WO1999058795A1 - Tap sensitive keypad assembly - Google Patents
Tap sensitive keypad assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999058795A1 WO1999058795A1 PCT/GB1999/001477 GB9901477W WO9958795A1 WO 1999058795 A1 WO1999058795 A1 WO 1999058795A1 GB 9901477 W GB9901477 W GB 9901477W WO 9958795 A1 WO9958795 A1 WO 9958795A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- keypad assembly
- sensor
- sensitive keypad
- glass panel
- tap sensitive
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00658—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys
- G07C9/00674—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys with switch-buttons
- G07C9/0069—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys with switch-buttons actuated in a predetermined sequence
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to glass panels and, more particularly, to a tap sensitive keypad assembly incorporating a glass panel.
- the present invention is a tap sensitive keypad assembly for activating a mechanism.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly includes a glass panel, a keypad mounted on the glass panel and a vibration responsive sensor mounted behind the keypad and responsive to a vibration type signal on the glass panel and providing an electrical signal in response to the vibration type signal to activate a mechanism.
- a tap sensitive keypad assembly is provided which incorporates a glass panel for automotive vehicle and architectural glass applications.
- a keypad in the configuration of keys, security bar code, item logo, etc. can be printed onto the outer or inner glass surface with a sensor mounted behind, on the glass inner surface, which would allow the activation of a mechanism such as a latch mechanism for a door of a motor vehicle.
- the keypad and glass configuration eliminates keypads in vehicle body panels.
- a further advantage of the present invention is that production of the motor vehicle is simplified.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tap sensitive keypad assembly, according to the present invention, illustrated in operational relationship with a motor vehicle;
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view of the tap sensitive keypad assembly of FIG. 1 illustrated in operational relationship with a door of the motor vehicle of FIG. 1; and
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the tap sensitive keypad assembly of FIG. 1.
- a tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 is illustrated in operational relationship with a motor vehicle such as an automotive vehicle, generally indicated at 12.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be used to provide an electrical input to activate a mechanism on a door 16 of the motor vehicle 12 as will be disclosed. It should be appreciated that the door 16 is conventional and known in the art.
- the door 16 includes a housing 18 formed by inner and outer door panels joined together and a moveable glass panel 20 which moves or slides within the housing 18.
- the door 16 may be constructed such that an edge of the glass panel 20 is exposed on the vehicle exterior by eliminating an exterior portion of a window frame (not shown) for the glass panel 20 to allow a more flush fit between glass and body sheet metal (i.e., "hard top” look) .
- the door 16 also includes a window mechanism (not shown) for moving the glass panel 20 up and - 3 -
- the glass panel 20 may be stationary or fixed relative to the housing 18. It should further be appreciated that the glass panel 20 could be located on the housing 18, for example, at the door lock.
- the door 16 includes a latch mechanism 22 to lock and unlock the door 16.
- the latch mechanism 22 is conventional and known in the art.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 is used for operating or controlling the latch mechanism 22.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 includes the glass panel 20 and a keypad 24 mounted on the glass panel 20 by suitable means such as an adhesive.
- a keypad template is etched or printed on an outer surface or inner surface of the glass panel 20 by conventional methods.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 includes a sensor 25 applied to a back or inner surface of the glass panel 20.
- the sensor 25 is vibration sensitive and gives off electrical voltage pulses or signals when a vibration type signal is sent through the thickness of the glass panel 20 to the sensor 25, for example, when an operator taps the outer surface of the glass panel 20.
- the senor 25 is of a piezoelectric type.
- the sensor 25 may be of a capacitance type. It should be appreciated that such sensors 25 are conventional.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be located at any desired location on the motor vehicle 12. It should further be appreciated that the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may incorporate a panel made of glass, plastic, metal or any other desired suitable medium.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may include a lighting mechanism 25a and/or sensory feedback mechanism 25b to illuminate the keypad 24 and/or to provide sensory feedback when the sensor 25 is activated. Lighting may be accomplished by suitable means, for example, such as using a transparent piezoelectric sensor 25 which is illuminated from the rear by a lighting mechanism 25a such as LEDs, - 4 -
- an electroluminescent sheet is applied directly to the inner surface of the glass panel 20.
- the sensor 25 is then adhered to the back side of the electroluminescent sheet.
- the sensory mechanism 25b may be an electronic mechanism providing a buzzer, chime, beep or a flashing of the illuminated keypad 24 as a code is entered.
- a transparent piezoelectric sensor 25 is illuminated or backlit from vehicle interior lighting. It should be appreciated that the sensor 25, lighting mechanism 25a and sensory feedback mechanism 25b are protected from the elements of weather and are never in contact with a person' s or operator' s finger when activated.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 also includes a discriminator circuit 26 electrically connected by suitable means such as wires 28 to sensor 25, lighting mechanism 25a and sensory feedback mechanism 25b.
- the discriminator circuit 26 is fixedly mounted inside the housing 18 of the door 16 or to other vehicle structure such as a body panels, window mechanism, etc., by suitable means such as fasteners (not shown) .
- the sensor 25 supplies electrical power or signals to the discriminator circuit 26 which converts the signals to useable electronic input signals to interface with switching logic. It should be appreciated that conventional discriminator circuits could be used.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 further includes a logic circuit or module 30 electrically connected by suitable means such as wires 32 to the discriminator circuit 26 and to the latch mechanism 22.
- the logic circuit 30 interfaces with the discriminator circuit 26 and the latch mechanism 22 to provide switching logic and output an electrical signal such as an ON/OFF signal to activate the latch mechanism 22 to lock and unlock the door 16.
- a logic circuit or module 30 electrically connected by suitable means such as wires 32 to the discriminator circuit 26 and to the latch mechanism 22.
- the logic circuit 30 interfaces with the discriminator circuit 26 and the latch mechanism 22 to provide switching logic and output an electrical signal such as an ON/OFF signal to activate the latch mechanism 22 to lock and unlock the door 16.
- mechanism 22 may be a locking mechanism of a vehicle trunk, etc.
- the keypad 24 is mounted on an outer surface or inner surface of the glass panel 20.
- the sensor 25, lighting mechanism 25a, and/or sensory feedback mechanism 25b are mounted on an inner surface of the glass panel 20.
- the discriminator circuit 26 and logic circuit 30 are disposed within and secured to the housing 18 of the door 16.
- An activation signal is generated by a "tap" on the outer surface of the glass panel 20 by an operator's finger and is followed by a vibration type signal through the glass panel 20 to the sensor 25.
- the sensor 25 sends an electrical signal to the discriminator circuit 26 which is transformed into a useable signal to input to the logic circuit 30.
- the logic circuit 30 produces a switching signal to activate the latch mechanism 22 to lock or unlock the door 16.
- the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be used for other mechanisms such as lights, doors, alarms, etc. of the motor vehicle 12. It should further be appreciated that the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be used on architectural glass panels to activate lighting on other mechanisms.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
Abstract
A tap sensitive keypad assembly (24) for activating a mechanism (22) such as a door latch mechanism includes a glass panel (20), a keypad mounted on the glass panel and a vibration responsive sensor (25) mounted behind the keypad and responsive to a vibration type signal on the glass panel and providing an electrical signal in response to the vibration type signal to activate the mechanism.
Description
- 1 -
TAP SENSITIVE KEYPAD ASSEMBLY
The present invention relates generally to glass panels and, more particularly, to a tap sensitive keypad assembly incorporating a glass panel.
It is known to provide a "soft" touch keypad on an outer surface of a door for a motor vehicle such as an automotive vehicle. Typically, these keypads, when touched by an operator in a predetermined sequence, lock and unlock the door via a latch mechanism. Although these keypads have worked well, they suffer from the disadvantage that they must be attached to or mounted in sheet metal surfaces such as a door, etc. They also suffer from the disadvantage that they are relatively complex to assemble, particularly in vehicle production. Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide a keypad to be integrated with a glass panel.
Accordingly, the present invention is a tap sensitive keypad assembly for activating a mechanism. The tap sensitive keypad assembly includes a glass panel, a keypad mounted on the glass panel and a vibration responsive sensor mounted behind the keypad and responsive to a vibration type signal on the glass panel and providing an electrical signal in response to the vibration type signal to activate a mechanism. One advantage of the present invention is that a tap sensitive keypad assembly is provided which incorporates a glass panel for automotive vehicle and architectural glass applications. Another advantage of the present invention is that a keypad in the configuration of keys, security bar code, item logo, etc. can be printed onto the outer or inner glass surface with a sensor mounted behind, on the glass inner surface, which would allow the activation of a mechanism such as a latch mechanism for a door of a motor vehicle. Yet another advantage of the present invention is that the keypad and glass configuration eliminates keypads in vehicle body panels. Still another advantage of the present invention is that the keypad and glass configuration
- 2 -
when integrated eliminates switches which must be attached to sheet metal surfaces such as panels of doors for motor vehicles. A further advantage of the present invention is that production of the motor vehicle is simplified.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tap sensitive keypad assembly, according to the present invention, illustrated in operational relationship with a motor vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view of the tap sensitive keypad assembly of FIG. 1 illustrated in operational relationship with a door of the motor vehicle of FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the tap sensitive keypad assembly of FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1, one embodiment of a tap sensitive keypad assembly 10, according to the present invention, is illustrated in operational relationship with a motor vehicle such as an automotive vehicle, generally indicated at 12. The tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be used to provide an electrical input to activate a mechanism on a door 16 of the motor vehicle 12 as will be disclosed. It should be appreciated that the door 16 is conventional and known in the art.
Referring to FIG. 2, the door 16 includes a housing 18 formed by inner and outer door panels joined together and a moveable glass panel 20 which moves or slides within the housing 18. Alternatively, the door 16 may be constructed such that an edge of the glass panel 20 is exposed on the vehicle exterior by eliminating an exterior portion of a window frame (not shown) for the glass panel 20 to allow a more flush fit between glass and body sheet metal (i.e., "hard top" look) . The door 16 also includes a window mechanism (not shown) for moving the glass panel 20 up and
- 3 -
down relative to the housing 18. It should be appreciated that the glass panel 20 may be stationary or fixed relative to the housing 18. It should further be appreciated that the glass panel 20 could be located on the housing 18, for example, at the door lock.
The door 16 includes a latch mechanism 22 to lock and unlock the door 16. The latch mechanism 22 is conventional and known in the art. It should be appreciated that the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 is used for operating or controlling the latch mechanism 22. The tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 includes the glass panel 20 and a keypad 24 mounted on the glass panel 20 by suitable means such as an adhesive. For example, a keypad template is etched or printed on an outer surface or inner surface of the glass panel 20 by conventional methods. The tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 includes a sensor 25 applied to a back or inner surface of the glass panel 20. The sensor 25 is vibration sensitive and gives off electrical voltage pulses or signals when a vibration type signal is sent through the thickness of the glass panel 20 to the sensor 25, for example, when an operator taps the outer surface of the glass panel 20. Preferably, the sensor 25 is of a piezoelectric type. However, the sensor 25 may be of a capacitance type. It should be appreciated that such sensors 25 are conventional. It should also be appreciated that the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be located at any desired location on the motor vehicle 12. It should further be appreciated that the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may incorporate a panel made of glass, plastic, metal or any other desired suitable medium.
The tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may include a lighting mechanism 25a and/or sensory feedback mechanism 25b to illuminate the keypad 24 and/or to provide sensory feedback when the sensor 25 is activated. Lighting may be accomplished by suitable means, for example, such as using a transparent piezoelectric sensor 25 which is illuminated from the rear by a lighting mechanism 25a such as LEDs,
- 4 -
electroluminescence, incandescent light bulbs, etc. In another embodiment of the lighting mechanism 25a, an electroluminescent sheet is applied directly to the inner surface of the glass panel 20. The sensor 25 is then adhered to the back side of the electroluminescent sheet. The sensory mechanism 25b may be an electronic mechanism providing a buzzer, chime, beep or a flashing of the illuminated keypad 24 as a code is entered. In yet another embodiment of the lighting mechanism 25a, a transparent piezoelectric sensor 25 is illuminated or backlit from vehicle interior lighting. It should be appreciated that the sensor 25, lighting mechanism 25a and sensory feedback mechanism 25b are protected from the elements of weather and are never in contact with a person' s or operator' s finger when activated.
The tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 also includes a discriminator circuit 26 electrically connected by suitable means such as wires 28 to sensor 25, lighting mechanism 25a and sensory feedback mechanism 25b. The discriminator circuit 26 is fixedly mounted inside the housing 18 of the door 16 or to other vehicle structure such as a body panels, window mechanism, etc., by suitable means such as fasteners (not shown) . The sensor 25 supplies electrical power or signals to the discriminator circuit 26 which converts the signals to useable electronic input signals to interface with switching logic. It should be appreciated that conventional discriminator circuits could be used.
The tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 further includes a logic circuit or module 30 electrically connected by suitable means such as wires 32 to the discriminator circuit 26 and to the latch mechanism 22. The logic circuit 30 interfaces with the discriminator circuit 26 and the latch mechanism 22 to provide switching logic and output an electrical signal such as an ON/OFF signal to activate the latch mechanism 22 to lock and unlock the door 16. It should be appreciated that conventional logic circuits could
be used. It should also be appreciated that mechanism 22 may be a locking mechanism of a vehicle trunk, etc.
In operation, the keypad 24 is mounted on an outer surface or inner surface of the glass panel 20. The sensor 25, lighting mechanism 25a, and/or sensory feedback mechanism 25b are mounted on an inner surface of the glass panel 20. The discriminator circuit 26 and logic circuit 30 are disposed within and secured to the housing 18 of the door 16. An activation signal is generated by a "tap" on the outer surface of the glass panel 20 by an operator's finger and is followed by a vibration type signal through the glass panel 20 to the sensor 25. The sensor 25 sends an electrical signal to the discriminator circuit 26 which is transformed into a useable signal to input to the logic circuit 30. The logic circuit 30 produces a switching signal to activate the latch mechanism 22 to lock or unlock the door 16. It should be appreciated that the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be used for other mechanisms such as lights, doors, alarms, etc. of the motor vehicle 12. It should further be appreciated that the tap sensitive keypad assembly 10 may be used on architectural glass panels to activate lighting on other mechanisms.
The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner. It is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the present invention may be practised other than as specifically described.
Claims
1. A tap sensitive keypad assembly (10) for activating a mechanism comprising: a glass panel (20); a keypad (24) mounted on said glass panel (20); and a vibration responsive sensor (25) mounted behind said keypad (24) and responsive to a vibration type signal on said glass panel (20) and providing an electrical signal in response to the vibration type signal to activate a mechanism.
2. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in claim 1, including a discriminator circuit (26) electrically connected to said sensor (25) for conditioning the electrical signal.
3. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in claim 2, including a logic circuit (30) electrically connected to said discriminator circuit (26) for providing a switching signal to activate the mechanism in response to the conditioned electrical signal.
4. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said vibration responsive sensor (25) is of a piezoelectric type.
5. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said vibration responsive sensor (25) is of a capacitance type.
6. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said keypad (24) is mounted on either one of an outer surface or inner surface of said glass panel (20) and said sensor (25) is mounted on an inner surface of said glass panel (20) . - 7 -
7. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a lighting mechanism (25a) disposed behind said sensor (25) to illuminate said keypad (24) when said sensor (25) is activated.
8. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a sensory feedback mechanism (25b) to provide sensory feedback when said sensor
(25) is activated.
9. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including an electroluminescent sheet applied directly to an inner surface of said glass panel (20) and said sensor (25) being adhered to a back side of said electroluminescent sheet.
10. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mechanism is a latch mechanism (22) for a vehicle door (16).
11. A tap sensitive keypad assembly (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said vibration responsive sensor (25) is of a piezoelectric type.
12. A tap sensitive keypad assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said vibration responsive sensor (25) is of a capacitance type.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7873798A | 1998-05-14 | 1998-05-14 | |
| US09/078,737 | 1998-05-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999058795A1 true WO1999058795A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
Family
ID=22145922
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1999/001477 WO1999058795A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 | 1999-05-11 | Tap sensitive keypad assembly |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1999058795A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1636683A2 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2006-03-22 | Schott Corporation | Touch control assembly |
| DE102007002257A1 (en) | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-17 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | Window pane e.g. front pane, arrangement for motor vehicle, has device that detects exact position of mechanical influences on one of sensors at any position of pressure sensitive section, during occurrence of influences |
| WO2008113978A1 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Interactive vehicle glazing |
| US7567183B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2009-07-28 | Exatec Llc | Printable sensors for plastic glazing |
| JP2009527419A (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-07-30 | エクスアテック、エル．エル．シー． | Printable controls for window assemblies |
| US7852199B2 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2010-12-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Security configuration with an inductively coupled touch sensitive keypad in or on a window pane and motor vehicle with the security configuration |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4197524A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-04-08 | General Electric Company | Tap-actuated lock and method of actuating the lock |
| EP0162132A2 (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-11-27 | Essex-Tec Corporation | Keyless access control and security system |
| US5441416A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-08-15 | Ford Motor Company | Telescoping electrical connector |
| JPH109944A (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Vibration sensor |
-
1999
- 1999-05-11 WO PCT/GB1999/001477 patent/WO1999058795A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4197524A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-04-08 | General Electric Company | Tap-actuated lock and method of actuating the lock |
| EP0162132A2 (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-11-27 | Essex-Tec Corporation | Keyless access control and security system |
| US5441416A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1995-08-15 | Ford Motor Company | Telescoping electrical connector |
| JPH109944A (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Vibration sensor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 098, no. 005 30 April 1998 (1998-04-30) * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1636683A2 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2006-03-22 | Schott Corporation | Touch control assembly |
| EP1636683A4 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2007-08-22 | Schott Corp | Touch control assembly |
| US7567183B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2009-07-28 | Exatec Llc | Printable sensors for plastic glazing |
| JP2009527419A (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-07-30 | エクスアテック、エル．エル．シー． | Printable controls for window assemblies |
| EP1994797B1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2010-07-21 | Exatec, LLC. | Printable controls for a window assembly |
| US7852199B2 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2010-12-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Security configuration with an inductively coupled touch sensitive keypad in or on a window pane and motor vehicle with the security configuration |
| DE102007002257A1 (en) | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-17 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | Window pane e.g. front pane, arrangement for motor vehicle, has device that detects exact position of mechanical influences on one of sensors at any position of pressure sensitive section, during occurrence of influences |
| WO2008113978A1 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Interactive vehicle glazing |
| JP2014221635A (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2014-11-27 | ピルキントン グループ リミテッド | Interaction vehicle grazing |
| US8924076B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2014-12-30 | Pilkington Group Limited | Interactive vehicle glazing |
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