WO1995013156A1 - Continuously cast steel strip - Google Patents
Continuously cast steel strip Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995013156A1 WO1995013156A1 PCT/AU1994/000689 AU9400689W WO9513156A1 WO 1995013156 A1 WO1995013156 A1 WO 1995013156A1 AU 9400689 W AU9400689 W AU 9400689W WO 9513156 A1 WO9513156 A1 WO 9513156A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- coating
- casting
- caster
- nip
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D17/00—De-enamelling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/04—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by dry methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
- B21B45/06—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing of strip material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B9/00—Measures for carrying out rolling operations under special conditions, e.g. in vacuum or inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of work; Special measures for removing fumes from rolling mills
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of steel strip by continuous casting. It has particular application to the production of steel strip by twin roll casting but may also be applied to production by other continuous strip casting techniques such as by a single roll caster.
- molten metal is introduced between a pair of contra-rotated chilled casting rolls so as to form a casting pool of molten metal above the nip between the rolls.
- Metal shells solidify on the moving roll surfaces and are brought together at the nip between them to produce a solidified strip product at the outlet from the roll nip.
- the term "nip" is used herein to refer to the general region at which the rolls are closest together.
- the molten metal may be introduced into the nip between the rolls via a tundish and a metal delivery nozzle located beneath the tundish so as to receive a flow of metal from the tundish and to direct it into the nip between the rolls.
- twin roll casting has been applied with some success to non-ferrous metals which solidify rapidly on cooling, there have been problems in applying the technique to the casting of ferrous metals. Some of these problems have been addressed by the inventions disclosed in our previous Australian Patent Specifications 631728, 634896, 634429 and 645296. These developments have permitted steel strip to be cast continuously without breakages and without major structural defects.
- twin roll casters produce strip at very high temperatures, typically in excess of 1300°C, and it is found that oxidation of the strip to form surface scale is a significant problem. About 2% of the cast metal can be lost to scale. Moreover, the strip frequently exhibits a tenacious oxide layer which is difficult and expensive to remove prior to further processing of the strip.
- the present invention it is possible to minimise the formation of scale.
- the invention also enables very effective descaling of the strip when it has cooled to temperatures at which further scaling is not a significant problem.
- DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION there is provided method of producing steel strip, comprising continuously casting a solidified strip product from a casting pool of molten steel in a continuous strip caster and treating the solidified strip as it comes from the caster and while it is in line with the caster by
- the coating is applied to the strip in the region where it exits the caster.
- the coating material may be applied in the form of a powder which melts/flows on application of heat from the strip.
- the coating material may be an oxygen containing glassy material, for example a vitreous enamel.
- the coating is applied to the strip when its temperature is in excess of 1100°C, and more preferably when it is above 1300°C.
- the coating material has a melting/softening point in the range 600°C to 1400°C.
- the coating material has a viscosity of less than 1000 Pa.s at the temperature of the strip to which it is applied. More particularly, it is preferred that the viscosity of the coating material be less than 100 Pa.s under those conditions.
- the hot coated strip may be subjected to working so as to alter its size and/or shape prior to removal of the coating.
- the invention further provides apparatus for producing steel strip, comprising a continuous caster for continuously casting a solidified strip product from a casting pool of molten steel; a coating applicator operable to apply to the hot steel strip as it is delivered from the continuous caster an oxidation protective coating; and coating removal means to remove the coating from the strip while it is in line with the continuous caster and comprising cooling means to cool the coating whereby to cause it to solidify and fracture.
- the continuous caster may be a twin roll caster and the hot apparatus may further include rolling means to roll the coated hot strip prior to removal of the coating. More specifically the invention provides apparatus for producing steel strip comprising a pair of casting rolls forming a nip between them; a metal delivery nozzle disposed above the nip to deliver molten steel into the nip to create a casting pool of molten steel supported on the casting surfaces of the rolls immediately above the nip; roll drive means to contra-rotate the rolls so as to deliver a solidified hot metal strip downwardly from the nip; a coating applicator operable to apply to the hot metal strip as it is delivered from the nip between the casting rolls an oxidation protective coating of a glassy material which is fluid at the application temperature; strip rolling means operable to roll the coated hot strip so as to reduce its thickness; and coating removal means to remove the coating from the reduced strip which removal means includes cooling means to cool the strip to cause it to solidify and fracture.
- the coating removal means may also comprise mechanical means to assist in the fracture and removal of the coating.
- Tests carried out on coating rigs which simulate the conditions in the twin roll casting of steel strip have shown that coherent protective coatings of borosilicate glassy material can be applied to steel strip at temperatures of the order of 1300°C to 1350°C either by immersing the hot strip in a fluidised bed of the coating powder or by directly spraying the powder onto the strip.
- hot rolling tests on the coated strips have shown that the coating remains effective throughout hot rolling and provides the additional benefit of reducing rolling mill loads due to the high degree of lubrication provided by the glass coating.
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate experimental apparatus for applying coatings to metal samples under conditions simulating those in a twin roll caster for casting steel strip;
- FIG. 3 illustrates diagrammatically a twin roll caster and hot rolling mill constructed in accordance with the invention
- Figure 4 is a side elevation of the strip caster
- Figure 5 is a vertical cross-section on the line 5-5 in Figure 4;
- Figure 6 is a vertical cross-section on the line 6-6 in Figure 4;
- Figure 7 is a vertical cross-section on the line 7-7 in Figure 4;
- Figure 8 is a cross-section on the line 8-8 in Figure 4; and Figures 9 to 13 show the cross-section and a series of elemental x-ray maps of a cross-section of a piece of glass coating detached from a steel surface.
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate coating rigs in which steel strip specimens can be coated with glass enamel coatings under conditions simulating those in a twin roll strip caster.
- the rig shown in Figure 1 comprises an infra-red imaging furnace 11 having a gas inlet 12 and a gas outlet 13 whereby the furnace can be charged with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- a steel strip specimen 14 is mounted on the end a pneumatic cylinder unit 15 whereby it can be held within the furnace so as to be heated up to temperature within the inert atmosphere within the furnace and then moved out of the furnace to positions above or below the furnace.
- the temperature of the steel strip is monitored by a thermocouple 16.
- a chamber 17 is located directly beneath the furnace and can be opened to the interior of the furnace by operation of a sliding gate valve 18. Chamber 17 is provided with a gas inlet 19 and a gas outlet 20 whereby it can be charged with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- a vessel 22 to receive the enamel coating powder under test.
- a gas permeable diaphragm forms an effective floor for vessel 22 and enables the powder in the vessel to be fluidised by supply of an inert gas such as nitrogen through an inlet 24 into a chamber 25 in the bottom of vessel 22 whence the gas passes up through the permeable diaphragm 23 into the powder.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- sliding gate valve 18 is operated and the strip is lowered by operation of pneumatic cylinder unit 15 so that it enters into the fluidised bed of coating powder in vessel 22 at a controlled speed chosen to simulate the conditions of a strip steel caster. The strip is then withdrawn outside the assembly and allowed to cool to room temperature.
- FIG. 2 The apparatus illustrated in Figure 2 is the same as that illustrated in Figure 1 except that the vessel for holding a fluidised bed of powder has been removed and chamber 17 is instead fitted with a dry powder spray gun 31 (conventional or electrostatic) which is operable to spray a stream of powder 32 directly onto the test strip as it is advanced into the chamber.
- a dry powder spray gun 31 conventional or electrostatic
- Powder particle size (particle diameter) 2 to 150 ⁇ m (mean about 40 ⁇ m)
- the powders were applied to the hot specimen by either dipping into a fluidised bed as shown in Figure 1 or by electrostatic spraying as shown in Figure 2 at speeds chosen to simulate the conditions of a steel strip caster.
- the atmosphere of the lower chamber and the fluidised bed or the powder spray system was high purity N 2 for some of the tests and air for others.
- Test 1 The specimen was heated in N 2 to 1300°C to 1350°C and then driven into a fluidised bed of glass powder in N 2 for about
- the coating remained on the specimen during cooling but began to flake off at a temperature of about 120°C to 150°C, revealing a scale free shiny surface underneath.
- the coating thickness was 70 to
- the specimen heated in N 2 to 1300°C to 1350°C and retracted into air (above furnace) for 0.3 s to allow some oxidation.
- Test 5 As in test 3, but the specimen retracted into air for 10 s for pre-oxidation before coating in the fluidised bed
- Tests 3, 4 and 5 confirm that the coating adheres to a hot pre-oxidised surface and retards further oxidation during cooling to room temperature. Furthermore, on peeling from the steel, it pulls the scale from the steel surface and essentially de-scales the steel. This is confirmed by referring to Figures 9 to 13 which comprise elemental maps carried out using the x-ray analysis facilities of a scanning electron microscope on a piece of glass which flaked off from the steel surface upon cooling to room temperature.
- FIG 9 shows the cross-section of the detached piece and the elemental maps of Figures 10 to 13 indicat glass containing Si, Na and Al on the outermost (c) with the inner most part of the section (a) being mainly iron (ie the iron oxide which the glass pulled off) and a reaction zone in between where the glass has reacted with the scale (b) .
- Tests using spray coating arrangement Figure 2
- Powders PC53, silica and EXP.l to EXP.4 were tested using the experimental set up of Figure 2, with the coating chamber purged with N 2 .
- a summary of the test results is given in Table 2. The results indicate that for all the powders tested, those with a viscosity at the application temperature (1350°C) in the range 0.4 - 250 Pa.s, protected the steel if they were applied in sufficient quantity (coating thickness of about 100 ⁇ m or more) .
- Powder EXP.3 with a viscosity of 20 Pa.s at 1350°C gave the best performance in that it protected the steel when applied at a thickness as low as 30 to 70 ⁇ m.
- F Fail (steel totally or significantly oxidised) .
- the glass powder was applied to a ground or sand blasted strip surface by electrostatic spraying at room temperature.
- the coated strip was then placed inside a furnace operating at 1250°C for -about five minutes after which it was removed and hot rolled in 1 pass at 900°C to 1100°C, followed by either air cooling or water quenching to room temperature.
- the mill settings were kept constant for all the tests with a roll separation of 1 mm for tests 1 to 15 and zero for tests 16 to 18 (Table 3).
- Optical pyrometers at mill entry and exit monitored the strip temperature.
- the strip temperature was recorded from thermocouples embedded in the specimen.
- Three different strip sizes and two different steel grades F 08 and A06 were used.
- Borosilicate glass can be tailored to provide an appropriate combination of particle size, low melting/softening point, sufficient but not excessive lubrication, viscosity and wettability, depending on the particular casting and working conditions.
- an appropriate borosilicate glass may have the composition: Na 2 0 - 6.6% K 2 0 - 1.3% CaO - 14.2% B •" 2,0 * - * 3, - 14.4% •
- the invention may employ a coating material other than a borosilicate glass.
- a coating material other than a borosilicate glass.
- Other glassy materials may be employed.
- the main criteria is that the coating should provide oxidation resistance. It will therefore usually contain oxygen, it should preferably have a melting/softening point above 600°C and it must have appropriate viscosity and wettability in the working temperature range for the particular application.
- the viscosity at the application temperature should be less than 1000 Pa.s and preferably less than 100 Pa.s.
- FIG 3 illustrates application of the invention to the production of steel strip from a twin roll caster and the hot rolling of the steel strip as it comes from the caster.
- the caster which is denoted generally as 40 may be constructed and operated in the manner illustrated in Figures 4 to 7.
- This caster comprises a main machine frame 111 which stands up from the factory floor 112.
- Frame 111 supports a casting roller carriage 113 which is horizontally movable between an assembly station 114 and a casting station 115.
- Carriage 113 carries a pair of parallel casting rollers 116 to which molten metal is supplied during a casting operation from a ladle 117 via a tundish 118 and delivery nozzle 119.
- Casting rollers 116 are water cooled so that shells solidify on the moving roller surfaces and are brought together at the nip between them to produce a solidified strip product 120 at the roller outlet.
- a receptacle 123 is mounted on the machine frame adjacent the casting station and molten metal can be diverted into this receptacle via an overflow spout 124 on the tundish or by withdrawal of an emergency plug 125 at one side of the tundish if there is a severe malformation of product or other severe malfunction during a casting operation.
- Roller carriage 113 comprises a carriage frame 131 mounted by wheels 132 on rails 133 extending along part of the main machine frame 111 whereby roller carriage 113 as a whole is mounted for movement along the rails 133.
- Carriage frame 131 carries a pair of roller cradles 134 in which the rollers 116 are rotatably mounted.
- Roller cradles 134 are mounted on the carriage frame 131 by interengaging complementary slide members 135, 136 to allow the cradles to be moved on the carriage under the influence of hydraulic cylinder units 137, 138 to adjust the nip between the casting rollers 116 and to enable the rollers to be rapidly moved apart for a short time interval when it is required to form a transverse line of weakness across the strip as will be explained in more detail below.
- the carriage is movable as a whole along the rails 133 by actuation of a double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder unit 139, connected between a drive bracket 140 on the roller carriage and the main machine frame so as to be actuable to move the roller carriage between the assembly station 114 and casting station 115 and vice versa.
- Casting rollers 116 are contra rotated through drive shafts 141 from an electric motor and transmission mounted on carriage frame 131.
- Rollers 116 have copper peripheral walls formed with a series of longitudinally extending and circumferentially spaced water cooling passages supplied with cooling water through the roller ends from water supply ducts in the roller drive shafts 141 which are connected to water supply hoses 142 through rotary glands 143.
- the roller may typically be about 500 mm diameter and up to 1300 mm long in order to produce 1300 mm wide strip product.
- Ladle 117 is of entirely conventional construction and is supported via a yoke 145 on an overhead crane whence it can be brought into position from a hot metal receiving station.
- the ladle is fitted with a stopper rod 146 actuable by a servo cylinder to allow molten metal to flow from the ladle through an outlet nozzle 147 and refractory shroud 148 into tundish 118.
- Tundish 118 is also of conventional construction.
- tundish It is formed as a wide dish made of a refractory material such as magnesium oxide (MgO) .
- a refractory material such as magnesium oxide (MgO) .
- One side of the tundish receives molten metal from the ladle and is provided with the aforesaid overflow 124 and emergency plug 125.
- the other side of the tundish is provided with a series of longitudinally spaced metal outlet openings 152.
- the lower part of the tundish carries mounting brackets 153 for mounting the tundish onto the roller carriage frame 131 and provided with apertures to receive indexing pegs 154 on the carriage frame so as to accurately locate the tundish.
- Delivery nozzle 119 is formed as an elongate body made of a refractory material such as alumina graphite. Its lower part is tapered so as to converge inwardly and downwardly so that it can project into the nip between casting rollers 116. It is provided with a mounting bracket 160 whereby to support it on the roller carriage frame and its upper part is formed with outwardly projecting side flanges 155 which locate on the mounting bracket.
- Nozzle 119 may have a series of horizontally spaced generally vertically extending flow passages to produce a suitably low velocity discharge of metal throughout the width of the rollers and to deliver the molten metal into the nip between the rollers without direct impingement on the roller surfaces at which initial solidification occurs. Alternatively, the nozzle may have a single continuous slot outlet to deliver a low velocity curtain of molten metal directly into the nip between the rollers and/or it may be immersed in the molten metal pool.
- the pool is confined at the ends of the rollers by a pair of side closure plates 156 which are held against stepped ends 157 of the rollers when the roller carriage is at the casting station.
- Side closure plates 156 are made of a strong refractory material, for example boron nitride, and have scalloped side edges 181 to match the curvature of the stepped ends 157 of the rollers.
- the side plates can be mounted in plate holders 182 which are movable at the casting station by actuation of a pair of hydraulic cylinder units 183 to bring the side plates into engagement with the stepped ends of the casting rollers to form end closures for the molten pool of metal formed on the casting rollers during a casting operation.
- the ladle stopper rod 146 is actuated to allow molten metal to pour from the ladle to the tundish through the metal delivery nozzle whence it flows to the casting rollers.
- the hot strip product 120 passes through a coating unit 201 which may comprise a pair of powder spray guns or a fluidised chamber for coating powder onto the hot metal surface.
- the coating process may be carried out in a protective atmosphere, such as a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the coating powder melts/flows to form a viscous coating and the coated hot strip is then passed through a pair of pinch rolls 202 and a hot rolling mill 203 which works the hot metal so as to reduce its thickness.
- the coated metal strip After passing through the hot rolling mill 203 the coated metal strip is quenched by passing through a cooler 204 in which it is subjected to water sprays. Cooling of the coating causes it to solidify and fracture. Coating fragments accordingly peel from the strip in passing through the cooler and are separated from the water circulation system through filtration for re-use after recycling.
- the strip After removal of the coating, the strip passes through a further pair of pinch rolls 205 onto a coiler 206.
- the strip so produced is either bright strip or strip with a very thin layer of scale. It therefore may not need any further de-scaling or pickling prior to further processing. Indeed the strip may be passed immediately onto further processing apparatus for in line processing, for example coating of the hot rolled product.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95900018A EP0728052A4 (en) | 1993-11-11 | 1994-11-10 | Continuously cast steel strip |
JP7513489A JPH09504830A (en) | 1993-11-11 | 1994-11-10 | Continuous cast steel strip |
KR1019960702480A KR960705646A (en) | 1993-11-11 | 1994-11-10 | Continuous cast steel strip |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPM235293 | 1993-11-11 | ||
AUPM2352 | 1993-11-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995013156A1 true WO1995013156A1 (en) | 1995-05-18 |
Family
ID=3777344
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU1994/000689 WO1995013156A1 (en) | 1993-11-11 | 1994-11-10 | Continuously cast steel strip |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0728052A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09504830A (en) |
KR (1) | KR960705646A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995013156A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6907915B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2005-06-21 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh & Co. | Method and installation for producing a metal strip |
WO2010136123A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Electrostatic coating method |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2855992B1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2005-12-16 | Usinor | METHOD AND INSTALLATION OF DIRECT CONTINUOUS CASTING OF A METAL STRIP |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60247446A (en) * | 1984-05-22 | 1985-12-07 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method and equipment for producing rapidly cooled thin strip |
JPH0790246B2 (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1995-10-04 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Direct slab rolling method |
-
1994
- 1994-11-10 WO PCT/AU1994/000689 patent/WO1995013156A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-10 JP JP7513489A patent/JPH09504830A/en active Pending
- 1994-11-10 EP EP95900018A patent/EP0728052A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-11-10 KR KR1019960702480A patent/KR960705646A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 24072 Y/14, Classes L01, M12, P43, P51; & JP,A,52 022 527 (NIPPON STEEL CORP), 19 February 1977. * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, C-530, page 136; & JP,A,63 111 183 (NIPPON FUEROO K.K.), 16 May 1988. * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, M-671, page 75; & JP,A,62 207 545 (SHINWA TEC K.K.), 11 September 1987. * |
See also references of EP0728052A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6907915B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2005-06-21 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh & Co. | Method and installation for producing a metal strip |
WO2010136123A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Electrostatic coating method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR960705646A (en) | 1996-11-08 |
EP0728052A1 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
JPH09504830A (en) | 1997-05-13 |
EP0728052A4 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
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