WO1994009317A1 - Fuel injection nozzle for burner - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzle for burner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994009317A1
WO1994009317A1 PCT/GB1993/002142 GB9302142W WO9409317A1 WO 1994009317 A1 WO1994009317 A1 WO 1994009317A1 GB 9302142 W GB9302142 W GB 9302142W WO 9409317 A1 WO9409317 A1 WO 9409317A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
injection nozzle
rod
outlet orifice
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1993/002142
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Philip John Gregory Dingle
Original Assignee
Lucas Industries Public Limited Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucas Industries Public Limited Company filed Critical Lucas Industries Public Limited Company
Publication of WO1994009317A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994009317A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/386—Nozzle cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle, particularly, though not exclusively, a fuel injection nozzle for use in a burner device.
  • the invention also relates to burner devices incorporating fuel injection nozzles.
  • a fuel injection nozzle and particularly a fuel injection nozzle used in a burner device, may suffer a change in its flow characteristics due to coking; that is, a build-up of carbonaceous or like material at the nozzle outlet orifice.
  • Such deposits are undesirable in that they reduce the size of the outlet orifice and cause a change in the spray profile of atomised fuel discharged from the outlet orifice, and a change in the volume of fuel discharged.
  • a fuel injection nozzle comprising a housing having a passage therethrough for the flow of fuel from an inlet to an outlet orifice, and means displaceable with respect to the outlet orifice to effect removal of material that accumulates at the outlet orifice.
  • said displaceable means comprises a rod extending within, and displaceable with respect to the sides of, the outlet orifice to effect said removal of material.
  • the rod may be flexibly mounted in the housing, e.g. by a flexible support wire.
  • the rod may be freely supported in the housing.
  • the rod may be displaced by turbulent flow through the outlet orifice and/or by vibration of the surrounding structures.
  • the fuel injection nozzle may have means for retaining the rod within the housing.
  • the retaining means may comprise a flange on the rod.
  • the fuel injection nozzle may include means to encourage turbulent flow through the outlet orifice and such means may comprise a plurality of swirl grooves provided in said passage.
  • a burner device comprising a fuel injection nozzle according to said first aspect of the invention and ignition means for igniting fuel discharged from the outlet orifice of the fuel injection nozzle.
  • the burner device may be used to supply heat, during start-up, to the catalytic converter in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, such as a petrol engine.
  • an internal combustion engine such as a petrol engine.
  • an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine such as a petrol engine, including a catalytic converter and a burner device according to the second aspect of the invention, to supply heat to the catalytic converter during start-up.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through one embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an end view of the fuel injection nozzle shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged, sectional view through a part of the fuel injection nozzle shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4a is a longitudinal sectional view through another embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • Figure 4b is an enlarged sectional view through a part of the fuel injection nozzle shown in Figure 4a;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view through a part of a yet further embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic representation of an exhaust system.
  • the fuel injection nozzle 1 comprises a nozzle housing 10 formed with a passage 11 therethrough for the flow of fuel from an inlet 12 to an outlet orifice 13.
  • the passage 11 includes a bore 11' of circular cross- section in which is located a support body 14.
  • the support body 14 is screw-clamped against an end wall 15 of the housing by a flanged retaining member 16.
  • fuel enters passage 11 through inlet 12, passes around the support body 14 via a drilled hole 17 and is finally discharged from outlet orifice 13 via a number (in this example three) of curved swirl grooves 18 formed in an end face 19 of the support body.
  • the swirl grooves 18 encourage turbulent flow which assists atomisation of fuel discharged from the outlet orifice.
  • the support body 14 has a bore 20 which is coaxial with the outlet orifice 13 and in which is located a rod 21. As best seen in the enlarged view of Figure 3, one end of rod 21 extends through, and projects from the outlet orifice by an amount which is equal to, or exceeds the anticipated carbonaceous build-up. The opposite end of the rod is attached to a flexible support wire 22 which is fixed to the support body 14 by crimping or by pther suitable means.
  • the outside diameter of rod 21 is smaller than the inside diameter of the outlet orifice 13, and fuel is discharged from the nozzle through the annular space 23 between the tip of the rod and the sides of the outlet orifice.
  • the rod has a flat end surface 24 which is transverse to the sides of the rod, and this assists in the atomisation of fuel as the fuel is discharged from the outlet orifice.
  • the outside diameter of rod 21 is also smaller than the inside diameter of bore 20, and so the rod is free to be displaced laterally on the flexible wire support 22. Lateral displacement of the rod 21 may be motivated by the turbulent flow of fuel through the outlet orifice and also by vibration of the surrounding structures.
  • the tip of rod 21 is displaced with respect to the sides of the outlet orifice 13 and is effective to remove carbonaceous and other unwanted material that may have accumulated.
  • the rod acts as a flail which strikes the sides of the outlet orifice and dislodges deposits that may have formed. In this way, the size and flow characteristics of the outlet orifice are maintained substantially uniform over its operational life.
  • the perturbing forces acting on the rod may be quite small and the rod may adopt a centralised position. Therefore, in such circumstances, the rigidity of the wire support 22 may need to be reduced, or the level of turbulence in the flow may need to be increased to encourage lateral displacement of the rod.
  • FIGS 4a and 4b of the drawings show an alternative embodiment of the invention. Parts common to Figures 4a and 4b and Figures 1 to 3 are given like reference numerals and are not described in detail.
  • support body 14 comprises two parts; a main part 14a formed with a screw-threaded recess 25 and a screw-threaded insert 14b which is a screw-fit in the recess.
  • Rod 21 is suspended by a flexible support wire 22 which is fixed to the insert 14b by crimping.
  • the inboard end of rod 21 is formed with a flange 21' dimensioned to retain the rod within housing 10 should support wire 22 fail or become dislodged from insert 14b. By this means, rod 21 is prevented from causing damage, e.g. by falling into the combustion chamber.
  • the flexible support wire 22 is dispensed with altogether.
  • rod 21 is retained within housing 10 by a flange 21".
  • the rod has a flared profile F where the flange 21" rests on the support body 14 allowing the rod to be displaced freely.
  • a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention forms part of a burner device which is installed in the exhaust system of a petrol engine fitted with a catalytic converter, as illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 6.
  • the catalytic converter is cold and its efficiency will be low, and so the level of noxtious gases, such as CO, NO, discharged to atmosphere by the exhaust system may be unacceptable.
  • the burner device which comprises a burner assembly 2 incorporating the fuel injection nozzle and an associated ignition device 3, for example a spark plug, is fitted to the exhaust system close to the entrance to the catalytic converter 4.
  • the burner device heats the catalytic converter 4 to a minimum operating temperature until a suitable operating temperature can be maintained by heat from the exhaust gases.
  • an open fuel injection nozzle as described is suitable for either continuous or intermittent flow operation.
  • the described fuel injection nozzle and burner device find application in engines fuelled by petrol and other hydrocarbon fuels; for example, diesel.
  • the fuel injection nozzle and burner device also find application in furnaces and other fuel-burning combustors where coking is likely to occur.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel injection nozzle (1) comprises a housing (10) formed with a passage (11) for the flow of fuel from an inlet (12) to an outlet orifice (13). A flexibly mounted rod (21) is displaceable with respect to the sides of the outlet orifice (13) to dislodge accumulated deposits of carbonaceous or like material. A burner device incorporating the fuel injection nozzle (1) is also described.

Description

FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR BURNER
The invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle, particularly, though not exclusively, a fuel injection nozzle for use in a burner device.
The invention also relates to burner devices incorporating fuel injection nozzles.
Over time, a fuel injection nozzle, and particularly a fuel injection nozzle used in a burner device, may suffer a change in its flow characteristics due to coking; that is, a build-up of carbonaceous or like material at the nozzle outlet orifice. Such deposits are undesirable in that they reduce the size of the outlet orifice and cause a change in the spray profile of atomised fuel discharged from the outlet orifice, and a change in the volume of fuel discharged.
It is one object of the invention to provide a fuel injection nozzle which substantially alleviates this problem.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the invention, .there is provided a fuel injection nozzle comprising a housing having a passage therethrough for the flow of fuel from an inlet to an outlet orifice, and means displaceable with respect to the outlet orifice to effect removal of material that accumulates at the outlet orifice.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said displaceable means comprises a rod extending within, and displaceable with respect to the sides of, the outlet orifice to effect said removal of material.
The rod may be flexibly mounted in the housing, e.g. by a flexible support wire. Alternatively, the rod may be freely supported in the housing.
The rod may be displaced by turbulent flow through the outlet orifice and/or by vibration of the surrounding structures.
The fuel injection nozzle may have means for retaining the rod within the housing. The retaining means may comprise a flange on the rod.
The fuel injection nozzle may include means to encourage turbulent flow through the outlet orifice and such means may comprise a plurality of swirl grooves provided in said passage.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a burner device comprising a fuel injection nozzle according to said first aspect of the invention and ignition means for igniting fuel discharged from the outlet orifice of the fuel injection nozzle.
The burner device may be used to supply heat, during start-up, to the catalytic converter in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, such as a petrol engine.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, such as a petrol engine, including a catalytic converter and a burner device according to the second aspect of the invention, to supply heat to the catalytic converter during start-up.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fuel injection nozzles and a burner device according to the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through one embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention;
Figure 2 is an end view of the fuel injection nozzle shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged, sectional view through a part of the fuel injection nozzle shown in Figure 1;
Figure 4a is a longitudinal sectional view through another embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention;
Figure 4b is an enlarged sectional view through a part of the fuel injection nozzle shown in Figure 4a;
Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view through a part of a yet further embodiment of a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention; and
Figure 6 is a diagrammatic representation of an exhaust system.
BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the fuel injection nozzle 1 comprises a nozzle housing 10 formed with a passage 11 therethrough for the flow of fuel from an inlet 12 to an outlet orifice 13.
The passage 11 includes a bore 11' of circular cross- section in which is located a support body 14. The support body 14 is screw-clamped against an end wall 15 of the housing by a flanged retaining member 16. In use, fuel enters passage 11 through inlet 12, passes around the support body 14 via a drilled hole 17 and is finally discharged from outlet orifice 13 via a number (in this example three) of curved swirl grooves 18 formed in an end face 19 of the support body. The swirl grooves 18 encourage turbulent flow which assists atomisation of fuel discharged from the outlet orifice.
The support body 14 has a bore 20 which is coaxial with the outlet orifice 13 and in which is located a rod 21. As best seen in the enlarged view of Figure 3, one end of rod 21 extends through, and projects from the outlet orifice by an amount which is equal to, or exceeds the anticipated carbonaceous build-up. The opposite end of the rod is attached to a flexible support wire 22 which is fixed to the support body 14 by crimping or by pther suitable means.
The outside diameter of rod 21 is smaller than the inside diameter of the outlet orifice 13, and fuel is discharged from the nozzle through the annular space 23 between the tip of the rod and the sides of the outlet orifice. The rod has a flat end surface 24 which is transverse to the sides of the rod, and this assists in the atomisation of fuel as the fuel is discharged from the outlet orifice.
The outside diameter of rod 21 is also smaller than the inside diameter of bore 20, and so the rod is free to be displaced laterally on the flexible wire support 22. Lateral displacement of the rod 21 may be motivated by the turbulent flow of fuel through the outlet orifice and also by vibration of the surrounding structures.
With this arrangement, the tip of rod 21 is displaced with respect to the sides of the outlet orifice 13 and is effective to remove carbonaceous and other unwanted material that may have accumulated. In effect, the rod acts as a flail which strikes the sides of the outlet orifice and dislodges deposits that may have formed. In this way, the size and flow characteristics of the outlet orifice are maintained substantially uniform over its operational life.
If the flow of fuel through the outlet orifice has a substantial swirling component, the perturbing forces acting on the rod may be quite small and the rod may adopt a centralised position. Therefore, in such circumstances, the rigidity of the wire support 22 may need to be reduced, or the level of turbulence in the flow may need to be increased to encourage lateral displacement of the rod.
Conversely, if the perturbing forces acting on the rod are too great the rigidity of the wire support 22 might need to be increased in order to prevent excessive contact between the rod and the sides of the outlet orifice which might otherwise have an adverse affect on the flow and wear life characteristics of the nozzle.
Figures 4a and 4b of the drawings show an alternative embodiment of the invention. Parts common to Figures 4a and 4b and Figures 1 to 3 are given like reference numerals and are not described in detail.
Referring to Figure 4a, support body 14 comprises two parts; a main part 14a formed with a screw-threaded recess 25 and a screw-threaded insert 14b which is a screw-fit in the recess. Rod 21 is suspended by a flexible support wire 22 which is fixed to the insert 14b by crimping. As shown in great detail in the enlarged view of Figure 4b, the inboard end of rod 21 is formed with a flange 21' dimensioned to retain the rod within housing 10 should support wire 22 fail or become dislodged from insert 14b. By this means, rod 21 is prevented from causing damage, e.g. by falling into the combustion chamber.
In a yet further embodiment, shown in Figure 5, the flexible support wire 22 is dispensed with altogether. As before, rod 21 is retained within housing 10 by a flange 21". However, in this embodiment, the rod has a flared profile F where the flange 21" rests on the support body 14 allowing the rod to be displaced freely. In a particular application, a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention forms part of a burner device which is installed in the exhaust system of a petrol engine fitted with a catalytic converter, as illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 6.
During engine start-up, the catalytic converter is cold and its efficiency will be low, and so the level of noxtious gases, such as CO, NO, discharged to atmosphere by the exhaust system may be unacceptable.
With a view to alleviating this problem, the burner device, which comprises a burner assembly 2 incorporating the fuel injection nozzle and an associated ignition device 3, for example a spark plug, is fitted to the exhaust system close to the entrance to the catalytic converter 4. During the initial start-up period (which may last for 30 seconds or so) , the burner device heats the catalytic converter 4 to a minimum operating temperature until a suitable operating temperature can be maintained by heat from the exhaust gases.
The form of fuel injection nozzle described with reference to Figures 1 to 5 discourages the accumulation of carbonaceous and other unwanted deposits at the outlet orifice of the nozzle, and thereby promotes the efficient and continuous operation of the nozzle.
It will be understood that an open fuel injection nozzle as described is suitable for either continuous or intermittent flow operation.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The described fuel injection nozzle and burner device find application in engines fuelled by petrol and other hydrocarbon fuels; for example, diesel.
The fuel injection nozzle and burner device also find application in furnaces and other fuel-burning combustors where coking is likely to occur.

Claims

1. A fuel injection nozzle comprising a housing (10) having a passage (11) therethrough for the flow of fuel from an inlet (12) to an outlet orifice (13), and means (21) displaceable with respect to the outlet orifice (13) to effect removal of material that accumulates at the outlet orifice (13).
2. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said displaceable means (21) comprises a rod (21) extending within, and displaceable with respect to the sides of, the outlet orifice (13) to effect said removal of material.
3. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the tip of said rod (21) projects from the outlet orifice (13) .
4. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, wherein said rod (21) is flexibly mounted in the housing (10) .
5. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the rod (21) is mounted in the housing (10) by a flexible support wire (22).
6. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, comprising means for retaining the rod (21) within the housing (10).
7. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the retaining means comprises a flange (21') on the rod (21) .
8. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 when the rod (21) is freely supported in the housing (10) .
9. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 8 wherein the rod (21) has a flange (21') for retaining the rod (21) within the housing, and a curved support surface (F). ,
10. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein displacement of the displaceable means (21) is caused by turbulent flow through the outlet nozzle (13) and/or by vibration of surrounding structures of the nozzle.
11. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, including means (18) to encourage turbulent flow through the outlet orifice (13).
12. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 11, wherein the means (18) for encouraging turbulent flow comprises a plurality of swirl grooves (18) in the passage (11).
13. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in claim 12, wherein there are three said swirl grooves (18).
14. A fuel injection nozzle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 suitable for continuous or intermittent fuel flow.
15. A burner device comprising a fuel injection nozzle
(1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, and ignition means (3) for igniting fuel discharged from the outlet orifice (13) of the fuel injection nozzle (1).
16. An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine including a catalytic converter (4) and a burner device
(2) as claimed in claim 15, for supplying heat to the catalytic converter (4) during start-up.
(0699H)
PCT/GB1993/002142 1992-10-19 1993-10-18 Fuel injection nozzle for burner WO1994009317A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB929221892A GB9221892D0 (en) 1992-10-19 1992-10-19 A fuel injection nozzle and a burner device incorporating a fuel injection nozzle
GB9221892.4 1992-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994009317A1 true WO1994009317A1 (en) 1994-04-28

Family

ID=10723661

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1993/002142 WO1994009317A1 (en) 1992-10-19 1993-10-18 Fuel injection nozzle for burner

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB9221892D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1994009317A1 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB125722A (en) * 1918-04-17 1919-04-17 Kitson Empire Lighting Company Improvements in or relating to Atmospheric Vapour Burning Lamps and Stoves.
US1399655A (en) * 1918-07-15 1921-12-06 Yale & Towne Mfg Co Burner-cleaner
FR910482A (en) * 1943-01-13 1946-06-07 Air Liquide Automatic device preventing the obstruction of orifices for spraying liquids
US2607193A (en) * 1947-10-25 1952-08-19 Curtiss Wright Corp Annular combustion chamber with multiple notched fuel nozzles
FR1402871A (en) * 1964-01-16 1965-06-18 Advanced burner
US3911675A (en) * 1974-03-25 1975-10-14 Gen Motors Corp Keep-hot catalytic converter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB125722A (en) * 1918-04-17 1919-04-17 Kitson Empire Lighting Company Improvements in or relating to Atmospheric Vapour Burning Lamps and Stoves.
US1399655A (en) * 1918-07-15 1921-12-06 Yale & Towne Mfg Co Burner-cleaner
FR910482A (en) * 1943-01-13 1946-06-07 Air Liquide Automatic device preventing the obstruction of orifices for spraying liquids
US2607193A (en) * 1947-10-25 1952-08-19 Curtiss Wright Corp Annular combustion chamber with multiple notched fuel nozzles
FR1402871A (en) * 1964-01-16 1965-06-18 Advanced burner
US3911675A (en) * 1974-03-25 1975-10-14 Gen Motors Corp Keep-hot catalytic converter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9221892D0 (en) 1992-12-02

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