WO1998056067A1 - Planar antenna with patch radiators for wide bandwidth and pass band function - Google Patents
Planar antenna with patch radiators for wide bandwidth and pass band function Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998056067A1 WO1998056067A1 PCT/US1998/011734 US9811734W WO9856067A1 WO 1998056067 A1 WO1998056067 A1 WO 1998056067A1 US 9811734 W US9811734 W US 9811734W WO 9856067 A1 WO9856067 A1 WO 9856067A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resonating
- antenna
- patch
- modes
- radiating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
- H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
- H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to antennas, and more particularly, to planar antennas using patch radiators.
- microstrip antennas have characteristics often sought for portable communication devices, including advantages in cost, efficiency, size, and weight. However, such antennas generally have a narrow bandwidth which limits applications.
- Several approaches have been proposed in the art in an effort to widen the bandwidth of such structures.
- One such approach is described in U.S. Patent Number 5, 572, 222 issued to Mailandt et al. on November 5, 1996, for a Microstrip Patch Antenna Array.
- a microstrip patch antenna is constructed using an array of spaced-apart patch radiators which are fed by an electromagnetically coupled microstrip line.
- FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a patch antenna, in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the patch antenna of FIG. 1, in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a patch antenna configuration that uses circular polarization, in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a planar pass-band antenna, in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing experimental results of an antenna made in accordance with the present invention.
- the present invention provides for a patch antenna, preferably of planar construction, that achieves a wide bandwidth using an asymmetric radiating structure.
- the radiating structure supports at least two resonating modes, which are preferably differential and common resonating modes.
- a feed system is coupled to the radiating structure to excite the respective resonating modes at different frequencies to provide a radiating band for communication signals.
- the radiating structure includes a grounded dielectric substrate that carries resonating structures, such as patch radiators, which have substantial electromagnetic coupling.
- the resonating structures are simultaneously fed to excite differential and common resonating modes which operate with a substantially similar effective dielectric constant.
- a common resonating mode exists for electromagnetically coupled resonating structures when current simultaneously travels on each resonating structure in substantially the same direction.
- a differential resonating mode exists for electromagnetically coupled resonating structures when current simultaneously travels on each resonating structure in a substantially opposite direction.
- the combination of the differential and common resonating modes produces a wide radiating band.
- the present invention also provides for an antenna, preferably of planar construction, that achieves a wide bandwidth and band-pass filtering using a resonating structure that has a particular geometry and arrangement of elements.
- the resonating structure supports at least three resonating modes that operate together to produce a pass-band, i.e., a continuous radiating band delimited by substantial radiated field cancellation at spaced apart cut-off frequencies.
- a feed system is coupled to the radiating structure to excite the resonating modes to provide a radiating band for communication signals, and to produce opposing currents that cause a destructive superposition of radiated fields at the cut-off frequencies.
- the antenna includes a grounded dielectric substrate that carries a resonating structure formed from three patch radiators of different dimensions that have substantial electromagnetic coupling.
- the patch radiators are preferably simultaneously fed by an electromagnetically coupled microstrip line.
- FIG. 1 is a top plan view of planar patch antenna 100, in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the planar patch antenna 100.
- the planar patch antenna 100 comprises a grounded dielectric substrate 120, a radiating structure 110 carried or supported by the substrate 120, and a feed system 130, 135.
- the dielectric substrate 120 is formed by a layer of dielectric material 122, and a layer of conductive material 124 that functions as a ground plane.
- the dielectric material used is alumina substrate which has a dielectric constant of approximately ten (10).
- the feed system 130, 135 includes a buried microstrip line 130, disposed between the ground plane 124 and the radiating structure 110.
- a coaxial feed 135 is coupled to the microstrip line 130 to provide a conduit for communication signals.
- the radiating structure 110 includes two patch radiators 112, 114 that form resonating structures, when excited by a feed signal.
- the patch radiators 112, 114 are preferably rectangular in geometry, having a length measured in a direction of wave propagation 150 (herein referred to as "resonating length"), and a width measured perpendicular to the resonating length.
- the resonating structures form an asymmetric geometrical structure in which complementary resonating modes, such as differential and common modes, are presented within a particular operating frequency band.
- a primary radiator 112 is formed using a wide planar microstrip printed at the air-dielectric interface 125 of the grounded dielectric substrate 120.
- a secondary radiator 114 is formed from a narrow planar microstrip running parallel to the primary radiator.
- the patch radiators have respective widths that differ by at least 50 percent.
- the narrower patch radiator has a width of at most 30 percent of that of the wider patch radiator.
- the patch radiators may also have a difference in resonating length for tuning purposes.
- the dimensions and placement of the patch radiator are significant aspects of the present invention.
- the patch radiators are placed such that there is a strong electromagnetic coupling between them.
- the asymmetric structure, i.e., the difference in width between the patch radiators provide for distinct resonating modes with different phase velocities, and thus different resonant frequencies.
- the resonating structures 112, 114 are dimensioned to have distinct resonating modes at frequencies that are close together, preferably within ten percent of each other.
- the result is an enhancement to the overall operational bandwidth for the antenna.
- the microstrip feed is positioned to apply a different excitation to each patch radiator.
- the overall excitation can be seen as a superposition of a differential mode excitation and a common mode excitation.
- the presence of the wide patch radiator produces a greater confinement of the electromagnetic energy within the substrate, both for the common and differential modes supported by the radiating structure. This results in differential and common resonating modes operating with a substantially similar effective dielectric constant, preferably within ten percent of each other.
- the microstrip line 130 provides a signal that simultaneously excites the differential and common resonating modes of the radiating structure, with maximum excitation occurring at their respective resonating frequencies.
- the microstrip line 130 traverses under the narrow patch radiator and terminates at or near the wide patch radiator. This particular asymmetry produces a dominance in radiation of the greater current flowing on the wide radiator.
- the present invention provides for an antenna with a radiating structure that supports at least two distinct radiating modes, such as differential and common radiating modes.
- a feed system is coupled to the radiating structure and excites the radiating modes at different frequencies to provide a radiating band for signal transmission.
- the feed system is preferably a microstrip line that simultaneously excites the distinct resonating modes within the resonating structures.
- FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a second embodiment of a planar patch antenna 300 having circular polarization, in accordance with the present invention.
- three patch radiators 312, 314, 316 form a radiating structure that is disposed on a grounded dielectric substrate 320, and two microstrip lines 332, 334 provide orthogonal time quadrature feeds to the patch radiators 312, 314, 316.
- the patch radiators combine to form an asymmetrical geometrical structure that generates distinct resonating modes with a substantially similar effective dielectric constant.
- a first narrow patch radiator 314 is situated proximate to a wide patch radiator 312 such that there is substantial electromagnetic coupling therebetween. Both radiators 312, 314 are fed by a buried microstrip line that traverses under the narrow patch radiator 314 and terminates under the wide patch radiator 312.
- a second narrow patch radiator 316 is situated proximate to the wide patch radiator but oriented orthogonal to the first narrow patch radiator.
- Another microstrip line 334 traverses the narrow patch radiator 316 and terminates under the wide patch radiator 312.
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a planar pass-band antenna 400, in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna 400.
- the antenna 400 includes a grounded dielectric substrate 420, a radiating structure 410 carried or supported by the substrate 420, and a feed system 430, 435.
- the dielectric substrate 420 is formed by a layer of dielectric material 422, and a layer of conductive material 424 that functions as a ground plane.
- alumina substrate is used as the dielectric material, which has a dielectric constant of approximately ten (10).
- the feed system 430, 435 includes a buried microstrip line 430, disposed between the ground plane 424 and the radiating structure 410.
- a coaxial feed 435 is coupled to the microstrip line 430 to provide a conduit for communication signals.
- the radiating structure 410 includes three separate planarly disposed patch radiators 412, 414, 416 that resonate, when properly excited by a feed signal.
- the patch radiators 412, 414, 416 are preferably rectangular in geometry, having a length measured in a direction of wave propagation 450, which is referred to herein as the "resonating length," and a width measured perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation 450.
- the patch radiators form a multi-mode resonating structure in which three fundamental resonating modes are presented within a particular operating frequency band.
- a primary radiator 412 is formed using a wide elongated planar microstrip printed at the air-dielectric interface 425 of the grounded dielectric substrate 420.
- Two secondary radiators are preferably rectangular in geometry, having a length measured in a direction of wave propagation 450, which is referred to herein as the "resonating length," and a width measured perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation 450.
- the narrow patch radiators 414, 416 are formed from narrow elongated planar microstrips printed at the air-dielectric interface 425 parallel to, and on opposing sides of the primary radiator 412.
- the narrow patch radiators 414, 416 have respective widths that differ from that of the wide patch radiator 412 by at least 50 percent.
- the patch radiators 412, 414, 416 may also have differences in length, measured in the direction of wave propagation, for tuning purposes. The dimensions and placement of the patch radiator are significant aspects of the present invention.
- the patch radiators 412, 414, 416 are placed such that there is a strong electromagnetic coupling between them.
- the difference in width between the primary patch radiator 412 and the secondary patch radiators 414, 416 provide for distinct resonating modes with different phase velocities, and thus different resonance frequencies.
- the microstrip line 430 traverses under one of the narrow patch radiators 414, and the wide patch radiator 412, and terminates at or near another of the narrow patch radiators 416.
- the microstrip line 430 provides a signal that simultaneously excites the fundamental resonating modes of the radiating structure 410.
- Adjacent resonating structures 412, 414, 416 are dimensioned to have distinct fundamental resonating modes at frequencies that are close together, preferably within ten percent of each other. The result is an enhancement to the overall operational bandwidth for the antenna.
- the microstrip feed is positioned to apply a different excitation to at least two of the patch radiators at or about two frequencies that delimit the pass- band. These two frequencies are referred to herein as "cut-off frequencies.”
- the overall excitation creates a superposition of the three resonating modes which operate together to produce a pass band delimited by the cut-off frequencies. Between the cut-off frequencies, the excitation of the resonating modes results in a substantially constructive superposition of radiated fields from the various radiators. At the cut-off frequencies, the excitation of the resonating modes results in opposing currents in at least two radiators. The opposing current causes a substantially destructive superposition of radiated fields.
- FIG. 6 shows a graph comparing gain versus normalized frequency for one embodiment of a pass-band antenna made in accordance with the present invention. It can be seen that a wide pass- band exists between frequencies 0.96 f 0 and 1.04 f 0 , where f 0 is the center frequency of the pass-band. For frequencies in the range of 0.96 f 0 to 0.97 f 0 there is a sharp drop off in gain. Similarly, for frequencies in the range of 1.03 f 0 to 1.04 f 0 , there is a sharp drop off in gain. This drop off in gain results from a destructive superimposition of resonating modes.
- the present invention provides for an antenna with a radiating structure that supports at least three fundamental resonating modes.
- a feed system is coupled to the radiating structure and excites the resonating modes at different frequencies to provide a radiating band. The differences between radiation fields at different portions of the radiating structure at the cut-off frequencies causes the field cancellation that delimits the pass-band.
- these differences are created by opposing radiator currents on electromagnetically coupled patch radiators generated at the cut-off frequencies.
- the combination of narrow and wide patch radiators, and the microstrip feed provide for a wide radiating band having a substantially sharp drop in gain versus frequency at or about the cut-off frequencies.
- the principles of the present invention may be used to form a variety of antenna structures of varying configurations that yield a substantial improvement in operational bandwidth.
- the relative positioning of wide and narrow patch radiators may be interchanged to form other useful configurations.
- planar patch antennas can be incorporated in portable communication devices to yield reductions in size, weight, and cost, and improvements in directivity and efficiency.
- the principles of the present invention may also be used to form a variety of antenna structures of varying configuration that yield a substantial improvement in operational bandwidth, while providing for band-pass filtering.
- the relative positioning of wide and narrow patch radiators may be interchanged to form other useful configurations.
- the antenna described achieves its wide-band and filtering characteristics in a small package, which makes it suitable for use in portable communication devices that must satisfy tight constraints in size, weight, and costs.
- the surface area occupied by the radiating structure is approximately 0.25 ⁇ 2 , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the fundamental guided mode that would be supported by a microstrip line having the same width of the main radiator.
- an antenna of appropriate bandwidth can be constructed with an overall thickness of less than ⁇ 0 / 60, where ⁇ 0 is the free space wavelength. Such thickness is substantially less than that typically obtained for prior art antennas having a similar bandwidth. What is claimed is:
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU80603/98A AU8060398A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-05 | Planar antenna with patch radiators for wide bandwidth and pass band function |
GB9902395A GB2331186A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-05 | Planar antenna with patch radiators for wide bandwidth and pass band function |
DE19880947T DE19880947T1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-05 | Planar antenna with patch radiators for broadband and bandpass function |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/870,284 US5933115A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Planar antenna with patch radiators for wide bandwidth |
US08/870,284 | 1997-06-06 | ||
US08/896,317 | 1997-06-24 | ||
US08/896,317 US6002368A (en) | 1997-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Multi-mode pass-band planar antenna |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998056067A1 true WO1998056067A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
Family
ID=27128147
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/011734 WO1998056067A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-05 | Planar antenna with patch radiators for wide bandwidth and pass band function |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR20000068078A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1231071A (en) |
AU (1) | AU8060398A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19880947T1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2331186A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998056067A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000030213A1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Nokia Networks Oy | Patch antenna device |
US6281843B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2001-08-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Planar broadband dipole antenna for linearly polarized waves |
US6380905B1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2002-04-30 | Filtronic Lk Oy | Planar antenna structure |
FR2873857A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-03 | Thomson Licensing Sa | RADIANT DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED FREQUENCY FILTERING AND CORRESPONDING FILTERING METHOD |
CN114899585A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-08-12 | 华南理工大学 | Filter antenna array based on dielectric resonator |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101320840B (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2012-02-22 | 东南大学 | Multi-stop band ultra-wideband antenna based on miniaturization double module resonator |
CN104124984A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-10-29 | 江苏中寰卫星导航通信有限公司 | Signal emitter with adjustable intensity |
CN108054501B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-08-07 | 南京邮电大学 | Broadband circularly polarized antenna with equal ripple axial ratio response |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2064877A (en) * | 1979-11-22 | 1981-06-17 | Secr Defence | Microstrip antenna |
US4356492A (en) * | 1981-01-26 | 1982-10-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multi-band single-feed microstrip antenna system |
US5111211A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-05-05 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Broadband patch antenna |
US5355143A (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1994-10-11 | Huber & Suhner Ag, Kabel-, Kautschuk-, Kunststoffwerke | Enhanced performance aperture-coupled planar antenna array |
US5661494A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1997-08-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | High performance circularly polarized microstrip antenna |
-
1998
- 1998-06-05 AU AU80603/98A patent/AU8060398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-05 DE DE19880947T patent/DE19880947T1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-06-05 GB GB9902395A patent/GB2331186A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-06-05 WO PCT/US1998/011734 patent/WO1998056067A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-05 KR KR1019997001022A patent/KR20000068078A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-05 CN CN98800935A patent/CN1231071A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2064877A (en) * | 1979-11-22 | 1981-06-17 | Secr Defence | Microstrip antenna |
US4356492A (en) * | 1981-01-26 | 1982-10-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multi-band single-feed microstrip antenna system |
US5111211A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-05-05 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Broadband patch antenna |
US5355143A (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1994-10-11 | Huber & Suhner Ag, Kabel-, Kautschuk-, Kunststoffwerke | Enhanced performance aperture-coupled planar antenna array |
US5661494A (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1997-08-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | High performance circularly polarized microstrip antenna |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6281843B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2001-08-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Planar broadband dipole antenna for linearly polarized waves |
WO2000030213A1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Nokia Networks Oy | Patch antenna device |
US6380905B1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2002-04-30 | Filtronic Lk Oy | Planar antenna structure |
FR2873857A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-03 | Thomson Licensing Sa | RADIANT DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED FREQUENCY FILTERING AND CORRESPONDING FILTERING METHOD |
WO2006018567A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-23 | Thomson Licensing | Integrated frequency filtering radiating device and appropriate filtering method |
CN114899585A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-08-12 | 华南理工大学 | Filter antenna array based on dielectric resonator |
CN114899585B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-07-18 | 华南理工大学 | Filtering antenna array based on dielectric resonator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9902395D0 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
CN1231071A (en) | 1999-10-06 |
GB2331186A (en) | 1999-05-12 |
AU8060398A (en) | 1998-12-21 |
DE19880947T1 (en) | 1999-08-05 |
KR20000068078A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
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