WO1999049556A1 - Converter of mechanical energy into electric energy and apparatus equipped with same - Google Patents

Converter of mechanical energy into electric energy and apparatus equipped with same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999049556A1
WO1999049556A1 PCT/CH1998/000401 CH9800401W WO9949556A1 WO 1999049556 A1 WO1999049556 A1 WO 1999049556A1 CH 9800401 W CH9800401 W CH 9800401W WO 9949556 A1 WO9949556 A1 WO 9949556A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic circuit
circuit
converter according
converter
fixed magnetic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1998/000401
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mai Xuan Tu
Michel Schwab
Original Assignee
Detra S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Detra S.A. filed Critical Detra S.A.
Priority to AU90596/98A priority Critical patent/AU9059698A/en
Publication of WO1999049556A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999049556A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/06—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving flux distributors, and both coil systems and magnets stationary

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy, as described in the preamble of claim 1, as well as an electronic device, in particular a watch, provided with such an energy converter.
  • Portable electronic devices in particular watches fitted with an electronic circuit, generally use batteries or accumulators as a source of energy.
  • These electrochemical energy sources have a limited lifespan and must therefore be exchanged or recharged periodically. In some countries, such an exchange or recharging can cause problems. On the other hand, these elements may present risks of leakage of the electrolyte, risking damage to the associated electronic circuit or other components.
  • the problem of the space available for such a device is paramount.
  • the device must be of minimum bulk, in particular in thickness.
  • the energy conversion efficiency must be optimized and the losses due to both the mechanical portion and the electrical portion of the device must be minimized.
  • Application EP-A-0.665.478 describes an electronic watch comprising a toothed wheel (4) secured to an oscillating mass (8).
  • the toothed wheel drives several rotors placed on the periphery of the watch.
  • Application WO89 / 06833 describes an electronic watch comprising an oscillating mass coupled to a rotor of a generator through a speed multiplier gear.
  • the two devices described above have in common the disadvantage of having a gear train of speed multiplier of very great report, which involves an increase in overall dimensions as well as energy losses by friction.
  • US-A-5,149,996 describes an electromechanical converter device, but constructed in such a way that it can be used as a mechanical-electric converter.
  • the coil completely surrounds a large portion of the fixed and mobile magnetic circuits, making the average length of each turn relatively large. Given the large number of turns required to obtain sufficient voltage, the internal resistance of the coil is high, thus creating significant electrical losses.
  • a coaxial structure thus designed has a thickness that is too great for the desired purpose.
  • US-A-3,480,808 describe devices comprising in particular a mobile magnetic circuit made up of one or more magnets mounted on a leaf spring.
  • This system overcomes part of the aforementioned drawbacks by eliminating the need for multiplier gears.
  • the use of mobile magnets poses new problems. Magnets with a large energy product are generally made of sintered material, so they are quite fragile and difficult to attach to a leaf spring.
  • to obtain a large flux in the magnetic circuit it is necessary to have one or more magnets of relatively large mass. This large mass decreases the frequency of vibration of the mobile mass all the more, for a given leaf spring, which leads to a reduction in the induced voltage, the latter being proportional to the frequency.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy not comprising the drawbacks of known devices, that is to say of minimum bulk, in particular in thickness, and whose yield is optimized.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy capable of temporarily supplying a circuit with electrical energy.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy capable of continuously supplying a circuit with electrical energy.
  • a final object of the invention is to propose an electronic device, in particular a watch, provided with such a converter.
  • the second goal mentioned is obtained by a converter responding to claim 4, while the third goal is obtained by a converter responding to claim 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a converter according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a converter according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of an electrical supply circuit of an apparatus or a watch provided with a converter according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy 1, comprising a fixed magnetic circuit 2 and a mobile magnetic circuit 3 mounted on a mechanical energy transmission means 4.
  • the fixed magnetic circuit 2 here consists of a coil 20, wound around a core 21, the two ends of the core 21 each being connected to a pole piece 22, respectively 23, thus forming an element essentially of curved shape, two permanent magnets 24, 25 being each fixed on a free end of pole piece 22, 23.
  • the two magnets are fixed in flow opposition, as shown diagrammatically by the arrows in the figure, so that the faces of the two magnets face each other have the same polarity.
  • These two opposite faces are connected by an intermediate piece 26, so as to close the fixed magnetic circuit 2.
  • the core 21, the pole pieces 22 and 23 as well as the intermediate piece 26 are preferably made of soft ferromagnetic material.
  • the parts mentioned making up the magnetic circuit 2 are essentially of small thickness relative to their other dimensions.
  • the mechanical energy transmission means 4 consists of a spring blade 40, one end of which is fixed to a fixed portion of the device carrying the device, for example a portion of chassis, plate or case, l other end of the spring leaf 40 carrying the movable magnetic circuit 3, constituted here by a piece of ferromagnetic material 30, arranged here on an outside side of the portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 comprising the two magnets 24 and 25 as well as the intermediate piece 26, a small air gap ⁇ remaining between the opposite faces of said portion of fixed magnetic circuit 2 and the part 30.
  • the value of the air gap ⁇ is sufficient to avoid the friction of the two parts against each other, while being as low as possible in order to increase the yield of the device.
  • the thickness of the part 30 is comparable to that of the mentioned elements which face it.
  • An actuating means shown here by the pusher 42, acting on the blade spring 40 or on part 30, is capable, from the equilibrium position shown in solid lines in the figure, of moving the entire spring 40 / part 33 system towards position A represented in broken lines, then following a abrupt release to oscillate the part 30 representing the mobile magnetic circuit 3 between positions A and B.
  • the mobile magnetic circuit 3 When the mobile magnetic circuit 3, respectively the part 30 is in its equilibrium position, it is in a symmetrical position relative to the two magnets 24 and 25. As a result, no flux crosses the coil core 21 and no voltage induced does not appear at the terminals of the coil 20.
  • the magnets 24 and 25 are successively at least partially short-circuited, thus creating a flux variation in the magnetic circuit fixed 2, respectively in the coil core 21, which creates an induced voltage across the coil 20 of value proportional to the frequency of oscillation of the mobile magnetic circuit.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a converter according to the invention in which the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillates inside a space provided in the fixed magnetic circuit 2 opposite the portion of said circuit carrying the two magnets 24 and 25 and the intermediate piece 26.
  • the attachment point 41 of the end of the leaf spring 40 can in this case be arranged on a portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2.
  • the coil 20 is arranged asymmetrically on the fixed magnetic circuit, itself being essentially circular in shape.
  • the two embodiments described mention a portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 composed of the core 21 and the two pole pieces 22 and 23; it is obviously possible that this portion of the circuit is made in a single piece of soft ferromagnetic material carrying the winding 20, the two permanent magnets 24 and 25 being fixed at the two ends of said part.
  • the two embodiments show a fixed magnetic circuit 2 of essentially quadrangular shape or of circular shape; it should be understood here that the form of said circuit is unimportant, provided that the circuit is closed on itself.
  • the general shape of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 can therefore be adapted to requirements or to the space available in the device to be supplied.
  • the mobile magnetic circuit 3 could oscillate not on an external or internal side of the portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 comprising the two magnets 24 and 26 as well as the intermediate piece 26 but directly au- above or below this portion of the fixed magnetic circuit, either in a plane parallel to the plane of said portion, an air gap ⁇ separating these two planes.
  • the different embodiments and variants described above show an oscillation displacement of the mobile magnetic circuit 3 according to a portion of an arc of a circle.
  • the part 30 of the mobile magnetic circuit 3 could just as easily be maintained differently than described by the spring means, the oscillation taking place along a different path than that described.
  • the mobile magnetic circuit 3 could be maintained by two tension springs fixed on two opposite faces of said part, the two springs being aligned and parallel to the flux generated by the permanent magnets in the fixed magnetic circuit.
  • the mobile magnetic circuit 3 could therefore be set in oscillation, as previously in the immediate vicinity of the portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 comprising the two permanent magnets and the intermediate piece.
  • the actuating means capable of making the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillate between positions A and B is represented in the two figures 1 and 2 by a pusher 42 giving an impulse so as to make the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillate for a certain time .
  • a means of actuation by a pulse can for example be used for the electrical supply of a temporary function, for example a dial illumination of a watch with mechanical movement.
  • a push button arranged for example on an outer periphery of the watch case actuates the push button 42 to give an impulse to the system so as to supply the lighting of the dial for a time sufficient for reading.
  • the actuating means can for example consist of a rotating toothed wheel regularly giving pulses enabling the oscillation of the mobile magnetic circuit 3 to be maintained.
  • the voltage induced in the coil 20 depends in particular on the frequency of variation of the flux in the fixed magnetic circuit, consequently on the oscillation frequency of the mobile magnetic circuit 3.
  • the mass of the part 30 as well as the length and the elastic characteristics of the leaf spring 40 are therefore chosen so that the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillates at the desired frequency.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an electrical supply circuit of an electronic device, for example a watch, using a converter according to the invention.
  • the converter 1, of one or other of the types described above is driven to oscillate by an actuating means 42, for example a toothed wheel, itself driven by a source of mechanical energy 43, for example a spring.
  • the voltage across the coil of the converter 1 is rectified by a rectifier circuit 44 to be stored in a storage means, for example a capacitor 45, before being delivered to the user, for example an integrated circuit 46.
  • a storage means for example a capacitor 45
  • the energy converter described is therefore extremely small in size, in particular due to the flat construction described, it occupies very little space in thickness. It can therefore easily be integrated into a miniature electronic device such as a watch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a converter of mechanical energy into electric energy comprising a fixed magnetic circuit (2) and a mobile magnetic circuit (3) mounted on spring means (40). When the mobile magnetic circuit (3) is made to oscillate, an electric voltage is induced at the fixed magnetic circuit coil terminals (20). Said converter is useful for powering electronic appliances, in particular watches.

Description

Convertisseur d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique et appareil électronique muni d'un tel convertisseur Mechanical energy to electrical energy converter and electronic device provided with such a converter
La présente invention concerne un convertisseur d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique, tel que décrit dans le préambule de la revendication 1 , ainsi qu'un appareil électronique, notamment une montre, muni d'un tel convertisseur d'énergie.The present invention relates to a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy, as described in the preamble of claim 1, as well as an electronic device, in particular a watch, provided with such an energy converter.
Les appareils électroniques portables, notamment les montres munies d'un circuit électronique, utilisent généralement des piles ou des accumulateurs comme source d'énergie. Ces sources d'énergie électrochimiques ont une durée de vie limitée et doivent donc périodiquement être échangées ou rechargées. Dans certains pays, un tel échange ou une recharge peut poser des problèmes. D'autre part, ces éléments peuvent présenter des risques de fuite de l'électrolyte risquant d'endommager le circuit électronique associé ou d'autres composants.Portable electronic devices, in particular watches fitted with an electronic circuit, generally use batteries or accumulators as a source of energy. These electrochemical energy sources have a limited lifespan and must therefore be exchanged or recharged periodically. In some countries, such an exchange or recharging can cause problems. On the other hand, these elements may present risks of leakage of the electrolyte, risking damage to the associated electronic circuit or other components.
Lorsque la consommation d'énergie électrique n'est pas trop élevée, comme c'est le cas des appareils électroniques modernes, notamment des montres, il peut être intéressant de remplacer ces sources électrochimiques par une source d'énergie mécanique suivie d'un convertisseur apte à transformer l'énergie mécanique produite en énergie électrique utilisable pour l'alimentation de l'appareil.When the consumption of electrical energy is not too high, as is the case with modern electronic devices, in particular watches, it may be advantageous to replace these electrochemical sources with a mechanical energy source followed by a converter. able to transform the mechanical energy produced into electrical energy which can be used to power the device.
Dans un appareil électronique miniature ou dans une montre, le problème de la place disponible pour un tel dispositif est primordial. Le dispositif doit être d'encombrement minimum, notamment en épaisseur. D'autre part, le rendement de conversion d'énergie doit être optimisé et les pertes dues tant à la portion mécanique qu'à la portion électrique du dispositif doivent être minimisées.In a miniature electronic device or in a watch, the problem of the space available for such a device is paramount. The device must be of minimum bulk, in particular in thickness. On the other hand, the energy conversion efficiency must be optimized and the losses due to both the mechanical portion and the electrical portion of the device must be minimized.
Des convertisseurs d'énergie mécano-électriques sont connus. La demande EP-A-0.665.478 décrit une montre électronique comportant une roue dentée (4) solidaire d'une masse oscillante (8). La roue dentée entraîne plusieurs rotors placés à la périphérie de la montre. La demande WO89/06833 décrit une montre électronique comportant une masse oscillante couplée à un rotor d'une génératrice au travers d'un engrenage multiplicateur de vitesse. Les deux dispositifs décrits ci-dessus présentent en commun l'inconvénient de posséder un train d'engrenage multiplicateur de vitesse de très grand rapport, ce qui entraîne une augmentation d'encombrement ainsi que des pertes d'énergie par frottements.Mechano-electric energy converters are known. Application EP-A-0.665.478 describes an electronic watch comprising a toothed wheel (4) secured to an oscillating mass (8). The toothed wheel drives several rotors placed on the periphery of the watch. Application WO89 / 06833 describes an electronic watch comprising an oscillating mass coupled to a rotor of a generator through a speed multiplier gear. The two devices described above have in common the disadvantage of having a gear train of speed multiplier of very great report, which involves an increase in overall dimensions as well as energy losses by friction.
US-A-5.149.996 décrit un dispositif convertisseur électromécanique, mais constitué de telle sorte qu'il peut être utilisé comme convertisseur mécano-électrique. Dans ce cas, la bobine entoure complètement une portion importante des circuits magnétiques fixes et mobiles, faisant que la longueur moyenne de chaque spire est relativement importante. Vu le grand nombre de spires nécessaires pour obtenir une tension suffisante, la résistance interne de la bobine est élevée, créant ainsi des pertes électriques importantes. D'autre part une structure coaxiale ainsi conçue a une épaisseur trop importante pour le but recherché.US-A-5,149,996 describes an electromechanical converter device, but constructed in such a way that it can be used as a mechanical-electric converter. In this case, the coil completely surrounds a large portion of the fixed and mobile magnetic circuits, making the average length of each turn relatively large. Given the large number of turns required to obtain sufficient voltage, the internal resistance of the coil is high, thus creating significant electrical losses. On the other hand, a coaxial structure thus designed has a thickness that is too great for the desired purpose.
D'autres documents, par exemple DE-A-196 20 880, DE-U-296 18 105, etOther documents, for example DE-A-196 20 880, DE-U-296 18 105, and
US-A-3.480.808, décrivent des dispositifs comprenant notamment un circuit magnétique mobile constitué d'un ou plusieurs aimants montés sur une lame ressort. Ce système permet de résoudre une partie des inconvénients précités en supprimant la nécessité d'avoir des engrenages multiplicateurs. Par contre, l'utilisation d'aimants mobiles pose de nouveaux problèmes. Les aimants à grand produit d'énergie sont généralement constitués en matériau fritte, ils sont donc assez fragiles et difficiles à fixer à une lame ressort. D'autre part, pour obtenir un flux important dans le circuit magnétique, il est nécessaire d'avoir un ou plusieurs aimants de masse relativement importante. Cette masse important diminue d'autant la fréquence de vibration de la masse mobile, pour une lame ressort donnée, ce qui conduit à une diminution de la tension induite, celle-ci étant proportionnelle à la fréquence.US-A-3,480,808, describe devices comprising in particular a mobile magnetic circuit made up of one or more magnets mounted on a leaf spring. This system overcomes part of the aforementioned drawbacks by eliminating the need for multiplier gears. On the other hand, the use of mobile magnets poses new problems. Magnets with a large energy product are generally made of sintered material, so they are quite fragile and difficult to attach to a leaf spring. On the other hand, to obtain a large flux in the magnetic circuit, it is necessary to have one or more magnets of relatively large mass. This large mass decreases the frequency of vibration of the mobile mass all the more, for a given leaf spring, which leads to a reduction in the induced voltage, the latter being proportional to the frequency.
Un premier but de l'invention est de proposer un convertisseur d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique ne comportant pas les inconvénients des dispositifs connus, soit d'encombrement minimum, notamment en épaisseur, et dont le rendement est optimisé.A first object of the invention is to propose a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy not comprising the drawbacks of known devices, that is to say of minimum bulk, in particular in thickness, and whose yield is optimized.
Un deuxième but de l'invention est de proposer un convertisseur d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique apte à alimenter temporairement un circuit en énergie électrique.A second object of the invention is to provide a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy capable of temporarily supplying a circuit with electrical energy.
Un troisième but de l'invention est de proposer un convertisseur d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique apte à alimenter de manière continue un circuit en énergie électrique.A third object of the invention is to provide a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy capable of continuously supplying a circuit with electrical energy.
Enfin un dernier but de l'invention est de proposer un appareil électronique, notamment une montre, muni d'un tel convertisseur.Finally, a final object of the invention is to propose an electronic device, in particular a watch, provided with such a converter.
Le premier des buts mentionnés est obtenu par un convertisseur tel que décrit dans la partie caractérisante de la revendication 1 , des formes d'exécution particulières et variantes étant mentionnées dans les revendications 2 et 3.The first of the aims mentioned is obtained by a converter as described in the characterizing part of claim 1, particular and alternative embodiments being mentioned in claims 2 and 3.
Le deuxième but mentionné est obtenu par un convertisseur répondant à la revendication 4, alors que le troisième but est obtenu par un convertisseur répondant à la revendication 4.The second goal mentioned is obtained by a converter responding to claim 4, while the third goal is obtained by a converter responding to claim 4.
Le dernier but proposé est obtenu par un appareil ou une montre tel que décrit dans une des revendications 7 à 9.The last object proposed is obtained by an apparatus or a watch as described in one of claims 7 to 9.
Deux formes d'exécution préférentielles ainsi que des variantes d'un convertisseur selon l'invention sont décrites ci-dessous, la description étant à considérer en regard du dessin annexé comportant les figures où :Two preferred embodiments as well as variants of a converter according to the invention are described below, the description being to be considered with regard to the appended drawing comprising the figures where:
la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'un convertisseur selon une première forme d'exécution de l'invention,FIG. 1 is a top view of a converter according to a first embodiment of the invention,
la figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'un convertisseur selon une deuxième forme d'exécution de l'invention, et la figure 3 est un schéma bloc d'un circuit d'alimentation électrique d'un appareil ou d'une montre muni d'un convertisseur selon l'invention.FIG. 2 is a top view of a converter according to a second embodiment of the invention, and Figure 3 is a block diagram of an electrical supply circuit of an apparatus or a watch provided with a converter according to the invention.
La figure 1 montre un convertisseur d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique 1 , comprenant un circuit magnétique fixe 2 et un circuit magnétique mobile 3 monté sur un moyen de transmission d'énergie mécanique 4.FIG. 1 shows a converter of mechanical energy into electrical energy 1, comprising a fixed magnetic circuit 2 and a mobile magnetic circuit 3 mounted on a mechanical energy transmission means 4.
Le circuit magnétique fixe 2 est ici constitué d'une bobine 20, bobinée autour d'un noyau 21 , les deux extrémités du noyau 21 étant chacune reliée à une pièce polaire 22, respectivement 23, formant ainsi un élément essentiellement de forme cintrée, deux aimants permanents 24, 25 étant fixés chacun sur une extrémité libre de pièce polaire 22, 23. Les deux aimants sont fixés en opposition de flux, comme schématisé par les flèches sur la figure, de telle manière que les faces des deux aimants se faisant face sont de même polarité. Ces deux faces opposées sont reliées par une pièce intercalaire 26, de manière à fermer le circuit magnétique fixe 2. Le noyau 21 , les pièces polaires 22 et 23 ainsi que la pièce intercalaire 26 sont de préférence en matériau ferromagnétique doux. De préférence, et afin de diminuer l'encombrement en épaisseur du dispositif, les pièces mentionnées composant le circuit magnétique 2 sont essentiellement de faible épaisseur relativement à leurs autres dimensions.The fixed magnetic circuit 2 here consists of a coil 20, wound around a core 21, the two ends of the core 21 each being connected to a pole piece 22, respectively 23, thus forming an element essentially of curved shape, two permanent magnets 24, 25 being each fixed on a free end of pole piece 22, 23. The two magnets are fixed in flow opposition, as shown diagrammatically by the arrows in the figure, so that the faces of the two magnets face each other have the same polarity. These two opposite faces are connected by an intermediate piece 26, so as to close the fixed magnetic circuit 2. The core 21, the pole pieces 22 and 23 as well as the intermediate piece 26 are preferably made of soft ferromagnetic material. Preferably, and in order to reduce the overall thickness of the device, the parts mentioned making up the magnetic circuit 2 are essentially of small thickness relative to their other dimensions.
Le moyen de transmission d'énergie mécanique 4 est constitué d'une lame ressort 40, dont une extrémité 41 est fixée à une portion fixe de l'appareil portant le dispositif, par exemple une portion de châssis, de platine ou de boîtier, l'autre extrémité de la lame ressort 40 portant le circuit magnétique mobile 3, constitué ici d'une pièce en matériau ferromagnétique 30, disposé ici sur un côté extérieur de la portion du circuit magnétique fixe 2 comprenant les deux aimants 24 et 25 ainsi que la pièce intercalaire 26, un faible entrefer δ subsistant entre les faces opposées de ladite portion de circuit magnétique fixe 2 et la pièce 30. La valeur de l'entrefer δ est suffisante pour éviter le frottement des deux pièces l'une contre l'autre, tout en étant le plus faible possible afin d'augmenter le rendement du dispositif. L'épaisseur de la pièce 30 est comparable à celle des éléments mentionnés qui lui font face. Un moyen d'actionnement, schématisé ici par le poussoir 42, agissant sur la lame ressort 40 ou sur la pièce 30, est apte, depuis la position d'équilibre représentée en traits continus sur la figure, à déplacer l'ensemble du système ressort 40/pièce 33 vers la position A représentée en traits discontinus, puis suite à un relâchement brusque à faire osciller la pièce 30 représentant le circuit magnétique mobile 3 entre les positions A et B.The mechanical energy transmission means 4 consists of a spring blade 40, one end of which is fixed to a fixed portion of the device carrying the device, for example a portion of chassis, plate or case, l other end of the spring leaf 40 carrying the movable magnetic circuit 3, constituted here by a piece of ferromagnetic material 30, arranged here on an outside side of the portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 comprising the two magnets 24 and 25 as well as the intermediate piece 26, a small air gap δ remaining between the opposite faces of said portion of fixed magnetic circuit 2 and the part 30. The value of the air gap δ is sufficient to avoid the friction of the two parts against each other, while being as low as possible in order to increase the yield of the device. The thickness of the part 30 is comparable to that of the mentioned elements which face it. An actuating means, shown here by the pusher 42, acting on the blade spring 40 or on part 30, is capable, from the equilibrium position shown in solid lines in the figure, of moving the entire spring 40 / part 33 system towards position A represented in broken lines, then following a abrupt release to oscillate the part 30 representing the mobile magnetic circuit 3 between positions A and B.
Lorsque le circuit magnétique mobile 3, respectivement la pièce 30 est dans sa position d'équilibre, elle se trouve dans une position symétrique relativement aux deux aimants 24 et 25. De ce fait, aucun flux ne traverse le noyau de bobine 21 et aucune tension induite n'apparaît aux bornes de la bobine 20. Lors du déplacement du circuit magnétique mobile 3 entre les positions A et B, les aimants 24 et 25 sont successivement au moins partiellement court-circuités, créant ainsi une variation de flux dans le circuit magnétique fixe 2, respectivement dans le noyau de bobine 21 , ce qui crée une tension induite aux bornes de la bobine 20 de valeur proportionnelle à la fréquence d'oscillation du circuit magnétique mobile.When the mobile magnetic circuit 3, respectively the part 30 is in its equilibrium position, it is in a symmetrical position relative to the two magnets 24 and 25. As a result, no flux crosses the coil core 21 and no voltage induced does not appear at the terminals of the coil 20. During the displacement of the mobile magnetic circuit 3 between positions A and B, the magnets 24 and 25 are successively at least partially short-circuited, thus creating a flux variation in the magnetic circuit fixed 2, respectively in the coil core 21, which creates an induced voltage across the coil 20 of value proportional to the frequency of oscillation of the mobile magnetic circuit.
La figure 2 montre une autre forme d'exécution d'un convertisseur selon l'invention dans laquelle le circuit magnétique mobile 3 oscille à l'intérieur d'un espace aménagé dans le circuit magnétique fixe 2 en face de la portion dudit circuit portant les deux aimants 24 et 25 et la pièce intercalaire 26. Le point de fixation 41 de l'extrémité de la lame ressort 40 peut dans ce cas être aménagé sur une portion du circuit magnétique fixe 2. On voit aussi sur cette figure que la bobine 20 est disposée asymétriquement sur le circuit magnétique fixe, lui-même étant de forme essentiellement circulaire. Un avantage d'une telle forme est qu'il devient éventuellement possible de loger un tel dispositif dans un emplacement prévu initialement pour une pile ou une batterie de type bouton. Comme précédemment des moyens d'actionnement schématisés en 42 permettent de faire osciller le circuit magnétique 3 entre les deux positions A et B.FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a converter according to the invention in which the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillates inside a space provided in the fixed magnetic circuit 2 opposite the portion of said circuit carrying the two magnets 24 and 25 and the intermediate piece 26. The attachment point 41 of the end of the leaf spring 40 can in this case be arranged on a portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2. It can also be seen in this figure that the coil 20 is arranged asymmetrically on the fixed magnetic circuit, itself being essentially circular in shape. An advantage of such a form is that it eventually becomes possible to accommodate such a device in a location initially provided for a button type battery or battery. As before, actuation means shown diagrammatically at 42 allow the magnetic circuit 3 to oscillate between the two positions A and B.
Les deux formes d'exécution décrites mentionnent une portion du circuit magnétique fixe 2 composée du noyau 21 et des deux pièces polaires 22 et 23 ; il est évidemment possible que cette portion de circuit soit constituée en une seule pièce en matériau ferromagnétique doux portant le bobinage 20, les deux aimants permanents 24 et 25 étant fixés aux deux extrémités de ladite pièce. Les deux formes d'exécution montrent un circuit magnétique fixe 2 de forme essentiellement quadrangulaire ou de forme circulaire ; on doit comprendre ici que la forme dudit circuit est sans importance, à condition que le circuit soit refermé sur lui-même. La forme générale du circuit magnétique fixe 2 peut donc être adaptée aux besoins ou à la place disponible dans l'appareil à alimenter.The two embodiments described mention a portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 composed of the core 21 and the two pole pieces 22 and 23; it is obviously possible that this portion of the circuit is made in a single piece of soft ferromagnetic material carrying the winding 20, the two permanent magnets 24 and 25 being fixed at the two ends of said part. The two embodiments show a fixed magnetic circuit 2 of essentially quadrangular shape or of circular shape; it should be understood here that the form of said circuit is unimportant, provided that the circuit is closed on itself. The general shape of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 can therefore be adapted to requirements or to the space available in the device to be supplied.
En variante des deux formes d'exécution décrites, le circuit magnétique mobile 3 pourrait osciller non pas sur un côté externe ou interne de la portion du circuit magnétique fixe 2 comportant les deux aimants 24 et 26 ainsi que la pièce intercalaire 26 mais directement au-dessus ou au-dessous de cette portion de circuit magnétique fixe, soit dans un plan parallèle au plan de ladite portion, un entrefer δ séparant ces deux plans.As a variant of the two embodiments described, the mobile magnetic circuit 3 could oscillate not on an external or internal side of the portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 comprising the two magnets 24 and 26 as well as the intermediate piece 26 but directly au- above or below this portion of the fixed magnetic circuit, either in a plane parallel to the plane of said portion, an air gap δ separating these two planes.
Les différentes formes d'exécution et variantes décrites ci-dessus montrent un déplacement d'oscillation du circuit magnétique mobile 3 selon une portion d'arc de cercle. Cette caractéristique n'est absolument pas essentielle, la pièce 30 du circuit magnétique mobile 3 pourrait tout aussi bien être maintenue différemment que décrit par les moyens à ressort, l'oscillation se faisant selon un chemin différent que celui décrit. Par exemple le circuit magnétique mobile 3 pourrait être maintenu par deux ressorts de traction fixés sur deux faces opposées de ladite pièce, les deux ressorts étant alignés et parallèles au flux engendrés par les aimants permanents dans le circuit magnétique fixe. Le circuit magnétique mobile 3 pourrait donc être mis en oscillation, comme précédemment à proximité immédiate de la portion de circuit magnétique fixe 2 comportant les deux aimants permanents et la pièce intercalaire.The different embodiments and variants described above show an oscillation displacement of the mobile magnetic circuit 3 according to a portion of an arc of a circle. This characteristic is absolutely not essential, the part 30 of the mobile magnetic circuit 3 could just as easily be maintained differently than described by the spring means, the oscillation taking place along a different path than that described. For example, the mobile magnetic circuit 3 could be maintained by two tension springs fixed on two opposite faces of said part, the two springs being aligned and parallel to the flux generated by the permanent magnets in the fixed magnetic circuit. The mobile magnetic circuit 3 could therefore be set in oscillation, as previously in the immediate vicinity of the portion of the fixed magnetic circuit 2 comprising the two permanent magnets and the intermediate piece.
Le moyen d'actionnement apte à faire osciller le circuit magnétique mobile 3 entre les positions A et B est représenté sur les deux figures 1 et 2 par un poussoir 42 donnant une impulsion de manière à faire osciller le circuit magnétique mobile 3 durant un certain temps. Un tel moyen d'actionnement par une impulsion peut par exemple être utilisé pour l'alimentation électrique d'une fonction temporaire, par exemple un éclairage de cadran d'une montre à mouvement mécanique. Dans ce cas, un bouton poussoir disposé par exemple sur une périphérie extérieure du boîtier de la montre actionne le poussoir 42 pour donner une impulsion au système de manière à alimenter l'éclairage du cadran durant un temps suffisant pour la lecture. Dans le cas où l'alimentation électrique doit être entretenue durant une période plus longue ou doit être continue, le mouvement d'oscillation doit aussi être entretenu. Pour ceci, le moyen d'actionnement peut par exemple consister en une roue dentée en rotation donnant régulièrement des impulsions permettant d'entretenir l'oscillation du circuit magnétique mobile 3.The actuating means capable of making the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillate between positions A and B is represented in the two figures 1 and 2 by a pusher 42 giving an impulse so as to make the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillate for a certain time . Such a means of actuation by a pulse can for example be used for the electrical supply of a temporary function, for example a dial illumination of a watch with mechanical movement. In this case, a push button arranged for example on an outer periphery of the watch case actuates the push button 42 to give an impulse to the system so as to supply the lighting of the dial for a time sufficient for reading. In the event that the power supply is to be maintained for a longer period or is to be continuous, the oscillating movement must also be maintained. For this, the actuating means can for example consist of a rotating toothed wheel regularly giving pulses enabling the oscillation of the mobile magnetic circuit 3 to be maintained.
La tension induite dans la bobine 20 dépend notamment de la fréquence de variation du flux dans le circuit magnétique fixe, par conséquent de la fréquence d'oscillation du circuit magnétique mobile 3. La masse de la pièce 30 ainsi que la longueur et les caractéristiques élastiques de la lame ressort 40 sont donc choisies afin que le circuit magnétique mobile 3 oscille à la fréquence voulue.The voltage induced in the coil 20 depends in particular on the frequency of variation of the flux in the fixed magnetic circuit, consequently on the oscillation frequency of the mobile magnetic circuit 3. The mass of the part 30 as well as the length and the elastic characteristics of the leaf spring 40 are therefore chosen so that the mobile magnetic circuit 3 oscillates at the desired frequency.
La figure 3 montre un schéma bloc d'un circuit d'alimentation électrique d'un appareil électronique, par exemple une montre, utilisant un convertisseur selon l'invention. Le convertisseur 1 , de l'un ou l'autre des types décrits plus haut est entraîné à osciller par un moyen d'actionnement 42, par exemple une roue dentée, elle-même entraînée par une source d'énergie mécanique 43, par exemple un ressort. La tension aux bornes de la bobine du convertisseur 1 est redressée par un circuit redresseur 44 pour être emmagasinée dans un moyen de stockage, par exemple un condensateur 45, avant d'être délivrée à l'utilisateur, par exemple un circuit intégré 46. Le cas représenté ici correspond à celui où l'utilisateur 46 est continuellement alimenté en énergie électrique tant que la source d'énergie mécanique 43 est apte à fournir son énergie.FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an electrical supply circuit of an electronic device, for example a watch, using a converter according to the invention. The converter 1, of one or other of the types described above is driven to oscillate by an actuating means 42, for example a toothed wheel, itself driven by a source of mechanical energy 43, for example a spring. The voltage across the coil of the converter 1 is rectified by a rectifier circuit 44 to be stored in a storage means, for example a capacitor 45, before being delivered to the user, for example an integrated circuit 46. The case shown here corresponds to that where the user 46 is continuously supplied with electrical energy as long as the mechanical energy source 43 is able to supply its energy.
Le convertisseur d'énergie décrit est donc de dimension extrêmement réduite, notamment de par la construction à plat décrite, il occupe très peu de place en épaisseur. Il peut donc facilement être intégré à un appareil électronique miniaturisé comme une montre. The energy converter described is therefore extremely small in size, in particular due to the flat construction described, it occupies very little space in thickness. It can therefore easily be integrated into a miniature electronic device such as a watch.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1- Convertisseur d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :1- Mechanical energy to electrical energy converter characterized in that it comprises:
des moyens de transmission d'énergie mécanique (42),mechanical energy transmission means (42),
des moyens de production d'énergie électrique comprenant :electrical energy production means comprising:
un circuit magnétique fixe (2) fermé constitué d'une portion de circuit magnétique en matériau ferromagnétique doux (21 ,22,23) de forme essentiellement cintrée, d'au moins une bobine (20) disposée sur une portion formant noyau (21 ) de ladite portion de circuit magnétique fixe, de deux aimants permanents (24,25) fixés chacun sur une extrémité de ladite portion de circuit magnétique fixe, les deux aimants permanents étant disposés de manière à être réunis par une pièce intercalaire (26) en matériau ferromagnétique doux, les deux aimants permanents étant orientés entre eux de manière à ce que les flux magnétiques produits par les deux dits aimants soient de sens opposés,a fixed fixed magnetic circuit (2) consisting of a portion of magnetic circuit made of soft ferromagnetic material (21, 22,23) of essentially bent shape, of at least one coil (20) disposed on a portion forming a core (21) of said fixed magnetic circuit portion, of two permanent magnets (24,25) each fixed on one end of said fixed magnetic circuit portion, the two permanent magnets being arranged so as to be joined by an intermediate piece (26) of material soft ferromagnetic, the two permanent magnets being oriented between them so that the magnetic fluxes produced by the two said magnets are in opposite directions,
d'un circuit magnétique mobile (3) constitué d'une pièce en matériau ferromagnétique doux (30) montée sur des moyens à ressort (40), lesdits moyens de transmission d'énergie mécanique (42) étant aptes à faire osciller ladite pièce entre deux positions (A,B) le long de la portion dudit circuit magnétique fixe (2) comportant les deux aimants permanents (24,25) séparés par la pièce intercalaire (26).a mobile magnetic circuit (3) consisting of a piece of soft ferromagnetic material (30) mounted on spring means (40), said mechanical energy transmission means (42) being able to oscillate said piece between two positions (A, B) along the portion of said fixed magnetic circuit (2) comprising the two permanent magnets (24,25) separated by the intermediate piece (26).
2- Convertisseur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la pièce (30) du circuit magnétique mobile (3) oscille dans le même plan que celui constitué par le circuit magnétique fixe (2), sur un côté latéral de ladite portion dudit circuit magnétique fixe comportant les deux aimants permanents (24,25) séparés par la pièce intercalaire (26).2- Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the part (30) of the mobile magnetic circuit (3) oscillates in the same plane as that formed by the fixed magnetic circuit (2), on a lateral side of said portion of said circuit fixed magnetic comprising the two permanent magnets (24,25) separated by the intermediate piece (26).
3- Convertisseur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la pièce (30) du circuit magnétique mobile (3) oscille dans un plan parallèle à celui constitué par le circuit magnétique fixe (2), sur une face de ladite portion dudit circuit magnétique fixe comportant les deux aimants permanents (24,25) séparés par la pièce intercalaire (26).3- converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the part (30) of the mobile magnetic circuit (3) oscillates in a plane parallel to that constituted by the fixed magnetic circuit (2), on one face of said portion of said fixed magnetic circuit comprising the two permanent magnets (24,25) separated by the intermediate piece (26).
4- Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de transmission d'énergie mécanique (42) sont aptes à imprimer au moins une impulsion mécanique audit circuit magnétique mobile (3).4- Converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical energy transmission means (42) are capable of printing at least one mechanical pulse to said mobile magnetic circuit (3).
5- Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de transmission d'énergie mécanique (42) sont aptes à imprimer des impulsions mécaniques entretenues audit circuit magnétique mobile (3).5- converter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mechanical energy transmission means (42) are capable of printing mechanical pulses maintained at said mobile magnetic circuit (3).
6- Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est associé à un circuit redresseur (44) apte à redresser la tension délivrée par la bobine (20), suivi d'un circuit de stockage d'énergie électrique (45).6- Converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is associated with a rectifier circuit (44) capable of rectifying the voltage delivered by the coil (20), followed by an electrical energy storage circuit (45).
7- Appareil électronique comportant au moins un circuit (46) alimenté en énergie électrique, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé d'au moins un convertisseur selon l'une des revendications précédentes.7- Electronic device comprising at least one circuit (46) supplied with electrical energy, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one converter according to one of the preceding claims.
8- Montre munie d'un mouvement mécanique, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est équipée d'un convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 ou8- Watch provided with a mechanical movement, characterized in that it is equipped with a converter according to one of claims 1 to 4 or
6, apte à alimenter une fonction électrique temporaire de ladite montre.6, capable of supplying a temporary electrical function to said watch.
9- Montre munie notamment d'un circuit électronique (46), caractérisée en ce qu'elle est équipée d'un convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, apte à alimenter de manière continue ledit circuit électronique en énergie électrique. 9- Watch provided in particular with an electronic circuit (46), characterized in that it is equipped with a converter according to one of claims 1 to 6, capable of continuously supplying said electronic circuit with electrical energy.
PCT/CH1998/000401 1998-03-25 1998-09-18 Converter of mechanical energy into electric energy and apparatus equipped with same WO1999049556A1 (en)

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CHPCT/CH98/00117 1998-03-25

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WO2013143726A2 (en) 2012-03-30 2013-10-03 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Signal output unit and method for operating a signal output unit
RU2644573C2 (en) * 2012-11-13 2018-02-13 Перпетуум Лтд Electromechanical generator and method for coversion of mechanical vibrational energy to electric energy
EP2991205A1 (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-02 Norbert Isele Rotor-stator assembly and induction generator
CN106899190A (en) * 2015-12-21 2017-06-27 上海交通大学 A kind of micro-vibration electricity energy harvester of utilization flux steering improve generating efficiency
CN106026595A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-10-12 世纪中桥实业发展有限公司 Axle power generation device, self-powered sensor and vehicle state information monitoring device
RU2744819C1 (en) * 2018-11-02 2021-03-16 Тиссо СА Method of demand managing of a watch

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