WO2001024586A1 - Electroluminescent cell and analog to digital converter - Google Patents
Electroluminescent cell and analog to digital converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001024586A1 WO2001024586A1 PCT/CA2000/001106 CA0001106W WO0124586A1 WO 2001024586 A1 WO2001024586 A1 WO 2001024586A1 CA 0001106 W CA0001106 W CA 0001106W WO 0124586 A1 WO0124586 A1 WO 0124586A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- openings
- cell according
- electrode
- conversion
- electrodes
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
- G06V40/1318—Sensors therefor using electro-optical elements or layers, e.g. electroluminescent sensing
Definitions
- This invention relates to an electroluminescent cell and a method and apparatus for converting an analog image, such as that of a human fingerprint, into a digital image.
- Luminescence is the emission of light by sources other than a hot incandescent body.
- the incident energy causes the electrons of the atoms of the absorbing material to become excited by "jumping" from lower energy levels in the atom to higher energy levels.
- the electrons fall back to their original lower energy states, the energy is released and emitted by the atoms in the form of light (photons) .
- the energy absorbing material is luminiferous and the energy is electric energy which is applied to the luminiferous material by means of an alternating electric field.
- SU-942-684-B discloses an electroluminescent cell which can be used for generating an image of a relief object, such as a human fingerprint.
- the cell comprises a glass base, a transparent electrode, a semiconductor layer and a luminiferous layer.
- an alternating current is applied between the transparent electrode and a relief object (human finger) which then forms the second electrode.
- the valleys and ridges on the fingertip couple current to the electroluminescent cell at different magnitudes, causing the cell to generate light at different intensities corresponding with the valleys and the ridges. In this way, an image of the fingerprint is displayed through the glass base.
- an electroluminescent cell comprising a first electrode; a latticed second electrode; a luminiferous layer and a dielectric insulating layer interposed between the first and second electrodes, the first and second electrodes being for the application of an alternating electric field therebetween, wherein said latticed electrode comprises an electric conductive layer with a plurality of openings therein, and wherein the openings are arranged in adjacent rows which are electrically isolated from each other to form a plurality of separate second electrodes.
- the openings may be arranged in adjacent rows which are electrically isolated from each other to form a plurality of separate second electrodes.
- an electroluminescent conversion cell for converting an analog image of electrically conductive matter into a digital image, comprising a first electrode; a latticed second electrode comprising an electric conductive layer with a plurality of openings therein and wherein the openings are arranged in adjacent rows which are electrically isolated from each other to form a plurality of separate second electrodes; a luminiferous layer and a dielectric insulating layer interposed between the first electrode and the plurality second electrodes, the first electrode and the plurality of second electrodes being for the application of an alternating electric field therebetween; and means for sensing electromagnetic radiation emitted by the luminiferous layer responsive to the presence or absence of electrically conductive or partially electrically conductive matter across said openings and converting said electromagnetic radiation into digital information.
- the means for sensing and converting electromagnetic radiation into digital information may comprise first conversion means for converting electromagnetic energy into electrical energy values; and second conversion means for converting said electrical energy values into binary information.
- the first conversion means may comprise semiconductor devices which are switchable between the rows of openings.
- the semiconductor devices may comprise photodiodes .
- the second conversion means may comprise binary value allocation means which allocates a binary number to an electric energy value if said value is below a predetermined reference value and another binary number if said value is above said reference value.
- the electrically conductive matter may be living organic tissue, such as a human finger.
- the image may be a relief image, such an image of the valleys and ridges of a human finger.
- the first electrode may be translucent or transparent.
- the electromagnetic radiation may be light.
- an optical image multiplexer comprising a two- dimensional array of light receiving pixel elements, the pixel elements being arranged in adjacent rows; shutter means for individually exposing the rows of pixel elements to light; and an array of photodiodes for sequentially registering light received by the exposed rows of pixel elements .
- Figure 1 is a schematical illustration of an analog to digital converter cell according to one embodiment of the invention, showing both an exploded view and side view of the cell.
- Figure 2 is a plan view showing a portion of a lattice electrode of the cell of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a side view of the cell of Figure 1 showing a finger being applied to the cell.
- Figure 4 is a schematical illustration showing a digital output of the cell of Figure 1.
- Figure 5 is a schematical illustration of an analog to digital converter cell according to another embodiment of the invention, showing a side view of the cell .
- Figure 6 shows a number of successive linear snapshots of a fingerprint produced by the cell of Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is an illustration of a digital output of the cell of Figure 5.
- Figure 8 is a schematical illustration of another embodiment of an analog to digital converter cell showing both an exploded view and side view of the cell.
- Figure 9 is a plan view showing a portion of a lattice electrode of the cell of Figure 8.
- Figure 10 is a side view of the cell of Figure
- FIGS 11 to 13 are schematical illustrations of an optical image multiplexer in different stages of operation.
- Figures 14 to 16 are schematical illustrations of another optical image multiplexer in different stages of operation.
- Figures 17 to 19 are schematical illustrations of another optical image multiplexer in different stages of operation.
- Figures 20 to 22 are schematical illustrations of another optical image multiplexer in different stages of operation.
- an electroluminescent conversion cell 20 which comprises a transparent front electrode 22, a luminiferous layer 24, a dielectric insulating layer 26 and a latticed rear electrode 28.
- the transparent electrode 22 comprises a clear plastic support medium that has been sputtered with indium tin oxide (ITO) , which is a transparent electric conductor.
- the luminiferous layer 24 comprises a mixture of zinc sulphide doped with manganese suspended in a conductive liquid binder which is applied to the transparent electrode 22 by means of a conventional screen printing process.
- the dielectric layer 26 comprises a layer of barium titinate which is applied over the luminiferous layer 24.
- the latticed rear electrode 28 comprises a conductive lattice 30, having a multiplicity of small substantially circular or hexagonal algorithmically determined openings 32, as shown in more detail in Figure 2. However, it will be appreciated that any suitable shaped openings may be provided.
- An array of photodiodes 34 is provided below the lattice 30, a photodiode 34 being provided for and being matched with each opening 32.
- Each opening 32 may represent a "pixel" in the digital image.
- the latticed electrode 28 can be produced by any suitable method, e.g. by screen printing a conducting layer forming the lattice 30 on a transparent nonconducting support layer or by producing a perforated metal sheet by means of etching or a laser beam or by rf sputtering.
- the cell 60 also comprises a transparent front electrode 22, a luminiferous layer 24 and a dielectric layer 26, but it has a rear latticed electrode 62 comprising a lattice of one row of openings 32, i.e. a linear array of openings 32.
- a digital image of a fingerprint is formed by moving or pulling the finger across the electrode 62, as indicated by the arrow 64 in Figure 5.
- a linear snapshot across the finger is taken.
- successive snapshots along the length of the finger are taken. Five such successive snapshots are indicated as 66,68,70,72 and 74 in Figure 6.
- the cell 60 therefore, operates intermittently and the time interval between successive snapshots can be set as desired.
- the time interval may be adjustable.
- the number of successive linear snapshots can be set as desired. The number may be adjustable.
- Each linear snapshot is converted into a series of l's and O's as in the case of the cell 20 and a matrix 76 is produced, as shown in Figure 7.
- the matrix 76 has only five rows corresponding with the snapshots 68 to 74 of Figure 6. In practice, a much larger number of snapshots may be produced, depending on the accuracy required. In this way, a digital image is obtained using a single row of photodiodes 34.
- the electrode 62 comprises a linear array of 128 openings 32 with a 128x1 array of photodiodes associated therewith.
- the cell 62 further includes associated charge amplified circuitry and pixel data-hold function that provides simultaneous- integration start and stop times for all pixels.
- the conversion cells 20, 60 may be used for storing and matching fingerprints, such as for law enforcement purposes or for a biometric fingerprint system that can be incorporated into smart cards, credit cards, driver's licenses, passports, keyboards, gun control, automobile ignition systems, door lock systems, access control, internet commerce validation, ATM machines and bank transactions.
- the cells 20, 60 may be used for fingerprint matching.
- a reference fingerprint may be stored in memory in the form of a look-up table or matrix, such as the matrix 36. If desired, a plurality of different reference fingerprints may be contained in memory. Fingerprints to be matched with the reference fingerprint may then be converted to digital images through the cells 20, 60 and then compared with one or more of the reference finger prints by the use of suitable algorithms.
- the cell 80 also comprises a transparent front electrode 22, a luminiferous layer 24, a dielectric insulating layer 26, and a conductive lattice 30.
- the openings 32 (pixels) of the conductive lattice 30 are arranged in rows 35 which are electrically isolated from each other.
- Each row 35 now constitutes a separate rear electrode 28.
- the rows 35 are sequentially "switched on” or operated by applying an ac voltage between the front electrode 22 and each row 35 to generate a row of l's and O's for each row 35.
- a first row 35 is switched on providing an input for the photodiodes 34.
- the photodiodes 34 register the light as indicated by the arrows 37.
- the light is converted into digital image data which is stored in memory.
- the next row 35 is switched on or activated.
- the image information is again registered and stored in memory and then the next row 35 is switched on, as shown in Figure 13 and so on, until all the rows 35 have been operated.
- any suitable means may be employed to form a "light pipe" 39 for conducting the light, such as a plastic material with optical transmission properties. It will be noted that a number of separate light pipes 39 are provided, depending on the number of openings 32 (pixels) in a row 35.
- Figures 14 to 16 illustrate the embodiment where the pixels in adjacent rows are staggered. The same principles apply as above. First the photodiodes 34 register the light of the first row, as indicated by the arrows 37 in Figure 14. Then the light of the second row (only one pixel being shown) is registered, as indicated by the arrow 37 in Figure 15. Then the light of the third row is registered, as indicated by the arrows 37 in Figure 16.
- FIG. 17 to 19 another optical image multiplexer 100 is shown. It comprises an array of microlenses 102 etched on a microchip surface, the lenses 102 being arranged in rows 35. Corresponding lenses 102 in the different rows 35 are interconnected by light pipes 39, as indicated.
- a row of photodiodes 34 is provided, one photodiode 34 being provided for registering light conducted by each light pipe 39.
- Each row 35 is provided with a switchable light blocking device, such as a liquid crystal display shutter 41.
- the shutters 41 become opaque when a voltage is applied to them and are transparent when no voltage is applied.
- the shutters 41 are switched so that each row 35 is unblocked to receive light from an image (such as an image being photographed or recorded) .
- the rows 35 are unblocked in succession and the photodiodes 34 register the light as indicated by the arrows 37.
- the same sequential procedure is applied as in the case of Figures 11 to 13. In this way, only a single row of photodiodes 34 is required to register the image data provided by a multiplicity of rows 35.
- FIGS 20 to 22 illustrate an embodiment where the pixels in adjacent rows 35 are staggered.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Image Input (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU74000/00A AU7400000A (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2000-09-27 | Electroluminescent cell and analog to digital converter |
EP00962143A EP1224844A1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2000-09-27 | Electroluminescent cell and analog to digital converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US40770799A | 1999-09-28 | 1999-09-28 | |
US09/407,707 | 1999-09-28 | ||
US61585100A | 2000-07-14 | 2000-07-14 | |
US09/615,851 | 2000-07-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001024586A1 true WO2001024586A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
Family
ID=27019981
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2000/001106 WO2001024586A1 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2000-09-27 | Electroluminescent cell and analog to digital converter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1224844A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1402958A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7400000A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001024586A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6593437B1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2003-07-15 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Metal organic catalysts for polymerizing unsaturated compounds |
US7511423B2 (en) | 2005-02-05 | 2009-03-31 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Organic light emitting device (OLED) and white light emitting device |
WO2013061237A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Transparent oled device with structured cathode and method of producing such an oled device |
WO2020010057A1 (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-09 | AhuraTech LLC | Open-circuit electroluminescence |
US11393387B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2022-07-19 | AhuraTech LLC | Open-circuit electroluminescence |
US11460403B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2022-10-04 | AhuraTech LLC | Electroluminescent methods and devices for characterization of biological specimens |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106713537B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-07-26 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | A kind of fingerprint mould group and mobile terminal |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999012472A1 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-18 | Who? Vision Systems Inc. | Relief object image generator |
WO1999027485A2 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-03 | Who? Vision Systems Inc | Method and system for computer access and cursor control using a relief object image generator |
FR2773897A1 (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-23 | Sagem | Optical device for gathering digital fingerprint by direct contact with finger for identification and verification |
-
2000
- 2000-09-27 EP EP00962143A patent/EP1224844A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-27 CN CN00816339A patent/CN1402958A/en active Pending
- 2000-09-27 AU AU74000/00A patent/AU7400000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-27 WO PCT/CA2000/001106 patent/WO2001024586A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999012472A1 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-18 | Who? Vision Systems Inc. | Relief object image generator |
WO1999027485A2 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-03 | Who? Vision Systems Inc | Method and system for computer access and cursor control using a relief object image generator |
FR2773897A1 (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-23 | Sagem | Optical device for gathering digital fingerprint by direct contact with finger for identification and verification |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6593437B1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2003-07-15 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Metal organic catalysts for polymerizing unsaturated compounds |
US7511423B2 (en) | 2005-02-05 | 2009-03-31 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Organic light emitting device (OLED) and white light emitting device |
WO2013061237A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Transparent oled device with structured cathode and method of producing such an oled device |
US9985239B2 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2018-05-29 | Koninklike Philips N.V. | OLED device and method of producing an OLED device |
WO2020010057A1 (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-09 | AhuraTech LLC | Open-circuit electroluminescence |
US11393387B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2022-07-19 | AhuraTech LLC | Open-circuit electroluminescence |
US11428656B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2022-08-30 | AhuraTech LLC | Electroluminescent methods and system for real-time measurements of physical properties |
US11460403B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2022-10-04 | AhuraTech LLC | Electroluminescent methods and devices for characterization of biological specimens |
US11892404B2 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2024-02-06 | AhuraTech LLC | Electroluminescent methods and devices for characterization of biological specimens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1402958A (en) | 2003-03-12 |
AU7400000A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
EP1224844A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
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