WO1996015866A1 - Ceramic core for investment casting and method for preparation of the same - Google Patents

Ceramic core for investment casting and method for preparation of the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996015866A1
WO1996015866A1 PCT/EP1994/003854 EP9403854W WO9615866A1 WO 1996015866 A1 WO1996015866 A1 WO 1996015866A1 EP 9403854 W EP9403854 W EP 9403854W WO 9615866 A1 WO9615866 A1 WO 9615866A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
core
mix
refractory
acid
ceramic core
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1994/003854
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Véronique LAURENT
Bernard Bastide
Original Assignee
Pechiney Recherche (G.I.E.)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pechiney Recherche (G.I.E.) filed Critical Pechiney Recherche (G.I.E.)
Priority to PCT/EP1994/003854 priority Critical patent/WO1996015866A1/en
Publication of WO1996015866A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996015866A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to investment casting, and more particularly relates to an acid soluble core for use in investment casting procedures and to a method of preparation for such cores.
  • the investment cores comprise an organic vehicle such as a wax which can be extruded, pressed or injected into various shapes using mold dies.
  • the organic vehicle further includes dispersed therein refractory compounds as well as binders. Once the composition is molded into a desired shape for the eventual cast, the same is fired and cured. The subsequently fired core is then used in the investment casting process to hollow out a particular casting cavity.
  • the core composition is removed by various means such as water blasting chemical means via acid solution, as well as by autoclaving.
  • the prior art has indicated various solutions to dissolve cores, typical of which is evinced in U.S. Patent N° 4 922 991.
  • This reference teaches a composite core which includes a water soluble aggregation and an insoluble binder.
  • the aggregation comprises sucrose articles and the binder a phenolic resin.
  • This reference does not teach an acid soluble binder and further is deficient in terms of providing a high percentage core composition incorporating a nitride silicone compound or an aluminum nitride compound.
  • U.S. Patent n° 4 925492 sets forth a ceramic core composition in which the mix for the core includes sodium chloride, fused silica, zircon and temporary binders to facilitate moldability of the mix. Similar to the 4 922 991 reference, this document does not teach a mix having a high percentage of binder material to thereby permit rapid removal of the core from the casting subsequent to the firing procedure. In addition, the same does not provide an acid soluble binder.
  • U.S. 4 530 722 relates to a binder based refactory composition for use in various casting procedures. This reference is primarily directed to a binder and not specifically to a core composition. Accordingly, the reference does not contemplate nor teach a core mix having a high content of binder material .
  • a core for investment casting comprising: an alkaline earth borate acid soluble binder in an amount from between about 20% to about 50% by weight of said core ; and a refractory silicon containing filler in an amount from between about 50% to about 80% by weight of said core.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a refractory ceramic composition for use in the core which has a coefficient of thermal expansion approximately that of investment casting molds.
  • a further object of the present invention is to employ acides which provide rapid leaching time for the core.
  • the silicon refractory comprises silicon nitride and more particularly, Si-N * - Other related silicon compounds e.g. silicon carbide (SiC) may be employed in the present such as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • the results obtained by employing the silicon nitride have resulted in a core having outstanding mechanical properties when the refractory content is in the concentration ranges indicated.
  • the aluminum refractory comprise an aluminum nitride compound and more particularly, A1N.
  • the binder materials suitable for use in the present invention include the mineral binders, i.e. the alkaline earth binders. Particularly preferred minerals include both calcium and magnesium.
  • the mineral binders are very useful since removal from various alloy castings is readily achieved.
  • the preferred acids to solvate the binder include nitric, formic, sulfamic and acetic acids. Most desirably, nitric acid in a concentration of about 36% by volume is employed since the same provides a rapid leaching time thus expediting the overall process.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an acid soluble core for use in investment casting, comprising the steps of : providing a green mix comprising a minor mount of an acid soluble binder, a major amount of a period three nitride refractory compound and a suitable amount of carrier material ; extruding the mix into a desired core shape ; and heating the core shape to cure the mix.
  • additives to the core may be included such as calcium carbonate and/or starch.
  • Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the modulus of rupture as a function of sintering temperature for SMN, based cores and A1N based cores ;
  • Figure 2 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for SMN. based cores ;
  • Figure 3 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for A1N based cores ;
  • Figure 4 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for A1N based core in 34% nitric acid ;
  • Figure 5 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for an Si 3 - based core in 6.5% nitric acid ;
  • Figure 6 is a graphical representation of thermal expansion data over a variety of temperatures for different core mixes .
  • Figure 7 is a graphical representation of thermal expansion data comprising a binder doped core with a core without binder.
  • the core should have a modulus of rupture sufficiently high to withstand injection molding of the wax model ; ii) the core should include an open porous network with a void fraction of at least 20% in order to aid and expedite removal of the core ; iii) the strength should be sufficient to maintain the integrity of the core at high temperatures such as is encountered during sintering and casting * , iv) the core body should have a coefficient of thermal expansion which approximates that of investment casting molds *. and v) the core should be easily removable from the cast piece to thereby avoid undue production costs.
  • the present invention provides a core composition which meets and exceeds the above-described properties.
  • FIG 1 An illustration of the effectiveness of the core composition according to the present invention, is shown in figure 1.
  • the data tabulated in figure 1 was generated by the three point bending test using a bar shaped sample and as a standard ISO 3325.
  • the fired core containing either the silicon nitride or aluminum nitride refractory and having from 20% to 50% binder content provides the required mechanical strength over a variety of sintering temperatures.
  • the designer is free to choose binder/refractory concentration ranges to meet specific strength requirements.
  • the binder content can be as high as 50% of the core, removal of the core is greatly simplified thus obviating the more complex and expensive techniques presently used.
  • FIG. 2 graphically illustrates the leachability speed for a silicon nitride (Si,N bar having a volume of 1800 cm3 in nitric acid (34% v/v) and formic acid (10% v/v).
  • FIG 4 data are illustrated illustrating the effect of employing additives with the binder for leaching speed.
  • the additives used were 10% by weight starch and a 5% by weight concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO-).
  • the core compositions including the mineral binder employed in the present invention all provide a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to mold materials commonly used in investment casting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

There is disclosed a core mix and a method of fabricating the core for use in investment casting. The core composition comprises an acid soluble borate binder in a high percentage by weight of the composition. A refractory selected from period three nitride compounds is employed with the binder to impart strength to the core. The use of the combination of binder and refractory as disclosed herein provides a high strength core which is readily soluble by mild environmentally friendly acids.

Description

CERAMIC CORE FOR INVESTMENT CASTING AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF THE SAME
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to investment casting, and more particularly relates to an acid soluble core for use in investment casting procedures and to a method of preparation for such cores.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various forms of cores for use in investment casting have been proposed in the prior art. Generally speaking in the investment cores comprise an organic vehicle such as a wax which can be extruded, pressed or injected into various shapes using mold dies. The organic vehicle further includes dispersed therein refractory compounds as well as binders. Once the composition is molded into a desired shape for the eventual cast, the same is fired and cured. The subsequently fired core is then used in the investment casting process to hollow out a particular casting cavity.
The core composition is removed by various means such as water blasting chemical means via acid solution, as well as by autoclaving. The prior art has indicated various solutions to dissolve cores, typical of which is evinced in U.S. Patent N° 4 922 991. This reference teaches a composite core which includes a water soluble aggregation and an insoluble binder. The aggregation comprises sucrose articles and the binder a phenolic resin. This reference does not teach an acid soluble binder and further is deficient in terms of providing a high percentage core composition incorporating a nitride silicone compound or an aluminum nitride compound.
U.S. Patent n° 4 925492, sets forth a ceramic core composition in which the mix for the core includes sodium chloride, fused silica, zircon and temporary binders to facilitate moldability of the mix. Similar to the 4 922 991 reference, this document does not teach a mix having a high percentage of binder material to thereby permit rapid removal of the core from the casting subsequent to the firing procedure. In addition, the same does not provide an acid soluble binder.
U.S. 4 530 722, relates to a binder based refactory composition for use in various casting procedures. This reference is primarily directed to a binder and not specifically to a core composition. Accordingly, the reference does not contemplate nor teach a core mix having a high content of binder material .
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art in terms of providing an adequate mechanically stable core for investment casting procedure which permits rapid removal of the binder material from the core, there exist a need for improvements in core technology and as such, it is an object of the present invention to provide a core for investment casting comprising: an alkaline earth borate acid soluble binder in an amount from between about 20% to about 50% by weight of said core ; and a refractory silicon containing filler in an amount from between about 50% to about 80% by weight of said core.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a core which includes materials soluble with a mild and environmentally friendly acid.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a refractory ceramic composition for use in the core which has a coefficient of thermal expansion approximately that of investment casting molds.
A further object of the present invention is to employ acides which provide rapid leaching time for the core.
In a preferred form, the silicon refractory comprises silicon nitride and more particularly, Si-N*- Other related silicon compounds e.g. silicon carbide (SiC) may be employed in the present such as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The results obtained by employing the silicon nitride have resulted in a core having outstanding mechanical properties when the refractory content is in the concentration ranges indicated.
In terms of the aluminum compounds, it is preferred that the aluminum refractory comprise an aluminum nitride compound and more particularly, A1N.
The binder materials suitable for use in the present invention include the mineral binders, i.e. the alkaline earth binders. Particularly preferred minerals include both calcium and magnesium. The mineral binders are very useful since removal from various alloy castings is readily achieved.
The preferred acids to solvate the binder include nitric, formic, sulfamic and acetic acids. Most desirably, nitric acid in a concentration of about 36% by volume is employed since the same provides a rapid leaching time thus expediting the overall process.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an acid soluble core for use in investment casting, comprising the steps of : providing a green mix comprising a minor mount of an acid soluble binder, a major amount of a period three nitride refractory compound and a suitable amount of carrier material ; extruding the mix into a desired core shape ; and heating the core shape to cure the mix.
In order to further enhance the leach time, applicant has found that additives to the core may be included such as calcium carbonate and/or starch.
Although a core mix and core resulting therefrom for investment casting will specifically be addressed herein, it will be appreciate by those skilled in the art that routine parameter optimization will permit the invention to be applied to lost foam, dye and permanent mold applications.
Having thus generally described the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, illustrating preferred embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the modulus of rupture as a function of sintering temperature for SMN, based cores and A1N based cores ;
Figure 2 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for SMN. based cores ;
Figure 3 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for A1N based cores ;
Figure 4 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for A1N based core in 34% nitric acid ;
Figure 5 is a graphical representation of weight loss as a function of leaching time for an Si3 - based core in 6.5% nitric acid ;
Figure 6 is a graphical representation of thermal expansion data over a variety of temperatures for different core mixes ; and
Figure 7 is a graphical representation of thermal expansion data comprising a binder doped core with a core without binder.
Generally speaking, more desirable characteristics for the core include the following : i) the core should have a modulus of rupture sufficiently high to withstand injection molding of the wax model ; ii) the core should include an open porous network with a void fraction of at least 20% in order to aid and expedite removal of the core ; iii) the strength should be sufficient to maintain the integrity of the core at high temperatures such as is encountered during sintering and casting *, iv) the core body should have a coefficient of thermal expansion which approximates that of investment casting molds *. and v) the core should be easily removable from the cast piece to thereby avoid undue production costs.
The present invention provides a core composition which meets and exceeds the above-described properties.
It has been found that the use of acid soluble binders in combination with refractory fillers in a specified percentage results in a structurally sound core which does not leave any surface roughness on the cast piece.
An illustration of the effectiveness of the core composition according to the present invention, is shown in figure 1. The data tabulated in figure 1 was generated by the three point bending test using a bar shaped sample and as a standard ISO 3325.
As is illustrated, the fired core containing either the silicon nitride or aluminum nitride refractory and having from 20% to 50% binder content provides the required mechanical strength over a variety of sintering temperatures. As such, the designer is free to choose binder/refractory concentration ranges to meet specific strength requirements. In addition, since the binder content can be as high as 50% of the core, removal of the core is greatly simplified thus obviating the more complex and expensive techniques presently used.
Referring now to figures 2 through 5, data are shown depicting the efficacy of different types of acids for leaching time of the core.
For this data, a bar sample was immersed in a beaker of the acid. While immersed, contents of beaker was heated to 80°C and stirred. The weight loss expressed as a percentage was observed and the time for 100% weight loss recorded. Figure 2 graphically illustrates the leachability speed for a silicon nitride (Si,N bar having a volume of 1800 cm3 in nitric acid (34% v/v) and formic acid (10% v/v).
As is illustrated, a 100% binder weight loss was observed in approximately 80 minutes of leach time using nitric acid, while the same weight loss required approximately 85 minutes using formic acid.
With the above data as a preliminary experimental foundation, further data was generated using different acids for an examination on leaching speed for aluminum nitride loss. Figure 3 illustrates the findings.
As is clearly evident from figure 3, outstanding leaching speed was observed when nitric acid (34% v/v) was employed, a leaching time of approximately 14 minutes was observed. As a further benefit of the leaching speed, no chemical attack was observed on the casting.
Further acids which displayed ability for leaching were fumaric acid (10% v/v) at approximately 37 minutes, acetic acid 18% v/v at approximately 65 minutes, and sulfamic acid 10% v/v at approximately 69 minutes.
Turning to figure 4, data are illustrated illustrating the effect of employing additives with the binder for leaching speed. The additives used were 10% by weight starch and a 5% by weight concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO-). The binder for an aluminum nitride sample, with no additive in 35% v/v nitric acid required approximately 14 minutes to obtain 100% binder weight loss.
Use of the 10% starch compound resulted in the sample incurring a 100% binder weight loss in approximately 9 minutes. The calcium carbonate doped binder proved to provide exemplary results with 100% leachability in slightly over 6 minutes of exposure time.
Similar data was generated for the silica nitride based samples as illustrated in figure 5. The data illustrate that the use of starch by weight of the binder for a core containing silica hydrid has a rapid leach time (approximately 27 minutes) in a low concentration (6.5%) nitric acid.
The above data illustrate that a particularly effective core can be fabricated for investment casting which contains environmentally friendly binder compounds which are readily soluble in mild acids in relatively low concentrations.
Referring now to figure 6, shown are thermal expansion data for different core types over a variety of temperatures. As is illustrated, the core compositions including the mineral binder employed in the present invention all provide a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to mold materials commonly used in investment casting.
Further results to illustrate the usefulness of the binder - refractory core composition according to the present invention are illustrated in figure 7.
Although embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited thereto and it will be apparent to thoses killed in the art that numerous modifications form part of the present invention insofar as they do not depart from the spirit, nature and scope of the claimed and described invention.

Claims

1. A fired ceramic core for use in investment casting comprising : an alkaline earth borate acid soluble binder in an amount from between about 20% to about 50% by weight of said core ; and a refractory silicon containing filler in an amount from between about 50% to about 80% by weight of said core.
2. The ceramic core as defined in claim 1, wherein said refractory silicon filler is silicon nitride.
3. The ceramic core as defined in claim 1, wherein said borate compound comprises calcium borate.
4. The ceramic core as defined in claim 1, wherein said acid soluble binder comprises a magnesium borate.
5 5. A fired ceramic core for use in investment casting comprising : an alkaline earth borate acid soluble binder ; and a refractory aluminum containing filler in an amount from between about 50% to about 80% by weight of said core.
0 6. The ceramic core as defined in claim 5, wherein said refractory aluminum containing filler is an aluminum nitride compound.
7. The ceramic core as defined in claim 6, wherein said aluminum nitride compound is A1N. 5
8. The ceramic core as defined in claim 5, wherein said borate compound comprises calcium borate.
9. The ceramic core as defined in claim 5, wherein said acid soluble --1 binder comprises a magnesium borate.
10. A green mix for preparing a fired acid soluble ceramic core for investment casting comprising : an alkaline earth borate acid soluble binder in an amount from about 5 20% to about 50% by weight of said mix ; a refractory silicon or aluminum filler compound present in an amount from about 50% to about 80% by weight of said mix ; and a suitable amount of a carrier material.
11. The mix as defined in claim 10, wherein said refractory filler comprises a silicon containing refractory filler.
12. The mix as defined in claim 10, wherein said refractory filler comprises a aluminum containing refractory filler.
13. The mix as defined in claim 11, wherein said silicon containing refractory filler comprises SMN..
14. The mix as defined in claim 12, wherein said aluminum containing refractory filler comprises A1N.
15. The mix as defined in claim 10, wherein said acid soluble binder is soluble in an acid selected from the group comprising sulfamic acid, acetic acid, formic acid and nitric acid.
16. A method for preparing an acid soluble core for use in investment casting, comprising the steps of : providing a green mix comprising a minor amount of an acid soluble binder, a major amount of a period three nitride refractory compound and a suitable amount of carrier material; extruding said mix into a desired core shape ; and heating said core shape to cure said mix.
PCT/EP1994/003854 1994-11-21 1994-11-21 Ceramic core for investment casting and method for preparation of the same WO1996015866A1 (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2819205A1 (en) * 2001-01-05 2002-07-12 Renault Foundry core for production of hollow cast articles comprises mineral salts including potassium borates
CN104169177A (en) * 2012-03-15 2014-11-26 阿尔达制罐集团荷兰有限公司 Metal packaging with tubular part
US9579714B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-02-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US9968991B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US9987677B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-06-05 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10046389B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10099276B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10099283B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10099284B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having a catalyzed internal passage defined therein
US10118217B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-06 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10137499B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-27 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10150158B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-12-11 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10286450B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-05-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10335853B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-07-02 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US20210001399A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2021-01-07 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Commercial Scale Casting Process including Optimization via Multi-Fidelity Optimization
US10981883B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2021-04-20 BASF Agro B.V. Process for the preparation of substituted oxiranes and triazoles

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1934787A1 (en) * 1969-07-09 1971-01-14 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Salt core for foundry purposes
SU827453A1 (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-05-07 Латвийский Ордена Трудового Красногознамени Государственный Университетим. П.Стучки Binder
WO1994014555A1 (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-07-07 Borden (Uk) Limited Improvements in or relating to water dispersible moulds

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1934787A1 (en) * 1969-07-09 1971-01-14 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Salt core for foundry purposes
SU827453A1 (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-05-07 Латвийский Ордена Трудового Красногознамени Государственный Университетим. П.Стучки Binder
WO1994014555A1 (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-07-07 Borden (Uk) Limited Improvements in or relating to water dispersible moulds

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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 123, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 15994 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8208, Derwent World Patents Index; Class G04, AN 82-15360E *

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2819205A1 (en) * 2001-01-05 2002-07-12 Renault Foundry core for production of hollow cast articles comprises mineral salts including potassium borates
CN104169177A (en) * 2012-03-15 2014-11-26 阿尔达制罐集团荷兰有限公司 Metal packaging with tubular part
CN104169177B (en) * 2012-03-15 2016-11-23 阿尔达制罐集团荷兰有限公司 There is the metal packaging of tubular part
US10981883B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2021-04-20 BASF Agro B.V. Process for the preparation of substituted oxiranes and triazoles
US10099276B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10118217B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-06 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US9987677B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-06-05 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10046389B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US9968991B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US10099283B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10099284B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having a catalyzed internal passage defined therein
US9975176B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-22 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US10137499B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-27 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10150158B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-12-11 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US9579714B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-02-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US10335853B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-07-02 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10981221B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2021-04-20 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10286450B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-05-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US20210001399A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2021-01-07 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Commercial Scale Casting Process including Optimization via Multi-Fidelity Optimization

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