WO1994017366B1 - Active multipoint fiber laser sensor - Google Patents
Active multipoint fiber laser sensorInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994017366B1 WO1994017366B1 PCT/US1994/000967 US9400967W WO9417366B1 WO 1994017366 B1 WO1994017366 B1 WO 1994017366B1 US 9400967 W US9400967 W US 9400967W WO 9417366 B1 WO9417366 B1 WO 9417366B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- laser sensor
- lasers
- waveguide
- lasing
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 claims 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Abstract
A remote active multipoint fiber laser sensor includes a plurality of fiber lasers (12, 14, 16), each having a pair of Bragg gratings (18, 20), embedded in a fiber (10) and excited by a common pump light (30). The lasers (12, 14, 16) lase at different longitudinal modes (lasing wavelengths) and emit light (32, 34, 36), at their respective wavelengths (μ1, μ2, μn). The lasing wavelength of each laser shifts due to perturbations, such as strain or temperature, applied thereto. The output light (32, 34, 36) is fed to a spectrum analyzer (50) where the wavelength shift is analyzed. A signal processor (54) reads the wavelength shift and provides a signal on lines (56) indicative of the perturbation at each of the lasers/sensors (12-16). Alternatively, a single laser may be used as a single sensor. Alternatively, birefringent fiber may be used as the fiber cavities (21) and the two polarizations are beat together to form a lower difference or ''beat'' frequency, thereby allowing lower frequency detection devices to be used.
Claims
[leceived by the International Bureau on 19 July 1994 ( 19.07.94); original claim 22 cancelled; claims 3, 7, 13 and 16 amended; original claims 23 and 24 unchanged but renumbererd as claims 22 and 23; claims 25-40 amended and renumbered as claims 24-40; other claims unchanged (8 pages)] 3. The laser sensor of claim 2, further comprising an additional gain medium disposed between said pump light source and said lasers.
4. The laser sensor of claim 1, further comprising analyzing means, responsive to said output light from said plurality of said lasers, for providing an output signal indicative of said perturbation in said optical waveguide.
5. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein each of said lasers comprises one narrow band and one broadband grating.
6. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said output light is detected at the same end of said waveguide as said pump light is injected.
7. The laser sensor of claim 1, further comprising an additional gain medium disposed between said lasers.
8. The laser sensor of claim 1 , wherein said waveguide is an optical fiber.
9. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said gratings comprise Bragg gratings.
10. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said perturbation is a strain on said waveguide.
11. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said perturbation is a temperature change in said waveguide.
37
12. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein at least one of said lasers operates in a single longitudinal mode.
13. The laser sensor of claim 1, wherein at least one of said lasers operates in a plurality of longitudinal modes.
14. A remote active laser temperature sensor, comprising: an optical waveguide for receiving and propagating a pump light of a predetermined wavelength launched into said optical waveguide; at least one laser, disposed along said waveguide, being pumped by said pump light, at least a portion of said laser sensing a temperature change in said optical waveguide, having a lasing wavelength, emitting an output light at said lasing wavelength, and said lasing wavelength being related to the magnitude of said temperature change; and said laser having a pair of reflective gratings and having a gain medium therebetween, at least one of said gratings being reflective over a narrow wavelength band which includes said lasing wave1ength.
15. The laser sensor of claim 14, further comprising a pump light source, for launching said pump light of a predetermined wavelength into said optical waveguide.
38
16. The laser sensor of claim 14, further comprising analyzing means, responsive to said output light from said laser, for providing an output signal indicative of said temperature change in said optical waveguide.
17. The laser sensor of claim 14, wherein said laser comprises one narrow band and one broadband grating.
18. The laser sensor of claim 14, wherein said output light is detected at the same end of said waveguide as said pump light is injected.
19. The laser sensor of claim 14, further comprising an amplifying medium disposed between said pump light source and said laser.
20. The laser sensor of claim 14, wherein said waveguide is an optical fiber.
21. The laser sensor of claim 14, wherein said gratings comprise Bragg gratings.
22. The laser sensor of claim 14, wherein said laser operates in a single longitudinal mode.
23. The laser sensor of claim 14, wherein said laser operates in a plurality of longitudinal modes.
24. An active laser perturbation sensor, comprising: an optical waveguide for receiving and propagating a pump light of a predetermined
wavelength launched into said optical waveguide; at least one laser, disposed along said waveguide, being pumped by said pump light, at least a portion of said laser being exposed to a perturbation; said at least one laser having a laser cavity with a predetermined birefringence, having a first lasing frequency along a first polarization axis and a second lasing frequency along a second polarization axis, emitting an output light having frequencies at said first and said second lasing frequencies; a difference frequency between said first and second lasing frequencies being related to the magnitude of said birefringence and said birefringence varying in response to said perturbation; combining means for combining said first and said second polarizations of said output light onto a common polarization as a commonly polarized output light; detector means for providing an electrical signal, indicative of said commonly polarized output light, having a frequency component related to said difference frequency between said first and said second lasing frequencies, said difference frequency varying in response to said perturbation; said laser having a pair of reflective elements on opposite ends of said laser cavity and having a gain medium therebetween; an elongated core along which light propagates along; and a sensitive material disposed near said core, said sensitive material having an index of
refraction that changes due to exposure to a predetermined chemical, thereby causing a change in fiber birefringence and said difference frequency.
25. An active laser perturbation sensor, comprising: an optical waveguide for receiving and propagating a pump light of a predetermined wavelength launched into said optical waveguide; a plurality of lasers, disposed successively along said waveguide, each being pumped by said pump light, at least a portion of at least one of said lasers being exposed to a perturbation; at least one of said lasers having a laser cavity with a predetermined birefringence, having a first lasing frequency along a first polarization axis and a second lasing frequency along a second polarization axis, emitting an output light having frequencies at said first and said second lasing frequencies; a difference frequency between said first and second lasing frequencies being related to the magnitude of said birefringence and said birefringence varying in response to said perturbation; combining means for combining said first and said second polarizations of said output light onto a common polarization as a commonly polarized output light; detector means for providing an electrical signal, indicative of said commonly polarized output light, having a frequency component related to said difference frequency between said first and said second lasing frequencies, said
41
74 difference frequency varying in response to said
75 perturbation;
76 each of said lasers having a pair of
77 reflective elements on opposite ends of said laser
78 cavity and having a gain medium therebetween, and
79 each of said reflective elements having a
80 reflective wavelength spectrum; and
81 said lasing wavelength of each of said lasers
82 being spaced such that there is minimal overlap
83 between the reflective wavelength spectrums of
84 said reflective elements from different ones of
85 said lasers over the range of the magnitude of
86 said perturbation being sensed.
1 26. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said
2 reflective elements comprise reflective gratings,
3 at least one of said gratings being reflective
4 over a narrow frequency band which includes said
5 lasing frequencies.
1 27. The laser sensor of claim 26, wherein at
2 least one of said lasers comprises one narrow band
3 and one broadband grating.
1 28. The laser sensor of claim 26, wherein at
2 least one of said gratings comprise Bragg
3 gratings.
1 29. The laser sensor of claim 25, further
2 comprising a pump light source, for launching said
3 pump light into said optical waveguide.
1 30. The laser sensor of claim 25, further
2 comprising wavelength demultiplexing means,
3 responsive to said output light from said
42
AMENDED SHEET {ARTICLE 19)
plurality of lasers, for providing a plurality of output signals each indicative of said lasing wavelength of a corresponding one of said lasers.
31. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said output light is detected at the same end of said waveguide as said pump light is injected.
32. The laser sensor of claim 25, further comprising an amplifying medium disposed between said pump light source and said plurality of lasers.
33. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said waveguide is an optical fiber.
34. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said perturbation is a strain on said waveguide.
35. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein at least one of said lasers operates in a single longitudinal mode.
36. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein at least one of said lasers operates in a plurality longitudinal modes.
37. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said laser cavity comprises: an elongated core along which light propagates along; and a sensitive material disposed near said core, said sensitive material having an index of refraction that changes due to exposure to a predetermined chemical, thereby causing a change in fiber birefringence and said difference
43
in fiber birefringence and said difference frequency.
38. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said laser cavity comprises: an elongated core along which light propagates along; and a sensitive material disposed near said core, said sensitive material having a thickness that changes due to exposure to a predetermined chemical, thereby causing a change in fiber birefringence and said difference frequency.
39. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said laser cavity comprises: an optical waveguide having non-degenerate polarization modes; and a sensitive material disposed near said waveguide, said sensitive material having an index of refraction that changes due to exposure to a predetermined chemical, thereby causing a change in fiber birefringence and said difference frequency.
40. The laser sensor of claim 25, wherein said laser cavity comprises: an optical waveguide having non-degenerate polarization modes; and a sensitive material disposed near said waveguide, said sensitive material having a thickness that changes due to exposure to a predetermined chemical, thereby causing a change in fiber birefringence and said difference frequency.
44
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94907899A EP0681681B1 (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-01-26 | Active multipoint fiber laser sensor |
DE69410595T DE69410595T2 (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-01-26 | ACTIVE LASER OPTICAL MULTI-POINT LASER SENSOR |
JP51731894A JP3462212B2 (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-01-26 | Active multipoint fiber laser sensor |
DK94907899T DK0681681T3 (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-01-26 | Active, multi-point fiber laser sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1144093A | 1993-01-29 | 1993-01-29 | |
US011,440 | 1993-01-29 | ||
US069,231 | 1993-05-28 | ||
US08/069,231 US5513913A (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1993-05-28 | Active multipoint fiber laser sensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994017366A1 WO1994017366A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
WO1994017366B1 true WO1994017366B1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
Family
ID=26682390
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/000967 WO1994017366A1 (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1994-01-26 | Active multipoint fiber laser sensor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5513913A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0681681B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3462212B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69410595T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0681681T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994017366A1 (en) |
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