WO1996026334A1 - Wooden beam - Google Patents

Wooden beam Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996026334A1
WO1996026334A1 PCT/FI1996/000103 FI9600103W WO9626334A1 WO 1996026334 A1 WO1996026334 A1 WO 1996026334A1 FI 9600103 W FI9600103 W FI 9600103W WO 9626334 A1 WO9626334 A1 WO 9626334A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strips
wooden beam
adjacent
grooved
strip
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1996/000103
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Matti Takala
Bengt Forssell
Original Assignee
Logg'ist Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Logg'ist Oy filed Critical Logg'ist Oy
Priority to AU47206/96A priority Critical patent/AU4720696A/en
Publication of WO1996026334A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996026334A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/14—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
    • B27M3/0053—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally using glue
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0066—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by tongue and groove or tap hole connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wooden beam, which consists of at least two strips glued to one another, the wooden beam thus comprising at least one board consisting of adjacently glued strips, each strip comprising a grooved surface facing an adjacent strip, the adjacent grooved surfaces being thus arranged to interlock, and the adjacent strips being interconnected by means of glue provided between the grooved surfaces.
  • DE publication 3 048 359 discloses a building unit manufactured of solid wood, which can be used especially in log building.
  • Such building units consist of superimposed beams, the facing surfaces of which are provided with toothing, the superimposed beams thus interlocking. Furthermore, the beams are glued together at the toothing.
  • such a building unit is not provided with any lateral support, the building units thus twisting and warping in the lateral direction for instance by the action of weather conditions. Especially when such beams are exposed to moisture and sunlight during the construction period before being mounted, they twist and change their shape.
  • the building unit is manufactured of quite large beams, the beams thus splitting when they dry.
  • the lateral walls of the building element are even, it is difficult to secure the building elements adjacently.
  • Use of the beams disclosed in the publication as vertical beams is not possible, either, since a very strong structure and lifelessness are required of vertical beams in order that supporting structures would function in an appropriate manner.
  • CH publication 578 661 discloses a wooden beam assembled by gluing lamellas together.
  • the lamellas are superimposed on one another, and grooves and correspondingly projections are provided between them in such a manner that the lamellas interlock against one another. Further, the lamellas are glued to one another.
  • This type of beam also twists and warps in the lateral direction due to environmental conditions. Furthermore, it is difficult to secure such a beam at its side for instance to another beam in a reliable manner.
  • the solution of the publication requires the use of expensive and applicable heartwood material, and also, the application of the solution by being able to produce beams of different thicknesses and widths, if necessary, is difficult or impossible.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wooden beam in which the disadvantages mentioned above have been obviated.
  • the wooden beam of the invention is characterized in that the wooden beam comprises at least two adjacent boards, each provided with a grooved surface against an adjacent board, the grooved surfaces being arranged to interlock and the boards being interconnected by means of glue provided between the grooved surfaces.
  • the wooden beam consists of several superimposed and adjacent strips glued to one another, at least those surfaces of the strips which are arranged against one another being provided with grooving or the like in such a manner that the strips interlock.
  • the idea of a preferred embodiment is that other surfaces of at least some strips than those arranged against other strips are also provided with grooving.
  • An advantage of the invention is that by gluing a wooden beam from several strips between which is provided grooving, a moisture-resistant wooden beam which will not twist and warp is achieved. Further, a very strong construction is achieved, and the wooden beam can be machined easily. Another advantage is that due to the small parts, the splitting of wood can be eliminated. Furthermore, if the edges of a wooden beam are provided with grooving, the wooden beams can be easily attached for instance adjacently to one another. Yet another advantage of the invention is that cut-to-size strips, i.e. strips of a particular basic size, can always be used for manufacturing the beam, the manufacturing of beams of different sizes and dimensions being thus simple and easy, no settings or adjustments made according to beam sizes being needed.
  • the material used in the beam of the invention may be cheap parts of wood usually used as chips or for some other secondary purpose and also knotty strips, since in a beam consisting of several strips a single strip does not have to fulfill as high requirements as normal beam material.
  • the material used can be for instance wood felled in connection with thinning in a forest, such wood being used only for chip production at the present.
  • Juvenile wood can also be used for manufacturing the beam of the invention, since the strong living of juvenile wood can be obviated with the solution of the invention. Accordingly, the manufacturing costs of the beam according to the invention can be maintained significantly lower than those of present-day beams without having to compromise over the strength properties or other properties of the beam in any manner.
  • Figures la - Id show schematically the stages of production of a wooden beam of the invention as seen from an end of the wooden beam
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a second wooden beam of the invention as seen from one of its ends
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a third wooden beam of the invention as seen from the side.
  • Figure la shows a strip la, which is machined to be essentially quadrangular.
  • the strip la is preferably in the shape of essentially a square or a rectangle.
  • a grooved surface 2 is machined in the strip la on two of its opposite sides according to Figure lb.
  • strips la - lc machined in a corresponding manner are glued together by applying glue to the grooved surfaces 2 between the strips and pressing the strips la - lc against one another, the grooved surfaces 2 interlocking against one another according to Figure lc .
  • the wooden beam 3 according to Figure Id is manufactured by making a grooved surface 2 to one side of two boards according to Figure lc, the grooved surface extending over the entire length of the side, and gluing these two boards at their grooved surfaces against each other.
  • the strips lc and If located in the corners of the wooden beam 3 are provided with a grooved surface 2 on each side of the strips lc and If.
  • Another corresponding wooden beam 3 may thus easily be connected to the end of the wooden beam 3 in two different directions.
  • the strips la - If of the wooden beam 3 are preferably arranged in such a manner that their joints in the transverse direction of the wooden beam 3 are not in alignment, whereby the wooden beam 3 is rendered more durable and steady.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the wooden beam 3 of the invention as seen from one of its ends.
  • the wooden beam 3 consists of strips la - li, which are provided with grooving 2 on each side. For the sake of clarity, only part of the grooved surfaces 2 are numbered in Figure 2.
  • the strips la - li are glued together in such a manner that their grooved surfaces 2 interlock against one another. Since all the surfaces of the strips la - li are grooved, the wooden beam 3 can be easily attached for instance to another corresponding wooden beam 3 for instance at its sides very easily and reliably.
  • the strips la - li may be either full edged or at least part of the strips la - li may be at least partly dull edged, such as the strip li of Figure 2, it being thus possible to also utilize strips otherwise going to waste or to secondary use.
  • Figure 3 shows a third wooden beam 3 of the invention as seen from the side.
  • the planed and grooved strips la - lc are positioned so that they interlock by connecting every other top end and butt end.
  • the possible conicalness of the strips la - lc is thus obviated, and the beam 3 will have the same diameter from one end to the other, as well as this can be achieved.
  • the conicalness of the strips la - lc is shown as emphasized for the sake of clarity.
  • the wooden beam 3 of the invention is particularly well suited for use for instance in construction industry, in load-bearing structures or visible parts, as components of furniture and carpentry industry, and everywhere that strength, lifelessness and weather-resistance are required of a structure.
  • the moisture-resistance of the wooden beam 3 is extremely good, and for instance holes or cavities can be machined in it. It can also be nailed without the structural properties of the wooden beam 3 essentially deteriorating.
  • the drawings and the description relating thereto are merely intended to illustrate the idea of the invention, and the invention may vary in its details within the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the grooved surface 2 may be of any shape, but preferably the grooving is serrated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Abstract

A wooden beam consisting of several superimposed and adjacent strips (1a-1i) glued together, grooved surfaces (2) being provided on those sides of the strips which are located against one another, the adjacent grooved surfaces (2) being thus arranged to interlock, and the adjacent strips (1a-1i) being interconnected by means of glue provided between the grooved surfaces (2). The wooden beam of the invention is moisture-resistant and will not twist and warp.

Description

Wooden beam
The present invention relates to a wooden beam, which consists of at least two strips glued to one another, the wooden beam thus comprising at least one board consisting of adjacently glued strips, each strip comprising a grooved surface facing an adjacent strip, the adjacent grooved surfaces being thus arranged to interlock, and the adjacent strips being interconnected by means of glue provided between the grooved surfaces.
DE publication 3 048 359 discloses a building unit manufactured of solid wood, which can be used especially in log building. Such building units consist of superimposed beams, the facing surfaces of which are provided with toothing, the superimposed beams thus interlocking. Furthermore, the beams are glued together at the toothing. However, such a building unit is not provided with any lateral support, the building units thus twisting and warping in the lateral direction for instance by the action of weather conditions. Especially when such beams are exposed to moisture and sunlight during the construction period before being mounted, they twist and change their shape. Further, the building unit is manufactured of quite large beams, the beams thus splitting when they dry. In addition, since the lateral walls of the building element are even, it is difficult to secure the building elements adjacently. Use of the beams disclosed in the publication as vertical beams is not possible, either, since a very strong structure and lifelessness are required of vertical beams in order that supporting structures would function in an appropriate manner.
CH publication 578 661 discloses a wooden beam assembled by gluing lamellas together. The lamellas are superimposed on one another, and grooves and correspondingly projections are provided between them in such a manner that the lamellas interlock against one another. Further, the lamellas are glued to one another. This type of beam also twists and warps in the lateral direction due to environmental conditions. Furthermore, it is difficult to secure such a beam at its side for instance to another beam in a reliable manner. In addition, the solution of the publication requires the use of expensive and applicable heartwood material, and also, the application of the solution by being able to produce beams of different thicknesses and widths, if necessary, is difficult or impossible.
The object of the present invention is to provide a wooden beam in which the disadvantages mentioned above have been obviated.
The wooden beam of the invention is characterized in that the wooden beam comprises at least two adjacent boards, each provided with a grooved surface against an adjacent board, the grooved surfaces being arranged to interlock and the boards being interconnected by means of glue provided between the grooved surfaces.
The essential idea of the invention is that the wooden beam consists of several superimposed and adjacent strips glued to one another, at least those surfaces of the strips which are arranged against one another being provided with grooving or the like in such a manner that the strips interlock. Furthermore, the idea of a preferred embodiment is that other surfaces of at least some strips than those arranged against other strips are also provided with grooving.
An advantage of the invention is that by gluing a wooden beam from several strips between which is provided grooving, a moisture-resistant wooden beam which will not twist and warp is achieved. Further, a very strong construction is achieved, and the wooden beam can be machined easily. Another advantage is that due to the small parts, the splitting of wood can be eliminated. Furthermore, if the edges of a wooden beam are provided with grooving, the wooden beams can be easily attached for instance adjacently to one another. Yet another advantage of the invention is that cut-to-size strips, i.e. strips of a particular basic size, can always be used for manufacturing the beam, the manufacturing of beams of different sizes and dimensions being thus simple and easy, no settings or adjustments made according to beam sizes being needed. In addition, the material used in the beam of the invention may be cheap parts of wood usually used as chips or for some other secondary purpose and also knotty strips, since in a beam consisting of several strips a single strip does not have to fulfill as high requirements as normal beam material. Also, the material used can be for instance wood felled in connection with thinning in a forest, such wood being used only for chip production at the present. Juvenile wood can also be used for manufacturing the beam of the invention, since the strong living of juvenile wood can be obviated with the solution of the invention. Accordingly, the manufacturing costs of the beam according to the invention can be maintained significantly lower than those of present-day beams without having to compromise over the strength properties or other properties of the beam in any manner.
The invention will be described in more detail in the appended drawing, in which
Figures la - Id show schematically the stages of production of a wooden beam of the invention as seen from an end of the wooden beam,
Figure 2 shows schematically a second wooden beam of the invention as seen from one of its ends, and
Figure 3 shows schematically a third wooden beam of the invention as seen from the side. Figure la shows a strip la, which is machined to be essentially quadrangular. The strip la is preferably in the shape of essentially a square or a rectangle. Thereafter, a grooved surface 2 is machined in the strip la on two of its opposite sides according to Figure lb. Next, strips la - lc machined in a corresponding manner are glued together by applying glue to the grooved surfaces 2 between the strips and pressing the strips la - lc against one another, the grooved surfaces 2 interlocking against one another according to Figure lc . The wooden beam 3 according to Figure Id is manufactured by making a grooved surface 2 to one side of two boards according to Figure lc, the grooved surface extending over the entire length of the side, and gluing these two boards at their grooved surfaces against each other. The strips lc and If located in the corners of the wooden beam 3 are provided with a grooved surface 2 on each side of the strips lc and If. Another corresponding wooden beam 3, for instance, may thus easily be connected to the end of the wooden beam 3 in two different directions. The strips la - If of the wooden beam 3 are preferably arranged in such a manner that their joints in the transverse direction of the wooden beam 3 are not in alignment, whereby the wooden beam 3 is rendered more durable and steady. Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the wooden beam 3 of the invention as seen from one of its ends. The wooden beam 3 consists of strips la - li, which are provided with grooving 2 on each side. For the sake of clarity, only part of the grooved surfaces 2 are numbered in Figure 2. The strips la - li are glued together in such a manner that their grooved surfaces 2 interlock against one another. Since all the surfaces of the strips la - li are grooved, the wooden beam 3 can be easily attached for instance to another corresponding wooden beam 3 for instance at its sides very easily and reliably. The strips la - li may be either full edged or at least part of the strips la - li may be at least partly dull edged, such as the strip li of Figure 2, it being thus possible to also utilize strips otherwise going to waste or to secondary use.
Figure 3 shows a third wooden beam 3 of the invention as seen from the side. The planed and grooved strips la - lc are positioned so that they interlock by connecting every other top end and butt end. The possible conicalness of the strips la - lc is thus obviated, and the beam 3 will have the same diameter from one end to the other, as well as this can be achieved. In Figure 3, the conicalness of the strips la - lc is shown as emphasized for the sake of clarity. The wooden beam 3 of the invention is particularly well suited for use for instance in construction industry, in load-bearing structures or visible parts, as components of furniture and carpentry industry, and everywhere that strength, lifelessness and weather-resistance are required of a structure. The moisture-resistance of the wooden beam 3 is extremely good, and for instance holes or cavities can be machined in it. It can also be nailed without the structural properties of the wooden beam 3 essentially deteriorating. The drawings and the description relating thereto are merely intended to illustrate the idea of the invention, and the invention may vary in its details within the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the grooved surface 2 may be of any shape, but preferably the grooving is serrated.

Claims

Claims
1. A wooden beam, which consists of at least two strips (la - li) glued to one another, the wooden beam (3) thus comprising at least one board consisting of adjacently glued strips (la - li) , each strip (la - li) comprising a grooved surface (2) facing an adjacent strip (la - li) , the adjacent grooved surfaces (2) being thus arranged to interlock, and the adjacent strips (la - li) being interconnected by means of glue provided between the grooved surfaces (2) , c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the wooden beam (3) comprises at least two adjacent boards, each provided with a grooved surface (2) against an adjacent board, the grooved surfaces (2) being arranged to interlock and the boards being interconnected by means of glue provided between the grooved surfaces (2) .
2. A wooden beam according to claim 1, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in that at least one strip (la - li) is also provided with a grooved surface (2) in a direction other than towards an adjacent strip (la - li) .
3. A wooden beam according to claim 2, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in that each side of the strips (la - li) is provided with grooving (2) .
4. A wooden beam according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the strips (la - li) are positioned adjacently in such a manner that the top ends and butt ends of adjacent strips (la - li) are joined.
5. A wooden beam according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that at least part of the strips (la - li) are at least partly dull edged.
PCT/FI1996/000103 1995-02-22 1996-02-21 Wooden beam WO1996026334A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU47206/96A AU4720696A (en) 1995-02-22 1996-02-21 Wooden beam

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FIU950100 1995-02-22
FI950100U FI1892U1 (en) 1995-02-22 1995-02-22 Traedbalk

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996026334A1 true WO1996026334A1 (en) 1996-08-29

Family

ID=8542226

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1996/000103 WO1996026334A1 (en) 1995-02-22 1996-02-21 Wooden beam

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4720696A (en)
FI (1) FI1892U1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996026334A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997044168A1 (en) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-27 Jetzer, Stefan Wooden blank, method of manufacturing it, and facility for implementing the method
EP1125701A1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-22 Ensio Kuisma Laminated timber element and a method for manufacturing the element
DE102006051316A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-08 Ernst Huber Wood glue binders has three parts, which include groove and flute milled outer part, glass fiber reinforced polyester layer inserted between groove and flute of two outer parts and center section milled on both sides of groove and flute
WO2015121886A1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-20 Castelli Settimio Modular structural system
CN110366625A (en) * 2017-02-27 2019-10-22 阿尔托海泰克有限公司 Wood composite device and method for manufacturing described device
JP2020530079A (en) * 2017-08-03 2020-10-15 レコ ラブス エスエー Architectural elements, including pre-pressed boards
CN111890509A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-11-06 徐州亮辉家具有限公司 Manufacturing process of double-layer bed
WO2021154748A3 (en) * 2020-01-27 2021-10-21 Miller Dowel Company Construction using bundled tube and threaded stepped dowels

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH578661A5 (en) * 1974-08-26 1976-08-13 Menig Wilhelm
DE2706900A1 (en) * 1976-02-24 1977-08-25 Statens Skogsind Ab PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING LAMELLA WOOD OR LAMELLA PROFILES
FR2457938A1 (en) * 1979-05-31 1980-12-26 Bossert & Roller Kg Large section composite wooden beams or pillars - are used as interior building furnishing and are made of small pieces of wood with interlocking teeth
DE3048359A1 (en) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-15 Lauri 44540 Soliskylä Vesterinen Solid wooden house wall section - comprises tiered beams with interlocking side serrations glued together
FR2572759A1 (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-09 Burger Raymond Laced timber beam, assembled by progressive compression between two surfaces, adhesive bonding and self-clamping
FI80115B (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-12-29 Veikko Ilmari Hepokorpi BALKARTAT BYGGNADSELEMENT OCH FOERFARANDE FOER DESS FRAMSTAELLNING.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH578661A5 (en) * 1974-08-26 1976-08-13 Menig Wilhelm
DE2706900A1 (en) * 1976-02-24 1977-08-25 Statens Skogsind Ab PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING LAMELLA WOOD OR LAMELLA PROFILES
FR2457938A1 (en) * 1979-05-31 1980-12-26 Bossert & Roller Kg Large section composite wooden beams or pillars - are used as interior building furnishing and are made of small pieces of wood with interlocking teeth
DE3048359A1 (en) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-15 Lauri 44540 Soliskylä Vesterinen Solid wooden house wall section - comprises tiered beams with interlocking side serrations glued together
FR2572759A1 (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-09 Burger Raymond Laced timber beam, assembled by progressive compression between two surfaces, adhesive bonding and self-clamping
FI80115B (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-12-29 Veikko Ilmari Hepokorpi BALKARTAT BYGGNADSELEMENT OCH FOERFARANDE FOER DESS FRAMSTAELLNING.

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997044168A1 (en) * 1996-05-17 1997-11-27 Jetzer, Stefan Wooden blank, method of manufacturing it, and facility for implementing the method
EP1125701A1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-22 Ensio Kuisma Laminated timber element and a method for manufacturing the element
DE102006051316A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-08 Ernst Huber Wood glue binders has three parts, which include groove and flute milled outer part, glass fiber reinforced polyester layer inserted between groove and flute of two outer parts and center section milled on both sides of groove and flute
WO2015121886A1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-20 Castelli Settimio Modular structural system
CN106030004A (en) * 2014-02-13 2016-10-12 塞蒂米奥·卡斯泰利 Modular structural system
US20200048906A1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2020-02-13 Aalto Haitek Oy Composite wood arrangement and method for manufacturing said arrangement
CN110366625A (en) * 2017-02-27 2019-10-22 阿尔托海泰克有限公司 Wood composite device and method for manufacturing described device
JP2020510143A (en) * 2017-02-27 2020-04-02 アールト・ハイテク・オサケユフティオＡａｌｔｏ Ｈａｉｔｅｋ Ｏｙ Composite wood structure and method for manufacturing the structure
JP2020530079A (en) * 2017-08-03 2020-10-15 レコ ラブス エスエー Architectural elements, including pre-pressed boards
WO2021154748A3 (en) * 2020-01-27 2021-10-21 Miller Dowel Company Construction using bundled tube and threaded stepped dowels
US11613885B2 (en) 2020-01-27 2023-03-28 Miller Dowel Company Construction using bundled tube and threaded stepped dowels
US11846096B2 (en) 2020-01-27 2023-12-19 Miller Dowel Company Construction using bundled tube and threaded stepped dowels
CN111890509A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-11-06 徐州亮辉家具有限公司 Manufacturing process of double-layer bed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FIU950100U0 (en) 1995-02-22
AU4720696A (en) 1996-09-11
FI1892U1 (en) 1995-05-09

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