NON REGISTRATION OF WIRELESS RADIOS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application number 60/179,509, filed February 1, 2000. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wireless networks. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing overhead in a cellular network by reducing autonomous registrations of wireless radios. Description of the Related Art
ANSI/TLAJEIA-41-D, Approved November 13, 1997, published December, 1997, sets forth a standard for intersystem operation in cellular radiotelecommunications, that is, for operation on the network side of the Mobile Switching Center (MSC). With reference to Fig. 1, the cellular system 100 described therein is illustrated. A Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 130 provides an interface for traffic between a cellular network and other networks such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN) 133 reachable via link 170, or other MSCs in the same or other cellular networks. Any number of mobile stations (MSs), e.g., MSs 120-124, may communicate with other MSs or other devices in the same or other cellular networks, or in the PSTN, via MSC 130. Base station (BS) 125 comprises radio equipment located in a cell of a cellular radio system to provide for communication between the MSC and the mobile stations via air interface 150 and interface 155.
Nisitor Location Register (NLR) 135 is coupled to MSC 130 via interface 160. This register is used by MSC 130 to store and retrieve information relating to call set up and management for visiting mobile stations, also known as visiting subscribers. The NLR and its
functionality may be integrated with or separate from the MSC, and may serve multiple MSCs. Home Location Register (HLR) 140, which serves, for example, any one of mobile stations 120-124, is coupled in communication with NLR 135 via link 165. The communication between NLR and HLR over link 165 may be maintained by way of the well known Signaling System 7 (SS7) out-of-band network commonly utilized in today's telephone networks. HLR 140 is a location register that provides information about a mobile station, or subscriber, in the cellular system. Just as with the NLR, the HLR may be integrated with or separate from a switch, and may serve more than one switch. Additionally, the HLR may be distributed over multiple physical locations.
As is well known in cellular system operation, a mobile station (MS) can move to different locations in the cellular network, from one cellular service area to another cellular service area. Thus, the MS may initially be served by a home MSC and associated HLR, then move (roam) so that it is in a different cellular service area and served by a new MSC arid associated NLR. When a MS moves from an old serving MSC to a new serving MSC, the protocols set forth in EIA/TIA-41-D are invoked to update the MSCs, the HLR and the NLR as to the location and other details regarding the MS.
When a mobile station (MS) moves to a new area served by a new MSC, the MS may notify the serving MSC that it is roaming in the service area covered by the MSC by broadcasting an autonomous registration. The MSC thereby detects the MS is roaming in its cellular service area and issues a RegistrationΝotification invoke (REGΝOT) to its associated NLR to, among other things, report the new location of the MS and validate the MS. If the NLR recognizes the MS as having previously registered with a MSC within its domain and the information regarding the MS is correct, no further action is taken. If information regarding the MS needs to be updated, for example, if the identity of the MSC (MSCID) now serving
the MS has changed, the NLR sends a REGΝOT to the HLR associated with the home MSC for the MS. The appropriate HLR is determined by the mobile identification number (MUST) assigned to the MS (and communicated to the MSC/NLR, for example, by way of the autonomous registration). The NLR receives and forwards the RegistrationΝotification response (regnot), the response validating the MS, from the HLR to the new serving MSC. If the MS is being served by a new MSC, the HLR sends a registration cancellation (REGCAΝC) to the old serving MSC. In this way, the locations of subscribers is maintained so that the subscriber can send and receive calls regardless of the location of the subscriber in the cellular system.
In telemetry applications, an MS may interface with a remote device. For example, application specific device 105 is coupled in communication with MSI 120, while application specific device 110 is in communication with MS5 124. The application specific devices may communicate with an application specific server resident on a hub or switch associated with the HLR for the MS. Alternatively, multiple application specific devices may communicate with the application specific server via a single MS, rather than one application specific device per MS, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Thus, for example, vending machines, alarm systems, or utility meters, incorporating or communicating with a mobile station in a cellular system, may exchange application specific information with an appropriate control or management device coupled to or acting as an HLR on the out-of-band network. The applications for telemetry services such as described above are numerous. As the number of MSs installed in a cellular service area increase, whether in support of the applications or not, the processing overhead and data storage requirements of the MSCs and NLR in the domain in which the MSs are located likewise increases. For example, every time a MS associated with a telemetric device initiates an autonomous registration, the NLR
must verify, and update if necessary, its records for the MS, or add a record if none exists in the NLR and issue a REGΝOT to the HLR for the MS/telemetry device, and receive a regnot from the HLR.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Described is a method for reducing the number of autonomous registrations issued by a mobile station (MS or subscriber) associated with a telemetry device, to reduce the processing overhead and storage requirements for the NLR in the domain in which the MS is located.
A stationary telemetry device and associated cellular transceiver providing cellular mobile radio communication functionality need not repeatedly issue autonomous registrations to notify the HLR associated with the telemetry device of its location. Once the telemetry device issues an autonomous registration, the MSC/NLR for the domain in which the device is located issues a REGΝOT to the telemetry server/HLR, and the HLR responds with a regnot validating the device to the MSC/NLR, there is no need for the telemetry device to repeatedly issue the autonomous registration - the telemetry server/HLR is aware of the location of the telemetry device and can issue a command to it at any time using the identity and location information it maintains for the telemetry device. The same is true for a mobile telemetry device, to a limited extent. For example, unless the mobile telemetry device moves (roams) to a new cellular service area, as defined by the telemetry device and associated mobile station detecting a new cellular system identification (SID), or a paging zone with the same SID, the telemetry device need not repeatedly issue autonomous registrations that unnecessarily burden the VLR.
In either the case of a stationary or mobile telemetry device, once the record in the VLR for the telerhetry device times out, is removed by the NLR or is otherwise no longer maintained, the storage space and processing capability of the VLR is made available to other devices in the domain of the VLR. In this manner, the VLR is not overwhelmed by the presence of large numbers of telemetry devices in its domain. Another advantage is reduced SS7 traffic and the associated cost.
With reference to Fig. 2, an embodiment 200 of the present invention is illustrated. A "registration switch" is provided, that is, a soft switch that enables and disables autonomous registration for the telemetry device. A register now command is provided to cause the telemetry device and associated cellular mobile radio transceiver to issue an autonomous registration. In one embodiment, these commands are serial port commands. The intent of the registration switch, and register now command is to turn the management of autonomous registrations over to the telemetry application whenever the registration switch has autonomous registrations disabled. This functionality can be provided entirely by the radio device. Under these conditions, the telemetry application causes autonomous registration 230 at power on 210 if, and only if, the SID broadcast by the base station for the serving MSC is different or has changed from the SID recognized by the telemetry device when it was powered off. (The SID is programmed into, or stored in, for example, nonvolatile memory in the telemetry device so that when the telemetry device is initially configured based on its home cellular service area, or, is powered down, the SID is maintained upon power up). While power is on, the telemetry application causes an autonomous registration if, and only if, the broadcast SID changes 230, as when the telemetry device moves (roams) to a new cellular service area. Since the telemetry devices do not periodically issue autonomous registrations thereafter, the entry in the appropriate table in the
VLR for the telemetry device may no longer be present when the telemetry device transmits information the telemetry server. Thus, the telemetry device optionally issues an autonomous registration 250 before each application specific data transmission 260, excluding retries if the transmission attempt failed. (It should be noted that the VLR associated with the serving MSC generally issues a REGNOT to the HLR if a transmission is attempted by a non registered MS in the VLR's domain. Having the device send a registration before transmission is a therefore a precaution.)
Additional scenarios in which autonomous registration is provided includes when power is on, and the broadcast REGID has an instantaneous jump, either plus or minus, greater than the broadcast REGLNfC. ,Note that if power is cycled on and off, a jump between the REGID at power off to REGID at power on that is greater than REGINC shall not be considered instantaneous for this purpose. Additionally, if power is supplied to the telemetry device, whenever the telemetry application requests registration over a serial port of the device, autonomous registration is proper.