WO1997041209A1 - Pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem (es) cell lines and their use in the generation of chimeric rabbits - Google Patents
Pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem (es) cell lines and their use in the generation of chimeric rabbits Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997041209A1 WO1997041209A1 PCT/EP1997/002323 EP9702323W WO9741209A1 WO 1997041209 A1 WO1997041209 A1 WO 1997041209A1 EP 9702323 W EP9702323 W EP 9702323W WO 9741209 A1 WO9741209 A1 WO 9741209A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
- C12N15/873—Techniques for producing new embryos, e.g. nuclear transfer, manipulation of totipotent cells or production of chimeric embryos
- C12N15/877—Techniques for producing new mammalian cloned embryos
- C12N15/8777—Rabbit embryos
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0603—Embryonic cells ; Embryoid bodies
- C12N5/0606—Pluripotent embryonic cells, e.g. embryonic stem cells [ES]
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/20—Cytokines; Chemokines
- C12N2501/23—Interleukins [IL]
- C12N2501/235—Leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF]
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/30—Hormones
- C12N2501/33—Insulin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2502/00—Coculture with; Conditioned medium produced by
- C12N2502/13—Coculture with; Conditioned medium produced by connective tissue cells; generic mesenchyme cells, e.g. so-called "embryonic fibroblasts"
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2509/00—Methods for the dissociation of cells, e.g. specific use of enzymes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel rabbit embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and their use in the gene ⁇ ration of chimeric rabbits.
- Gene targeting via homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells) technology allows the manipulation of the genome in desired and defined ways (Capecchi, 1989; Robertson, 1987; Bradley, 1987) . Briefly, genes to be targeted are incorporated in plasmid transfer vectors and altered by replacement of some of their sequence with foreign DNA which encodes selectable markers (inactivation) or by a mutated gene sequence (targeted mutagenesis) . These inactivated or mutated genes are then introduced into ES cells (which each have the potential to develop into a complete animal) .
- Completely ES cell derived mice can be generated utilising the recently developed technology to aggregate wild type or mutant ES cells with tetraploid embryos (Nagy et al . , 1993) .
- ES cells can be used for introduction of genetic material by non- homologous recombination, allowing the study of genetic alteration in live animals.
- transgenic technologies and ES cell technologies for the alteration of gene function has provided animal models of important human diseases (for review cfr. Wilson, 1996; Rubin and Barsch, 1996) .
- this technology has only been successful in the mouse.
- the mouse has significant restrictions (e.g. size and inability to generate the phenotype of human diseases) that limit its potential applications. Consequently, larger animal models to test the phenotypic consequences or loss-of-function mutations would be very valuable.
- Presumptive pluripotential ES cells have been isolated in a number of additional species including hamster (Doetschman et al . , 1988) , pig (Evans et al . , 1990; Piedrahita et al . , 1990; Notarianni et al . , 1990; Talbot et al . , 1993) , sheep (Notarianni et al . , 1990) , cattle (Evans et al . ; Saito et al . , 1992) , mink (Sukoyan et al .
- Inner cell mass (ICM) cells freshly derived from rabbit blastocysts have been shown to allow the generation of chimeric rabbits following injection into recipient blastocysts (Gardner and Munro, 1974; Moustafa, 1974; Babinet and Bordenave, 1980) , whereas Yang et al . (1993) have reported the production of chimeric rabbits both from freshly isolated ICM and from ICM cells maintained in culture in vitro for 3 days.
- ES rabbit embryonic stem
- ES cell line comprising at least 70%, preferably 80 to 90% undifferentiated cells is obtainable by isolating the inner cell mass of 5.5 days postcoitus blastocysts and culturing them on feeder cells in rabbit ES medium.
- the rabbit ES medium according to the invention comprises high glucose Dulbecco' s Modified Eagle Medium, 4mM L-glutamine, 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 148 units/ml penicillin G sodium, 148 microgram/ml streptomycin sulfate, 4 microgram/ml bovine insulin, 10 3 units/ml murine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, 20% fetal bovine serum, 1.5% MEM non-essential amino acid solution.
- the feeder cells are preferably mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from 12.5 days old mouse embryos and used in a density of 3 to 4X10 6 cells per 10 cm petri dish.
- a modified trypsinization method was used, which consists of the use of trypsinization medium comprising 0.1% collagenase, 1% chicken serum and 0.03% trypsin-EDTA in phosphate- buffered saline. This medium allowed the selective passage of ES cells because mouse embryonic fibroblasts and trophectodermal cells detach more slowly in this medium.
- Cells according to the invention are recognisable by virtue of their following properties: three dimensional colony formation, positive staining for alkaline phosphatase and negative staining for cytokeratin 18 and vimentin after more than 10 passages.
- the invention further relates to the use of the ES cell lines for the generation of chimeric rabbits, for example following blastocyst injection into recipient blastocysts or embryo aggregation or nuclear transfer.
- the ES cell lines of the invention may also be used for gene alteration by homologous or non-homologous recombination or for the generation of rabbits with gene alteration via germline transmission.
- the present invention thus leads to the improved derivation of pluripotent ES cells, their maintenance in culture over several passages, and their use for the successful generation of chimeric animals.
- rabbit ES cells with demonstrated potential to generate chimeric rabbits following injection in recipient blastocysts will allow the generation of offspring capable of germline transmission of the targeted mutations following homologous or non-homologous recombination in these pluripotent ES cells.
- the pluripotency of the rabbit ES cells will allow to differentiate them into defined cell types enabling the study or isolation of novel genes .
- the invention will be illustrated in the following examples, that are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Based on the present invention, several variants and improvements will be obvious to those skilled in the art .
- the culture medium used by Graves and Moreadith (1993) consisted of high glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, 4mM L-glutamine, 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, penicillin G sodium l48U/ml, and streptomycin sulfate 148 ⁇ g/ml .
- the following supplements were changed or added: 4 ⁇ g/ml bovine insulin, 10 3 units/ml of murine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, 20% fetal bovine serum, 1.5% MEM non-essential amino acid solution.
- the rabbit ES cells (1.5 to 3 X 10 6 cells per 10 cm petridish) were grown to subconfluency on mouse embryonic fibroblasts mitotically arrested with mitomycin and the ES cells were passaged every 4-6 days onto freshly prepared feeders (3 to 4 X 10 6 cells per 10 cm dish) .
- the ES cells were fed every day with the improved medium described above.
- Culture dishes were kept at 39°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% C0 2 in air.
- the mouse embryonic fibroblast were derived from 12.5 day old mouse embryos and were used at passage 1.
- mice embryonic fibroblasts (3 to 4 X 10 6 as compared to 2 to 3 X 10 6 cells per 10 cm dish (Graves and Moreadith, 1993)) together with the use of 12.5 days' embryos markedly reduced the differentiation of the ES cells .
- the trypsinization medium consisted of 0.1% collagenase, 1% chicken serum and 0.03% trypsin-EDTA (Gibco Cat. no. 25200) in phosphate buffered saline. This selective trypsinization medium allowed the selective passage of ES cells because mouse embryonic fibroblasts and trophectodermal cells detach more slowly from the culture dish than ES cells.
- GM3 cells derived from Dutch Belted embryos by Graves and Moreadith (1993) , but maintained in culture conditions in Example 1, were used to generate chimeric offspring as described below. Blastocyst injection of the epitheloid colonies of the putative ES cells had previously never generated chimeric rabbits after injection into rabbit embryos (Table 1) . For further experiments described below, GM3 cells from passage 12 were maintained in improved culture conditions which stabilized the percentage of alkaline phosphatase positive, undifferentiated ES cells.
- Blastocysts were recovered from the uterine horns 90 hours after mating, by flushing the uterine cavity with Dulbecco' s phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 3% bovine serum albumin (Cohn fraction V) plus 5% antibiotic/antimycotic solution (Gibco, Grand Island, NY) which had been pre-equilibrated at 39°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% C0 2 in air.
- Chimeras were generated by injection of both epitheloid alkaline phosphatase negative and the three dimensionally growing alkaline phosphatase positive ES cells into the blastocoel cavity of New Zealand White blastocyst (Table 2) .
- a total of 287 New Zealand White blastocysts were injected with 20 to 300 cells from the GM3 cell line.
- Blastocyst injections with GM3 cells were performed on a Zeiss inverted microscope with differential interference optics at a magnification of 250X. Micromanipulations were performed with Narashige micromanipulators as routinely employed for the mouse.
- Percentages in parentheses are relative to numbers of blastocysts injected.
- Superovulated Dutch Belted does were mated with Dutch Belted bucks.
- the blastocysts were flushed from the uterine horns on day 5.5 (postcoitus instead of 4 or 5 days postcoitus) and rinsed with Dulbecco' s phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 3% bovine serum albumin (Cohn fraction V) plus 5% (v/v) antibiotic/antimycotic solution.
- the blastocysts were kept in rabbit ES medium (described above) at 39°C in a 5% C0 2 incubator until further manipulation.
- the inner cell mass was prepared manually out of the surrounding trophectoderm cells with 2 needles and placed individually in a 96 well culture dish (plated with 12.5 days old, passage 1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts with a density equivalent to 3 to 4 X 10 cells per 10 cm dish) .
- the explanted inner cell masses were refed daily with the improved rabbit ES cell medium described above in which murine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor was replaced by human or rabbit Leukemia Inhibitory Factor. After 2 days, the inner cell mass outgrowth was easily freed from remaining trophectoderm cells by gently lifting the trophectoderm outgrowth with a beveled glass pipet off the underlying feeder layer and by aspirating it into the glass pipet .
- the ES cells were passaged very gradually onto larger culture dishes at 4 to 5 days intervals, to maintain the ES cells at a very high density, another prerequisite to prevent differentiation and loss of pluripotency.
- the feeder densities on the subsequent culture dishes was maintained at densities equivalent of 3 to 4 X 10 cells per 10 cm dish.
- the rabbit ES cell lines obtained by this procedure are more similar to pluripotent murine ES cell lines than any of the rabbit ES variants previously reported.
- the main characteristics are colony growth in three dimensions, high refractility and a small nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The most important characteristics are that after 10 passages, 80 to 90% of the ES cells remain undifferentiated as indicated by their positive staining for alkaline phosphatase ( Figure 3b) , and negative staining for human cytokeratin 18 and mouse vimentin, which are known markers of differentiation (Viebahn et al . , 1988; Piedrahita et al . , 1990) .
- Roder JC (1993) Derivation of completely cell culture derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:8424-8428.
- Strojeck M, Reed MA, Hoover JL, Wagner TE (1990) A method for cultivating morphologically undifferentiated embryonic stem cells from porcine blastocysts. Theriogenology 33:901-913.
- Rabbit ES cells (GM3 line) , derived by Graves and Moreadith.
- the belts are typical for the Dutch Belted strain from which the GM3 ES cell line was derived.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU28929/97A AU2892997A (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1997-04-29 | Pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem (es) cell lines and their use in the generation of chimeric rabbits |
EP97922992A EP0907722A1 (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1997-04-29 | Pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem (es) cell lines and their use in the generation of chimeric rabbits |
JP9538604A JP2000508919A (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1997-04-29 | Pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem (ES) cell line and its use in developing chimeric rabbits |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96201169.8 | 1996-04-29 | ||
EP96201169 | 1996-04-29 | ||
EP96203060 | 1996-11-04 | ||
EP96203060.7 | 1996-11-04 | ||
EP97200168 | 1997-01-22 | ||
EP97200168.9 | 1997-01-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1997041209A1 true WO1997041209A1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP1997/002323 WO1997041209A1 (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1997-04-29 | Pluripotent rabbit embryonic stem (es) cell lines and their use in the generation of chimeric rabbits |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0907722A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000508919A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1217746A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2892997A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2252524A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997041209A1 (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999027076A1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-03 | Arc Genomic Research | Pluripotent embryonic stem cells and methods of obtaining them |
US6238922B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-05-29 | Stemcells, Inc. | Use of collagenase in the preparation of neural stem cell cultures |
WO2001044441A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-21 | Thermo Biostar, Inc. | Stabilizing diluent for polypeptides and antigens |
US6271436B1 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 2001-08-07 | The Texas A & M University System | Cells and methods for the generation of transgenic pigs |
EP1217071A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-26 | Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique (Inra) | Position-independent and tissue specific expression of a transgene in milk of transgenic animals |
EP1294855A1 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2003-03-26 | ES Cell International Pte Ltd | Method of controlling differentiation of embryonic stem (es) cells by culturing es cells in the presence of bmp-2 pathway antagonists |
AU762112B2 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2003-06-19 | Arc Genomic Research | Pluripotent embryonic stem cells and methods of obtaining them |
FR2834518A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-11 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | METHOD FOR NUCLEAR CLONING IN RABBITS AND USES |
US8846393B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 | 2014-09-30 | Gamida-Cell Ltd. | Methods of improving stem cell homing and engraftment |
US9149026B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2015-10-06 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Production of fertile XY animals from XY ES cells |
US9175266B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2015-11-03 | Gamida Cell Ltd. | Enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and activity |
US9499790B2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2016-11-22 | Kyoto University | Method for promoting differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiac muscle cells |
US9567569B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2017-02-14 | Gamida Cell Ltd. | Methods of culturing and expanding mesenchymal stem cells |
US9587220B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2017-03-07 | Kyoto University | Method for inducing cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cell |
US10047345B2 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2018-08-14 | Gamida-Cell Ltd. | Culturing of mesenchymal stem cells with FGF4 and nicotinamide |
US10196609B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2019-02-05 | Kyoto University | Composition for promoting cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cell comprising EGFR inhibitor |
US10233426B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2019-03-19 | Kyoto University | Method for inducing cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cell with low-molecular compounds |
US10793874B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2020-10-06 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods and compositions for targeted genetic modifications and methods of use |
US10893666B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2021-01-19 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Production of fertile XY female animals by silencing of genes on the Y chromosome |
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CA2782596A1 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-09 | National Cancer Center | Method for constructing chimeric rat using rat embryonic stem cells |
WO2011071118A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | Agent for promoting differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiac muscle cells which includes nitrovin |
EP2610249B1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2017-10-11 | Kyoto University | Pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte differentiation-promoting agent |
WO2015037706A1 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-19 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | Compound promoting differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes |
CA3017871A1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | Kyoto University | Method for freezing aggregates of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes |
CN109609446B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-11-03 | 广西大学 | Culture solution and method for isolated culture of rabbit embryonic stem cells |
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-
1997
- 1997-04-29 CN CN97194183A patent/CN1217746A/en active Pending
- 1997-04-29 AU AU28929/97A patent/AU2892997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-29 EP EP97922992A patent/EP0907722A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-04-29 CA CA002252524A patent/CA2252524A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-29 WO PCT/EP1997/002323 patent/WO1997041209A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-04-29 JP JP9538604A patent/JP2000508919A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
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Non-Patent Citations (6)
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GRAVES K.H. ET AL: "Derivation and characterization of putative pluripotential embryonic stem cells from preimplantation rabbit embryos", MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 36, 1993, pages 424 - 433, XP000645113 * |
SCHOONJANS L. ET AL: "Pluripotential rabbit embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of forming overt coat color chimeras following injection into blastocysts", MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 45, December 1996 (1996-12-01), pages 439 - 443, XP000645114 * |
STROJEK R.M. ET AL: "A method for cultivating morphologically undifferentiated embryonic stem cells from porcine blastocytes", THERIOGENOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 4, 1990, pages 901 - 913, XP002026375 * |
Cited By (31)
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US6271436B1 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 2001-08-07 | The Texas A & M University System | Cells and methods for the generation of transgenic pigs |
US6369294B1 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 2002-04-09 | Texas A&M University System | Methods comprising apoptosis inhibitors for the generation of transgenic pigs |
AU762112B2 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2003-06-19 | Arc Genomic Research | Pluripotent embryonic stem cells and methods of obtaining them |
WO1999027076A1 (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-03 | Arc Genomic Research | Pluripotent embryonic stem cells and methods of obtaining them |
US6238922B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-05-29 | Stemcells, Inc. | Use of collagenase in the preparation of neural stem cell cultures |
US7049141B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2006-05-23 | Stemcells California, Inc. | Use of collagenase in the preparation of neural stem cell cultures |
WO2001044441A1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-21 | Thermo Biostar, Inc. | Stabilizing diluent for polypeptides and antigens |
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US9080147B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2015-07-14 | Es Cell International Pte Ltd. | Culturing human embryonic stem cells with a noggin to generate cells lacking Pax-6 expression |
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US8846393B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 | 2014-09-30 | Gamida-Cell Ltd. | Methods of improving stem cell homing and engraftment |
US9885058B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2018-02-06 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Production of fertile XY female mice from XY mouse ES cells |
US9398762B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2016-07-26 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Production of fertile XY female animals from XY ES cells |
US9655351B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2017-05-23 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Production of fertile XY female animals from XY ES cells |
US9149026B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2015-10-06 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Production of fertile XY animals from XY ES cells |
US9499790B2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2016-11-22 | Kyoto University | Method for promoting differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiac muscle cells |
US9587220B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2017-03-07 | Kyoto University | Method for inducing cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cell |
US10047345B2 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2018-08-14 | Gamida-Cell Ltd. | Culturing of mesenchymal stem cells with FGF4 and nicotinamide |
US9175266B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2015-11-03 | Gamida Cell Ltd. | Enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and activity |
US9567569B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2017-02-14 | Gamida Cell Ltd. | Methods of culturing and expanding mesenchymal stem cells |
US10196609B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2019-02-05 | Kyoto University | Composition for promoting cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cell comprising EGFR inhibitor |
US10233426B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2019-03-19 | Kyoto University | Method for inducing cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cell with low-molecular compounds |
US10793874B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2020-10-06 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods and compositions for targeted genetic modifications and methods of use |
US10893666B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2021-01-19 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Production of fertile XY female animals by silencing of genes on the Y chromosome |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1217746A (en) | 1999-05-26 |
EP0907722A1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
AU2892997A (en) | 1997-11-19 |
JP2000508919A (en) | 2000-07-18 |
CA2252524A1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
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