharge. The first protective device 6 can be a frequency filter or a varistor, for example.

The second and third protective devices 7, 12 are Z-diodes with a forward voltage of 0.7 V and with a Zener voltage of 3.9 V. The Z-diodes are connected to ground 8. Series resistors 25 are connected in series with the control lines 5 and the supply line 11, which further protect the switching unit 4 against destruction by high voltages. Positive voltage peaks are cut off by the Zener breakdown, negative voltage peaks by the forward voltage of the Zener diode.

FIG. 2 shows a voltage-controlled GaAs switch 9 with an antenna input 1, to which an antenna 18 is connected. The GaAs switch 9 has transmitter inputs TX] _, T∑ ₂ and receiver inputs RX] _, RX2 and RX ₃ . The GaAs switch 9 is controlled via control inputs S- [, S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , S5. The control takes place in such a way that exactly one of the control inputs S] _, S2, S ₃ , S ₄ and S5 is set to "high", while the other control inputs are set to "low". Due to the decoder 10 connected to the GaAs switch 9, the

Number of inputs required can be reduced. The decoder 10 can be, for example, a 1 out of 5 decoder. It has control inputs E] _, E2 and E ₃ as well as control outputs A _] _, A ₂ , A ₃ , A4 and A ₅ . The control outputs A ^ _, A2 _/ A ₃ , A ₄ and A5 are connected by control lines 24 to the control inputs S] _, S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , S _{5 of} the GaAs switch 9.

The control inputs E ^, E ₂ and E _{3 of} the decoder 10 are connected to control lines 5.

The exemplary decoding of a logic signal present at the inputs E _] _, E and E _{3 of} the decoder 10 in for The control of the GaAs switch 9 suitable signals present at the control inputs S _] _, S2, S ₃ , S4, S5 of the GaAs switch 9 is described by the following translation table:

Table 1: Logical states of the control inputs S ^, S S3, S ₄ , S5 depending on the logical states at the control inputs E _] _, E2 and E3. It means 1 = "high" and 0 = "low".

The transmitter inputs TXj_, TX ₂ correspond to the signal inputs 2 from FIG. 1. The receiver inputs RX] _, RX2, and RX ₃ correspond to the signal outputs 3 from FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows a switching module with a GaAs switch 9, which has an antenna input 1 and two signal inputs 2 and three signal outputs 3. In addition, the switching module has two low-pass filters 13, 14, the low-pass filter 13 for the GSM frequency band and the low-pass filter 14 for the PCN / PCS frequency band. The GaAs switch 9 optionally connects one of the inputs / outputs 2, 3 to its antenna input 1. The switching module also has bandpass filters 15, 16, 17, which are connected to the signal outputs 3. The bandpass filter 15 is adapted to the GSM frequency, the bandpass filter 16 to the PCN frequency and the bandpass filter 17 to the PCS frequency.

There are the signal inputs 2 of the GaAs switch 9 with transmitter amplifiers 19 electrically connected. The transmitter amplifiers 19, like the low-pass filters 13, 14, are connected to the radio sequences GSM or PCN / PCS adapted. The signal outputs 3 are electrically conductively connected to receiver amplifiers 19a via the bandpass filters 15, 16, 17, the receiver amplifiers 19a being adapted to the frequency bands GSM, PCN or PCS. The antenna input 1 of the GaAs switch 9 is connected to an antenna 18. The signals received by the antenna 18 can now be fed to either the bandpass filter 16, the bandpass filter 17 or the bandpass filter 15 by means of the GaAs switch 9, where they are filtered depending on the radio frequency used and in amplifiers

19a can be processed further. The signals supplied by the transmitter amplifiers 19 are filtered by the low-pass filters 13, 14 and optionally supplied to the antenna 18 for transmitting a signal.

FIG. 4 shows a switching module with a multilayer ceramic substrate 20, in which passive components 21, 22, 23 are integrated. These passive components 21, 22, 23 can be, for example, resistors 21, capacitors 22 and inductors 23. The multilayer ceramic substrate 20 can be designed in a manner known per se. Ceramic layers 30 stacked on top of one another, which are separated from one another by metallic layers 31, can be used as multilayer ceramic substrate 20. Some of the metallic layers 31 are connected to one another by vias 32 running inside the ceramic layers 30. A switching unit 4 is mounted on the upper side of the ceramic substrate 20, which switching unit can be a gallium arsenide multiple switch mounted in flip-chip technology, for example.

The switching unit 4 can be attached and electrically contacted, for example, by gluing and additional wire bonding. A GaAs multiple switch is preferably used as the switching unit 4. Such a switch can have an insertion loss of 0.8 dB in the frequency range between 0.1 and 0.5 GHz. It may be one on Galliu- marsenide-based integrated circuit trade with FET, the pin surfaces can be connected to the ceramic substrate 20 by soldering.

The switching unit 4 can also be attached to the multilayer ceramic substrate 20 and electrically connected by means of wire bonding. A connection by means of soldering is preferably used if the switching unit 4 is used with an additional housing.

The passive components 21, 22, 23 can form the filters 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 required according to FIG.

In addition to the switching unit 4, the first protective device 6 and the second protective device 7 are also mounted on the surface of the substrate 20. This achieves a high degree of integration for the switching module according to the invention, which has a positive effect on the space requirement of the switching module.

Such a switching module can be used, for example, in mobile telephones, which is why the advantageous use of the switching module according to the invention as a front-end module in a mobile radio device is a further subject of the invention.

The invention is not limited to the examples mentioned for the first and third protective devices, rather all conceivable protective devices can be used in the circuit arrangement according to the invention. In addition, the circuit arrangement or the switching module is not limited to use in mobile telephones. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 antenna input

2 signal input 3 signal output

4 switching unit

5 control line

6, 7, 12 first, second, third protection device 8 ground 9 gallium arsenide switch

10 decoders

11 supply line 13, 14 low-pass filter

15, 16, 17 bandpass filter 18 antenna

19 transmitter amplifiers

19a receiving amplifier

20 multilayer ceramic substrate

21 resistor 22 capacitance

23 inductance

24 control line

25 series resistor

30 ceramic layers 31 metallic layers

32 vias

TX] _, TX ₂ transmitter inputs-

RX] _, RX2, RX3 receiver inputs

S _] _, S2, S3, S4, S5 control inputs of switch A _] _, A ₂ , A3, A4, A5 control outputs of the decoder

E] _, E, E3 control inputs of the decoder

Vcc supply voltage

Claims

claims

1. Circuit arrangement

- With an antenna input (1), a signal input (2) and a signal output (3),

- With a switching unit (4), the antenna input (1) either with the signal input (2) or the signal output

(3) can connect, and

- Which has a control line (5) which controls the switch position of the switching unit (4),

- in which the antenna input (1) is connected to a first protective device (6) and the control line (5) is connected to a second protective device (7) against electrostatic discharges, and - in which the second protective device (7) is a Zener diode is.

2. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, in which a series resistor (25) is connected in series with the control line (5).

3. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the Zener diode has a forward voltage less than IV and a Zener voltage less than 20V. ^'

4. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the protective devices (6, 7) are connected to a ground (8).

5. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the switching unit (4) is a voltage-controlled switch.

6. Circuit arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the switching unit (4) is a gallium arsenide switch (9).

7. Circuit arrangement according to claim 6,

- in which a decoder (10) is additionally provided, which has a supply line (11),

- And in which the supply line (11) is provided with a third protective device (12) against electrostatic discharge.

8. Circuit arrangement according to claim 7, in which a series resistor (25) is connected in series with the supply line (11).

9. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, which additionally contains frequency filters (13, 14, 15, 16, 17) which are each assigned to a signal input (2) or a signal output (3) and are each connected in series therewith.

10. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the first protective device (6) is an electrical frequency filter.

11. The circuit arrangement according to claim 10, wherein the electrical frequency filter has an insertion loss which is less than 0.3 dB.

12. Circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which the antenna input (1) with an antenna (17), the signal input (2) with a transmission amplifier (19) and the signal output (3) with a reception amplifier (19a) that is.

13. Switch module with a circuit arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12,

comprising a multilayer ceramic substrate (20) with integrated passive components (21, 22, 23) which form frequency filters (13, 14, 15, 16, 17),

- On the top of which the switching unit (4) is arranged, - And in which the first and second protective device (6, 7) is integrated.

14. Use of a switching module according to claim 13 as a front-end module in a mobile phone.