WO2002039043A1 - Method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature reactors - Google Patents

Method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature reactors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002039043A1
WO2002039043A1 PCT/NO2001/000370 NO0100370W WO0239043A1 WO 2002039043 A1 WO2002039043 A1 WO 2002039043A1 NO 0100370 W NO0100370 W NO 0100370W WO 0239043 A1 WO0239043 A1 WO 0239043A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
evaporation cooled
cooled unit
cooling medium
evaporation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2001/000370
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jan Arthur Aune
Per Olav Nos
Original Assignee
Elkem Asa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elkem Asa filed Critical Elkem Asa
Priority to AU2001292448A priority Critical patent/AU2001292448A1/en
Publication of WO2002039043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002039043A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4646—Cooling arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0005—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0045—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a block, e.g. metallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature metallurgical reactors and to a method for regulating the operation of high temperature reactors based on information obtained from heat flow and/or temperature of one or more evaporation cooled components of such reactors.
  • evaporation cooling is a closed container which in its lower part contains a cooling medium such as water, oil, alkaline metals and certain salts. The cooling media used in evaporation coolers must be able to exist in both liquid and gasous state without being degraded. When an evaporation cooler has been filled with the necessary amount of cooling medium it is evacuated to a low pressure and sealed.
  • the known evaporation cooling units are not designed in such a way that it is possible to operate the evaporation cooled unit within a preset temperature interval as the temperature at which these evaporation cooled units operate cannot be controlled and adjusted.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of components or parts in high temperature metallurgical reactors, which components or parts are equipped with at least one evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit contains a cooling medium which is in liquid state at the temperature at which the components or parts is set to operate and which cooling medium has a boiling point within a preset temperature range which the component is to set to operate and where the amount and/or the temperature of a second cooling medium used to condense the vapour of the cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit is regulated and controlled in order to keep the pressure within the evaporation cooled unit and thereby the temperature of the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit, within the preselected temperature range.
  • the method of the present invention can be used for instance in sidewall linings of electrothermic smelting furnaces, in sidewall linings of electrolytic aluminum production cells, to control the temperature in the area of tapping holes of electrotermic smelting furnaces, to control the temperature of electrode components like current clamps and other components which are exposed to high the temperature.
  • a plurality of panels facing the inside of the furnace which panels are evaporation cooled panels.
  • a cooling medium in the evaporation cooled panels having suitable melting and boiling points and by regulating the amount and/or the temperature of the second cooling medium, one can lock the temperature on the side of the panels facing the interior of the furnace within a predetermined temperature interval. In this way it is possible to maintain a temperature on the sidewall panels which is the same or slightly lower than the temperature in the furnace, whereby only surplus heat above this temperature is removed.
  • This also makes it possible to obtain and maintain a thin and controllable layer of solids on the side of the panels facing the interior of the furnace, which solid layer will protect the sidewall panels against attack from the melt in the furnace.
  • Tapping hole structures in reactors for smelting ores are often cooled in order 5 to withstand the heat when tapping metal and slag.
  • the temperature on such structure may become so low that slag and metal may solidify on the structure, thus giving rise to tapping problems, as such deposits must be removed in order to maintain a proper tapping.
  • the temperature of the tapping hole structure can be locked at a high temperature thus avoid building of deposits from slag and metal.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling and regulating the operation of high temperature metallurgical
  • reactors said reactors containing at least of one component equipped with an evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit is set to operate within a preselected temperature range, wherein the heat flow from the evaporation cooled unit and/or the temperature in the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit are continuously measured and that these values are o used as parameters for controlling and regulating the process carried out in the high temperature metallurgical reactor.
  • the furnace lining of the reactor comprises a plurality of evaporation cooled units where the heat flow from each evaporation cooled unit and/or the temperature in the liquid cooling 5 medium in each evaporation cooled unit are measured, and that these measured values are used as parameters for regulating the process in the high temperature metallurgical reactor.
  • the evaporation cooled units thus becomes sensors for the furnace conditions as the information from the evaporation cooled units are used as a feed back to control and regulate power levels, raw material supply to the furnace and even to control the chemical composition of slag in the reactor.
  • evaporation cooled units can be included as temperature and heat sensors in for instance furnace roofs. By continuously measuring the temperature and/or heat flow in these evaporation cooled units, the heat stress on the furnace roof is monitored and if the heat stress becomes above a preset level, an alarm signal is sent to the operator or to a control unit and proper adjustment of the furnace operation can be made in order to lower the heat stress to a value below the preset level.
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical cut through part of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum where the sidewalls are cooled according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an electrolytic cell 1 for the production of aluminum.
  • the electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic tank 2 having an outer shell 3 made from steel.
  • carbon blocks 4 which are connected to electric terminals (not shown) said carbon blocks constituting the cathode of the electrolytic cell.
  • An anode 5 is arranged above and spaced apart from the carbon blocks 4.
  • the anode 5 is preferably prebaked carbon anode blocks or a self-baking carbon anode, also called S ⁇ derberg anode.
  • the anode 5 is suspended from above in conventional way (not shown) and connected to electrical terminals.
  • the evaporation cooled panel is preferably made from non-magnetic steel.
  • the evaporation cooled panel 7 consists of a lower part 8 intended to contain a 0 first cooling medium which will be in liquid state below or at the preselected operation temperature of the evaporation cooled panels and have a boiling in the preselected temperature range.
  • a preferred cooling medium is sodium, but other cooling media satisfying the above requirements may be used.
  • the evaporation cooled panel 7 has an upper part 9 for condensing cooling liquid evaporated from the lower part 8 of the evaporation cooled panel 7.
  • the condensing of evaporated cooling medium in the upper part 9 of the evaporation cooled panel 7 takes place by circulating a second cooling >o medium having a lower temperature than the first cooling medium contained in the evaporation cooled panel 7, through a first closed cooling loop 10 passing through the interior of the upper part 9 of the evaporation cooled panel 7.
  • the electrolytic cell When in operation, the electrolytic cell contains a lower layer 11 of molten !5 aluminum and an upper layer 12 of cryolite-based molten electrolytic bath 12.
  • Aluminum oxide is in conventional way supplied to the electrolytic bath 12 and is dissolved in the bath 12.
  • the evaporation cooled panel 7 is set to operate at a temperature in the range of for instance 850 and 950°C at atmospheric pressure, which is slightly lower o than the temperature of the electrolytic bath which is in the range of about 920 to 950°C.
  • the pressure in the evaporation cooled panels 7 by regulating the temperature and/or amount of the second cooling medium for condensing the vapour of the first cooling medium, the temperature in the panels 7 can be locked at a slightly lower temperature than the temperature of the electrolytic bath.
  • the second cooling medium only heat above the predetermined temperature is removed by the second cooling medium. The result is that a thin stable layer 13 of frozen bath is formed on the inside of the evaporation cooled panels which layer 13 protects the panels from being attacked by the electrolytic bath.
  • the heat flow from the evaporation cooled panel 7 and/or the temperature in the first cooling medium is measured continuously thus giving a measure of the temperature strain on the evaporation cooled panel 7. These values are indicative of the operation of the electrolytic cell and are used as a parameter for operating the electrolytic cell.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of components or parts in high temperature metallurgical reactors. The components or parts are equipped with at least one evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit contains a cooling medium which is in liquid state at the temperature at which the components or parts is set to operate and which cooling medium has a boiling point within a preset temperature range at which the component is set to operate. The amount and/or the temperature of a second cooling medium used to condense the vapour of the cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit are regulated and controlled in order to keep the pressure within the evaporation cooled unit and thereby the temperature of the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit, within a preselected range. The invention further relates to a method for regulating the operation of high temperature metallurgical reactors containing at least of one component equipped with an evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit is set to operate within a preselected temperature range. The heat flow from the evaporation cooled unit and/or the temperature in the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit are continuously measured and these values are used as parameters for controlling and regulating the process carried out in the high temperature metallurgical reactor.

Description

Title: Method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature reactors.
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature metallurgical reactors and to a method for regulating the operation of high temperature reactors based on information obtained from heat flow and/or temperature of one or more evaporation cooled components of such reactors.
Background Art In nearly all metallurgical reactors used to carry out high temperature pyrometallurgical reactions there are components or parts that need cooling. Examples of such components and parts are: furnace linings, tapping hole structures, furnace hood, electrode equipment etc.
Conventionally, cooling of these kind of components have been carried out by water cooling, by circulating cooling water through internal passages in the components.
One main disadvantage with the known methods of cooling components in reactors that operate at very high temperature is that due to the nature of the cooling medium, too much heat are removed during cooling. Thus with water cooling, the temperature of the water must be kept at a tempeature below about 85°C in order to avoid formation of water vapour which may block the flow of water in the internal cooling channels in the components.
Water cooling of components and parts in high temperature metallurgical reactors often gives a too high removal of heat. In addition to excessive heat losses from the reactor this also causes process problems as the temperature on some water cooled components becomes too low resulting in a very high temperature difference between the components or parts and the material processed in the reactor. Thus, excessive cooling of for instance a structure near a tapping hole in a reactor for smelting ores, may cause internal deposits on the structure which may give rise to tapping problems. More recently some components, like furnace linings in high temperature metallurgical reactors have been cooled by so-called evaporation cooling. An evaporation cooler is a closed container which in its lower part contains a cooling medium such as water, oil, alkaline metals and certain salts. The cooling media used in evaporation coolers must be able to exist in both liquid and gasous state without being degraded. When an evaporation cooler has been filled with the necessary amount of cooling medium it is evacuated to a low pressure and sealed.
When heat is supplied to the part of the evaporation cooler which contains the liquid medium no transport of heat will occur until the cooling medium has been heated to its boiling point. The boiling point of the cooling medium is a function of the internal pressure in the evaporation cooler. The boiling point of the cooling medium can thus be controlled by controlling the pressure in the evaporation cooler. When the liquid cooling medium starts to boil, heat is transferred to vapour which will rise to the top of the evaporation cooler where the vapour is condensed in a condensator containing a second cooling medium. The heat of condensation is transferred to the second cooling medium and the condensed vapour will flow down into the liquid in the evaporation cooler. Evaporation cooling of furnace linings is described in US patent No. 4,674,728.
However, the known evaporation cooling units are not designed in such a way that it is possible to operate the evaporation cooled unit within a preset temperature interval as the temperature at which these evaporation cooled units operate cannot be controlled and adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling the temperature of components or parts in high temperature metallurgical reactors by the use of evaporation cooling, whereby the operation temperature of the components and parts can be locked at a preset value or at a temperature within a preset temperature interval in such a way that only surplus heat above a preset temperature is removed. It is further an object of the present invention to provide a method for regulating the operation of high temperature metallurgical reactors based on information obtained from temperature and/or heat flow from one or more evaporation cooled components of such reactors.
According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of components or parts in high temperature metallurgical reactors, which components or parts are equipped with at least one evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit contains a cooling medium which is in liquid state at the temperature at which the components or parts is set to operate and which cooling medium has a boiling point within a preset temperature range which the component is to set to operate and where the amount and/or the temperature of a second cooling medium used to condense the vapour of the cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit is regulated and controlled in order to keep the pressure within the evaporation cooled unit and thereby the temperature of the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit, within the preselected temperature range.
The method of the present invention can be used for instance in sidewall linings of electrothermic smelting furnaces, in sidewall linings of electrolytic aluminum production cells, to control the temperature in the area of tapping holes of electrotermic smelting furnaces, to control the temperature of electrode components like current clamps and other components which are exposed to high the temperature.
For sidewall linings in electrothermic smelting furnaces it is used a plurality of panels facing the inside of the furnace which panels are evaporation cooled panels. By using a cooling medium in the evaporation cooled panels having suitable melting and boiling points and by regulating the amount and/or the temperature of the second cooling medium, one can lock the temperature on the side of the panels facing the interior of the furnace within a predetermined temperature interval. In this way it is possible to maintain a temperature on the sidewall panels which is the same or slightly lower than the temperature in the furnace, whereby only surplus heat above this temperature is removed. This also makes it possible to obtain and maintain a thin and controllable layer of solids on the side of the panels facing the interior of the furnace, which solid layer will protect the sidewall panels against attack from the melt in the furnace.
Tapping hole structures in reactors for smelting ores are often cooled in order 5 to withstand the heat when tapping metal and slag. However, if such structures are water cooled the temperature on such structure may become so low that slag and metal may solidify on the structure, thus giving rise to tapping problems, as such deposits must be removed in order to maintain a proper tapping. By cooling the tapping hole structure using evaporation o cooling according to the present invention, the temperature of the tapping hole structure can be locked at a high temperature thus avoid building of deposits from slag and metal.
According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for controlling and regulating the operation of high temperature metallurgical
5 reactors said reactors containing at least of one component equipped with an evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit is set to operate within a preselected temperature range, wherein the heat flow from the evaporation cooled unit and/or the temperature in the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit are continuously measured and that these values are o used as parameters for controlling and regulating the process carried out in the high temperature metallurgical reactor.
According to a preferred embodiment the furnace lining of the reactor comprises a plurality of evaporation cooled units where the heat flow from each evaporation cooled unit and/or the temperature in the liquid cooling 5 medium in each evaporation cooled unit are measured, and that these measured values are used as parameters for regulating the process in the high temperature metallurgical reactor.
By this method one can continuously measure the temperature strain on components, particularly the furnace lining, of high temperature metallurgical o reactors and use these measured values to regulate the operation of the reactor. Thus, if the measured values of the temperature or removed heat from the evaporation cooled unit increases above a preset value, the load on the furnace is reduced, and if the measured values decreases below a preset valued the load is increased. In this way the furnace can be operated at a maximum load without subjecting the furnace components to temperatures they cannot withstand .
The evaporation cooled units thus becomes sensors for the furnace conditions as the information from the evaporation cooled units are used as a feed back to control and regulate power levels, raw material supply to the furnace and even to control the chemical composition of slag in the reactor.
Further, evaporation cooled units can be included as temperature and heat sensors in for instance furnace roofs. By continuously measuring the temperature and/or heat flow in these evaporation cooled units, the heat stress on the furnace roof is monitored and if the heat stress becomes above a preset level, an alarm signal is sent to the operator or to a control unit and proper adjustment of the furnace operation can be made in order to lower the heat stress to a value below the preset level.
Short description of the drawings
Figure 1 shows a vertical cut through part of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum where the sidewalls are cooled according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the Invention
The method of the present invention will now be further described by way of an example of a component for use as a sidewall in an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum.
In Figure 1 there is shown an electrolytic cell 1 for the production of aluminum. The electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic tank 2 having an outer shell 3 made from steel. In the bottom of the steel shell 3 there are arranged carbon blocks 4 which are connected to electric terminals (not shown) said carbon blocks constituting the cathode of the electrolytic cell. An anode 5 is arranged above and spaced apart from the carbon blocks 4. The anode 5 is preferably prebaked carbon anode blocks or a self-baking carbon anode, also called Søderberg anode. The anode 5 is suspended from above in conventional way (not shown) and connected to electrical terminals.
Inside the steel shell 3 on the sidewalls of the electrolytic tank there is
5 arranged a layer of heat insulating refractory material 6 and on the inside of the layer of heat insulating refractory material 6 there is arranged an evaporation cooled panel 7 facing the inside of the electrolytic cell. The evaporation cooled panel is preferably made from non-magnetic steel. The evaporation cooled panel 7 consists of a lower part 8 intended to contain a 0 first cooling medium which will be in liquid state below or at the preselected operation temperature of the evaporation cooled panels and have a boiling in the preselected temperature range. A preferred cooling medium is sodium, but other cooling media satisfying the above requirements may be used. After the first cooling medium is supplied to the evaporation cooled panel the panel is
15 evacuated and sealed.
The evaporation cooled panel 7 has an upper part 9 for condensing cooling liquid evaporated from the lower part 8 of the evaporation cooled panel 7. The condensing of evaporated cooling medium in the upper part 9 of the evaporation cooled panel 7 takes place by circulating a second cooling >o medium having a lower temperature than the first cooling medium contained in the evaporation cooled panel 7, through a first closed cooling loop 10 passing through the interior of the upper part 9 of the evaporation cooled panel 7.
When in operation, the electrolytic cell contains a lower layer 11 of molten !5 aluminum and an upper layer 12 of cryolite-based molten electrolytic bath 12.
Aluminum oxide is in conventional way supplied to the electrolytic bath 12 and is dissolved in the bath 12.
The evaporation cooled panel 7 is set to operate at a temperature in the range of for instance 850 and 950°C at atmospheric pressure, which is slightly lower o than the temperature of the electrolytic bath which is in the range of about 920 to 950°C. By adjusting the pressure in the evaporation cooled panels 7 by regulating the temperature and/or amount of the second cooling medium for condensing the vapour of the first cooling medium, the temperature in the panels 7 can be locked at a slightly lower temperature than the temperature of the electrolytic bath. Thus only heat above the predetermined temperature is removed by the second cooling medium. The result is that a thin stable layer 13 of frozen bath is formed on the inside of the evaporation cooled panels which layer 13 protects the panels from being attacked by the electrolytic bath.
The heat flow from the evaporation cooled panel 7 and/or the temperature in the first cooling medium is measured continuously thus giving a measure of the temperature strain on the evaporation cooled panel 7. These values are indicative of the operation of the electrolytic cell and are used as a parameter for operating the electrolytic cell.

Claims

1. Method for controlling the temperature of components or parts in high temperature metallurgical reactors, which components or parts are equipped with at least one evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit contains a cooling medium which is in liquid state at the temperature at which the components or parts is set to operate and which cooling medium has a boiling point within a preset temperature range at which the component is set to operate, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the amount and/or the temperature of a second cooling medium used to condense the vapour of the cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit are regulated and controlled in order to keep the pressure within the evaporation cooled unit and thereby the temperature of the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit, within a preselected range.
2. Method for regulating the operation of high temperature metallurgical reactors said reactors containing at least of one component equipped with an evaporation cooled unit, which evaporation cooled unit is set to operate within a preselected temperature range, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the heat flow from the evaporation cooled unit and/or the temperature in the liquid cooling medium in the evaporation cooled unit are continuously measured and that these values are used as parameters for controlling and regulating the process carried out in the high temperature metallurgical reactor.
3. Method according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the furnace lining of the reactor comprises a plurality of evaporation cooled units where the heat flow from each evaporation cooled unit and/or the temperature in the liquid cooling medium in each evaporation cooled unit are measured, and that these measured values are used as parameters for regulating the process in the high temperature metallurgical reactor.
PCT/NO2001/000370 2000-11-13 2001-09-10 Method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature reactors WO2002039043A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AU2001292448A AU2001292448A1 (en) 2000-11-13 2001-09-10 Method for controlling the temperature of components in high temperature reactors

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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NO20005707A NO312770B1 (en) 2000-11-13 2000-11-13 Procedure for controlling temperature of components in high temperature reactors
NO20005707 2000-11-13

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011000699A3 (en) * 2009-07-01 2011-04-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for cooling a cooling element of an electric arc furnace, electric arc furnace for melting down metal articles, and control device for an electric arc furnace
CN107620093A (en) * 2017-09-22 2018-01-23 张安全 A kind of aluminium cell on-Line Monitor Device

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